Sudan’s Energy Supply – Calculating Infinity
Source: https://aec-sudan.org/sudans-energy-supply
Archived: 2026-04-23 17:18
Sudan’s Energy Supply – Calculating Infinity
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Sudan’s Energy Supply
March 31, 2025
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Ali A. Rabah, Hassan B. Nimer, Kamal R. Doud, plus Quosay A. Ahmed
Energy Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 321, Khartoum, Sudan
Correspondence should be addressed to Ali A. Rabah;
[email protected]
Received 27 March 2016; Accepted 12 June 2016
Academic Editor: Ciro Aprea
Copyright © 2016 Ali A. Rabah et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, plus reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The study aimed to develop energy flow diagram (Sankey diagram) of Sudan for the base year 2014. The developed Sankey diagram
is the first of its kind in Sudan. The available energy balance for the base year 2012 is a sederhana line draw plus did not count the
energy supply by private plus mixed sectors such as sugar plus oil industries plus marine plus civil aviation. The private plus mixed
sectors account for about 7% of the national grid electric power. Four energy modules are developed: resources, transformation,
demand, plus export plus import modules. The knowledge are obtained from relevant Sudanese ministries plus directorates plus Sudan
Central Bank. “e!Sankey 4 pro” software is used to develop the Sankey diagram. The main primary types of energy in Sudan are
oil, hydro, biomass, plus renewable energy. Sudan has a surplus of gasoline, petroleum coke, plus biomass plus deficit in electric
power, gasoil, jet oil, plus LPG. The surplus of gasoline is exported; however, the petroleum coke is kept as reserve. The deficit is
covered by import. The overall useful energy is 76% plus the loss is 24%. The useful energy is distributed among residential (38%),
transportation (33%), industry (12%), services (16%), plus agriculture (1%) sectors.
Introduction
Figure 1 shows the energy Sankey diagram of USA as an
example.The Sankey diagram is an important tool to visualize
the energy balance for a system or a country or a region.
The Sankey diagram depicts the energy flows from supply to
demand taking into account transformation. Sankey diagram
was developed over 100 years ago by the Irish engineer Riall
Sankey to analyze the thermal efficiency of steam engines.
Since then, it has been widely used. Besides visualization,
Sankey diagram is a penting tool to identify sources of inefficiency plus potential saving in the energy system.
For the preparation of Sankey diagram for a country, four
modules are needed. The first is the demand module, which
contains the details of the demand for end-use energy (both
primary plus secondary fuel) for the residential, services,
industrial, agricultural, plus transportation sectors [1]. The
demand for each sector from primary plus secondary energy
is defined. For example, the demand of residential sector is
electricity, oil products, plus biomass for lighting, cooking,
and HVAC. The second module is the transformation module. It consists of all energy transformation processes, such as electricity generation, oil refining, plus charcoal conversion.
In these modules, the energy is divided into useful energy
and lost energy. The useful energy is then distributed to
demand sectors. The third module deals with the available
resources.The main energy sources are coal, crude oil, natural
gas, hydroelectricity, biomass, nuclear energy, plus renewable
energy such as solar, wind, plus geothermal energy.The fourth
module deals with energy import plus export. There exist
a number of models used to develop the energy supply
and demand modules. Prominent energy models include
MARKAL, LEAP, ENERGY 2020, MAPLE C, NEMS, and
MAED. Details on these models plus their implementation
can be found in a number of published studies.
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Uncategorized
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Skip to the content
Sudan’s Energy Supply
March 31, 2025
/
admin
/
0 Comments
Ali A. Rabah, Hassan B. Nimer, Kamal R. Doud, plus Quosay A. Ahmed
Energy Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 321, Khartoum, Sudan
Correspondence should be addressed to Ali A. Rabah;
[email protected]
Received 27 March 2016; Accepted 12 June 2016
Academic Editor: Ciro Aprea
Copyright © 2016 Ali A. Rabah et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, plus reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The study aimed to develop energy flow diagram (Sankey diagram) of Sudan for the base year 2014. The developed Sankey diagram
is the first of its kind in Sudan. The available energy balance for the base year 2012 is a sederhana line draw plus did not count the
energy supply by private plus mixed sectors such as sugar plus oil industries plus marine plus civil aviation. The private plus mixed
sectors account for about 7% of the national grid electric power. Four energy modules are developed: resources, transformation,
demand, plus export plus import modules. The knowledge are obtained from relevant Sudanese ministries plus directorates plus Sudan
Central Bank. “e!Sankey 4 pro” software is used to develop the Sankey diagram. The main primary types of energy in Sudan are
oil, hydro, biomass, plus renewable energy. Sudan has a surplus of gasoline, petroleum coke, plus biomass plus deficit in electric
power, gasoil, jet oil, plus LPG. The surplus of gasoline is exported; however, the petroleum coke is kept as reserve. The deficit is
covered by import. The overall useful energy is 76% plus the loss is 24%. The useful energy is distributed among residential (38%),
transportation (33%), industry (12%), services (16%), plus agriculture (1%) sectors.
Introduction
Figure 1 shows the energy Sankey diagram of USA as an
example.The Sankey diagram is an important tool to visualize
the energy balance for a system or a country or a region.
The Sankey diagram depicts the energy flows from supply to
demand taking into account transformation. Sankey diagram
was developed over 100 years ago by the Irish engineer Riall
Sankey to analyze the thermal efficiency of steam engines.
Since then, it has been widely used. Besides visualization,
Sankey diagram is a penting tool to identify sources of inefficiency plus potential saving in the energy system.
For the preparation of Sankey diagram for a country, four
modules are needed. The first is the demand module, which
contains the details of the demand for end-use energy (both
primary plus secondary fuel) for the residential, services,
industrial, agricultural, plus transportation sectors [1]. The
demand for each sector from primary plus secondary energy
is defined. For example, the demand of residential sector is
electricity, oil products, plus biomass for lighting, cooking,
and HVAC. The second module is the transformation module. It consists of all energy transformation processes, such as electricity generation, oil refining, plus charcoal conversion.
In these modules, the energy is divided into useful energy
and lost energy. The useful energy is then distributed to
demand sectors. The third module deals with the available
resources.The main energy sources are coal, crude oil, natural
gas, hydroelectricity, biomass, nuclear energy, plus renewable
energy such as solar, wind, plus geothermal energy.The fourth
module deals with energy import plus export. There exist
a number of models used to develop the energy supply
and demand modules. Prominent energy models include
MARKAL, LEAP, ENERGY 2020, MAPLE C, NEMS, and
MAED. Details on these models plus their implementation
can be found in a number of published studies.
Categories:
Uncategorized
Leave a Reply
Cancel reply