Related Tables and Diagrams of Chapter 1
Source: https://www.scdf.gov.sg/fire-safety-services-listing/fire-code-2023/codes-and-standards
Archived: 2026-04-23 17:32
Related Tables and Diagrams of Chapter 1
Government officials will NEVER ask you to transfer money or disclose bank log-in details over a phone call. Call the 24/7 ScamShield Helpline at 1799 if you are unsure if something is a scam. For details, visit the
ScamShield website
.
To help businesses reduce regulatory compliance costs, SCDF will implement three-year Fire Certificate (FC) validity periods for renewal applications from 1 Apr 2026 onwards. Please refer to the
SCDF Fire Certificate
webpage for more information.
The Civil Defence Heritage Gallery and Emergency Preparedness Centre will reopen to the public from 21 Apr 2026. The weekly Saturday morning Fire Station Open House will also be resumed with effect from 25 Apr 2026.
1
/
3
Clause 1.1 Scope
Clause 1.2 Codes and Standards
Clause 1.3 Abbreviations
Clause 1.4 Definitions
Related Tables and Diagrams of Chapter 1
Hero banner for all pages except home page
Related Tables and Diagrams of Chapter 1
Fire Code 2023
.PDF,
19.69MB
Search Fire Code
Include in Search
Rationale
Explanations & Illustrations
Figures & Tables
Note to QP
Clear All
Please enter a keyword to search
TABLE 1.2A : CODES & STANDARDS
TABLE 1.2A : CODES & STANDARDS
Name
Description
Remarks
SINGAPORE STANDARDS
SS CP 52
CoP for Automatic Fire Sprinkler System
SS 99
Specifications for Welded Low Carbon Steel Cylinders for Storage and Transportation of Low-Pressure Liquefiable Gases
SS141
Specification for Unplasticised PVC pipe for Cold Water Services and Industrial Uses
SS 213
Unplasticised PVC Pipes and Fittings for Soil, Waste and Vent Application
SS 232 Pt 1 to 6
Portable Fire Extinguishers
Replaced by SS EN 3 - 7 to 10
SS 233
Specifications for Flexible Rubber Tubing, Rubber Hose and Rubber Hose Assemblies for Use in LPG Vapour Phase Installations
SS 254
Electrical Apparatus for Explosive Gas Atmospheres
Replaced by IEC 60079
SS 263
Pt 2
Luminaires -
Particular Requirements for Luminaires for Emergency Lighting
Replaced by IEC 60598-2-22
SS 281
Specifications for Pressure Regulators for LPG
SS 286
Caution Labelling for Hazardous Substances
Replaced by SS 586
SS 294
Specifications for Valves for Use with Domestic and Industrial LPG Cylinders
SS 299
Fire Resistant Cables
SS 332
Specification for Fire Door
SS 333
Specification for Fire Dampers
SS 489
Specification for Fire Shutters
SS 508
Graphical Symbols - Safety Colours & Safety Signs
Formerly SS 217 & SS 364
Pt 1
Design Principles for Safety Signs & Safety Markings
Pt 2
Design Principles for Product Safety Labels
SS 512
CoP for the design, construction and operation of pipeline service corridors
SS 532
CoP for the Storage of Flammable Liquids
Formerly CP 40
SS 535
CoP for Installation, Operation, Maintenance, Performance Constructional Requirements of Mains Failure Standby Generating Systems
Formerly CP 31
SS 546
CoP for Emergency Voice Communication Systems in Buildings
Formerly CP 25
SS 550
CoP for Installation, Operation and Maintenance of El Passenger and Goods Lifts
Formerly CP 2
SS 551
CoP for Earthing
Formerly CP 16
SS 563
CoP for the Design, Installation & Maintenance of Em Lighting and Power Supply Systems in Building
Formerly CP 19
Pt 1
Emergency lighting
Pt 2
Installation Requirements and Maintenance Procedures
SS 572
CoP for the Use of Timber in Buildings
F
ormerly CP 1
SS 575
CoP for Fire Hydrant, Rising Mains and Hose Reel System
F
ormerly CP 29
SS 578
CoP for the Use and Maintenance of Portable Fire Extinguishers
Formerly CP 55
SS 586
Specification for Hazard Communication for Hazardous Chemicals and Dangerous Goods
Replaces SS 286
SS 608
CoP for Gas Installation
Formerly CP 51
SS 634
CoP for Fire Safety for Open Plant Processing Facilities in Oil, Chemical and Process Industries
SS 638
CoP for Electrical Installations
Formerly CP 5
SS 641
CoP for Fire Safety for Laboratories Using Chemicals
SS 645
CoP for the Installation and Servicing of Electrical Fire Alarm Systems
Formerly CP 10
SS EN 3-7
Portable Fire Extinguishers -
Replaces SS 232 Pt 1 to 6
Part 7: Characteristics, performance requirements and test methods
SS EN 3-8
Portable Fire Extinguishers -
Part 8: Additional requirements to SS EN 3-7 for the construction, resistance to pressure and mechanical tests for extinguishers with a maximum allowable pressure equal to or lower than 30 bar
SS EN 3-9
Portable Fire Extinguishers -
Part 9: Additional requirements to SS EN 3-7 for pressure resistance if CO extinguishers
SS EN 3-10
Portable Fire Extinguishers -
Part 10: Provisions for evaluating the conformity of a portable fire extinguisher to SS EN 3-7
SS EN 1992
Design of Concrete Structures
Formerly CP 65
Pt 1
Planning and Performance Assessment of Electrical Energy Storage Systems – General Specification
Pt 2
Safety Considerations for Grid- Integrated EES Systems – General Specifications
TR 77
Electrical Energy Storage (EES) Systems
Pt 1
Planning and Performance Assessment of Electrical Energy Storage Systems – General Specification
Pt 2
Safety Considerations for Grid-integrated EES Systems – General Specification
AMERICAN STANDARDS
ANSI
American National Standard Institute
A14.3
American National Standards for Ladders - Fixed - Safety Requirements
ASTM D635
Standard Test Method for Rate of Burning and/ or Extent & Time of Burning of Plastics in a Horizontal Position
ASTM E108
Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof Coverings
ASTM E119
Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction & Materials
ASTM E 662
Standard Test Method for Specific Optical Density of Smoke Generated by Solid Materials
ASTM E814
Standard Test Method for Fire Tests of Penetration Firestop Systems
ASTM E2307
Standard Test Method for Determining Fire Resistance of Perimeter Fire Barriers Using Intermediate – Scale, Multi-story Test Apparatus
NFPA 16
Standard for the Installation of Foam-Water Sprinkler and Foam-Water Spray Systems
Formerly NFPA 16A
NFPA 30
Flammable & Combustible Liquids Code
NFPA 33
Standard for Spray Application Using Flammable or Combustible Materials
NFPA 45
Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals
NFPA 54
National Fuel Gas Code
NFPA 55
Compressed Gases and Cryogenic Fluids Code
NFPA 58
Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code
NFPA 251
Standard Methods of Tests of Fire Resistance of Building Construction & Materials
NFPA 253
Standard Method of Test for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor Covering Systems Using a Radiant heat Energy Source
NFPA 258
Recommended Practice for Determining Smoke Generation of Solid Material
NFPA 262
Standard Methods of Tests for Flame Travel and Smoke of Wires and Cables for Use in Air-Handling Spaces
NFPA 285
Standard Fire Test Method for Evaluation of Fire Propagation Characteristics of Exterior Wall Assemblies Containing Combustible Components
NFPA 400
Hazardous Materials Code
NFPA 430
Code for the Storage of Liquids & Solid Oxidizers
Replaced by NFPA 400
NFPA 432
Code for the Storage of Organic Peroxide Formulations
NFPA 495
Explosive Materials Code
NFPA 502
Standard for Road Tunnels, Bridges and other Limited Access Highways
NFPA 750
Standard on Water Mist Fire Protection Systems
NFPA 2001
Standard on Clean Agent Fire Protection Systems
UL 132
Standard for Safety Relief Valves for Anhydrous Ammonia and LP-Gas
UL 144
Standard for LP-Gas Regulators
UL 217
Standard for Smoke Alarms
UL 300
Standard for Fire Testing of Fire Extinguishing Systems for Protection of Commercial Cooking Equipment
UL 448
Standard for Safety Centrifugal Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection Service
UL 555
Fire Dampers
UL 924
Standard for Emergency Lighting and Power Equipment
AUSTRALIAN STANDARDS
AS 1530
Methods for Fire Tests on Building Materials, Components & Structures
Pt 4
Fire-resistance Test of Elements of Construction
AS 2208
Safety Glazing Materials in Buildings
AS/NZS 2293
Emergency Lighting and Exit Signs for Buildings
Pt 1
System Design, Installation and Operation
AS 2714
The Storage & Handling of Organic Peroxides
AS 2941
Fixed Fire Protection Installations - Pumpset Systems
AS 3786
Smoke Alarms Using Scattered Light, Transmitted Light or Ionization
AS 4391
Smoke Management Systems - Hot Smoke Test
AS 4326
The Storage & Handling of Oxidizng Agents
AS 4587
Water Mist Fire Protection Systems - System Design, Installation and Commissioning
BRITISH STANDARDS
BR 186
Design Principles for Smoke Ventilation in Enclosed Shopping Centres
Published by Fire Research Station, Building Research Establishment, Borehamwood, Herts WD62BL
BR 258
Design Approaches for Smoke Control in Atrium Buildings
BR 368
Design Methodologies for Smoke and Heat Exhaust Ventilation
Published by Construction Research Communications Ltd by permission of Building Re- search Establishment Ltd
BS 476
Fire Tests on Building Materials and Structures
Pt 3
Classification and Method of Test for External Fire Exposure to Roofs
Pt 4
Non-Combustibility Test for Materials
Pt 5
Method of Test for Ignitability
Pt 6
Method of Test for Fire Propagation for Products
Pt 7
Method of Test to Determine the Classification of the Surface Spread of Flame of Products
Pt 11
Method for Assessing the Heat Emission from Building Materials
Pt 20
Method for Determination of the Fire Resistance of Elements of Construction (General Principles)
Pt 21
Methods for Determination of the Fire Resistance of Load- Bearing Elements of Construction
Pt 22
Method for Determination of the Fire Resistance of Non-Load- Bearing Elements of Construction
Pt 23
Methods for Determination of the Contribution of Components to the Fire Resistance of a Structure
Pt 24
Method for Determination of the Fire Resistance of Ventilation Ducts
BS 1230
Pt 1
Specification for Plasterboard Excluding Materials Submitted to Secondary Operations
Replaced by BS EN 520
BS 2594
Specification for Carbon Steel Welded Horizontal Cylindrical Storage Tanks
Withdrawn
BS 3016
Specifications for Pressure Regulators for LPG
Replaced by BS EN 16219
BS 4514
Specification for Unplasticized PVC Soil and Ventilating Pipes of 82.4mm Minimum Mean Outside Diameter, and Fittings and Accessories of 82.4mm and of Other Sizes
BS 5041
Fire Hydrant Systems Equipment
Pt 1
Specification for Landing Valves for Wet Risers
Pt 3
Specification for Inlet Breechings for Dry Riser Inlets
BS 5234
Partitions (including matching linings)
Pt 2
Specification for Performance Requirements for Strength and Robustness including Methods of Test
BS 5345
Selection, Installation and Maintenance of Electrical Apparatus for Use in Potentially Explosive Atmosphere (Other than Mining Applications or Explosive Processing and Manufacturing)
Replaced by BS EN 60079-14
Pt 1
General Recommendations
Pt 3
Installation and Maintenance Requirements for Electrical Apparatus with Type of Protection ‘d’. Flameproof Enclosure
BS 5499
Fire Safety Signs, Notices and Graphic Symbols
Pt 2
Specification for Self-Luminous Fire Safety Signs
Withdrawn
BS 5588
Fire Precautions in the Design, Construction and Use of Buildings
Pt 5
CoP for Firefighting Stairways and Lifts
Withdrawn
BS 5852
Methods of Test for Assessment of the Ignitability of Upholstered Seating by Smouldering and Flaming Ignition Source
BS 6206
Specification for Impact Performance Requirements for Flat Safety Glass and Safety Plastics for Use in Buildings
Replaced by EN 12600
BS 6387
Test Method for Resistance to Fire of Cables Required to Maintain Circuit Integrity under Fire Conditions
BS 6391
Specification for Non-Percolating Layflat Delivery Hoses and Hose Assemblies for Fire Fighting Purposes
BS 7346
Components for Smoke and Heat Control Systems
Pt 2
Specification for Powered Smoke and Heat Exhaust Ventilators
Withdrawn
Pt 3
Specification for Smoke Curtains
Withdrawn
BS 7346
Components for Smoke and Heat Control Systems
Pt 7
CoP on Functional Recommendations and Calculation Methods for Smoke and Heat Control Systems for Covered Car Parks
BS 7846
Electric Cables. Thermosetting Insulated, Armoured, Fire-resistant Cables of Rated Voltage 600/1000V for Fixed Installations, Having Low Emission of Smoke and Corrosive Gases when Affected by Fire. Specification
BS 8202
Coatings for Fire Protection of Building Elements
Pt 2
CoP for the Use of Intumescent Coating Systems to Metallic Substrates for Providing Fire Resistance
EN 54
Fire Detection and Alarm Systems
Pt 2
Control and Indicating Equipment
Pt 4
Power Supply Equipment
BS EN 520
Gypsum Plasterboards. Definitions, Requirements and Test Methods
Replaces BS 1230 Pt 1
BS EN 12101-1
Smoke & Heat Control Systems – Specification for Smoke Barriers
Replaces BS 7346 Pt 3
BS EN 12101-3
Smoke & Heat Control Systems – Specification for Powered Smoke & Heat Control Ventilators (Fans)
Replaces BS 7346 Pt 2
BS EN 13501-1
Fire Test to Building Materials - Classification
BS EN 50054
Electrical Apparatus for the Detection and Measurement of Combustible Gases. - General Requirements and Test Methods
BS EN 50057
Electrical Apparatus for the Detection and Measurement of Combustible Gases. - Performance Requirements for Group II Apparatus Indicating up to 100% Lower Explosive Limit
BS EN 50272-2
Safety Requirements for Secondary Batteries and Battery Installations. Stationary Batteries
Withdrawn
BS EN 50272-3
Safety Requirements for Secondary Batteries and Battery Installations. - Traction Batteries
Withdrawn
BS EN 60079-14
Explosive Atmosphere. Electrical Installations Design, Selection and Erection
Replaces BS 5345 Pt 1 & 3
BS EN IEC 62485-2
Safety Requirements for Secondary Batteries and Battery Installations - Stationary Batteries
Replaces BS EN 50272-2
BS EN IEC 62485-3
Safety Requirements for Secondary Batteries and Battery Installations - Traction Batteries
Replaces BS EN 50272-3
EUROPEAN STANDARDS
EN ISO 1182
Reaction to Fire Tests for Products – Non-Combustibility Test
EN ISO 1716
Reaction to Fire Tests for Building Products - Determination of the Gross Heat of Combustion (Calorific Value)
EN ISO 11925 – 2
Reaction to Fire Tests – Ignitability of Products subjected to Direct Impingement of Flame - Part: Single Flame Source Test
EN ISO 5659
Plastics – Smoke Generation
Pt 2
Determination of Optical Density by a Single-chamber Test
EN 3
Portable Fire Extinguishers
Pt 8
Additional Requirements to EN 3 – 7 for the Construction, Resistance to Pressure and Mechanical Tests for extinguishers with a Maximum Allowable Pressure Equal to or Lower than 30 Bar
Pt 9
Additional Requirements to EN 3 – 7 for Pressure Resistance of C0
2
Extinguishers
EN 54 - 2
Fire Detection and Alarm Systems - Control and Indicating Equipment
EN 54 - 4
Fire Detection and Alarm Systems - Power Supply Equipment
EN 81 - 58
Safety Rules for the Construction and Installation of Lifts. Examination and Tests
Pt 58
Landing Doors Fire Resistance Test
EN 179
Building Hardware – Emergency Exit Devices Operated by a Lever Handle or Push Pad
EN 520
Gypsum Plasterboards – Definitions, Requirements and Test Methods
EN 671 - 1
Fixed Firefighting Systems. Hose Systems. Hose Reels with Semi-Rigid Hose
EN 1125
Building Hardware – Panic Exit Devices Operated by a Horizontal Bar
EN 1154
Building Hardware – Controlled Door Closing Devices
EN 1155
Electrically Powered Hold Open Devices for Swing Doors
EN 1158
Building Hardware – Door Coordinator Devices – Requirements and Test Standards
EN 1303
Building Hardware – Cylinders for Locks
EN 1363
Fire Resistance Tests. General Requirements
EN 1364
Fire Resistance Test for Non-loadbearing Elements
Pt 1
Walls
EN 1365
Fire Resistance Test for Loadbearing Elements. Floors and Roofs
EN 1366
Fire Resistance Test for Service Installations
Pt 1
Ventilation Ducts
Pt 3
Penetration Seals
Pt 4
Linear Joint Seals
Pt 8
Smoke Extraction Ducts
Pt 9
Single Compartment Smoke Extraction Ducts
EN 1634-1
Fire Resistance and Smoke Control Tests for Door and Shutter Assemblies, Openable Windows and Elements of Building Hardware
Pt 1
Fire Resistance Test for Door and Shutter Assemblies and Openable Window
EN 1751
Ventilation for Buildings – Air Terminal Devices – Aerodynamic Testing of Damper and Valves
EN 1906
Building Hardware. Lever Handles and Knob Furniture. Requirements and Test Method
EN 1935
Building Hardware. Single-axis Hinges. Requirements and Test Methods
EN 12051
Building Hardware. Door and Window Bolts. Requirements and Test Methods
EN 12101
Smoke and Heat Control Systems
Pt 1
Specification for Smoke Barriers
EN 12209
Building Hardware. Mechanically Operated Locks and Locking plates. Requirements and Test Methods
EN 12600
Glass in Building. Pendulum Test. Impact Test Method and Classification for Flat Glass
EN 13501
Fire Classification of Construction Products and Building Elements
Pt 5
Classification Using Data from External Fire Exposure to Roofs Tests
EN 13823
Reaction to Fire Tests for Building Products - Building Products excluding Floorings exposed to the Thermal Attack by a Single Burning Item
EN 14041
Resilient, Textile and Laminate Floor Coverings. Essential Characteristics
EN 14064 - 1
Thermal Insulation Products for Buildings. IN-situ Formed Loose-fill Mineral Wool (MW) Products. Specifications for the Loose-fill Products Before Insulation
EN 14064
Smoke Alarm Devices
EN 14846
Building Hardware. Locks and Latches. Electromechanically Operated Locks and Striking Plates. Requirements and Test Methods
EN 15684
Building Hardware – Mechatronic Cylinders – Requirements and Test Methods
EN 16623
Paints and Varnishes. Reactive Coatings for Fire Protection of Metallic Substrates. Definitions, Requirements, Characteristics and Marking
EN 45545
Railway Applications – Fire protection on Railway Vehicles
Pt 2
Determination of Optical Density by a Single-chamber Test
IEC STANDARDS
IEC 60079
Explosive Atmospheres
IEC 60331
Tests for Electric Cables Under Fire Conditions – Circuit Integrity
Pt 25
Procedures and Requirements – Optical Fibre Cables
IEC 60332
Tests on Electric and Optical Fibre Cables Under Fire Conditions – All Parts
Pt 1
Test for Vertical Flame Propagation for a Single Insulated Wire or Cable - Apparatus
Pt 3
Test for Vertical Flame Spread of Vertically-Mounted Bunched Wires or Cable - Apparatus
IEC 60598-2-22
Luminaries – Part 2-22: Particular Requirements - Luminaries for Emergency Lighting
IEC 60754
Test on gases Evolved during Combustion of Materials From Cables
Pt 1
Determination of the Halogen Acid Gas Content
IEC 61034
Measurement of Smoke Density of Cables Burning Under Defined Conditions
IEC 61730
Photovoltaic (PV) Module for Safety Qualification
Pt 2
Requirements for Testing
ISO STANDARDS
ISO 834
Fire resistance Tests - Elements of Building Construction
Pt 1
General Requirements
Pt 5
Specific Requirements for Loadbearing Horizontal Separating Elements
Pt 7
Specific Requirements for Columns
Pt 8
Specific Requirements for Non-loadbearing Vertical Separating Elements
Pt 9
Specific Requirements for Non-loadbearing Ceiling Elements
ISO 1896
Thermal Insulating Asbestos Boards
ISO 3864
Graphical Symbols – Safety Colours and Safety Signs
Pt 1
Design Principles for Safety Signs and Safety Markings
Pt 2
Design Principles for Product Safety Labels
Pt 3
Design Principles for Graphical Symbols for Use in Safety Signs
ISO 5149
Refrigerating Systems and Heat Pumps - Safety and Environment Requirements
ISO 5167
Measurement of Fluid Flow by Means of Differential Pressure Devices
ISO 7010
Graphical Symbols – Safety Colours and Safety Signs – Registered Safety Signs
ISO 7244
Air Distribution and Air Diffusion – Aerodynamic Testing of Dampers and Valves
ISO 30061
Emergency Lighting
FACTORY MUTUAL RESEARCH COPORATION
FM 1311
Centrifugal Fire Pumps Spilt-close Type (Axial or Radial)
FM 1319
Centrifugal Fire Pumps (Horizontal, END Suction Type)
Note
:
- The Standards stated above are non-exhaustive,
- SCDF shall not be held responsible for the accuracy of the standard titles shown in Table.
TABLE 1.3A : ABBREVIATIONS
TABLE 1.3A : ABBREVIATIONS
Abbreviation
Definition
ACMV
Air-Conditioning & Mechanical Ventilation
AFA
Accessible Floor Area
AHJ
Authority Having Jurisdiction
ANSI
American National Standards Institute
AS
Australian Standard
ASHRAE
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating & Air-conditioning Engineers
ASTM
American Society for Testing and Materials
BRE
Building Research Establishment
BS
British Standard
BSL
Bio-Safety Level
CD
Civil Defence
CoC
Certificate of Conformity
CoP
Code of Practice
Cl.
Clause
CERT
Company Emergency Response Team
DIN
German Institute for Standardization
DoC
Declaration of Compliance
EC
Exit Capacity
EN
European Standard
FAMCP
Fully Automated Mechanised Car Park
FCC
Fire Command Centre
FM
Factory Mutual
FMRC
Factory Mutual Research Corporation
FSC
Fire Safety Certificate
FSE
Fire Safety Engineer
HFAD
Home Fire Alarm Device
HR
Hour
IEC
International Electrotechnical Commission
ISO
International Organisation for Standardisation
LPG
Liquid Petroleum Gas
MAQ
Maximum Allowable Quantity
MCST
Management Corporation Strata Title
MRA
Mutual Recognition Arrangement
MSDS
Material Safety Data Sheet
MV
Mechanical Ventilation
NFPA
National Fire Protection Association
NoA
Notice of Approval
NZS
New Zealand Standard
ODA
Outdoor Display Area
OL
Occupant Load
ORA
Outdoor Refreshment Area
PE
Professional Engineer
PG
Purpose Group
PLS
Product Listing Scheme
Pt
Part
PWDs
Persons With Disabilities
QP
Qualified Person
RI
Registered Inspector
SAC
Singapore Accreditation Council
SCDF
Singapore Civil Defence Force
SS
Singapore Standard
SS EN
Singapore Standard implementation of a European Standard
TFP
Temporary Fire Permit
UL
Underwriters Laboratories
VIFDS
Video Image Fire Detection System
WHO
World Health Organisation
TABLE 1.4A : DESIGNATION OF PURPOSE GROUPS
TABLE 1.4A : DESIGNATION OF PURPOSE GROUPS
Purpose Group (PG)
Descriptive Title
Purpose for which building or part of the building is used or intended to be used
I
Small residential
Residential dwelling house, such as:
• bungalow
• detached house
• semi-detached house
• terrace house
II
Other residential
Accommodation for residential purposes other than any premises comprised in PG I, such as:
• apartment
• cluster housing
• condominium
• flat
• maisonette
• town house
III
Institutional
Establishments used for treatment, care or maintenance of persons suffering from disabilities, such as:
• community hospital
• convalescent home
• home for intellectually disabled
• home for the aged
• home for the spastic
• hospice
• hospital
• psychiatric hospital
• nursing home
Establishments used for care or maintenance of young/ dependent persons, such as:
• children's home
• correction centre
• daycare centre
• detention centre
• dialysis centre
• infant-care centre
• rehabilitation centre
• school for the spastic
• senior activity centre
• orphanage
Establishments used for educational/ training purposes, such as:
• college
• commerical/ private • school
• enrichment centre
• kindergarten/nursery
• military camp
• polytechnic
• public school
• tuition centre
• university
• vocational institution
Establishments used for worker lodging purposes, such as:
• workers' dormitory
IV
Office
Premises/ areas/ spaces/ floors used for the purposes of administration and clerical work, or as premises occupied with an office for the purposes of the activities therein carried on, such as:
• banking
• insurance
• publisher
• stock broker
• telephone/ telegraph operating
V
Shop
Premises/ areas/ spaces/ floors used for the following purposes (and/or any other similar trades or businesses):
• beauty salon
• book store
• boutique
• confectionary outlet
• departmental store
• drugstore
• gift shop
• hairdressing salon
• jewellery shop
• laundry
• outpatient clinic
• pawnshop
• pet shop/ clinic
• polyclinic
• provisional shop
• shopping arcade
• shopping centre
• show flat
• showrooms for sale of goods
• supermarket
• take-away F&B • outlet/ kiosk
• ticketing agency
• travel agency
VI
Factory
Premises/ areas/ spaces/ floors with manufacturing, processing, servicing or testing activities, such as:
• aircraft hangar
• chemicals
• consumable products
• data/ server centre
• electrical switching/ transmitting
• fireworks
• food products
• glassware
• highly combustible substances
• highly flammable products
• incineration
• metalwork
• oil refinery
• pharmaceutical
• power generation
• recycling
• rubber
• ship building
• telecommunication exchange
• vehicle
repair/ servicing
• wafer
• waste treatment/ pumping
• woodwork
VII
Place of public resort
Premises/ areas/ spaces/ floors used for public accommodation purpose, such as:
• backpacker hotel
• boarding house
• hotel
• staff quarters
• holiday resort
• serviced apartment
• student hostel
Premises/ areas/ spaces/ floors used for educational purpose, such as:
• auditorium
• convention centre
• exhibition centre
• museum
• public art gallery
• public library
Premises used for social purpose such as:
• community centre
• private club
VII
Place of public resort
Premises/ areas/ spaces/ floors used for entertainment purpose, such as:
• casino
• cinema
• concert hall
• discotheque
• internet gaming centre
• karaoke lounge
• night club
• theatre
Premises/ areas/ spaces/ floors used for religious purpose, such as:
• church
• mosque
• temple
Premises/ areas/ spaces/ floors used for body treatment purpose, such as:
• body massage
• foot reflexology
• gymnasium
• Spa
Premises/ areas/ spaces/ floors used for recreational purpose, such as:
• amusement centre
• billiard/ snooker centre
• bowling centre
• roof garden/ terrace
• sky garden/ terrace
• public sport complex
• public swimming complex
• stadium
Premises/ areas/ spaces/ floors used for F&B purpose, such as:
• cafeteria
• canteen
• coffee shop
• eating house
• fast food outlet
• food court
• hawker centre
• Pub/ bar
• restaurant
Premises/ areas/ spaces/ floors used for transportation purpose, such as:
• airport terminal
• bus terminal
• ferry terminal
• train station
VIII
Storage
Premises/ areas/ spaces/ floors used for the purposes of storing, depositing or parking of goods, materials and/ or vehicles, such as:
• coldroom
• godown
• store
• vehicle park
• warehouse
Note
:
Requirements for buildings not listed in this Table, including but not limited to buildings used for the manufacture and/ or storage of highly combustible substances and/ or flammable liquids, etc., shall be consulted with the SCDF
TABLE 1.4B : OCCUPANT LOAD FACTORS
TABLE 1.4B : OCCUPANT LOAD FACTORS
FUNCTIONAL SPACES
FACTOR (m
2
/person)
REMARKS
Amusement park
1
excluding machine areas
Apartment, residential
15
Area of refuge
ambulatory care facility
1.4
custodian care facility
1.4
hospital
2.8
hospital
0.56
for area of refuge without patient accommodation
nursing care facility
2.8
nursing care facility
0.56
for area of refuge without patient accommodation
supervisory care facility
0.56
Archive room
reading area
5
stack area
10
Atrium floor
3
Audio visual area
3
Auditorium/ theatre
With individual fixed seating
1.5
occupant load can be based on number of fixed seating
With fixed bench seating
---
occupant load based on 450mm of length of the benches per person
Audio visual control room for theatres/ cinemas/ concert halls
5
Ball room
1.5
Banking hall
3
Bar/ pub
1
Bath room
---
non-simultaneous
Bazaar
5
Billiards room
5
Book/ general storage
30
Bowling alley
1
excluding bowling lanes
Business centre/ office
10
Cafeteria
1.5
Canteen
1.5
including staff canteen
Car parking area
30
Changing room
---
non-simultaneous
Children playground
5
including playground equipment
Classroom
Computer classroom
1.5
Nursery classroom for children under 7 years of age
1.5
or higher OL factor as required by the authority having jurisdiction
Others
1.5
Club room
1.5
Concourse
3
Conference room
1.5
Consultant room
5
Common room
1.5
Computer room
5
Corridor
---
non-simultaneous
Crematoria
1.5
Dance studio
5
Department store
5
Deposit/strong room
30
Design studio
5
Detention room
3
Dining area
Hawker centre
1.5
Fast food outlet
1
others
1.5
Discotheque
1
including dine & dance area
Examination room
5
Exposition/ Trade fair area
1.5
Fast food outlet
1
Filing room/ store
10
Foyer
Bus/ Airport/ Ferry terminal or station
1.5
Fitness club/ centre
5
Function room
1.5
Gallery
exhibits
2.5
choir
1.5
prayer
1.5
seating
1.5
occupant load can be based on number of fixed seating
trading
1.5
viewing
1.5
surgical viewing
3
General storage
30
Goods storage
30
Grandstand/ seating area
1.5
Guestroom/ accommodation unit
Dormitory
4.2
or occupant load factor between 3.6m
2
/person and 4.2m
2
/person if permitted by the authority having jurisdiction
(sleeping area & living area only, excluding toilet, etc.)
Backpacker hotel/ hostel
3
max. 20 persons per room (including living area and excluding toilet, etc.)
Hotel, Boarding house,
Serviced apartment,
Student hostel,
Staff hostel/ quarter
15
min. 2 persons per room or 15m
2
/person, whichever OL is higher
Capsule hotel
3
maximum AFA of not exceeding 60m
2
; and
occupant load not exceeding 20 persons per guestroom
Gymnasium
3.5
Health club/ centre
5
Hobby room
1.5
Housekeeping
10
Indoor games room
1.5
Indoor sport hall
school with multi-purpose hall
3
school without multi-purpose hall
1
others
3
Karaoke lounge
1.5
including dine & dance areas
Kitchen/ service area
10
Laboratory
healthcare occupancy
20
schools/ colleges/ tertiary institutions
5
others
5
Laundry
with machine operation
15
others
10
Lecture room
1.5
Library room
stack area
10
reading area
5
Lighting control room
theatres/ cinemas/ concert halls
5
others
5
Loading/ unloading area
4 per bay
Lobby
---
non-simultaneous
Locker room
---
non-simultaneous
Lounge
2.5
Machine/ printing room
10
Maisonettes, residential
15
Mechanical plant room
30
Meeting room
1.5
Mortuary
30
Multi-purpose hall/ room
school/ colleges
1
others
1.5
Multi-purpose sports hall
public sport complex
3
public swimming complex
3
stadium
3
others
3
Night club
1.5
including dine & dance area
Nursing station
10
Office
Admin/ general
10
director/ manager room
15
drafting room/ area
5
Operation theatre
7.5
Orchestral pit
1.5
Out-patient waiting area
1.5
Packing/ distribution area
10
Pantry
---
non-simultaneous
Passenger arrival/ departure areas
Bus/ Airport/ Ferry terminal or station
1.5
Patient accommodation
intensive care
20
room
10
ward
10
Pedestrian linkways (aboveground or underground)
with commercial activities
2
building to Rapid Transit Stations (e.g., Mass Rapid Transit (MRT)) without commercial activities
3.5
building to building without commercial activities
5
standalone type without commercial activities
---
non-simultaneous
Pharmacy
staff area
10
public waiting area
2
Prayer hall
1.5
Pre-function room
---
non-simultaneous
Production area
10
automated or non-automated
Projection room
theatres/ cinemas/ concert halls
5
others
5
Promotion area
1.5
Pub
1
Reading room
5
Reception area
3
Recreation room
1.5
Refreshment area
1.5
Restroom
---
non-simultaneous
Restaurant
1.5
Roof
---
access for maintenance only
Roof garden/ roof terrace, private
---
non-simultaneous part of individual residential unit
Roof garden/ roof terrace, public
health/ exercise corner
5
with exercise equipment
jogging track/ designated foot path<=3m in width
3
planter box <300m high
1.5
planter box =>300mm
---
fully covered with trees/ shrubs
planter box =>300mm & <= 500mm high
1.5
turf
planter box >500mm high
---
without step/ ramp access
sunken/ elevated water feature <300mm in depth/height
3
permanent or fixed structure
sunken/ elevated water feature =>300mm in depth/height
---
permanent or fixed structure
sunken planting area
---
fully covered with trees/ shrubs
sunken planting area
1.5
turf
other areas
1.5
Seminar room
1.5
Server room
30
Service area
10
Shop
5
Showroom
5
Sick room
---
non-simultaneous
Skating rink
rink area
3
spectator area
1.5
Snack bar
1.5
Society room
1.5
Spa
5
include areas for weight training, aerobics, massage, sauna/steam bath and whirlpools
Squash court
2 per court
Staff office
10
Storage area
30
Staff canteen
1.5
Staff lounge
3
Stage, front/ back
schools/ colleges/ tertiary institutions
3
theatres/ cinemas/ concert halls
---
non-simultaneous
Storage/ store room
30
Swimming pool
condominium/ apartment
5
hotel
---
private club
---
public sports complex
2.5
public swimming complex
2.5
serviced apartment
---
Swimming pool deck
condominium/apartment
10
hotel
10
private club
10
public sports complex
5
public swimming complex
5
serviced apartment
10
Supermarket
5
Therapy centre
10
Ticketing office
10
Toilet
---
non-simultaneous
Trading floor
2
Training area
public sports complex
3
public swimming complex
3
stadium
3
Treatment room
5
Visitors lounge
3
Waiting area
3
Workshop
institutional
5
industrial
10
Note
:
- All functional spaces shall be computed based on accessible floor area for the calculation of occupant load, unless specifically exempted under the “Remarks” column
- The functional spaces stated above are non-exhaustive. Usage of other occupancy load factor is only allowed if permitted by SCDF
Updated 3 Sep 2025
Government officials will NEVER ask you to transfer money or disclose bank log-in details over a phone call. Call the 24/7 ScamShield Helpline at 1799 if you are unsure if something is a scam. For details, visit the
ScamShield website
.
To help businesses reduce regulatory compliance costs, SCDF will implement three-year Fire Certificate (FC) validity periods for renewal applications from 1 Apr 2026 onwards. Please refer to the
SCDF Fire Certificate
webpage for more information.
The Civil Defence Heritage Gallery and Emergency Preparedness Centre will reopen to the public from 21 Apr 2026. The weekly Saturday morning Fire Station Open House will also be resumed with effect from 25 Apr 2026.
1
/
3
Clause 1.1 Scope
Clause 1.2 Codes and Standards
Clause 1.3 Abbreviations
Clause 1.4 Definitions
Related Tables and Diagrams of Chapter 1
Hero banner for all pages except home page
Related Tables and Diagrams of Chapter 1
Fire Code 2023
.PDF,
19.69MB
Search Fire Code
Include in Search
Rationale
Explanations & Illustrations
Figures & Tables
Note to QP
Clear All
Please enter a keyword to search
TABLE 1.2A : CODES & STANDARDS
TABLE 1.2A : CODES & STANDARDS
Name
Description
Remarks
SINGAPORE STANDARDS
SS CP 52
CoP for Automatic Fire Sprinkler System
SS 99
Specifications for Welded Low Carbon Steel Cylinders for Storage and Transportation of Low-Pressure Liquefiable Gases
SS141
Specification for Unplasticised PVC pipe for Cold Water Services and Industrial Uses
SS 213
Unplasticised PVC Pipes and Fittings for Soil, Waste and Vent Application
SS 232 Pt 1 to 6
Portable Fire Extinguishers
Replaced by SS EN 3 - 7 to 10
SS 233
Specifications for Flexible Rubber Tubing, Rubber Hose and Rubber Hose Assemblies for Use in LPG Vapour Phase Installations
SS 254
Electrical Apparatus for Explosive Gas Atmospheres
Replaced by IEC 60079
SS 263
Pt 2
Luminaires -
Particular Requirements for Luminaires for Emergency Lighting
Replaced by IEC 60598-2-22
SS 281
Specifications for Pressure Regulators for LPG
SS 286
Caution Labelling for Hazardous Substances
Replaced by SS 586
SS 294
Specifications for Valves for Use with Domestic and Industrial LPG Cylinders
SS 299
Fire Resistant Cables
SS 332
Specification for Fire Door
SS 333
Specification for Fire Dampers
SS 489
Specification for Fire Shutters
SS 508
Graphical Symbols - Safety Colours & Safety Signs
Formerly SS 217 & SS 364
Pt 1
Design Principles for Safety Signs & Safety Markings
Pt 2
Design Principles for Product Safety Labels
SS 512
CoP for the design, construction and operation of pipeline service corridors
SS 532
CoP for the Storage of Flammable Liquids
Formerly CP 40
SS 535
CoP for Installation, Operation, Maintenance, Performance Constructional Requirements of Mains Failure Standby Generating Systems
Formerly CP 31
SS 546
CoP for Emergency Voice Communication Systems in Buildings
Formerly CP 25
SS 550
CoP for Installation, Operation and Maintenance of El Passenger and Goods Lifts
Formerly CP 2
SS 551
CoP for Earthing
Formerly CP 16
SS 563
CoP for the Design, Installation & Maintenance of Em Lighting and Power Supply Systems in Building
Formerly CP 19
Pt 1
Emergency lighting
Pt 2
Installation Requirements and Maintenance Procedures
SS 572
CoP for the Use of Timber in Buildings
F
ormerly CP 1
SS 575
CoP for Fire Hydrant, Rising Mains and Hose Reel System
F
ormerly CP 29
SS 578
CoP for the Use and Maintenance of Portable Fire Extinguishers
Formerly CP 55
SS 586
Specification for Hazard Communication for Hazardous Chemicals and Dangerous Goods
Replaces SS 286
SS 608
CoP for Gas Installation
Formerly CP 51
SS 634
CoP for Fire Safety for Open Plant Processing Facilities in Oil, Chemical and Process Industries
SS 638
CoP for Electrical Installations
Formerly CP 5
SS 641
CoP for Fire Safety for Laboratories Using Chemicals
SS 645
CoP for the Installation and Servicing of Electrical Fire Alarm Systems
Formerly CP 10
SS EN 3-7
Portable Fire Extinguishers -
Replaces SS 232 Pt 1 to 6
Part 7: Characteristics, performance requirements and test methods
SS EN 3-8
Portable Fire Extinguishers -
Part 8: Additional requirements to SS EN 3-7 for the construction, resistance to pressure and mechanical tests for extinguishers with a maximum allowable pressure equal to or lower than 30 bar
SS EN 3-9
Portable Fire Extinguishers -
Part 9: Additional requirements to SS EN 3-7 for pressure resistance if CO extinguishers
SS EN 3-10
Portable Fire Extinguishers -
Part 10: Provisions for evaluating the conformity of a portable fire extinguisher to SS EN 3-7
SS EN 1992
Design of Concrete Structures
Formerly CP 65
Pt 1
Planning and Performance Assessment of Electrical Energy Storage Systems – General Specification
Pt 2
Safety Considerations for Grid- Integrated EES Systems – General Specifications
TR 77
Electrical Energy Storage (EES) Systems
Pt 1
Planning and Performance Assessment of Electrical Energy Storage Systems – General Specification
Pt 2
Safety Considerations for Grid-integrated EES Systems – General Specification
AMERICAN STANDARDS
ANSI
American National Standard Institute
A14.3
American National Standards for Ladders - Fixed - Safety Requirements
ASTM D635
Standard Test Method for Rate of Burning and/ or Extent & Time of Burning of Plastics in a Horizontal Position
ASTM E108
Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof Coverings
ASTM E119
Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction & Materials
ASTM E 662
Standard Test Method for Specific Optical Density of Smoke Generated by Solid Materials
ASTM E814
Standard Test Method for Fire Tests of Penetration Firestop Systems
ASTM E2307
Standard Test Method for Determining Fire Resistance of Perimeter Fire Barriers Using Intermediate – Scale, Multi-story Test Apparatus
NFPA 16
Standard for the Installation of Foam-Water Sprinkler and Foam-Water Spray Systems
Formerly NFPA 16A
NFPA 30
Flammable & Combustible Liquids Code
NFPA 33
Standard for Spray Application Using Flammable or Combustible Materials
NFPA 45
Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals
NFPA 54
National Fuel Gas Code
NFPA 55
Compressed Gases and Cryogenic Fluids Code
NFPA 58
Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code
NFPA 251
Standard Methods of Tests of Fire Resistance of Building Construction & Materials
NFPA 253
Standard Method of Test for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor Covering Systems Using a Radiant heat Energy Source
NFPA 258
Recommended Practice for Determining Smoke Generation of Solid Material
NFPA 262
Standard Methods of Tests for Flame Travel and Smoke of Wires and Cables for Use in Air-Handling Spaces
NFPA 285
Standard Fire Test Method for Evaluation of Fire Propagation Characteristics of Exterior Wall Assemblies Containing Combustible Components
NFPA 400
Hazardous Materials Code
NFPA 430
Code for the Storage of Liquids & Solid Oxidizers
Replaced by NFPA 400
NFPA 432
Code for the Storage of Organic Peroxide Formulations
NFPA 495
Explosive Materials Code
NFPA 502
Standard for Road Tunnels, Bridges and other Limited Access Highways
NFPA 750
Standard on Water Mist Fire Protection Systems
NFPA 2001
Standard on Clean Agent Fire Protection Systems
UL 132
Standard for Safety Relief Valves for Anhydrous Ammonia and LP-Gas
UL 144
Standard for LP-Gas Regulators
UL 217
Standard for Smoke Alarms
UL 300
Standard for Fire Testing of Fire Extinguishing Systems for Protection of Commercial Cooking Equipment
UL 448
Standard for Safety Centrifugal Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection Service
UL 555
Fire Dampers
UL 924
Standard for Emergency Lighting and Power Equipment
AUSTRALIAN STANDARDS
AS 1530
Methods for Fire Tests on Building Materials, Components & Structures
Pt 4
Fire-resistance Test of Elements of Construction
AS 2208
Safety Glazing Materials in Buildings
AS/NZS 2293
Emergency Lighting and Exit Signs for Buildings
Pt 1
System Design, Installation and Operation
AS 2714
The Storage & Handling of Organic Peroxides
AS 2941
Fixed Fire Protection Installations - Pumpset Systems
AS 3786
Smoke Alarms Using Scattered Light, Transmitted Light or Ionization
AS 4391
Smoke Management Systems - Hot Smoke Test
AS 4326
The Storage & Handling of Oxidizng Agents
AS 4587
Water Mist Fire Protection Systems - System Design, Installation and Commissioning
BRITISH STANDARDS
BR 186
Design Principles for Smoke Ventilation in Enclosed Shopping Centres
Published by Fire Research Station, Building Research Establishment, Borehamwood, Herts WD62BL
BR 258
Design Approaches for Smoke Control in Atrium Buildings
BR 368
Design Methodologies for Smoke and Heat Exhaust Ventilation
Published by Construction Research Communications Ltd by permission of Building Re- search Establishment Ltd
BS 476
Fire Tests on Building Materials and Structures
Pt 3
Classification and Method of Test for External Fire Exposure to Roofs
Pt 4
Non-Combustibility Test for Materials
Pt 5
Method of Test for Ignitability
Pt 6
Method of Test for Fire Propagation for Products
Pt 7
Method of Test to Determine the Classification of the Surface Spread of Flame of Products
Pt 11
Method for Assessing the Heat Emission from Building Materials
Pt 20
Method for Determination of the Fire Resistance of Elements of Construction (General Principles)
Pt 21
Methods for Determination of the Fire Resistance of Load- Bearing Elements of Construction
Pt 22
Method for Determination of the Fire Resistance of Non-Load- Bearing Elements of Construction
Pt 23
Methods for Determination of the Contribution of Components to the Fire Resistance of a Structure
Pt 24
Method for Determination of the Fire Resistance of Ventilation Ducts
BS 1230
Pt 1
Specification for Plasterboard Excluding Materials Submitted to Secondary Operations
Replaced by BS EN 520
BS 2594
Specification for Carbon Steel Welded Horizontal Cylindrical Storage Tanks
Withdrawn
BS 3016
Specifications for Pressure Regulators for LPG
Replaced by BS EN 16219
BS 4514
Specification for Unplasticized PVC Soil and Ventilating Pipes of 82.4mm Minimum Mean Outside Diameter, and Fittings and Accessories of 82.4mm and of Other Sizes
BS 5041
Fire Hydrant Systems Equipment
Pt 1
Specification for Landing Valves for Wet Risers
Pt 3
Specification for Inlet Breechings for Dry Riser Inlets
BS 5234
Partitions (including matching linings)
Pt 2
Specification for Performance Requirements for Strength and Robustness including Methods of Test
BS 5345
Selection, Installation and Maintenance of Electrical Apparatus for Use in Potentially Explosive Atmosphere (Other than Mining Applications or Explosive Processing and Manufacturing)
Replaced by BS EN 60079-14
Pt 1
General Recommendations
Pt 3
Installation and Maintenance Requirements for Electrical Apparatus with Type of Protection ‘d’. Flameproof Enclosure
BS 5499
Fire Safety Signs, Notices and Graphic Symbols
Pt 2
Specification for Self-Luminous Fire Safety Signs
Withdrawn
BS 5588
Fire Precautions in the Design, Construction and Use of Buildings
Pt 5
CoP for Firefighting Stairways and Lifts
Withdrawn
BS 5852
Methods of Test for Assessment of the Ignitability of Upholstered Seating by Smouldering and Flaming Ignition Source
BS 6206
Specification for Impact Performance Requirements for Flat Safety Glass and Safety Plastics for Use in Buildings
Replaced by EN 12600
BS 6387
Test Method for Resistance to Fire of Cables Required to Maintain Circuit Integrity under Fire Conditions
BS 6391
Specification for Non-Percolating Layflat Delivery Hoses and Hose Assemblies for Fire Fighting Purposes
BS 7346
Components for Smoke and Heat Control Systems
Pt 2
Specification for Powered Smoke and Heat Exhaust Ventilators
Withdrawn
Pt 3
Specification for Smoke Curtains
Withdrawn
BS 7346
Components for Smoke and Heat Control Systems
Pt 7
CoP on Functional Recommendations and Calculation Methods for Smoke and Heat Control Systems for Covered Car Parks
BS 7846
Electric Cables. Thermosetting Insulated, Armoured, Fire-resistant Cables of Rated Voltage 600/1000V for Fixed Installations, Having Low Emission of Smoke and Corrosive Gases when Affected by Fire. Specification
BS 8202
Coatings for Fire Protection of Building Elements
Pt 2
CoP for the Use of Intumescent Coating Systems to Metallic Substrates for Providing Fire Resistance
EN 54
Fire Detection and Alarm Systems
Pt 2
Control and Indicating Equipment
Pt 4
Power Supply Equipment
BS EN 520
Gypsum Plasterboards. Definitions, Requirements and Test Methods
Replaces BS 1230 Pt 1
BS EN 12101-1
Smoke & Heat Control Systems – Specification for Smoke Barriers
Replaces BS 7346 Pt 3
BS EN 12101-3
Smoke & Heat Control Systems – Specification for Powered Smoke & Heat Control Ventilators (Fans)
Replaces BS 7346 Pt 2
BS EN 13501-1
Fire Test to Building Materials - Classification
BS EN 50054
Electrical Apparatus for the Detection and Measurement of Combustible Gases. - General Requirements and Test Methods
BS EN 50057
Electrical Apparatus for the Detection and Measurement of Combustible Gases. - Performance Requirements for Group II Apparatus Indicating up to 100% Lower Explosive Limit
BS EN 50272-2
Safety Requirements for Secondary Batteries and Battery Installations. Stationary Batteries
Withdrawn
BS EN 50272-3
Safety Requirements for Secondary Batteries and Battery Installations. - Traction Batteries
Withdrawn
BS EN 60079-14
Explosive Atmosphere. Electrical Installations Design, Selection and Erection
Replaces BS 5345 Pt 1 & 3
BS EN IEC 62485-2
Safety Requirements for Secondary Batteries and Battery Installations - Stationary Batteries
Replaces BS EN 50272-2
BS EN IEC 62485-3
Safety Requirements for Secondary Batteries and Battery Installations - Traction Batteries
Replaces BS EN 50272-3
EUROPEAN STANDARDS
EN ISO 1182
Reaction to Fire Tests for Products – Non-Combustibility Test
EN ISO 1716
Reaction to Fire Tests for Building Products - Determination of the Gross Heat of Combustion (Calorific Value)
EN ISO 11925 – 2
Reaction to Fire Tests – Ignitability of Products subjected to Direct Impingement of Flame - Part: Single Flame Source Test
EN ISO 5659
Plastics – Smoke Generation
Pt 2
Determination of Optical Density by a Single-chamber Test
EN 3
Portable Fire Extinguishers
Pt 8
Additional Requirements to EN 3 – 7 for the Construction, Resistance to Pressure and Mechanical Tests for extinguishers with a Maximum Allowable Pressure Equal to or Lower than 30 Bar
Pt 9
Additional Requirements to EN 3 – 7 for Pressure Resistance of C0
2
Extinguishers
EN 54 - 2
Fire Detection and Alarm Systems - Control and Indicating Equipment
EN 54 - 4
Fire Detection and Alarm Systems - Power Supply Equipment
EN 81 - 58
Safety Rules for the Construction and Installation of Lifts. Examination and Tests
Pt 58
Landing Doors Fire Resistance Test
EN 179
Building Hardware – Emergency Exit Devices Operated by a Lever Handle or Push Pad
EN 520
Gypsum Plasterboards – Definitions, Requirements and Test Methods
EN 671 - 1
Fixed Firefighting Systems. Hose Systems. Hose Reels with Semi-Rigid Hose
EN 1125
Building Hardware – Panic Exit Devices Operated by a Horizontal Bar
EN 1154
Building Hardware – Controlled Door Closing Devices
EN 1155
Electrically Powered Hold Open Devices for Swing Doors
EN 1158
Building Hardware – Door Coordinator Devices – Requirements and Test Standards
EN 1303
Building Hardware – Cylinders for Locks
EN 1363
Fire Resistance Tests. General Requirements
EN 1364
Fire Resistance Test for Non-loadbearing Elements
Pt 1
Walls
EN 1365
Fire Resistance Test for Loadbearing Elements. Floors and Roofs
EN 1366
Fire Resistance Test for Service Installations
Pt 1
Ventilation Ducts
Pt 3
Penetration Seals
Pt 4
Linear Joint Seals
Pt 8
Smoke Extraction Ducts
Pt 9
Single Compartment Smoke Extraction Ducts
EN 1634-1
Fire Resistance and Smoke Control Tests for Door and Shutter Assemblies, Openable Windows and Elements of Building Hardware
Pt 1
Fire Resistance Test for Door and Shutter Assemblies and Openable Window
EN 1751
Ventilation for Buildings – Air Terminal Devices – Aerodynamic Testing of Damper and Valves
EN 1906
Building Hardware. Lever Handles and Knob Furniture. Requirements and Test Method
EN 1935
Building Hardware. Single-axis Hinges. Requirements and Test Methods
EN 12051
Building Hardware. Door and Window Bolts. Requirements and Test Methods
EN 12101
Smoke and Heat Control Systems
Pt 1
Specification for Smoke Barriers
EN 12209
Building Hardware. Mechanically Operated Locks and Locking plates. Requirements and Test Methods
EN 12600
Glass in Building. Pendulum Test. Impact Test Method and Classification for Flat Glass
EN 13501
Fire Classification of Construction Products and Building Elements
Pt 5
Classification Using Data from External Fire Exposure to Roofs Tests
EN 13823
Reaction to Fire Tests for Building Products - Building Products excluding Floorings exposed to the Thermal Attack by a Single Burning Item
EN 14041
Resilient, Textile and Laminate Floor Coverings. Essential Characteristics
EN 14064 - 1
Thermal Insulation Products for Buildings. IN-situ Formed Loose-fill Mineral Wool (MW) Products. Specifications for the Loose-fill Products Before Insulation
EN 14064
Smoke Alarm Devices
EN 14846
Building Hardware. Locks and Latches. Electromechanically Operated Locks and Striking Plates. Requirements and Test Methods
EN 15684
Building Hardware – Mechatronic Cylinders – Requirements and Test Methods
EN 16623
Paints and Varnishes. Reactive Coatings for Fire Protection of Metallic Substrates. Definitions, Requirements, Characteristics and Marking
EN 45545
Railway Applications – Fire protection on Railway Vehicles
Pt 2
Determination of Optical Density by a Single-chamber Test
IEC STANDARDS
IEC 60079
Explosive Atmospheres
IEC 60331
Tests for Electric Cables Under Fire Conditions – Circuit Integrity
Pt 25
Procedures and Requirements – Optical Fibre Cables
IEC 60332
Tests on Electric and Optical Fibre Cables Under Fire Conditions – All Parts
Pt 1
Test for Vertical Flame Propagation for a Single Insulated Wire or Cable - Apparatus
Pt 3
Test for Vertical Flame Spread of Vertically-Mounted Bunched Wires or Cable - Apparatus
IEC 60598-2-22
Luminaries – Part 2-22: Particular Requirements - Luminaries for Emergency Lighting
IEC 60754
Test on gases Evolved during Combustion of Materials From Cables
Pt 1
Determination of the Halogen Acid Gas Content
IEC 61034
Measurement of Smoke Density of Cables Burning Under Defined Conditions
IEC 61730
Photovoltaic (PV) Module for Safety Qualification
Pt 2
Requirements for Testing
ISO STANDARDS
ISO 834
Fire resistance Tests - Elements of Building Construction
Pt 1
General Requirements
Pt 5
Specific Requirements for Loadbearing Horizontal Separating Elements
Pt 7
Specific Requirements for Columns
Pt 8
Specific Requirements for Non-loadbearing Vertical Separating Elements
Pt 9
Specific Requirements for Non-loadbearing Ceiling Elements
ISO 1896
Thermal Insulating Asbestos Boards
ISO 3864
Graphical Symbols – Safety Colours and Safety Signs
Pt 1
Design Principles for Safety Signs and Safety Markings
Pt 2
Design Principles for Product Safety Labels
Pt 3
Design Principles for Graphical Symbols for Use in Safety Signs
ISO 5149
Refrigerating Systems and Heat Pumps - Safety and Environment Requirements
ISO 5167
Measurement of Fluid Flow by Means of Differential Pressure Devices
ISO 7010
Graphical Symbols – Safety Colours and Safety Signs – Registered Safety Signs
ISO 7244
Air Distribution and Air Diffusion – Aerodynamic Testing of Dampers and Valves
ISO 30061
Emergency Lighting
FACTORY MUTUAL RESEARCH COPORATION
FM 1311
Centrifugal Fire Pumps Spilt-close Type (Axial or Radial)
FM 1319
Centrifugal Fire Pumps (Horizontal, END Suction Type)
Note
:
- The Standards stated above are non-exhaustive,
- SCDF shall not be held responsible for the accuracy of the standard titles shown in Table.
TABLE 1.3A : ABBREVIATIONS
TABLE 1.3A : ABBREVIATIONS
Abbreviation
Definition
ACMV
Air-Conditioning & Mechanical Ventilation
AFA
Accessible Floor Area
AHJ
Authority Having Jurisdiction
ANSI
American National Standards Institute
AS
Australian Standard
ASHRAE
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating & Air-conditioning Engineers
ASTM
American Society for Testing and Materials
BRE
Building Research Establishment
BS
British Standard
BSL
Bio-Safety Level
CD
Civil Defence
CoC
Certificate of Conformity
CoP
Code of Practice
Cl.
Clause
CERT
Company Emergency Response Team
DIN
German Institute for Standardization
DoC
Declaration of Compliance
EC
Exit Capacity
EN
European Standard
FAMCP
Fully Automated Mechanised Car Park
FCC
Fire Command Centre
FM
Factory Mutual
FMRC
Factory Mutual Research Corporation
FSC
Fire Safety Certificate
FSE
Fire Safety Engineer
HFAD
Home Fire Alarm Device
HR
Hour
IEC
International Electrotechnical Commission
ISO
International Organisation for Standardisation
LPG
Liquid Petroleum Gas
MAQ
Maximum Allowable Quantity
MCST
Management Corporation Strata Title
MRA
Mutual Recognition Arrangement
MSDS
Material Safety Data Sheet
MV
Mechanical Ventilation
NFPA
National Fire Protection Association
NoA
Notice of Approval
NZS
New Zealand Standard
ODA
Outdoor Display Area
OL
Occupant Load
ORA
Outdoor Refreshment Area
PE
Professional Engineer
PG
Purpose Group
PLS
Product Listing Scheme
Pt
Part
PWDs
Persons With Disabilities
QP
Qualified Person
RI
Registered Inspector
SAC
Singapore Accreditation Council
SCDF
Singapore Civil Defence Force
SS
Singapore Standard
SS EN
Singapore Standard implementation of a European Standard
TFP
Temporary Fire Permit
UL
Underwriters Laboratories
VIFDS
Video Image Fire Detection System
WHO
World Health Organisation
TABLE 1.4A : DESIGNATION OF PURPOSE GROUPS
TABLE 1.4A : DESIGNATION OF PURPOSE GROUPS
Purpose Group (PG)
Descriptive Title
Purpose for which building or part of the building is used or intended to be used
I
Small residential
Residential dwelling house, such as:
• bungalow
• detached house
• semi-detached house
• terrace house
II
Other residential
Accommodation for residential purposes other than any premises comprised in PG I, such as:
• apartment
• cluster housing
• condominium
• flat
• maisonette
• town house
III
Institutional
Establishments used for treatment, care or maintenance of persons suffering from disabilities, such as:
• community hospital
• convalescent home
• home for intellectually disabled
• home for the aged
• home for the spastic
• hospice
• hospital
• psychiatric hospital
• nursing home
Establishments used for care or maintenance of young/ dependent persons, such as:
• children's home
• correction centre
• daycare centre
• detention centre
• dialysis centre
• infant-care centre
• rehabilitation centre
• school for the spastic
• senior activity centre
• orphanage
Establishments used for educational/ training purposes, such as:
• college
• commerical/ private • school
• enrichment centre
• kindergarten/nursery
• military camp
• polytechnic
• public school
• tuition centre
• university
• vocational institution
Establishments used for worker lodging purposes, such as:
• workers' dormitory
IV
Office
Premises/ areas/ spaces/ floors used for the purposes of administration and clerical work, or as premises occupied with an office for the purposes of the activities therein carried on, such as:
• banking
• insurance
• publisher
• stock broker
• telephone/ telegraph operating
V
Shop
Premises/ areas/ spaces/ floors used for the following purposes (and/or any other similar trades or businesses):
• beauty salon
• book store
• boutique
• confectionary outlet
• departmental store
• drugstore
• gift shop
• hairdressing salon
• jewellery shop
• laundry
• outpatient clinic
• pawnshop
• pet shop/ clinic
• polyclinic
• provisional shop
• shopping arcade
• shopping centre
• show flat
• showrooms for sale of goods
• supermarket
• take-away F&B • outlet/ kiosk
• ticketing agency
• travel agency
VI
Factory
Premises/ areas/ spaces/ floors with manufacturing, processing, servicing or testing activities, such as:
• aircraft hangar
• chemicals
• consumable products
• data/ server centre
• electrical switching/ transmitting
• fireworks
• food products
• glassware
• highly combustible substances
• highly flammable products
• incineration
• metalwork
• oil refinery
• pharmaceutical
• power generation
• recycling
• rubber
• ship building
• telecommunication exchange
• vehicle
repair/ servicing
• wafer
• waste treatment/ pumping
• woodwork
VII
Place of public resort
Premises/ areas/ spaces/ floors used for public accommodation purpose, such as:
• backpacker hotel
• boarding house
• hotel
• staff quarters
• holiday resort
• serviced apartment
• student hostel
Premises/ areas/ spaces/ floors used for educational purpose, such as:
• auditorium
• convention centre
• exhibition centre
• museum
• public art gallery
• public library
Premises used for social purpose such as:
• community centre
• private club
VII
Place of public resort
Premises/ areas/ spaces/ floors used for entertainment purpose, such as:
• casino
• cinema
• concert hall
• discotheque
• internet gaming centre
• karaoke lounge
• night club
• theatre
Premises/ areas/ spaces/ floors used for religious purpose, such as:
• church
• mosque
• temple
Premises/ areas/ spaces/ floors used for body treatment purpose, such as:
• body massage
• foot reflexology
• gymnasium
• Spa
Premises/ areas/ spaces/ floors used for recreational purpose, such as:
• amusement centre
• billiard/ snooker centre
• bowling centre
• roof garden/ terrace
• sky garden/ terrace
• public sport complex
• public swimming complex
• stadium
Premises/ areas/ spaces/ floors used for F&B purpose, such as:
• cafeteria
• canteen
• coffee shop
• eating house
• fast food outlet
• food court
• hawker centre
• Pub/ bar
• restaurant
Premises/ areas/ spaces/ floors used for transportation purpose, such as:
• airport terminal
• bus terminal
• ferry terminal
• train station
VIII
Storage
Premises/ areas/ spaces/ floors used for the purposes of storing, depositing or parking of goods, materials and/ or vehicles, such as:
• coldroom
• godown
• store
• vehicle park
• warehouse
Note
:
Requirements for buildings not listed in this Table, including but not limited to buildings used for the manufacture and/ or storage of highly combustible substances and/ or flammable liquids, etc., shall be consulted with the SCDF
TABLE 1.4B : OCCUPANT LOAD FACTORS
TABLE 1.4B : OCCUPANT LOAD FACTORS
FUNCTIONAL SPACES
FACTOR (m
2
/person)
REMARKS
Amusement park
1
excluding machine areas
Apartment, residential
15
Area of refuge
ambulatory care facility
1.4
custodian care facility
1.4
hospital
2.8
hospital
0.56
for area of refuge without patient accommodation
nursing care facility
2.8
nursing care facility
0.56
for area of refuge without patient accommodation
supervisory care facility
0.56
Archive room
reading area
5
stack area
10
Atrium floor
3
Audio visual area
3
Auditorium/ theatre
With individual fixed seating
1.5
occupant load can be based on number of fixed seating
With fixed bench seating
---
occupant load based on 450mm of length of the benches per person
Audio visual control room for theatres/ cinemas/ concert halls
5
Ball room
1.5
Banking hall
3
Bar/ pub
1
Bath room
---
non-simultaneous
Bazaar
5
Billiards room
5
Book/ general storage
30
Bowling alley
1
excluding bowling lanes
Business centre/ office
10
Cafeteria
1.5
Canteen
1.5
including staff canteen
Car parking area
30
Changing room
---
non-simultaneous
Children playground
5
including playground equipment
Classroom
Computer classroom
1.5
Nursery classroom for children under 7 years of age
1.5
or higher OL factor as required by the authority having jurisdiction
Others
1.5
Club room
1.5
Concourse
3
Conference room
1.5
Consultant room
5
Common room
1.5
Computer room
5
Corridor
---
non-simultaneous
Crematoria
1.5
Dance studio
5
Department store
5
Deposit/strong room
30
Design studio
5
Detention room
3
Dining area
Hawker centre
1.5
Fast food outlet
1
others
1.5
Discotheque
1
including dine & dance area
Examination room
5
Exposition/ Trade fair area
1.5
Fast food outlet
1
Filing room/ store
10
Foyer
Bus/ Airport/ Ferry terminal or station
1.5
Fitness club/ centre
5
Function room
1.5
Gallery
exhibits
2.5
choir
1.5
prayer
1.5
seating
1.5
occupant load can be based on number of fixed seating
trading
1.5
viewing
1.5
surgical viewing
3
General storage
30
Goods storage
30
Grandstand/ seating area
1.5
Guestroom/ accommodation unit
Dormitory
4.2
or occupant load factor between 3.6m
2
/person and 4.2m
2
/person if permitted by the authority having jurisdiction
(sleeping area & living area only, excluding toilet, etc.)
Backpacker hotel/ hostel
3
max. 20 persons per room (including living area and excluding toilet, etc.)
Hotel, Boarding house,
Serviced apartment,
Student hostel,
Staff hostel/ quarter
15
min. 2 persons per room or 15m
2
/person, whichever OL is higher
Capsule hotel
3
maximum AFA of not exceeding 60m
2
; and
occupant load not exceeding 20 persons per guestroom
Gymnasium
3.5
Health club/ centre
5
Hobby room
1.5
Housekeeping
10
Indoor games room
1.5
Indoor sport hall
school with multi-purpose hall
3
school without multi-purpose hall
1
others
3
Karaoke lounge
1.5
including dine & dance areas
Kitchen/ service area
10
Laboratory
healthcare occupancy
20
schools/ colleges/ tertiary institutions
5
others
5
Laundry
with machine operation
15
others
10
Lecture room
1.5
Library room
stack area
10
reading area
5
Lighting control room
theatres/ cinemas/ concert halls
5
others
5
Loading/ unloading area
4 per bay
Lobby
---
non-simultaneous
Locker room
---
non-simultaneous
Lounge
2.5
Machine/ printing room
10
Maisonettes, residential
15
Mechanical plant room
30
Meeting room
1.5
Mortuary
30
Multi-purpose hall/ room
school/ colleges
1
others
1.5
Multi-purpose sports hall
public sport complex
3
public swimming complex
3
stadium
3
others
3
Night club
1.5
including dine & dance area
Nursing station
10
Office
Admin/ general
10
director/ manager room
15
drafting room/ area
5
Operation theatre
7.5
Orchestral pit
1.5
Out-patient waiting area
1.5
Packing/ distribution area
10
Pantry
---
non-simultaneous
Passenger arrival/ departure areas
Bus/ Airport/ Ferry terminal or station
1.5
Patient accommodation
intensive care
20
room
10
ward
10
Pedestrian linkways (aboveground or underground)
with commercial activities
2
building to Rapid Transit Stations (e.g., Mass Rapid Transit (MRT)) without commercial activities
3.5
building to building without commercial activities
5
standalone type without commercial activities
---
non-simultaneous
Pharmacy
staff area
10
public waiting area
2
Prayer hall
1.5
Pre-function room
---
non-simultaneous
Production area
10
automated or non-automated
Projection room
theatres/ cinemas/ concert halls
5
others
5
Promotion area
1.5
Pub
1
Reading room
5
Reception area
3
Recreation room
1.5
Refreshment area
1.5
Restroom
---
non-simultaneous
Restaurant
1.5
Roof
---
access for maintenance only
Roof garden/ roof terrace, private
---
non-simultaneous part of individual residential unit
Roof garden/ roof terrace, public
health/ exercise corner
5
with exercise equipment
jogging track/ designated foot path<=3m in width
3
planter box <300m high
1.5
planter box =>300mm
---
fully covered with trees/ shrubs
planter box =>300mm & <= 500mm high
1.5
turf
planter box >500mm high
---
without step/ ramp access
sunken/ elevated water feature <300mm in depth/height
3
permanent or fixed structure
sunken/ elevated water feature =>300mm in depth/height
---
permanent or fixed structure
sunken planting area
---
fully covered with trees/ shrubs
sunken planting area
1.5
turf
other areas
1.5
Seminar room
1.5
Server room
30
Service area
10
Shop
5
Showroom
5
Sick room
---
non-simultaneous
Skating rink
rink area
3
spectator area
1.5
Snack bar
1.5
Society room
1.5
Spa
5
include areas for weight training, aerobics, massage, sauna/steam bath and whirlpools
Squash court
2 per court
Staff office
10
Storage area
30
Staff canteen
1.5
Staff lounge
3
Stage, front/ back
schools/ colleges/ tertiary institutions
3
theatres/ cinemas/ concert halls
---
non-simultaneous
Storage/ store room
30
Swimming pool
condominium/ apartment
5
hotel
---
private club
---
public sports complex
2.5
public swimming complex
2.5
serviced apartment
---
Swimming pool deck
condominium/apartment
10
hotel
10
private club
10
public sports complex
5
public swimming complex
5
serviced apartment
10
Supermarket
5
Therapy centre
10
Ticketing office
10
Toilet
---
non-simultaneous
Trading floor
2
Training area
public sports complex
3
public swimming complex
3
stadium
3
Treatment room
5
Visitors lounge
3
Waiting area
3
Workshop
institutional
5
industrial
10
Note
:
- All functional spaces shall be computed based on accessible floor area for the calculation of occupant load, unless specifically exempted under the “Remarks” column
- The functional spaces stated above are non-exhaustive. Usage of other occupancy load factor is only allowed if permitted by SCDF
Updated 3 Sep 2025