C. N. R. Rao - Wikipedia
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Indian chemist (born 1934)
Not to be confused with
C. R. Rao
.
C. N. R. Rao
FNA
,
FASc
,
FRS
,
FTWAS
,
HonFRSC
,
MAE
,
HonFInstP
Professor Rao in 2013
Born
Chintamani Nagesa Ramachandra Rao
(
1934-06-30
)
30 June 1934
(age 91)
Bangalore
,
Kingdom of Mysore
,
British India
Alma mater
Mysore University
(
BS
)
Banaras Hindu University
(
MS
)
Purdue University
(
PhD
)
Awards
Bharat Ratna
(2014)
Padma Vibhushan
(1985)
Padma Shri
(1974)
Marlow Medal
(1967)
Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology
(1969)
Hughes Medal
(2000)
India Science Award
(2004)
Dan David Prize
(2005)
Legion of Honor
(2005)
Abdus Salam Medal
(2008)
Royal Medal
(2009)
Karnataka Ratna
(2001)
Order of Friendship
(2009)
National Order of Scientific Merit
(2012)
Order of the Rising Sun
(2015)
Von Hippel Award
(2017)
ENI award
(2020)
Scientific career
Fields
Solid-state chemistry
Institutions
Indian Space Research Organisation
IIT Kanpur
Indian Institute of Science
University of Oxford
University of Cambridge
University of California, Santa Barbara
Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
Website
www
.jncasr
.ac
.in
/cnrrao
/index
.html
Chintamani Nagesa Ramachandra Rao
[
1
]
[
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]
[
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]
[
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]
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(born 30 June 1934) is an Indian
chemist
who has worked mainly in
solid-state
and structural chemistry. He has honorary doctorates from 86 universities from around the world and has authored around 1,800 research publications and 58 books.
[
6
]
He is described as a scientist who had won all possible awards in his field except the
Nobel Prize
.
[
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]
[
8
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Rao completed his BSc from
Mysore University
at age seventeen, and his MSc from Banaras Hindu University at age nineteen. He earned a PhD from Purdue University at the age of twenty-four. He was the youngest lecturer when he joined the
Indian Institute of Science
in 1959.
[
9
]
After transferring to the
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
, he returned to
IISc
, eventually becoming its director from 1984 to 1994. He was chair of the Scientific Advisory Council to the Prime Minister of India from 1985 to 1989 and from 2005 to 2014. He founded and works in
Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
and International Centre for Materials Science.
Rao received scientific awards and honours including the
Marlow Medal
,
Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology
,
Hughes Medal
,
India Science Award
,
Dan David Prize
,
Royal Medal
,
Von Hippel Award
, and
ENI award
. He also received
Padma Shri
and
Padma Vibhushan
from the Government of India. On 16 November 2013, the Government of India selected him for
Bharat Ratna
, the highest civilian award in India, making him the third scientist after
C.V. Raman
and
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
[
10
]
to receive the award.
[
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]
[
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]
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]
He received the award on 4 February 2014 from President
Pranab Mukherjee
at the
Rashtrapati Bhavan
.
[
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]
[
15
]
Early life and education
C.N.R. Rao was born in a
Kannada
Deshastha Brahmin
family in
Bangalore
to Hanumantha Nagesa Rao and Nagamma Nagesa Rao.
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His father was an Inspector of Schools.
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He was an only child, and his learned parents made an academic environment. He was well versed in
Hindu literature
from his mother and in English from his father at an early age. He did not attend elementary school but was home-tutored by his mother, who was particularly skilled in arithmetic and Hindu literature. He entered middle school in 1940, at age six.
[
20
]
Although he was the youngest in his class, he used to tutor his classmates in mathematics and English. He passed the lower secondary examination (class VII) in the first class in 1944. He was ten years old, and his father rewarded him with four
annas
(twenty-five paisa). He attended Acharya Patashala high school in
Basavanagudi
, which made a lasting influence on his interest in chemistry. His father enrolled him to a
Kannada
-medium course to encourage his mother tongue, but at home used English for all conversation. He completed secondary school leaving certificate in first class in 1947. He studied BSc at
Central College, Bangalore
where he developed communication skills in English and also learned
Sanskrit
.
[
20
]
He obtained his bachelor's degree from
Mysore University
in 1951, in first class, at the age of seventeen. He initially thought of joining
Indian Institute of Science
(IISc) for a diploma or a postgraduate degree in
chemical engineering
, but a teacher persuaded him to attend
Banaras Hindu University
.
[
20
]
He obtained a master's in chemistry from BHU two years later.
[
9
]
In 1953, he was granted a scholarship for PhD in
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
. But four foreign universities,
MIT
,
Penn State
,
Columbia
and
Purdue
also offered him financial support. He chose Purdue. His first research paper was published in the
Agra University Journal of Research
in 1954. He completed PhD in 1958, only after two years and nine months.
[
20
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Career
After completion of his graduate studies, Rao returned to Bangalore in 1959 to take up a lecturing position, joining IISc and embarking on an independent research program. The facility at the time was so meagre that he described it, saying, "You would get string and sealing wax and that's about it."
[
9
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In 1963 he accepted a permanent position in the Department of Chemistry at the
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
. He was elected Fellow of the
Indian Academy of Sciences
in 1964. He returned to IISc in 1976 to establish a solid state and structural chemistry unit.
[
20
]
and became director of the IISc from 1984 to 1994. At various points in his career Rao has taken appointments as a visiting professor at Purdue University, the
University of Oxford
, the
University of Cambridge
and
University of California, Santa Barbara
. He was the Jawaharlal Nehru Professor at the University of Cambridge and Professorial Fellow at the
King's College, Cambridge
during 1983–1984.
[
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]
Rao has been working as the National Research Professor holding the positions
Linus Pauling
Research Professor and Honorary President of
Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
,
Bangalore
, which he founded in 1989.
[
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]
He had served as chair of the Scientific Advisory Council to the Indian Prime Minister for two terms, from 1985 to 1989 and from 2005 to 2014.
[
9
]
He is also the director of the International Centre for Materials Science (ICMS), which he founded in 2010, and serves on the board of the
Science Initiative Group
.
[
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]
Scientific contribution
Rao is one of the world's foremost
solid state
and
materials
chemists. He has contributed to the development of the field over five decades.
[
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His work on
transition metal oxides
has led to basic understanding of novel phenomena and the relationship between materials properties and the structural chemistry of these materials.
[
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]
Rao was one of the earliest to synthesise two-dimensional
oxide
materials such as La
2
CuO
4
. He was one of the first to synthesise 123 cuprates, the first liquid nitrogen-temperature superconductor in 1987. He was also the first to synthesis Y junction carbon nanotubes in the mid-1990s.
[
9
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His work has led to a systematic study of compositionally controlled metal-insulator transitions. Such studies have had a profound impact in application fields such as colossal magneto resistance and high temperature
superconductivity
. Oxide
semiconductors
have unusual promise. He has made immense contributions to nanomaterials over the last two decades, besides his work on hybrid materials.
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He shares co-authorship of more than 1800 research papers and has co-authored or edited more than 58 books.
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Awards and recognition
Fellowships and memberships of academic societies
Fellow of the
Indian Academy of Sciences
(FASc, 1965)
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1
]
Fellow of the
Indian National Science Academy
(FNA, 1974)
[
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]
Fellow of the Royal Society
(FRS, 1982)
[
2
]
Founding Fellow of
The World Academy of Sciences
(FTWAS, 1983)
[
3
]
Honorary Fellow of the
Royal Society of Chemistry
(Hon. FRSC, 1989)
[
4
]
Foreign
Member of the Academia Europaea
(MAE, 1997)
[
5
]
Honorary Fellow of the
Institute of Physics
(Hon.FInstP, 2007)
[
30
]
Member of many of the world's scientific associations, including the
National Academy of Sciences
,
American Academy of Arts and Sciences
,
Royal Society of Canada
,
French Academy
,
Japanese Academy
,
Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
and
Polish Academy of Sciences
,
Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences
,
Serbian Academy of Sciences
,
Slovenian Academy of Sciences
,
Brazilian Academy of Sciences
,
Spanish Royal Academy of Sciences
,
National Academy of Sciences of Korea
,
African Academy of Sciences
, and the
American Philosophical Society
.
[
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]
He is also a member of the
Pontifical Academy
.
Honorary doctorates
International:
Professor C.N.R. Rao has received numerous honorary degrees from universities worldwide in recognition of his contributions to science. In Africa, he was awarded a D.Sc. Honoris Causa by Stellenbosch University, South Africa, in 2007. Australia honored him with a D.Sc. Honoris Causa from the Australian National University in Canberra in 2015. In the United Kingdom, he received honorary degrees from the University of Wales (Cardiff), Liverpool, Oxford (2007), and St. Andrews University (2013).
In France, he was awarded Honoris Causa doctorates by the University of Bordeaux in 1983, the University of Caen in 2000, and Université Joseph Fourier in Grenoble in 2011. Other recognitions include a D.Sc. Honoris Causa from Wroclaw University in Poland (1989) and from Novosibirsk University and the Russian Academy of Sciences (Siberian Branch) in Russia (1999). Additionally, Sweden awarded him an Honoris Causa Doctorate from Uppsala University in 2000, and Sudan awarded a D.Sc. Honoris Causa from the University of Khartoum in 2002.
In the United States, he has received honorary doctorates from several universities, including Colorado, Northwestern, Notre Dame, Purdue, Temple, and others.
National
In India, Professor Rao's contributions have been acknowledged by a wide range of institutions. He has received honorary doctorates from major universities, including Aligarh University, Banaras Hindu University, Bangalore University, Calcutta University, Delhi University, Hyderabad University, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kanpur University, Mangalore University, Panjab University, and Roorkee University. Additionally, he has been honored by Visvesvaraya Technological University, Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) at Bombay, Kharagpur, Kanpur, New Delhi, and Guwahati, and the Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research (IISERs) in Bhopal, Kolkata, Mohali, and Pune. Notable recognitions also include an LL.D. (Honoris Causa) from Sri Venkateswara University, a D.Litt. from Guwahati University, the "Desikottama" award from Visva-Bharati University
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and The Assam Royal Global University, Guwahati 2022.
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Major scientific awards
1967:
Marlow Medal
by the
Faraday Society
of England
[
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1968:
Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology
in Chemical Science
[
34
]
2000: Centenary Medal of the Royal Society of Chemistry, London
[
34
]
2000:
Hughes Medal
by the
Royal Society
[
34
]
2004:
India Science Award
[
35
]
2005:
Dan David Prize
from Tel Aviv University
[
36
]
shared with
George Whitesides
and
Robert Langer
.
[
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]
2008: Abdus Salam Medal by
The World Academy of Sciences
(TWAS)
[
38
]
2009:
Royal Medal
by the Royal Society
[
34
]
2010: August-Wilhelm-von-Hofmann Medal by the
German Chemical Society
[
39
]
2017: The Von Hippel Award by the Materials Research Society
[
40
]
2021: International
ENI award
2020 for research in renewable energy sources and energy storage, also called the Energy Frontier award
[
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]
Scientific awards
1961: DSc from Mysore University.
1973: Yedanapalli Medal and Prize
[
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1975: C. V. Raman Award in Physical Science by the
University Grants Commission of India
[
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]
1980: S. N. Bose Medal by the
Indian National Science Academy
[
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]
1981:
Royal Society of Chemistry
(London) Medal
[
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]
1981: Founding member of the
World Cultural Council
[
45
]
1989: Heyrovsky Gold Medal of the
Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences
[
43
]
1990: Meghnath Saha Medal of the Indian National Science Academy
1996: Einstein Gold Medal of
UNESCO
[
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2004:
Doctor of Science
from
University of Calcutta
.
[
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2004: Somiya Award of the International Union of Materials Research.
[
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2008: Nikkei Asia Prize for Science, Technology and Innovation, by
Nihon Keizai Shimbun
, Inc., Japan.
[
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2008: Khwarizmi International Award 2008 for Innovation along with
Ajayan Vinu
[
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2011: Ernesto Illy Trieste Science Prize for materials research
[
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2013: 2012 Award for International Scientific Cooperation from the
Chinese Academy of Sciences
[
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]
2013: Elected honorary foreign member of
Chinese Academy of Sciences
[
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]
2013: Distinguished Academician Award from
IIT Patna
[
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]
2016:
Asian Scientist 100
,
Asian Scientist
2018: Platinum Medal from Indian Association of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
[
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]
[
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2019: The first Sheikh Saud International Prize for Materials Research from the
Center for Advanced Materials
of the United Arab Emirates
[
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2020:
ENI award
for Energy Frontiers
[
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]
Foreign fellow of
Bangladesh Academy of Sciences
[
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]
Indian governmental honours
1974
–
Padma Shri
, India's fourth-highest civilian award.
Padma Vibhushan
in 1985
Karnataka Ratna
by the
Karnataka State Government
in 2000
[
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]
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]
Bharat Ratna
in 2014
[
14
]
[
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Foreign honours
Brazil
:
Great Cross of the National Order of Scientific Merit
(2002)
[
44
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France
:
Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur
(2005)
[
44
]
Japan
: Gold and Silver Star of the
Order of the Rising Sun
(2015)
Russia
:
Order of Friendship
(2009)
[
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Legacy
Rao with his wife established the CNR Rao Education Foundation using the Dan David Prize money.
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The foundation is based in Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research and offers Best Science Teacher Award to pre-university and high school science teachers.
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Rao established the International Centre for Materials Science (ICMS) which offers the C N R Rao Prize Lecture in Advanced Materials since 2010.
[
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The World Academy of Sciences
instituted the TWAS-C.N.R. Rao Award for Scientific Research since 2006 for scientists in the least developed countries.
[
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The
Shanmugha Arts, Science, Technology & Research Academy
has created the
SASTRA-CNR Rao Award
for Chemistry and Material Science in 2014.
[
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Personal life
Rao is married to Indumati Rao since 1960. They have two children, Sanjay and Suchitra. Sanjay works as a science populariser in schools around Bangalore.
[
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]
Suchitra is married to
Krishna N. Ganesh
, the director of the
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) at Pune
, Maharashtra.
[
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]
Rao is
technophobic
and he never checks his email by himself. He also said that he uses the mobile phone only to talk to his wife.
[
66
]
Controversies
In 1987, Rao and his team published a series of four papers, of which three were in the
Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences
(
Chemical Science
)
,
Pramana
, and
Current Science
, all published by the Indian Academy of Sciences.
[
67
]
A report was submitted to the Society for Scientific Values that the three papers had no mention of the dates of receipt, which were normally explicitly mentioned in those journals.
[
68
]
Upon inquiry, it was found that the paper manuscripts were actually received after the date of publication, indicating that they were backdated. The society declared the case as "Use of Wrong Means to Claim Priority."
[
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]
Rao has been subject of allegations on
plagiarism
.
[
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]
[
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]
[
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]
In 2011, Rao's research team at the
Indian Institute of Science (IISc)
published a paper in the journal
Advanced Materials
which the journal editors later found to contain sentences copied verbatim in the introduction and methodology from a paper published in
Applied Physics Letters
in 2010.
[
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]
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]
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An review in
Nature
reported that a student wrote the text.
[
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]
The authors apologized in the same journal.
[
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Rao said that he did read the manuscript and that it was an oversight on his part as he focused mainly on the results and discussion.
[
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Other scientists reviewing the research agreed that the plagiarised portion had no bearing on the findings.
[
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]
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Rao described the content as copying text, but not plagiarism.
[
77
]
[
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]
Still, as senior scientist and corresponding author, Rao took responsibility for the error.
[
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]
[
77
]
More allegations of instances of plagiarism in articles co-authored Rao have been reported.
[
80
]
Rao's paper in 2010 about the effect of
nanoparticles
on solar cells in
Applied Physics Express
[
81
]
contains texts that are very similar to those of a paper by Matheu
et al.
from
Applied Physics Letters
in 2008.
[
82
]
[
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]
An article in the Journal of Luminescence in 2011,
[
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]
contains 20 unattributed lines which appear to be copied from articles in
Nanotechnology
and
Advanced Materials
, while a few lines of Rao's article in Nanotechnology were found to be copied from
Applied Physics Letters
.
[
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]
[
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]
Rao had stated, referring to the 2011 incident, that he had never before stolen an idea without giving credit.
[
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Rao was given a Bharat Ratna by the Government of India in spite of the controversy and was active as a professor at Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR).
[
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]
In December 2013, a student group filed a
public interest litigation
in
Allahabad High Court
, Lucknow Bench, to challenge Rao's Bharat Ratna. They asserted that "a scientist with proven cases of plagiarism shall not be presented the highest civilian award."
[
87
]
But the court ruled them out as "filing pleas for publicity."
[
88
]
There was another plea to revoke the award in 2015, but the
Central Information Commission
dismissed the petition.
[
89
]
On 17 November 2013, at a press conference following the announcement of his Bharat Ratna, Rao called the Indian politicians "idiots" which caused a national outrage. He said, "Why the hell have these idiots [politicians] given so little to us despite what we have done? For the money that the government has given us we [scientists] have done much more."
[
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]
In his defence Rao insisted that he merely talked about the "idiotic" way the politicians ignore investments for research funding in science.
[
91
]
References
^
a
b
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. Indian Academy of Sciences
. Retrieved
12 February
2022
.
^
a
b
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. The Royal Society
. Retrieved
12 February
2022
.
^
a
b
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. The World Academy of Sciences
. Retrieved
12 February
2022
.
^
a
b
"Royal Society of Chemistry: Our Honorary Fellows"
. Royal Society of Chemistry
. Retrieved
12 February
2022
.
^
a
b
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. Academia Europaea
. Retrieved
13 February
2022
.
^
a
b
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.
^
Sathyamurthy, N.; Rao, C. N. R. (2019). "Face to Face with Professor C N R Rao".
Resonance
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(7):
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791.
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:
10.1007/s12045-019-0840-2
.
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.
^
Pulakkat, Hari (18 November 2013).
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.
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. Retrieved
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.
^
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(PDF)
.
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.
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^
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.
The Hindu
. Retrieved
12 February
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.
^
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.
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. 16 November 2013
. Retrieved
16 November
2013
.
^
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.
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. New Delhi. 16 November 2013. Archived from
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. Retrieved
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.
^
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.
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. Retrieved
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.
^
a
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.
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.
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.
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. 4 February 2014
. Retrieved
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.
^
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. Times of India
. Retrieved
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2013
.
^
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. Outlook India
. Retrieved
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2013
.
^
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.
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. 16 November 2013
. Retrieved
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2013
.
^
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.
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. Retrieved
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.
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.
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. Retrieved
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.
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.
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. Archived from the original on 13 August 2016
. Retrieved
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.
^
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.
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. Retrieved
17 November
2013
.
^
Madur (4 February 2014).
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.
karnataka.com
. Retrieved
30 July
2014
.
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a
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c
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.
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. Retrieved
3 June
2013
.
^
Rao, C N R (1989). "Transition Metal Oxides".
Annual Review of Physical Chemistry
.
40
(1):
291–
326.
Bibcode
:
1989ARPC...40..291R
.
doi
:
10.1146/annurev.pc.40.100189.001451
.
^
Rao, C. N. R.; Cheetham, A. K. (23 November 2001). "Science and technology of nanomaterials: current status and future prospects".
Journal of Materials Chemistry
.
11
(12):
2887–
2894.
doi
:
10.1039/b105058n
.
^
Rao, C N R; Cheetham, A K; Thirumurugan, A (27 February 2008). "Hybrid inorganic-organic materials: a new family in condensed matter physics".
Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter
.
20
(8) 083202.
doi
:
10.1088/0953-8984/20/8/083202
.
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.
^
ABC (24 November 2011).
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.
abc.org.br
. The Brazilian Academy of Sciences. Archived from
the original
on 22 February 2014
. Retrieved
3 June
2013
.
^
"Indian Fellow: Professor Chintamani Nagesa Ramachandra Rao"
. Indian National Science Academy
. Retrieved
12 February
2022
.
^
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. Institute of Physics
. Retrieved
12 February
2022
.
^
"APS Member History"
.
search.amphilsoc.org
. Retrieved
16 December
2021
.
^
"Satyarthi's '3D' model: Dream, discover, do"
.
Times of India
. 21 February 2015
. Retrieved
3 October
2015
.
^
Eastmojo, Team (30 March 2022).
"Assam Royal Global University confers 1723 degrees in 1st convocation"
.
Eastmojo
.
^
a
b
c
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. Retrieved
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. Caluniv.ac.in. Retrieved 13 March 2012
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"Somiya Award for C.N.R. Rao"
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^
"Khwarizmi International Award 21st Session −2008 – Khwarizmi International Award (KIA)"
.
123.54
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"CNR Rao is 1st Indian elected for Chinese Academy of Science"
.
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^
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.
^
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2018
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^
"IANN Platinum Medal: First Awardee Prof C N R Rao – Indian Association of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IANN)"
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2018
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^
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^
"Karnataka Government"
.
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^
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2013
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^
"Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research"
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www.jncasr.ac.in
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^
"Materials Research Society of India"
.
www.mrsi.org.in
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^
"TWAS-C.N.R. Rao Award for Scientific Research"
.
TWAS
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2020
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^
"SASTRA-CNR Rao Award to be presented on February 28"
.
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. 4 January 2014
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"C.N.R Rao, scientist par excellence (Profile)"
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"
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"PM's science adviser apologises for plagiarism in science journal – Times of India"
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"Plagiarism cloud over CNR Rao"
.
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^
"CNR Rao, 3 others in plagiarism row"
.
Deccan Herald
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2018
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^
Ghosh, Surajit; Sarker, Biddut K.; Chunder, Anindarupa; Zhai, Lei; Khondaker, Saiful I. (19 April 2010). "Position dependent photodetector from large area reduced graphene oxide thin films".
Applied Physics Letters
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96
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arXiv
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1002.3191
.
Bibcode
:
2010ApPhL..96p3109G
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doi
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10.1063/1.3415499
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119238834
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Basant Chitara; L. S. Panchakarla; S. B. Krupanidhi; C. N. R. Rao (2011).
"Infrared Photodetectors Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide and Graphene Nanoribbons"
.
Advanced Materials
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5424.
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2011AdM....23.5419C
.
doi
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10.1002/adma.201101414
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PMID
21786342
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37028643
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Pallela, Kamalakar; Talari, Sneha (2016). "Plagiarism: A serious ethical issue for Indian students".
2016 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)
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1–
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doi
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10.1109/ISTAS.2016.7764048
.
ISBN
978-1-5090-2498-8
.
S2CID
34978602
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Jayaraman, K. S. (24 February 2012).
"Indian science adviser caught up in plagiarism row"
.
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doi
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10.1038/nature.2012.10102
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S2CID
178887072
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Chitara, Basant; Panchakarla, L. S.; Krupanidhi, S. B.; Rao, C. N. R. (1 December 2011).
"Apology: Infrared Photodetectors Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide and Graphene Nanoribbons"
.
Advanced Materials
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:
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.
doi
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^
a
b
c
d
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"No Science in cut and paste"
.
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. Archived from
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^
Subramanian, Aishhwariya (22 February 2012).
"Plagiarism row: Scientists swear by honesty"
.
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.
Deccan Herald
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Prasad, R. (11 March 2012).
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.
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Bhat, S. Venkataprasad; Krupanidhi, S. B.; Rao, C. N. R. (22 October 2010).
"A Comparative Study of the Effect of Metallic Au and ReO 3 Nanoparticles on the Performance of Silicon Solar Cells"
(PDF)
.
Applied Physics Express
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(11) 115001.
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.
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2020
.
^
Matheu, P.; Lim, S. H.; Derkacs, D.; McPheeters, C.; Yu, E. T. (15 September 2008). "Metal and dielectric nanoparticle scattering for improved optical absorption in photovoltaic devices".
Applied Physics Letters
.
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(11): 113108.
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:
2008ApPhL..93k3108M
.
doi
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10.1063/1.2957980
.
^
Chitara, Basant; Lal, Nidhi; Krupanidhi, S.B.; Rao, C.N.R. (2011). "Electroluminescence from GaN–polymer heterojunction".
Journal of Luminescence
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131
(12):
2612–
2615.
Bibcode
:
2011JLum..131.2612C
.
doi
:
10.1016/j.jlumin.2011.04.027
.
^
Chitara, Basant; Ivan Jebakumar, D S; Rao, C N R; Krupanidhi, S B (7 October 2009). "Negative differential resistance in GaN nanocrystals above room temperature".
Nanotechnology
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20
(40) 405205.
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:
2009Nanot..20N5205C
.
doi
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10.1088/0957-4484/20/40/405205
.
PMID
19738301
.
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206055962
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.
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2020
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"Rao C.N.R – Home"
.
www.jncasr.ac.in
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2018
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^
"PIL filed by class 12 students against Bharat Ratna to CNR Rao to be heard today"
.
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. 5 December 2013
. Retrieved
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2020
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^
"Meet Mr & Mrs Petition Thakur"
.
The Indian Express
. 20 August 2018
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3 March
2020
.
^
"Mrsubhash Chandra Agrawal vs Ministry Of Home Affairs on 16 February, 2016"
.
indiankanoon.org
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3 March
2020
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^
"All you need to know about Bharat Ratna awardee CNR Rao"
.
Firstpost.India
. 18 November 2013
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2013
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^
"CNR Rao does damage control after outbursts; Jaipal Reddy agrees with Rao's views on funding"
.
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. 18 November 2013.
Archived
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2013
.
Further reading
C.N.R. Rao (2010).
Climbing the Limitless Ladder: A Life in Chemistry
. World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., Singapore.
ISBN
9814307866
External links
Wikiquote has quotations related to
C. N. R. Rao
.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
C. N. R. Rao
.
Academic profile at the Pontifical Academy of Sciences
Dan David Prize laureate 2005
Prof. CNR Rao @ JNCASR
Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
C.N.R. Rao Hall of Science
Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit
v
t
e
1900s recipients of the
Padma Shri
in science and engineering
1950s
Kshitish Ranjan Chakravorty
(1954)
Habib Rahman
(1955)
Laxman Mahadeo Chitale
(1957)
Ram Prakash Gehlote
(1957)
Krishnaswami Ramiah
(1957)
Bal Raj Nijhawan
(1958)
Benjamin Peary Pal
(1958)
Navalpakkam Parthasarthy
(1958)
Surendranath Kar
(1959)
Om Prakash Mathur
(1959)
Homi Sethna
(1959)
1960s
Anil Kumar Das
(1960)
A. S. Rao
(1960)
M. G. K. Menon
(1961)
Brahm Prakash
(1961)
Man Mohan Suri
(1961)
Paramananda Acharya
(1964)
Vishnu Madav Ghatage
(1965)
Satish Dhawan
(1966)
Maganbhai Ramchhodbhai Patel
(1967)
Hermenegild Santapau
(1967)
M. S. Swaminathan
(1967)
Guduru Venkatachalam
(1967)
Raja Ramanna
(1968)
Nautam Bhatt
(1969)
Amrik Singh Cheema
(1969)
T. V. Mahalingam
(1969)
1970s
P. R. Pisharoty
(1970)
Moti Lal Dhar
(1971)
Zafar Futehally
(1971)
Devendra Lal
(1971)
Charles Correa
(1972)
N. Kesava Panikkar
(1973)
Govind Swarup
(1973)
Achyut Kanvinde
(1974)
Suchitra Mitra
(1974)
C. N. R. Rao
(1974)
Sitaram Rao Valluri
(1974)
Rajagopala Chidambaram
(1975)
Shambhu Dayal Sinvhal
(1976)
B. R. Deodhar
(1976)
B. V. Doshi
(1976)
Atmaram Bhairav Joshi
(1976)
Janaki Ammal
(1977)
Jugal Kishore Choudhury
(1977)
Prafulla Kumar Jena
(1977)
Vishwa Gopal Jhingran
(1977)
Sibte Hasan Zaidi
(1977)
1980s
Hari Krishan Jain
(1981)
Gurcharan Singh Kalkat
(1981)
Dinkar Gangadhar Kelkar
(1981)
Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan
(1982)
Satya Prakash
(1982)
V. Narayana Rao
(1982)
Saroj Raj Choudhury
(1983)
Hassan Nasiem Siddiquie
(1983)
María Renée Cura
(1984)
Vasant Gowarikar
(1984)
Pramod Kale
(1984)
Nilamber Pant
(1984)
Myneni Hariprasada Rao
(1984)
M. R. Srinivasan
(1984)
Predhiman Krishan Kaw
(1985)
P. V. S. Rao
(1987)
Ramadas P. Shenoy
(1987)
Saroj Ghose
(1989)
Palle Rama Rao
(1989)
1990s
Ram Narain Agarwal
(1990)
Laurie Baker
(1990)
M. R. Kurup
(1990)
Rakesh Bakshi
(1991)
B. L. Deekshatulu
(1991)
Narinder Kumar Gupta
(1991)
Shri Krishna Joshi
(1991)
Raghunath Anant Mashelkar
(1991)
Govindarajan Padmanaban
(1991)
Bangalore Puttaiya Radhakrishna
(1991)
A. V. Rama Rao
(1991)
Ganeshan Venkataraman
(1991)
Madhava Ashish
(1992)
G. S. Venkataraman
(1992)
Kailash Sankhala
(1992)
Vinod Prakash Sharma
(1992)
Joseph Allen Stein
(1992)
Manmohan Attavar
(1998)
Priyambada Mohanty Hejmadi
(1998)
Anil Kakodkar
(1998)
Aditya Narayan Purohit
(1998)
V. K. Saraswat
(1998)
Asis Datta
(1999)
Indira Nath
(1999)
M. S. Ramakumar
(1999)
M. V. Rao
(1999)
S. K. Sikka
(1999)
v
t
e
Recipients of
Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology
in
Chemical Science
1960s
Tuticorin Raghavachari Govindachari
(1960)
Asima Chatterjee
(1961)
S. C. Bhattacharyya
(1962)
B. D. Tilak
(1963)
Sukh Dev
(1964)
Sadhan Basu
&
R. C. Mehrotra
(1965)
Nanduri Atchuta Ramaiah
(1966)
Mushi Santappa
(1967)
C. N. R. Rao
(1968)
A. C. Jain
(1969)
1970s
P. T. Narasimhan
(1970)
M. M. Dhar
(1971)
S. V. Kessar
(1972)
A. P. B. Sinha
(1972)
M. V. George
(1973)
H. B. Mathur
(1973)
U. R. Ghatak
(1974)
K. Nagarajan
(1974)
D. S. Bhakuni
(1975)
Animesh Chakravorty
(1975)
Devadas Devaprabhakara
(1976)
Mihir Chowdhury
(1977)
S. Ranganathan
(1977)
Girjesh Govil
(1978)
Goverdhan Mehta
(1978)
1980s
D. Balasubramanian
(1981)
B. M. Deb
(1981)
C. L. Khetrapal
(1982)
G. S. R. Subba Rao
(1982)
Samaresh Mitra
(1983)
Naba Kishore Ray
(1983)
Paramasivam Natarajan
(1984)
K. J. Rao
(1984)
P. Balaram
(1986)
Debashis Mukherjee
(1987)
Kaushal Kishore
(1988)
Srinivasan Chandrasekaran
(1989)
M. K. Chaudhuri
(1989)
1990s
B. M. Choudary
(1990)
N. Sathyamurthy
(1990)
Biman Bagchi
(1991)
J. S. Yadav
(1991)
Sumit Bhaduri
(1992)
Suryanarayanasastry Ramasesha
(1992)
S. R. Gadre
(1993)
T. Ramasami
(1993)
E. D. Jemmis
(1994)
D. D. Sarma
(1994)
Jayaraman Chandrasekhar
(1995)
K. L. Sebastian
(1995)
Narayanan Chandrakumar
(1996)
Mariappan Periasamy
(1996)
Kankan Bhattacharyya
(1997)
Adusumilli Srikrishna
(1997)
A. R. Chakravarty
(1998)
K. N. Ganesh
(1998)
Ganesh Prasad Pandey
(1999)
Deb Shankar Ray
(1999)
2000s
Sourav Pal
(2000)
Pradeep Mathur
(2000)
Uday Maitra
(2001)
T. K. Chandrashekar
(2001)
Murali Sastry
(2002)
T. K. Chakraborty
(2002)
Santanu Bhattacharya
(2003)
S. Ramakrishnan
(2005)
Srinivasan Sampath
(2006)
K. George Thomas
(2006)
Amalendu Chandra
(2007)
A. Ajayghosh
(2007)
Thalappil Pradeep
(2008)
Jarugu Narasimha Moorthy
(2008)
Charusita Chakravarty
(2009)
Narayanaswamy Jayaraman
(2009)
2010s
Swapan Kumar Pati
(2010)
Sandeep Verma
(2010)
Balasubramanian Sundaram
(2011)
Garikapati Narahari Sastry
(2011)
Gangadhar J. Sanjayan
(2012)
Govindasamy Mugesh
(2012)
Yamuna Krishnan
(2013)
Kavirayani Ramakrishna Prasad
(2014)
Souvik Maiti
(2014)
Pradyut Ghosh
(2015)
D. Srinivasa Reddy
(2015)
Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
(2016)
G. Naresh Patwari
(2017)
Swadhin Kumar Mandal
(2018)
Rahul Banerjee
(2018)
Tapas Kumar Maji
(2019)
2020s
Subi Jacob George
(2020)
Jyotirmayee Dash
(2020)
Kanishka Biswas
(2021)
T Govindaraju
(2021)
Akkattu T. Biju
(2022)
Debabrata Maiti
(2022)
v
t
e
Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar
Laureates of
Karnataka
Biological Sciences
Sunil Kumar Podder
Manchanahalli Rangaswamy Satyanarayana Rao
Srinivas Kishanrao Saidapur
M. R. N. Murthy
Kalappa Muniyappa
Vishweshwaraiah Prakash
K. VijayRaghavan
V. Nagaraja
Dinakar Mashnu Salunke
Raghavan Varadarajan
Amitabh Joshi
Balasubramanian Gopal
Rishikesh Narayanan
Chemical Sciences
Chintamani Nagesa Ramachandra Rao
Kalya Jagannath Rao
Biman Bagchi
Suryanarayanasastry Ramasesha
Jayaraman Chandrasekhar
Akhil Ranjan Chakravarty
Krishna N. Ganesh
Uday Maitra
Tavarekere Kalliah Chandrashekar
Tushar Kanti Chakraborty
Santanu Bhattacharya
Siva Umapathy
Subramaniam Ramakrishnan
Srinivasan Sampath
Balasubramanian Sundaram
Yamuna Krishnan
Kavirayani Ramakrishna Prasad
Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean and Planetary Sciences
Shankar Doraiswamy
Engineering Sciences
Roddam Narasimha
Mangalore Anantha Pai
Udipi Ramachandra Rao
Vallampadugai Srinivasa Raghavan Arunachalam
Dipankar Banerjee
Atul Chokshi
Giridhar Madras
Jayant Haritsa
N. Ravishankar
Venkata Padmanabhan
Neelesh B. Mehta
Mathematical Sciences
Siva Athreya
Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao
Mudumbai Seshachalu Narasimhan
Shrikrishna Gopalrao Dani
Tyakal Nanjundiah Venkataramana
Vasudevan Srinivas
Sujatha Ramdorai
Kaushal Kumar Verma
K. Sandeep
Medical Sciences
Nuggehalli Raghuveer Moudgal
Perdur Radhakantha Adiga
P. N. Rangarajan
K. Narayanaswamy Balaji
Physical Sciences
Raja Ramanna
Narasimhaiengar Mukunda
N. V. Madhusudana
A. M. Jayannavar
Sriram Ramaswamy
Avinash Deshpande
Madan Rao
Srikanth Sastry
Abhishek Dhar
Umesh Waghmare
Arindam Ghosh
(*)By birth - (#)By ethnicity - (!)By domicile
v
t
e
Recipients of
Bharat Ratna
Award
1954–1960
C. Rajagopalachari
,
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
, and
C. V. Raman
(1954)
Bhagwan Das
,
M. Visvesvaraya
, and
Jawaharlal Nehru
(1955)
Govind Ballabh Pant
(1957)
Dhondo Keshav Karve
(1958)
1961–1980
Bidhan Chandra Roy
, and
Purushottam Das Tandon
(1961)
Rajendra Prasad
(1962)
Zakir Husain
, and
Pandurang Vaman Kane
(1963)
Lal Bahadur Shastri
(1966)
Indira Gandhi
(1971)
Varahagiri Venkata Giri
(1975)
K. Kamaraj
(1976)
Mother Teresa
(1980)
1981–2000
Vinoba Bhave
(1983)
Abdul Ghaffar Khan
(1987)
M. G. Ramachandran
(1988)
B. R. Ambedkar
, and
Nelson Mandela
(1990)
Rajiv Gandhi
,
Vallabhbhai Patel
, and
Morarji Desai
(1991)
Abul Kalam Azad
,
J. R. D. Tata
and
Satyajit Ray
(1992)
Gulzarilal Nanda
,
Aruna Asaf Ali
, and
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
(1997)
M. S. Subbulakshmi
, and
C. Subramaniam
(1998)
Jayaprakash Narayan
,
Amartya Sen
,
Gopinath Bordoloi
, and
Ravi Shankar
(1999)
2001–2020
Lata Mangeshkar
, and
Bismillah Khan
(2001)
Bhimsen Joshi
(2008)
C. N. R. Rao
, and
Sachin Tendulkar
(2014)
Atal Bihari Vajpayee
, and
Madan Mohan Malaviya
(2015)
Nanaji Deshmukh
,
Bhupen Hazarika
, and
Pranab Mukherjee
(2019)
2021–2040
Karpoori Thakur
,
Lal Krishna Advani
,
Charan Singh
,
P. V. Narasimha Rao
, and
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C. N. R. Rao
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Indian chemist (born 1934)
Not to be confused with
C. R. Rao
.
C. N. R. Rao
FNA
,
FASc
,
FRS
,
FTWAS
,
HonFRSC
,
MAE
,
HonFInstP
Professor Rao in 2013
Born
Chintamani Nagesa Ramachandra Rao
(
1934-06-30
)
30 June 1934
(age 91)
Bangalore
,
Kingdom of Mysore
,
British India
Alma mater
Mysore University
(
BS
)
Banaras Hindu University
(
MS
)
Purdue University
(
PhD
)
Awards
Bharat Ratna
(2014)
Padma Vibhushan
(1985)
Padma Shri
(1974)
Marlow Medal
(1967)
Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology
(1969)
Hughes Medal
(2000)
India Science Award
(2004)
Dan David Prize
(2005)
Legion of Honor
(2005)
Abdus Salam Medal
(2008)
Royal Medal
(2009)
Karnataka Ratna
(2001)
Order of Friendship
(2009)
National Order of Scientific Merit
(2012)
Order of the Rising Sun
(2015)
Von Hippel Award
(2017)
ENI award
(2020)
Scientific career
Fields
Solid-state chemistry
Institutions
Indian Space Research Organisation
IIT Kanpur
Indian Institute of Science
University of Oxford
University of Cambridge
University of California, Santa Barbara
Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
Website
www
.jncasr
.ac
.in
/cnrrao
/index
.html
Chintamani Nagesa Ramachandra Rao
[
1
]
[
2
]
[
3
]
[
4
]
[
5
]
(born 30 June 1934) is an Indian
chemist
who has worked mainly in
solid-state
and structural chemistry. He has honorary doctorates from 86 universities from around the world and has authored around 1,800 research publications and 58 books.
[
6
]
He is described as a scientist who had won all possible awards in his field except the
Nobel Prize
.
[
7
]
[
8
]
Rao completed his BSc from
Mysore University
at age seventeen, and his MSc from Banaras Hindu University at age nineteen. He earned a PhD from Purdue University at the age of twenty-four. He was the youngest lecturer when he joined the
Indian Institute of Science
in 1959.
[
9
]
After transferring to the
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
, he returned to
IISc
, eventually becoming its director from 1984 to 1994. He was chair of the Scientific Advisory Council to the Prime Minister of India from 1985 to 1989 and from 2005 to 2014. He founded and works in
Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
and International Centre for Materials Science.
Rao received scientific awards and honours including the
Marlow Medal
,
Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology
,
Hughes Medal
,
India Science Award
,
Dan David Prize
,
Royal Medal
,
Von Hippel Award
, and
ENI award
. He also received
Padma Shri
and
Padma Vibhushan
from the Government of India. On 16 November 2013, the Government of India selected him for
Bharat Ratna
, the highest civilian award in India, making him the third scientist after
C.V. Raman
and
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
[
10
]
to receive the award.
[
11
]
[
12
]
[
13
]
He received the award on 4 February 2014 from President
Pranab Mukherjee
at the
Rashtrapati Bhavan
.
[
14
]
[
15
]
Early life and education
C.N.R. Rao was born in a
Kannada
Deshastha Brahmin
family in
Bangalore
to Hanumantha Nagesa Rao and Nagamma Nagesa Rao.
[
16
]
[
17
]
[
18
]
[
19
]
His father was an Inspector of Schools.
[
9
]
He was an only child, and his learned parents made an academic environment. He was well versed in
Hindu literature
from his mother and in English from his father at an early age. He did not attend elementary school but was home-tutored by his mother, who was particularly skilled in arithmetic and Hindu literature. He entered middle school in 1940, at age six.
[
20
]
Although he was the youngest in his class, he used to tutor his classmates in mathematics and English. He passed the lower secondary examination (class VII) in the first class in 1944. He was ten years old, and his father rewarded him with four
annas
(twenty-five paisa). He attended Acharya Patashala high school in
Basavanagudi
, which made a lasting influence on his interest in chemistry. His father enrolled him to a
Kannada
-medium course to encourage his mother tongue, but at home used English for all conversation. He completed secondary school leaving certificate in first class in 1947. He studied BSc at
Central College, Bangalore
where he developed communication skills in English and also learned
Sanskrit
.
[
20
]
He obtained his bachelor's degree from
Mysore University
in 1951, in first class, at the age of seventeen. He initially thought of joining
Indian Institute of Science
(IISc) for a diploma or a postgraduate degree in
chemical engineering
, but a teacher persuaded him to attend
Banaras Hindu University
.
[
20
]
He obtained a master's in chemistry from BHU two years later.
[
9
]
In 1953, he was granted a scholarship for PhD in
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
. But four foreign universities,
MIT
,
Penn State
,
Columbia
and
Purdue
also offered him financial support. He chose Purdue. His first research paper was published in the
Agra University Journal of Research
in 1954. He completed PhD in 1958, only after two years and nine months.
[
20
]
Career
After completion of his graduate studies, Rao returned to Bangalore in 1959 to take up a lecturing position, joining IISc and embarking on an independent research program. The facility at the time was so meagre that he described it, saying, "You would get string and sealing wax and that's about it."
[
9
]
In 1963 he accepted a permanent position in the Department of Chemistry at the
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
. He was elected Fellow of the
Indian Academy of Sciences
in 1964. He returned to IISc in 1976 to establish a solid state and structural chemistry unit.
[
20
]
and became director of the IISc from 1984 to 1994. At various points in his career Rao has taken appointments as a visiting professor at Purdue University, the
University of Oxford
, the
University of Cambridge
and
University of California, Santa Barbara
. He was the Jawaharlal Nehru Professor at the University of Cambridge and Professorial Fellow at the
King's College, Cambridge
during 1983–1984.
[
21
]
Rao has been working as the National Research Professor holding the positions
Linus Pauling
Research Professor and Honorary President of
Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
,
Bangalore
, which he founded in 1989.
[
22
]
He had served as chair of the Scientific Advisory Council to the Indian Prime Minister for two terms, from 1985 to 1989 and from 2005 to 2014.
[
9
]
He is also the director of the International Centre for Materials Science (ICMS), which he founded in 2010, and serves on the board of the
Science Initiative Group
.
[
23
]
Scientific contribution
Rao is one of the world's foremost
solid state
and
materials
chemists. He has contributed to the development of the field over five decades.
[
24
]
His work on
transition metal oxides
has led to basic understanding of novel phenomena and the relationship between materials properties and the structural chemistry of these materials.
[
25
]
Rao was one of the earliest to synthesise two-dimensional
oxide
materials such as La
2
CuO
4
. He was one of the first to synthesise 123 cuprates, the first liquid nitrogen-temperature superconductor in 1987. He was also the first to synthesis Y junction carbon nanotubes in the mid-1990s.
[
9
]
His work has led to a systematic study of compositionally controlled metal-insulator transitions. Such studies have had a profound impact in application fields such as colossal magneto resistance and high temperature
superconductivity
. Oxide
semiconductors
have unusual promise. He has made immense contributions to nanomaterials over the last two decades, besides his work on hybrid materials.
[
26
]
[
27
]
He shares co-authorship of more than 1800 research papers and has co-authored or edited more than 58 books.
[
6
]
[
24
]
[
28
]
Awards and recognition
Fellowships and memberships of academic societies
Fellow of the
Indian Academy of Sciences
(FASc, 1965)
[
1
]
Fellow of the
Indian National Science Academy
(FNA, 1974)
[
29
]
Fellow of the Royal Society
(FRS, 1982)
[
2
]
Founding Fellow of
The World Academy of Sciences
(FTWAS, 1983)
[
3
]
Honorary Fellow of the
Royal Society of Chemistry
(Hon. FRSC, 1989)
[
4
]
Foreign
Member of the Academia Europaea
(MAE, 1997)
[
5
]
Honorary Fellow of the
Institute of Physics
(Hon.FInstP, 2007)
[
30
]
Member of many of the world's scientific associations, including the
National Academy of Sciences
,
American Academy of Arts and Sciences
,
Royal Society of Canada
,
French Academy
,
Japanese Academy
,
Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
and
Polish Academy of Sciences
,
Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences
,
Serbian Academy of Sciences
,
Slovenian Academy of Sciences
,
Brazilian Academy of Sciences
,
Spanish Royal Academy of Sciences
,
National Academy of Sciences of Korea
,
African Academy of Sciences
, and the
American Philosophical Society
.
[
31
]
He is also a member of the
Pontifical Academy
.
Honorary doctorates
International:
Professor C.N.R. Rao has received numerous honorary degrees from universities worldwide in recognition of his contributions to science. In Africa, he was awarded a D.Sc. Honoris Causa by Stellenbosch University, South Africa, in 2007. Australia honored him with a D.Sc. Honoris Causa from the Australian National University in Canberra in 2015. In the United Kingdom, he received honorary degrees from the University of Wales (Cardiff), Liverpool, Oxford (2007), and St. Andrews University (2013).
In France, he was awarded Honoris Causa doctorates by the University of Bordeaux in 1983, the University of Caen in 2000, and Université Joseph Fourier in Grenoble in 2011. Other recognitions include a D.Sc. Honoris Causa from Wroclaw University in Poland (1989) and from Novosibirsk University and the Russian Academy of Sciences (Siberian Branch) in Russia (1999). Additionally, Sweden awarded him an Honoris Causa Doctorate from Uppsala University in 2000, and Sudan awarded a D.Sc. Honoris Causa from the University of Khartoum in 2002.
In the United States, he has received honorary doctorates from several universities, including Colorado, Northwestern, Notre Dame, Purdue, Temple, and others.
National
In India, Professor Rao's contributions have been acknowledged by a wide range of institutions. He has received honorary doctorates from major universities, including Aligarh University, Banaras Hindu University, Bangalore University, Calcutta University, Delhi University, Hyderabad University, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kanpur University, Mangalore University, Panjab University, and Roorkee University. Additionally, he has been honored by Visvesvaraya Technological University, Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) at Bombay, Kharagpur, Kanpur, New Delhi, and Guwahati, and the Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research (IISERs) in Bhopal, Kolkata, Mohali, and Pune. Notable recognitions also include an LL.D. (Honoris Causa) from Sri Venkateswara University, a D.Litt. from Guwahati University, the "Desikottama" award from Visva-Bharati University
[
32
]
and The Assam Royal Global University, Guwahati 2022.
[
33
]
[
24
]
[
21
]
Major scientific awards
1967:
Marlow Medal
by the
Faraday Society
of England
[
34
]
1968:
Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology
in Chemical Science
[
34
]
2000: Centenary Medal of the Royal Society of Chemistry, London
[
34
]
2000:
Hughes Medal
by the
Royal Society
[
34
]
2004:
India Science Award
[
35
]
2005:
Dan David Prize
from Tel Aviv University
[
36
]
shared with
George Whitesides
and
Robert Langer
.
[
37
]
2008: Abdus Salam Medal by
The World Academy of Sciences
(TWAS)
[
38
]
2009:
Royal Medal
by the Royal Society
[
34
]
2010: August-Wilhelm-von-Hofmann Medal by the
German Chemical Society
[
39
]
2017: The Von Hippel Award by the Materials Research Society
[
40
]
2021: International
ENI award
2020 for research in renewable energy sources and energy storage, also called the Energy Frontier award
[
41
]
Scientific awards
1961: DSc from Mysore University.
1973: Yedanapalli Medal and Prize
[
42
]
1975: C. V. Raman Award in Physical Science by the
University Grants Commission of India
[
42
]
1980: S. N. Bose Medal by the
Indian National Science Academy
[
43
]
1981:
Royal Society of Chemistry
(London) Medal
[
44
]
1981: Founding member of the
World Cultural Council
[
45
]
1989: Heyrovsky Gold Medal of the
Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences
[
43
]
1990: Meghnath Saha Medal of the Indian National Science Academy
1996: Einstein Gold Medal of
UNESCO
[
34
]
2004:
Doctor of Science
from
University of Calcutta
.
[
46
]
2004: Somiya Award of the International Union of Materials Research.
[
47
]
2008: Nikkei Asia Prize for Science, Technology and Innovation, by
Nihon Keizai Shimbun
, Inc., Japan.
[
48
]
2008: Khwarizmi International Award 2008 for Innovation along with
Ajayan Vinu
[
49
]
2011: Ernesto Illy Trieste Science Prize for materials research
[
34
]
2013: 2012 Award for International Scientific Cooperation from the
Chinese Academy of Sciences
[
50
]
2013: Elected honorary foreign member of
Chinese Academy of Sciences
[
51
]
2013: Distinguished Academician Award from
IIT Patna
[
52
]
2016:
Asian Scientist 100
,
Asian Scientist
2018: Platinum Medal from Indian Association of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
[
53
]
[
54
]
2019: The first Sheikh Saud International Prize for Materials Research from the
Center for Advanced Materials
of the United Arab Emirates
[
55
]
2020:
ENI award
for Energy Frontiers
[
56
]
Foreign fellow of
Bangladesh Academy of Sciences
[
43
]
Indian governmental honours
1974
–
Padma Shri
, India's fourth-highest civilian award.
Padma Vibhushan
in 1985
Karnataka Ratna
by the
Karnataka State Government
in 2000
[
57
]
[
58
]
Bharat Ratna
in 2014
[
14
]
[
15
]
Foreign honours
Brazil
:
Great Cross of the National Order of Scientific Merit
(2002)
[
44
]
France
:
Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur
(2005)
[
44
]
Japan
: Gold and Silver Star of the
Order of the Rising Sun
(2015)
Russia
:
Order of Friendship
(2009)
[
59
]
Legacy
Rao with his wife established the CNR Rao Education Foundation using the Dan David Prize money.
[
20
]
The foundation is based in Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research and offers Best Science Teacher Award to pre-university and high school science teachers.
[
60
]
Rao established the International Centre for Materials Science (ICMS) which offers the C N R Rao Prize Lecture in Advanced Materials since 2010.
[
61
]
The World Academy of Sciences
instituted the TWAS-C.N.R. Rao Award for Scientific Research since 2006 for scientists in the least developed countries.
[
62
]
The
Shanmugha Arts, Science, Technology & Research Academy
has created the
SASTRA-CNR Rao Award
for Chemistry and Material Science in 2014.
[
63
]
Personal life
Rao is married to Indumati Rao since 1960. They have two children, Sanjay and Suchitra. Sanjay works as a science populariser in schools around Bangalore.
[
64
]
Suchitra is married to
Krishna N. Ganesh
, the director of the
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) at Pune
, Maharashtra.
[
65
]
Rao is
technophobic
and he never checks his email by himself. He also said that he uses the mobile phone only to talk to his wife.
[
66
]
Controversies
In 1987, Rao and his team published a series of four papers, of which three were in the
Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences
(
Chemical Science
)
,
Pramana
, and
Current Science
, all published by the Indian Academy of Sciences.
[
67
]
A report was submitted to the Society for Scientific Values that the three papers had no mention of the dates of receipt, which were normally explicitly mentioned in those journals.
[
68
]
Upon inquiry, it was found that the paper manuscripts were actually received after the date of publication, indicating that they were backdated. The society declared the case as "Use of Wrong Means to Claim Priority."
[
67
]
Rao has been subject of allegations on
plagiarism
.
[
69
]
[
70
]
[
71
]
In 2011, Rao's research team at the
Indian Institute of Science (IISc)
published a paper in the journal
Advanced Materials
which the journal editors later found to contain sentences copied verbatim in the introduction and methodology from a paper published in
Applied Physics Letters
in 2010.
[
72
]
[
73
]
[
74
]
An review in
Nature
reported that a student wrote the text.
[
75
]
The authors apologized in the same journal.
[
76
]
Rao said that he did read the manuscript and that it was an oversight on his part as he focused mainly on the results and discussion.
[
75
]
Other scientists reviewing the research agreed that the plagiarised portion had no bearing on the findings.
[
77
]
[
78
]
Rao described the content as copying text, but not plagiarism.
[
77
]
[
79
]
Still, as senior scientist and corresponding author, Rao took responsibility for the error.
[
73
]
[
77
]
More allegations of instances of plagiarism in articles co-authored Rao have been reported.
[
80
]
Rao's paper in 2010 about the effect of
nanoparticles
on solar cells in
Applied Physics Express
[
81
]
contains texts that are very similar to those of a paper by Matheu
et al.
from
Applied Physics Letters
in 2008.
[
82
]
[
77
]
An article in the Journal of Luminescence in 2011,
[
83
]
contains 20 unattributed lines which appear to be copied from articles in
Nanotechnology
and
Advanced Materials
, while a few lines of Rao's article in Nanotechnology were found to be copied from
Applied Physics Letters
.
[
80
]
[
84
]
Rao had stated, referring to the 2011 incident, that he had never before stolen an idea without giving credit.
[
85
]
Rao was given a Bharat Ratna by the Government of India in spite of the controversy and was active as a professor at Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR).
[
86
]
In December 2013, a student group filed a
public interest litigation
in
Allahabad High Court
, Lucknow Bench, to challenge Rao's Bharat Ratna. They asserted that "a scientist with proven cases of plagiarism shall not be presented the highest civilian award."
[
87
]
But the court ruled them out as "filing pleas for publicity."
[
88
]
There was another plea to revoke the award in 2015, but the
Central Information Commission
dismissed the petition.
[
89
]
On 17 November 2013, at a press conference following the announcement of his Bharat Ratna, Rao called the Indian politicians "idiots" which caused a national outrage. He said, "Why the hell have these idiots [politicians] given so little to us despite what we have done? For the money that the government has given us we [scientists] have done much more."
[
90
]
In his defence Rao insisted that he merely talked about the "idiotic" way the politicians ignore investments for research funding in science.
[
91
]
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^
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.
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^
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.
^
"Mrsubhash Chandra Agrawal vs Ministry Of Home Affairs on 16 February, 2016"
.
indiankanoon.org
. Retrieved
3 March
2020
.
^
"All you need to know about Bharat Ratna awardee CNR Rao"
.
Firstpost.India
. 18 November 2013
. Retrieved
22 November
2013
.
^
"CNR Rao does damage control after outbursts; Jaipal Reddy agrees with Rao's views on funding"
.
The Times of India
. 18 November 2013.
Archived
from the original on 21 November 2013
. Retrieved
22 November
2013
.
Further reading
C.N.R. Rao (2010).
Climbing the Limitless Ladder: A Life in Chemistry
. World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., Singapore.
ISBN
9814307866
External links
Wikiquote has quotations related to
C. N. R. Rao
.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
C. N. R. Rao
.
Academic profile at the Pontifical Academy of Sciences
Dan David Prize laureate 2005
Prof. CNR Rao @ JNCASR
Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
C.N.R. Rao Hall of Science
Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit
v
t
e
1900s recipients of the
Padma Shri
in science and engineering
1950s
Kshitish Ranjan Chakravorty
(1954)
Habib Rahman
(1955)
Laxman Mahadeo Chitale
(1957)
Ram Prakash Gehlote
(1957)
Krishnaswami Ramiah
(1957)
Bal Raj Nijhawan
(1958)
Benjamin Peary Pal
(1958)
Navalpakkam Parthasarthy
(1958)
Surendranath Kar
(1959)
Om Prakash Mathur
(1959)
Homi Sethna
(1959)
1960s
Anil Kumar Das
(1960)
A. S. Rao
(1960)
M. G. K. Menon
(1961)
Brahm Prakash
(1961)
Man Mohan Suri
(1961)
Paramananda Acharya
(1964)
Vishnu Madav Ghatage
(1965)
Satish Dhawan
(1966)
Maganbhai Ramchhodbhai Patel
(1967)
Hermenegild Santapau
(1967)
M. S. Swaminathan
(1967)
Guduru Venkatachalam
(1967)
Raja Ramanna
(1968)
Nautam Bhatt
(1969)
Amrik Singh Cheema
(1969)
T. V. Mahalingam
(1969)
1970s
P. R. Pisharoty
(1970)
Moti Lal Dhar
(1971)
Zafar Futehally
(1971)
Devendra Lal
(1971)
Charles Correa
(1972)
N. Kesava Panikkar
(1973)
Govind Swarup
(1973)
Achyut Kanvinde
(1974)
Suchitra Mitra
(1974)
C. N. R. Rao
(1974)
Sitaram Rao Valluri
(1974)
Rajagopala Chidambaram
(1975)
Shambhu Dayal Sinvhal
(1976)
B. R. Deodhar
(1976)
B. V. Doshi
(1976)
Atmaram Bhairav Joshi
(1976)
Janaki Ammal
(1977)
Jugal Kishore Choudhury
(1977)
Prafulla Kumar Jena
(1977)
Vishwa Gopal Jhingran
(1977)
Sibte Hasan Zaidi
(1977)
1980s
Hari Krishan Jain
(1981)
Gurcharan Singh Kalkat
(1981)
Dinkar Gangadhar Kelkar
(1981)
Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan
(1982)
Satya Prakash
(1982)
V. Narayana Rao
(1982)
Saroj Raj Choudhury
(1983)
Hassan Nasiem Siddiquie
(1983)
María Renée Cura
(1984)
Vasant Gowarikar
(1984)
Pramod Kale
(1984)
Nilamber Pant
(1984)
Myneni Hariprasada Rao
(1984)
M. R. Srinivasan
(1984)
Predhiman Krishan Kaw
(1985)
P. V. S. Rao
(1987)
Ramadas P. Shenoy
(1987)
Saroj Ghose
(1989)
Palle Rama Rao
(1989)
1990s
Ram Narain Agarwal
(1990)
Laurie Baker
(1990)
M. R. Kurup
(1990)
Rakesh Bakshi
(1991)
B. L. Deekshatulu
(1991)
Narinder Kumar Gupta
(1991)
Shri Krishna Joshi
(1991)
Raghunath Anant Mashelkar
(1991)
Govindarajan Padmanaban
(1991)
Bangalore Puttaiya Radhakrishna
(1991)
A. V. Rama Rao
(1991)
Ganeshan Venkataraman
(1991)
Madhava Ashish
(1992)
G. S. Venkataraman
(1992)
Kailash Sankhala
(1992)
Vinod Prakash Sharma
(1992)
Joseph Allen Stein
(1992)
Manmohan Attavar
(1998)
Priyambada Mohanty Hejmadi
(1998)
Anil Kakodkar
(1998)
Aditya Narayan Purohit
(1998)
V. K. Saraswat
(1998)
Asis Datta
(1999)
Indira Nath
(1999)
M. S. Ramakumar
(1999)
M. V. Rao
(1999)
S. K. Sikka
(1999)
v
t
e
Recipients of
Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology
in
Chemical Science
1960s
Tuticorin Raghavachari Govindachari
(1960)
Asima Chatterjee
(1961)
S. C. Bhattacharyya
(1962)
B. D. Tilak
(1963)
Sukh Dev
(1964)
Sadhan Basu
&
R. C. Mehrotra
(1965)
Nanduri Atchuta Ramaiah
(1966)
Mushi Santappa
(1967)
C. N. R. Rao
(1968)
A. C. Jain
(1969)
1970s
P. T. Narasimhan
(1970)
M. M. Dhar
(1971)
S. V. Kessar
(1972)
A. P. B. Sinha
(1972)
M. V. George
(1973)
H. B. Mathur
(1973)
U. R. Ghatak
(1974)
K. Nagarajan
(1974)
D. S. Bhakuni
(1975)
Animesh Chakravorty
(1975)
Devadas Devaprabhakara
(1976)
Mihir Chowdhury
(1977)
S. Ranganathan
(1977)
Girjesh Govil
(1978)
Goverdhan Mehta
(1978)
1980s
D. Balasubramanian
(1981)
B. M. Deb
(1981)
C. L. Khetrapal
(1982)
G. S. R. Subba Rao
(1982)
Samaresh Mitra
(1983)
Naba Kishore Ray
(1983)
Paramasivam Natarajan
(1984)
K. J. Rao
(1984)
P. Balaram
(1986)
Debashis Mukherjee
(1987)
Kaushal Kishore
(1988)
Srinivasan Chandrasekaran
(1989)
M. K. Chaudhuri
(1989)
1990s
B. M. Choudary
(1990)
N. Sathyamurthy
(1990)
Biman Bagchi
(1991)
J. S. Yadav
(1991)
Sumit Bhaduri
(1992)
Suryanarayanasastry Ramasesha
(1992)
S. R. Gadre
(1993)
T. Ramasami
(1993)
E. D. Jemmis
(1994)
D. D. Sarma
(1994)
Jayaraman Chandrasekhar
(1995)
K. L. Sebastian
(1995)
Narayanan Chandrakumar
(1996)
Mariappan Periasamy
(1996)
Kankan Bhattacharyya
(1997)
Adusumilli Srikrishna
(1997)
A. R. Chakravarty
(1998)
K. N. Ganesh
(1998)
Ganesh Prasad Pandey
(1999)
Deb Shankar Ray
(1999)
2000s
Sourav Pal
(2000)
Pradeep Mathur
(2000)
Uday Maitra
(2001)
T. K. Chandrashekar
(2001)
Murali Sastry
(2002)
T. K. Chakraborty
(2002)
Santanu Bhattacharya
(2003)
S. Ramakrishnan
(2005)
Srinivasan Sampath
(2006)
K. George Thomas
(2006)
Amalendu Chandra
(2007)
A. Ajayghosh
(2007)
Thalappil Pradeep
(2008)
Jarugu Narasimha Moorthy
(2008)
Charusita Chakravarty
(2009)
Narayanaswamy Jayaraman
(2009)
2010s
Swapan Kumar Pati
(2010)
Sandeep Verma
(2010)
Balasubramanian Sundaram
(2011)
Garikapati Narahari Sastry
(2011)
Gangadhar J. Sanjayan
(2012)
Govindasamy Mugesh
(2012)
Yamuna Krishnan
(2013)
Kavirayani Ramakrishna Prasad
(2014)
Souvik Maiti
(2014)
Pradyut Ghosh
(2015)
D. Srinivasa Reddy
(2015)
Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
(2016)
G. Naresh Patwari
(2017)
Swadhin Kumar Mandal
(2018)
Rahul Banerjee
(2018)
Tapas Kumar Maji
(2019)
2020s
Subi Jacob George
(2020)
Jyotirmayee Dash
(2020)
Kanishka Biswas
(2021)
T Govindaraju
(2021)
Akkattu T. Biju
(2022)
Debabrata Maiti
(2022)
v
t
e
Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar
Laureates of
Karnataka
Biological Sciences
Sunil Kumar Podder
Manchanahalli Rangaswamy Satyanarayana Rao
Srinivas Kishanrao Saidapur
M. R. N. Murthy
Kalappa Muniyappa
Vishweshwaraiah Prakash
K. VijayRaghavan
V. Nagaraja
Dinakar Mashnu Salunke
Raghavan Varadarajan
Amitabh Joshi
Balasubramanian Gopal
Rishikesh Narayanan
Chemical Sciences
Chintamani Nagesa Ramachandra Rao
Kalya Jagannath Rao
Biman Bagchi
Suryanarayanasastry Ramasesha
Jayaraman Chandrasekhar
Akhil Ranjan Chakravarty
Krishna N. Ganesh
Uday Maitra
Tavarekere Kalliah Chandrashekar
Tushar Kanti Chakraborty
Santanu Bhattacharya
Siva Umapathy
Subramaniam Ramakrishnan
Srinivasan Sampath
Balasubramanian Sundaram
Yamuna Krishnan
Kavirayani Ramakrishna Prasad
Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean and Planetary Sciences
Shankar Doraiswamy
Engineering Sciences
Roddam Narasimha
Mangalore Anantha Pai
Udipi Ramachandra Rao
Vallampadugai Srinivasa Raghavan Arunachalam
Dipankar Banerjee
Atul Chokshi
Giridhar Madras
Jayant Haritsa
N. Ravishankar
Venkata Padmanabhan
Neelesh B. Mehta
Mathematical Sciences
Siva Athreya
Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao
Mudumbai Seshachalu Narasimhan
Shrikrishna Gopalrao Dani
Tyakal Nanjundiah Venkataramana
Vasudevan Srinivas
Sujatha Ramdorai
Kaushal Kumar Verma
K. Sandeep
Medical Sciences
Nuggehalli Raghuveer Moudgal
Perdur Radhakantha Adiga
P. N. Rangarajan
K. Narayanaswamy Balaji
Physical Sciences
Raja Ramanna
Narasimhaiengar Mukunda
N. V. Madhusudana
A. M. Jayannavar
Sriram Ramaswamy
Avinash Deshpande
Madan Rao
Srikanth Sastry
Abhishek Dhar
Umesh Waghmare
Arindam Ghosh
(*)By birth - (#)By ethnicity - (!)By domicile
v
t
e
Recipients of
Bharat Ratna
Award
1954–1960
C. Rajagopalachari
,
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
, and
C. V. Raman
(1954)
Bhagwan Das
,
M. Visvesvaraya
, and
Jawaharlal Nehru
(1955)
Govind Ballabh Pant
(1957)
Dhondo Keshav Karve
(1958)
1961–1980
Bidhan Chandra Roy
, and
Purushottam Das Tandon
(1961)
Rajendra Prasad
(1962)
Zakir Husain
, and
Pandurang Vaman Kane
(1963)
Lal Bahadur Shastri
(1966)
Indira Gandhi
(1971)
Varahagiri Venkata Giri
(1975)
K. Kamaraj
(1976)
Mother Teresa
(1980)
1981–2000
Vinoba Bhave
(1983)
Abdul Ghaffar Khan
(1987)
M. G. Ramachandran
(1988)
B. R. Ambedkar
, and
Nelson Mandela
(1990)
Rajiv Gandhi
,
Vallabhbhai Patel
, and
Morarji Desai
(1991)
Abul Kalam Azad
,
J. R. D. Tata
and
Satyajit Ray
(1992)
Gulzarilal Nanda
,
Aruna Asaf Ali
, and
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
(1997)
M. S. Subbulakshmi
, and
C. Subramaniam
(1998)
Jayaprakash Narayan
,
Amartya Sen
,
Gopinath Bordoloi
, and
Ravi Shankar
(1999)
2001–2020
Lata Mangeshkar
, and
Bismillah Khan
(2001)
Bhimsen Joshi
(2008)
C. N. R. Rao
, and
Sachin Tendulkar
(2014)
Atal Bihari Vajpayee
, and
Madan Mohan Malaviya
(2015)
Nanaji Deshmukh
,
Bhupen Hazarika
, and
Pranab Mukherjee
(2019)
2021–2040
Karpoori Thakur
,
Lal Krishna Advani
,
Charan Singh
,
P. V. Narasimha Rao
, and
M. S. Swaminathan
(2024)
v
t
e
Recipients
of
Padma Vibhushan
Arts
Ebrahim Alkazi
Kishori Amonkar
Prabha Atre
Amitabh Bachchan
Teejan Bai
M. Balamuralikrishna
T. Balasaraswati
S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
Asha Bhosle
Nandalal Bose
Hariprasad Chaurasia
Chiranjeevi
Dharmendra
Girija Devi
Kumar Gandharva
Adoor Gopalakrishnan
Satish Gujral
Gangubai Hangal
Bhupen Hazarika
M. F. Husain
Zakir Hussain
Ilaiyaraaja
Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer
Bhimsen Joshi
Ali Akbar Khan
Amjad Ali Khan
Allauddin Khan
Bismillah Khan
Ghulam Mustafa Khan
Yamini Krishnamurthy
Dilip Kumar
Kumudini Lakhia
R. K. Laxman
Birju Maharaj
Kishan Maharaj
Lata Mangeshkar
Sonal Mansingh
Mallikarjun Mansur
Zubin Mehta
Mario Miranda
Chhannulal Mishra
Kelucharan Mohapatra
Raghunath Mohapatra
Jasraj Motiram
Benode Behari Mukherjee
Hrishikesh Mukherjee
N. Rajam
Ram Narayan
D. K. Pattammal
K. Shankar Pillai
Balwant Moreshwar Purandare
Rajinikanth
Akkineni Nageswara Rao
Kaloji Narayana Rao
Satyajit Ray
S. H. Raza
Zohra Sehgal
Uday Shankar
Ravi Shankar
V. Shantaram
Shivkumar Sharma
Sharda Sinha
Umayalpuram K. Sivaraman
M. S. Subbulakshmi
L. Subramaniam
K. G. Subramanyan
Kapila Vatsyayan
Homai Vyarawalla
K. J. Yesudas
Civil service
Bimala Prasad Chaliha
Naresh Chandra
T. N. Chaturvedi
Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri
Suranjan Das
Rajeshwar Dayal
Basanti Devi
P. N. Dhar
Jyotindra Nath Dixit
M. S. Gill
Hafiz Mohamad Ibrahim
H. V. R. Iyengar
Bhola Nath Jha
Dattatraya Shridhar Joshi
Ajudhiya Nath Khosla
Rai Krishnadasa
V. Krishnamurthy
P. Prabhakar Kumaramangalam
Pratap Chandra Lal
K. B. Lall
Sam Manekshaw
Om Prakash Mehra
Mohan Sinha Mehta
M. G. K. Menon
Brajesh Mishra
Sumati Morarjee
A. Ramasamy Mudaliar
Sardarilal Mathradas Nanda
Chakravarthi V. Narasimhan
Braj Kumar Nehru
Bhairab Dutt Pande
Ghananand Pande
Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit
T. V. Rajeswar
C. R. Krishnaswamy Rao
Pattadakal Venkanna R. Rao
V. K. R. V. Rao
Bipin Rawat
Khusro Faramurz Rustamji
Harish Chandra Sarin
Binay Ranjan Sen
Homi Sethna
Arjan Singh
Harbaksh Singh
Kirpal Singh
Manmohan Singh
Tarlok Singh
Lallan Prasad Singh
Balaram Sivaraman
Chandrika Prasad Srivastava
T. Swaminathan
Arun Shridhar Vaidya
Dharma Vira
Narinder Nath Vohra
Literature and
education
V. S. R. Arunachalam
Jagdish Bhagwati
Satyendra Nath Bose
Tara Chand
Suniti Kumar Chatterji
D. P. Chattopadhyaya
Bhabatosh Datta
Avinash Dixit
Mahasweta Devi
John Kenneth Galbraith
Sarvepalli Gopal
Lakshman Shastri Joshi
Kaka Kalelkar
Dhondo Keshav Karve
Gopinath Kaviraj
Radheshyam Khemka
Kuvempu
O. N. V. Kurup
Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis
Sitakant Mahapatra
John Mathai
Kotha Satchidananda Murthy
Giani Gurmukh Singh Musafir
Basanti Dulal Nagchaudhuri
M. T. Vasudevan Nair
Bal Ram Nanda
P. Narayanan
R. K. Narayan
P. Parameswaran
Amrita Pritam
K. N. Raj
C. Rangarajan
Raja Rao
Ramoji Rao
Hormasji Maneckji Seervai
Rajaram Shastri
Kalu Lal Shrimali
Govindbhai Shroff
Khushwant Singh
Chandeshwar Prasad Narayan Singh
Premlila Vithaldas Thackersey
Mahadevi Varma
Bashir Hussain Zaidi
Medicine
Jasbir Singh Bajaj
B. K. Goyal
Purshotam Lal
A. Lakshmanaswami Mudaliar
S. I. Padmavati
Autar Singh Paintal
D. Nageshwara Reddy
Kantilal Hastimal Sancheti
Balu Sankaran
V. Shanta
Vithal Nagesh Shirodkar
Prakash Narain Tandon
Brihaspati Dev Triguna
M. S. Valiathan
Dilip Mahalanabis
Other
Sunderlal Bahuguna
B. K. S. Iyengar
Rambhadracharya
Ravi Shankar
Vishwesha Teertha
Jaggi Vasudev
B. V. Doshi
Public affairs
L. K. Advani
Montek Singh Ahluwalia
Aruna Asaf Ali
Fazal Ali
Adarsh Sein Anand
Madhav Shrihari Aney
Parkash Singh Badal
Sikander Bakht
Milon K. Banerji
Mirza Hameedullah Beg
P. N. Bhagwati
Raja Chelliah
Chandra Kisan Daphtary
Niren De
C. D. Deshmukh
Anthony Lancelot Dias
Uma Shankar Dikshit
Kazi Lhendup Dorjee
George Fernandes
P. B. Gajendragadkar
Benjamin Gilman
Ismaïl Omar Guelleh
Zakir Husain
V. R. Krishna Iyer
Jagmohan
Lakshmi Chand Jain
Arun Jaitley
Aditya Nath Jha
Murli Manohar Joshi
Anerood Jugnauth
Mehdi Nawaz Jung
Ali Yavar Jung
K. T. Thomas
Vijay Kelkar
Hans Raj Khanna
V. N. Khare
Jagdish Singh Khehar
Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher
Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai
S. M. Krishna
Jivraj Narayan Mehta
V. K. Krishna Menon
Hirendranath Mukherjee
Ajoy Mukherjee
Pranab Mukherjee
Padmaja Naidu
Venkaiah Naidu
Gulzarilal Nanda
Govind Narain
Fali Sam Nariman
Hosei Norota
Nanabhoy Palkhivala
K. Parasaran
Hari Vinayak Pataskar
Sunder Lal Patwa
Sharad Pawar
Naryana Raghvan Pillai
Sri Prakasa
N. G. Ranga
Ravi Narayana Reddy
Y. Venugopal Reddy
Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq
Lakshmi Sahgal
P. A. Sangma
M. C. Setalvad
Kalyan Singh
Karan Singh
Nagendra Singh
Swaran Singh
Walter Sisulu
Soli Sorabjee
Kalyan Sundaram
Sushma Swaraj
Chandulal Madhavlal Trivedi
Atal Bihari Vajpayee
M. N. Venkatachaliah
Kottayan Katankot Venugopal
Jigme Dorji Wangchuck
V. S. Achuthanandan
Mulayam Singh Yadav
Science and
engineering
V. K. Aatre
Salim Ali
Norman Borlaug
Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
Rajagopala Chidambaram
Charles Correa
Satish Dhawan
Anil Kakodkar
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan
Har Gobind Khorana
Daulat Singh Kothari
Verghese Kurien
Raghunath Anant Mashelkar
G. Madhavan Nair
Roddam Narasimha
Jayant Narlikar
Rajendra K. Pachauri
Benjamin Peary Pal
Yash Pal
I. G. Patel
Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
K. R. Ramanathan
Raja Ramanna
C. R. Rao
C. N. R. Rao
Palle Rama Rao
Udupi Ramachandra Rao
Vikram Sarabhai
Man Mohan Sharma
Obaid Siddiqi
E. Sreedharan
M. R. Srinivasan
George Sudarshan
M. S. Swaminathan
Narinder Singh Kapany
S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan
Social work
Baba Amte
Pandurang Shastri Athavale
Janaki Devi Bajaj
Mirabehn
Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay
Durgabai Deshmukh
Nanaji Deshmukh
Nirmala Deshpande
Mohan Dharia
U. N. Dhebar
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Mary Clubwala Jadhav
Gaganvihari Lallubhai Mehta
Usha Mehta
Sister Nirmala
Nellie Sengupta
Sports
Viswanathan Anand
Edmund Hillary
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Sachin Tendulkar
Trade and industry
Dhirubhai Ambani
Ghanshyam Das Birla
Ashok Sekhar Ganguly
Karim Al Hussaini Aga Khan
Lakshmi Mittal
Anil Manibhai Naik
N. R. Narayana Murthy
M. Narasimham
Prithvi Raj Singh Oberoi
Azim Premji
Prathap C. Reddy
Osamu Suzuki
J. R. D. Tata
Ratan Tata
Portal
Category
WikiProject
v
t
e
Founding members of the
World Cultural Council
Christian B. Anfinsen
Werner Arber
James Baddiley
M. Balasegaram
Frank Barnaby
Christiaan Barnard
Colin Blakemore
Aage N. Bohr
Norman Borlaug
Harold G. Callan
André Frédéric Cournand
William J. Darby
Eduardo De Robertis
Cornelis de Jager
Guy Blaudin de Thé
Jean-François Denisse
Venancio Deulofeu
Frank J. Dixon
Richard S. Doll
Audouin Dollfus
Jacques-Émile Dubois
Gerald Durrell
Francisco J. Dy
John C. Eccles
Paul Ehrlich
Manfred Eigen
Mohammed El Fasi
Ernest L. Eliel
Kenneth O. Emery
José Rafael Estrada
Hans J. Eysenck
Don W. Fawcett
David J. Finney
Val L. Fitch
Carl G. Gahmberg
Alfred D. Hershey
Gerhard Herzberg
David H. Hubel
Osmo H. Järvi
Reginald V. Jones
Adrian Kantrowitz
Nathan O. Kaplan
Leo A. Kaprio
Vassos Karageorghis
Peter E. Kent
Donald W. Kerst
Seymour S. Kety
Prem N. Kirpal
Georges B. Koelle
Walther Manshard
Georges Mathé
William D. McElroy
Henry McIlwain
John McMichael
Jerrold Meinwald
Harry Melville
Desmond J. Morris
Giuseppe Moruzzi
Nevill F. Mott
Vernon B. Mountcastle
Robert S. Mulliken
Walter H. Munk
Ilie G. Murgulescu
Jayant V. Narlikar
Louis E. F. Néel
Yuval Ne'eman
Bernhard H. Neumann
William A. Nierenberg
Marshall W. Nirenberg
George E. Palade
Arthur B. Pardee
David Phillips
Jacques Piccard
Jens J. Pindborg
Comlan A. A. Quenum
Hermann Rahn
G. N. Ramachandran
Gunnar Randers
Chintamani N. R. Rao
Rex Richards
Jean Rösch
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1934 births
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C. N. R. Rao
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