Chini
, uu
carbohydrate
ke sadharan naam hae, jon ki mitthaa hae aur iske
khaana
aur
juice
me chhorraa jaae hae. Sugar rasaenik ruup me
sucrose
lactose
aur
fructose
hae. Chini ganna aur sugar beet se nikaala jaae hae. Sadhaaran chini ke
monosaccharides
bola jaawe hae, jisme
glucose
fructose
, aur
galactose
hae. Compound chini, jiske
disaccharide
nai to dugnaa chini bhi bola jaawe hae, uu
molecule
hae jon dui monosaccharide se banaa rahe hae, jaise
sucrose
(glucose + fructose),
lactose
(glucose + galactose), aur
maltose
( glucose ke dui molecules). Ujjar chinil lagbhag shudhh sucrose hae. Dehin me compound chini ke sadhaaran chini me hydrolyse karaa jaawe hae.
Monosaccharide ke lambaa chain (>2) ke chini nai maana jaawe hae, lekin iske
oligosaccharides
nai to
polysaccharides
bola jaawe hae.
Starch
ek glucose polymer hae jiske paudha me paawa jaawe hae, jon insaan ke khaana ke sab se jaada source of energy hae. Kuchh aur chemical substances, jaise
ethylene glycol
glycerol
aur
sugar alcohols
, ke mitthaa taste hoe sake hae, lekin ii chini nai hae.
Chini ke jaada paudha ke tissue me paawa jaawe hae.
Madh
aur
fal
me dher sadhaaran chini rahe hae. Sucrose khaas kar ke ganna aur sugar beet me dher maatra me rahe hae, aur yahii kaaran se isme se chini ke nikaala jaawe hae. 2016 me
dunia
me 2 billion tonne chini banaawa gais rahaa. Maltose ke grain ke malting kar ke banaawa jaawe hae. Lactose khaali ek chini hae jiske paudha me se nikaala nai jaawe hae. Iske khaali duudh me paawa jaawe hae, aurat ke duudh me bhi, aur kuchh duudh waala product me. Chini ke ek sastaa source, corn syrup hae, jiske factory me corn starch ke chini me badal ke banaawa jaawe hae, jaise maltose, fructose aur glucose.
Sucrose ke khaana banae ke khaatir kaam me laawa jaawe hae, aur iske kabhi-kabhi processed khaana (jaise toast aur cereal) aur sarbat (jaise coffee aur chaa) me milaawa jaawe hae. Dunia bhar me har ek jan har ek saal
50
kg (110
lb)
chini khaawe hae, jab ki Africa ke log khaali
20
kg (44
lb)
khaawe hae.
20th century ke aakhri hissa me, jaise jaada chini khaae lagin, ii paawa gais rahaa ki jaada chiini khaae se insaan ke health ke kharaab kare hae. 2015 me
World Wealth Organisation
ii recommend karis ki log ke aapan khaana me chini ke kamtii kar ke 10% kare ke chaahi aur baad me iske 5% kare ke chaahi.