Conservation Resources at Other Sites

Conservation Resources at Other Sites
Conservation Resources at Other Sites
Resources, guides, portals, and information repositories
Directories
Mailing lists & other online forums
Online exhibits
Proceedings, postprints, etc.
Reports
Lectures
Serials
Specialized resources
Audiovisual materials
Archaeological Conservation
Built Environment
Glass
Grants & Funding
Historic Preservation
Marine Archaeology
Materials & Media (traditional)
Metals
Microscopy
Musical Instruments
Objects
Paintings
Palm Leaf Manuscripts
Paper
Photographic materials
Plastics
Preventive Conservation
Security
Scientific resources
Other resources
Resources guides and information repositories
Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL)
Katherine Pennavaria
Internet Resources: Nonprint media preservation: A guide to resources on the Web
C&RL News
, September 2003, vol. 64, no. v8
Africa Research Central
Described as a "gateway to the archives, libraries, and
museums with important collections of African primary
sources. The focus is on repositories in Africa, but there
are also links to the web sites of institutions in both
Europe and North America," this site covers preservation
related matters. Of special interest are resources concerning
the loss of cultural material in war.
ArchNet
Archaeology and Historic Preservation. Ceased operations Oct, 2000, but the site is still up
ArtSource
Book Information Website
Created by Cor Knops, "[t]his website is devoted to all
aspects of books, bookarts, bookhistory, letterpress
printing, fine printing, bookschools, book- and paper
restoration and conservation, paper and papermaking,
bookartists, bookbinding and bookbinders, antiquarian books,
booksearch services, bookauctions, individual bookdealers,
manuscripts, pop-up books, history of printing. A site with
little multimedia gimmicks but specialized in offering
information about the history and art of printed
communication."
A Ciência e a Arte
(Science and Art)
Created by António João Cruz. In Portugese.
Information on materials, analytic/technical examination,
etc. There is also a
António João Cruz
A Ciênciae a Arte
Hans Becker & Wolfhardt Schmidt
Conservation Art Technology
The Conservation Link
Guide to resouces about conservation and restauration out
on the net. The conservation link has a few services that
only are available to swedish conservators, but it should
still have a lot to offer for conservators all over the
world.
Conservação Preventiva em Bibliotecas e Arquivos
(Brazil)
"In partnership with the
Commission on Preservation and
Access
, O projeto Conservação Preventiva em
Bibliotecas e Arquivos é uma iniciativa de
cooperação (Preventive Conservation in
Libraries and Archives) is a cooperation initiative enters
the most important institutions of archive and library of the
country, an organization not governmental American north
without lucrative ends. "The objective is to extend the
knowledge on preventive conservation and to integrate
institutions by means of cooperative actions favoring the
preservation of the collections of libraries and
archives."
Cultural Heritage Search Engine
Culturalheritage.net
Italian version
oo
"A search engine about the conservation of cultural
heritage, restoration and maintenance of the
architecture, preservation of the urban landscape" It was
created by the technical office of architect Sergio
Tinè
European Commission on Preservation and Access
(ECPA)
Preservation Map of Europe
"The preservation world agrees that international
cooperation is essential. In order to stimulate the flow
of information and to enable useres to find experts to
consult in their region or partners for cooperative
projects we have gathered information on current
preservation and conservation practice and policies in
each European country. By mapping all preservation
activities in Europe a better picture will emerge of what
is being done and in which area cooperation is possible
and necessary. We hope this will stimulate the
development of joint projects and more targeted
research". Hosted by ECPA, funded by the European
Commission(DG XIII).
European Network for Conservation-Restoration
Education (ENCoRE)
E.C.C.O-ENCoRE
joint paper 2003
ENCoRE—Paper 2001
E.C.C.O. Professional Guidelines
(I) (2002)
(II)(2003)
(III) (2003)
Proposal for Standardisation on "Conservation of cultural property" (2003)
EC proposal for a directive on recognition of professional qualifications (2002)
The Prague CommuniquT 2001
The Bologna Declaration 1999
The Document of Vienna 1998
The ENCoRE Document of Constitution 1997
The Document of Pavia 1997
The NARA document on Authenticity, 1994
ICOMOS$#8212;Charter of Colombo 1993
ICOM$#8212;Code of Ethics, Copenhagen 1984
The Venice Charter, 1964
Dennis T. Gallagher
Moving Image
Archiving
a selective guide to electronic and print
resources about film and video preservation and access
Gateway for Resources and Information (GRIP)
"GRIP is a a fully searchable database of information
on preservation of the documentary heritage. It contains
selected and annotated references to literature on
preservation-related topics, links to websites, projects,
organizations and discussion groups.
"GRIP presents a core of accessible and recent
materials selected by experts and provides an
introduction to a great many aspects of preservation. The
database can be searched by category, keywords
(descriptors) and free search. For searching by
descriptor a thesaurus is used based on a part of the Art
& Architecture Thesaurus (AAT) of the Getty Research
Institute. More explanation on searching GRIP
"Apart from a selection of introductory materials, the
database contains a larger amount of references to a
number of specific topics. These have been collected from
special publications and websites that are also
accessible directly
"GRIP is a joint project of Nationaal Archief (the
National Archives of the Netherlands) and the European
Commission on Preservation and Access (ECPA). GRIP is
maintained by a team consisting of staff of National
Archief (the National Archives of the Netherlands), the
Scientific Advisory Committee of the ECPA, and the ECPA
Secretariat."
Getty Conservation Institute
AATA Online: Abstracts of International Conservation Literature
"AATA OnLine presents all volumes of
Art and
Archaeology Technical Abstracts
and its
predecessor,
IIC Abstracts
, published
between 1955 and the present.
This is the principle bibliographic resource in the
field of conservation and an
AATA
should be a basic component of virtually any
conservation research effort.
Abstracts from
Past Scientific Research Projects
Binding Media 1989-1999
2.16 Consolidation of Ethnographic Objects
2.18 Contemporary Documentary Technical Evidence as the Basis for Scientific Examination of Art Objects
2.20 The Evolution of the Technology of Polychrome Sculptures in the Baroque/Rococo Period in Minas Gerais, Brazil
3.13 A Study of Some California Indian Rock Art Pigments
4.3 Microspectroscopy of Dyes, Pigments, and Varnishes
4.4 The Use of Infrared Microscopy in the Analysis of Cultural Artifacts
4.5 Electron Spin Resonance Studies of Photo-Oxidation and Photo-Decomposition of Polymeric Coatings Used in the Conservation of Antiquities
4.7 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and its Possible Application to Art Conservation
4.8 Development and Application of a Mathematical Model of the Drying Process of Coatings in Conservation
4.10 New Methods of Organic and Inorganic Microanalysis
Nitrogen Anoxia Research 1987-1999
1.12 Air Pollution Control within Museum Display Cases by Active and Passive Strategies
1.18 Development of a Hermetically Sealed Nitrogen Atmosphere Display Case
1.22 Moisture Buffering Capability of Storage Cases
Pollutants in the Museum Environments (1985 -1998)
1.7 Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds from Museum Grade Materials
1.8 Protection of Works of Art from Damage Due to Photochemical Smog
1.9 Protection of Works of Art from Damage Due to Deposition of Airborne Particulate Matter
1.10 Protection of Works of Art from Damage Due to Atmospheric Nitric Acid
1.11 Museum Survey of Indoor PAN, Nitrogen Dioxide, Nitric Acid, Chlorinated Hydrocarbons, Sulfur Dioxide, and Reduced Sulfur
1.12 Air Pollution Control Within Museum Display Cases by Active and Passive Sorbent Strategies
1.13 Study of the Effects of Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Dioxide on Deacidified Papers-Part 1
1.14 Study of the Effects of Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Dioxide on Deacidified Papers-Part 2
1.15 Development of Passive Monitors for Museum Air Quality Measurements
1.19 Museum Survey for Indoor Aldehydes, Ketones, and Organic Acids
1.20 Exposure of Artists' Colorants to Formaldehyde, Peroxyacetyl Nitrate (PAN) and (PAN Nitrogen Dioxide Ozone)
1.21 Feasibility of a Global Network to Monitor the Exposure of Cultural Properties to Environmental Stresses
2.9 Determination of the Sensitivity of Metals to Corrosion by Atmospheric Pollutants: Aldehydes and Carboxylic Acids
3.3 Control of Coarse Particle Intrusion into Museums and Archaeological Sites
Selective Preventive Conservation Research (1985 - 1998)
1.1 Evaluation of Test Procedures for Accelerated Photochemical Aging of Museum and Archival Materials
1.16 Energy Conservation and Climate Control in Museums
1.17 Energy Conservation in Museums: Skylights, Filtration, Condensation, Infiltration/Pressurization, Vestibules, and Outdoor Air Control
1.22 Moisture Buffering Capability of Museum Storage Cases
1.23 Selected Topics on Museum Environments and Unique Artifacts
2.4 Works of Art in Transit
3.5 Evaluation of Seismic Mitigation Measures for Art Objects
Permanence and Application of ConservationMaterials (1983 - 1996)
2.3 Evaluation of Cellulose Ethers and Certain Water-Soluble Synthetic Polymers as Coatings for Conservation Application
2.6 The Role of Acrylic Polymers in Acrylic/Alkoxysilane Stone Consolidants and a Pilot Study on the Feasibility of Long-Chain Alkyl-Trialkoxysilanes and Mixed Alkoxytrialkoxysilanes as Stone Consolidants
2.7 Evaluation of Parylene for Treatment of Ethnographic Objects
2.8 Alkali-Soluble Acrylics in Architectural Conservation: Future Research Directions
2.10 Use of Parylene as a Protective Coating
2.11 Evaluation of Abrasive Materials for the Cleaning of Silver Objects
2.13 Evaluation of Parylene-C for Conservation Application: I. Accelerated Aging of Modern, Coated Silk
2.14 Aqueous Light Bleaching of Paper
Seismic Stabilization of Historic Structures(1990 - 1996)
3.5 Evaluation of Seismic Mitigation Measures for Art Objects
3.8 Study for Seismic Strengthening, Conservation, and Restoration of Churches Dating from the Byzantine Period (Ninth to Fourteenth Century) in Macedonia
3.9 Getty Seismic Strengthening of Adobe Project (GSAP)
Stone Deterioration and Treatment (1986 -1991)
3.1 Assessment of the Biodeterioration Susceptibility of Stone Consolidant
3.2 Evaluation In Situ of the State of Deterioration of Monumental Stones by Non-Destructive Sonic Techniques
3.7 The Use of Epoxy Resins for Stone Consolidation
Insect Control with the Fumigant Vikane (1986- 1990)
1.2 Potential Adverse Effects of Pest Control Agents on the Materials of Museum Artifacts - CAL
1.3 Potential Adverse Effects of Pest Control Agents on the Materials of Museum Artifacts - GCI
1.4 Potential Adverse Effects of Pest Control Agents on the Materials of Museum Artifacts - CCI
1.5 Fumigant Efficacy of Sulfuryl Fluoride against Three Carpet Beetles (Coleoptra: Dermestidae, Anobiidae)
Getty Reports available online
Agnew, Neville
, ed.
Conservation of Ancient Sites on the Silk Road: Proceedings of an International Conference on the Conservation of Grotto Sites
. Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute, 1997.
Agnew, Neville, and Martha Demas
,eds.
Principles for the Conservation of Heritage Sites in China: English language translation, with Chinese text, of the document issued by China ICOMOS
2nd Printing with revision. Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute, 2004.
PART I
(Chinese-language text)
PART II
(English-language text)
Avrami, Erica, Kathleen Dardes, Marta de la Torre, Samuel Y. Harris, Michael Henry, and Wendy Claire Jessup, contributors
"The Conservation Assessment: A Proposed Model for Evaluating Museum Environmental Management Needs."
1999. (39pp., PDF format, 104KB)
Avrami, Erica, Kathleen Dardes, Marta de la Torre, Samuel Y. Harris, Michael Henry, and Wendy Claire Jessup
, contributors.
"Evaluación Para la Conservación: Modelo Propuesto Para Evaluar las Necesidades de Control del Entorno Museístico."
1999. (Spanish version of the above) (40pp., PDF format, 150KB)
Avrami, Erica, Randall Mason, and Marta de la Torre
Values and Heritage Conservation: Research Report
Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute, 2000. (100pp., PDF format, 771KB)
Cancino, C., M. Hardy, and F. LeBlanc, preparers,
"RecorDIM Initiative Guidelines and Handbook Workshop Meeting Notes."
Report of workshop held at The Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles, CA, May 27-29, 2003. (25pp., PDF format, 934KB)
Cass, Glen R., James R. Druzik, Daniel Grosjean, William W. Nazaroff, Paul M. Whitmore, and Cynthia L. Whittman
Protection of Works of Art From Atmospheric Ozone
The Getty Conservation Institute: Los Angeles, 1989. (97pp., PDF format, 904 K)
Castellanos, Carolina, Françoise Descamps, and María Isaura Aráuz
, eds.
Management Plan for Joya de Cerén
Los Angeles: Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y las Artes, El Salvador, and the Getty Conservation Institute, 2002.
Cather, Sharon
, ed.
The Conservation of Wall Paintings: Proceedings of a Symposium Organized by the Courtauld Institute of Art and The Getty Conservation Institute
Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute, 1991. (181 pp., PDF format, 6.3 MB)
Corzo, Miguel Angel
, ed.
The Future of Asia's Past: Preservation of the Architectural Heritage of Asia
Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute, 1995. (75pp., PDF format, 854KB)
Demas, Martha
, compiler
"GCI Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites Bibliography."
2003. (125 pp., PDF format, 800KB)
Dorge, Valerie, and F. Carey Howlett
, eds.
Painted Wood: History and Conservation
Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute, 1998.
Dorge, Valerie, and Sharon L. Jones
, compilers,
Building an Emergency Plan: A Guide for Museums and Other Cultural Institutions
Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute, 1999. (281pp., PDF format, 3.4MB)
Drescher, Timothy W.
"Priorities in Conserving Community Murals."
Paper presented at the Getty symposium "Mural Painting and Conservation in the Americas," Los Angeles, CA, May 16-17, 2003. (14pp., PDF format, 347KB)
Faulk, Wilbur, and Laurie Sowd
"Collections Theft Response Procedures."
Guidelines from The J. Paul Getty Trust and The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens, 2001. (17pp., PDF format, 246KB)
Feller, R. L., and M. Wilt
Evaluation of Cellulose Ethers for Conservation
The J. Paul Getty Trust, 1990. (165pp., PDF format, 2.1 MB)
Feller, Robert L.
Accelerated Aging: Photochemical and Thermal Aspects
Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute, 1994. (292pp., PDF format, 1.5MB)
Garfinkle, Ann
"The Legal and Ethical Consideration of Mural Conservation: Issues and Debates."
Paper presented at the Getty symposium "Mural Painting and Conservation in the Americas," Los Angeles, CA, May 16-17, 2003. (22pp., PDF format, 141KB).
The Getty Conservation Institute
"GCI Lime Mortars and Plasters Bibliography: Sorted by Author."
2003. (100 pp., PDF format, 939KB)
The Getty Conservation Institute
"GCI Lime Mortars and Plasters Bibliography: Sorted by General Category."
2003. (195 pp., PDF format, 1.6MB)
The Getty Conservation Institute
"GCI Project Terra Bibliography: Sorted by Author."
2002. (63 pp., PDF format, 380KB)
The Getty Conservation Institute
"GCI Project Terra Bibliography: Sorted by General Category."
2002. (106 pp., PDF format, 603KB)
The Getty Conservation Institute
Incentives for the Preservation and Rehabilitation of Historic Homes in the City of Los Angeles
Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute, 2004. (70pp., PDF format, 3.5 MB)
The Getty Conservation Institute and the American Institute for Conservation
"Professional Development for Conservators in the United States: Report of the Directors' Retreat for the Advancement of Conservation Education."
Report of meeting held in Warrenton, VA, October 10-12, 2002. (21pp., PDF format, 316KB)
The Getty Conservation Institute and the Israel Antiquities Authority
"Illustrated Glossary: Mosaics In Situ Project."
2003. (17pp., PDF format, 1.8 MB)
Golden, Mark
"Mural Paints: Current and Future Formulations."
Paper presented at the Getty symposium "Mural Painting and Conservation in the Americas," Los Angeles, CA, May 16-17, 2003. (14pp., PDF format, 290KB)
Gonzáles López, María José, and Françoise Descamps
, eds.
Workshop on Methodology for the Conservation of Polychromed Wooden Altarpieces: Document on Retablos 2002
The Getty Conservation Institute and Junta Andalucía Conserjería de Cultura, 2004. (17 pp., PDF format, 502KB)
Gonzáles López, MaríaJosé, and Françoise Descamps
, eds.
Taller sobre Metodología para la Conservación de Retablos de Madera Policromada: El Documento de Retablos 2002
The Getty Conservation Institute and Junta Andalucía Conserjería de Cultura, 2004. (Spanish version of the above) (17 pp., PDF format, 508KB)
Gonzáles López, María José, and Françoise Descamps
, eds.
Journées d'Étude sur la Méthodologie pour la Conservation des Retables en Bois Polychromes: Document des Retables 2002
The Getty Conservation Institute and Junta Andalucía Conserjería de Cultura, 2004. (French version of the above) (17 pp., PDF format, 513KB)
Kumar, Rakesh, and Anuradha V. Kumar
Biodeterioration of Stone in Tropical Environments: An Overview
Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute, 1999. (95pp., PDF format, 624KB)
Letellier, Robin
"RecorDIM 2002 Activities Report."
2003. (83pp., PDF format, 728KB)
Letellier, Robin, and Christopher Gray
"Bridging the Gap Between Information Users and Information Providers."
Report of Recording, Documentation and Information Management (RecorDIM) Initiative Roundtable 1, Los Angeles, CA, March 4-5, 2002. (46pp., PDF format, 383KB)
Maekawa, Shin, and Franciza Toledo
"A Climate Control System for Hollybourne Cottage, Jekyll Island Historic District, Georgia."
Paper presented at conference of American Society of Heating Refrigeration Air-conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), IAQ 2001 - Moisture, Microbes, and Health Effects: Indoor Air Quality and Moisture in Buildings in San Francisco, CA, November 4-7, 2001. (17pp., PDF format, 620KB)
MacLean, Margaret G.H., and David Myers
Grosse Île and the Irish Memorial National Historic Site: A Case Study
Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute, 2003. (49pp., PDF format, 1.6MB)
Maekawa, Shin, and Franciza Toledo
"Controlled Ventilation and Heating to Preserve Collections in Historic Buildings in Hot and Humid Regions."
Paper presented at the ICOM-CC 13th Triennial Meeting in Rio de Janiero, Brazil, September 22-27, 2002. (17pp., PDF format, 236KB)
Maekawa, Shin
Oxygen-Free Museum Cases
Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute, 1998. (76 pp., PDF format, 1.6MB)
Maekawa, Shin, and Franciza Toledo
"Sustainable Climate Control for Historic Buildings in Hot and Humid Regions,"
Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal
Vol. 14, No. 3 (2003). [Also presented at the 18th International Conference on Passive Low Energy Architectures (PLEA) Conference, November 2001, Florianópolis, Brazil.](7pp., PDF format, 412KB)
Randy Mason
, ed.
Economics and Heritage Conservation: A Meeting Organized by the Getty Conservation Institute, December 1998
Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Trust, 1999. (67pp., PDF format, 351KB)
Mason, Randall, Margaret G. H. MacLean, and Marta de la Torre
Hadrian's Wall World Heritage Site: A Case Study
Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute, 2003. (53pp., PDF format, 1.3MB)
Mason, Randall, David Myers, and Marta de la Torre
Port Arthur Historic Site: A Case Study
Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute, 2003. (76pp., PDF format, 1.4MB)
Nazaroff, William W., Mary P. Ligocki, Lynn G. Salmon, Glen R. Cass, Theresa Fall, Michael C. Jones, Harvey I.H. Liu, and Timothy Ma
Airborne Particles in Museums
Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute, 1993. (145 pp., PDF format, 1.5MB)
Oliver, Anne
Fort Selden Adobe Test Wall Project, Phase I, Final Report
The Getty Conservation Institute and Museum of New Mexico State Monuments, 2000. (108pp., PDF format, 1MB)
Pounds, Jon
"The Gift of Absence: Mural Restoration in a Policy Void."
Paper presented at the Getty symposium "Mural Painting and Conservation in the Americas," Los Angeles, CA, May 16-17, 2003. (10pp., PDF format, 91KB)
Price, C.A.
Stone Conservation: An Overview of Current Research
Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute, 1996. (79pp., PDF format, 468KB)
Reedy, Terry J., and Chandra L. Reedy
Statistical Analysis in Art Conservation Research
Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute, 1988. (110pp., PDF format, 872 K)
Rust, Michael K., and Janice M. Kennedy
The Feasibility of Using Modified Atmospheres to Control Insect Pests in Museums
Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute, 1993. (131pp., PDF format, 2.8 MB)
Selwitz, Charles
Cellulose Nitrate in Conservation
Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute, 1988. (71pp., PDF format, 556KB)
Selwitz, Charles
Epoxy Resins in Stone Conservation
Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute, 1992. (117pp., PDF format, 1.8 MB)
Selwitz, Charles, and Shin Maekawa
Inert Gases in the Control of Museum Insect Pests
Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute, 1998. (113pp., PDF format, 1.5MB)
Shank, Will
"Before the Paint Hits the Wall."
Paper presented at the Getty symposium "Mural Painting and Conservation in the Americas," Los Angeles, CA, May 16-17, 2003. (8pp., PDF format, 102KB)
"Summary Report, Project Terra Research Meeting."
Report of meeting held in Torquay, England, May 14, 2000. (21pp., PDF format, 83KB)
"Terra Consortium: Guidelines for Institutional Collaboration."
Guidelines for program of Project Terra and the UNESCO Chair on Earthen Architecture, Constructive Cultures, and Sustainable Development, 2000. (9pp., PDF format, 56KB)
Tolles, E. Leroy, Edna E. Kimbro, and William S. Ginell
Planning and Engineering Guidelines for the Seismic Retrofitting of Historic Adobe Structures
Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute, 2002. (154pp., PDF format, 4.3MB)
Tolles, E. Leroy, Edna E. Kimbro, and William S. Ginell
Guías de planeamiento e ingeniería para la estabilización sismorresistente de estructuras históricas de adobe
Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute, 2002. (Spanish version of the above) (160pp., PDF format, 4.8MB)
Tolles, E. Leroy, Edna E. Kimbro, Frederick A. Webster, and William S. Ginell
Seismic Stabilization of Historic Adobe Structures: Final Report of the Getty Seismic Adobe Project
Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute, 2000. (174 pp., PDF format, 3.2MB)
Tolles, E. Leroy, Frederick A. Webster, Anthony Crosby, and Edna E. Kimbro
Survey of Damage to Historic Adobe Buildings after the January 1994 Northridge Earthquake
Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute, 1996. (171 pp., PDF format, 7.2MB)
de la Torre, Marta
, ed.
Assessing the Values of Cultural Heritage: Research Report
Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute, 2002. (123pp., PDF format, 750KB)
de la Torre, Marta, Margaret G.H. MacLean, and David Myers
Chaco Culture National Historical Park: A Case Study
Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute, June 2003. (66pp., PDF format, 1.7MB)
Weber, John Pitman
"Politics and Practice of Community Public Art: Whose Murals Get Saved?"
Paper presented at the Getty symposium "Mural Painting and Conservation in the Americas," Los Angeles, CA, May 16-17, 2003. (16pp., PDF format, 348KB)
Welch Howe, Kathryn
, preparer
Los Angeles Historic Resource Survey Assessment Project: Summary Report
Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute, 2001. (34pp., PDF format, 119BK)
Wheeler, George
"Alkoxysilanes color photo supplement,"
containing full-color images of black and white figures from
Alkoxysilanes and the Consolidation of Stone
. Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute, 2005. (4pp., PDF format, 1.1MB)
International Council of Museums (ICOM)
Standards & Guidelines
Running a Museum: a practical handbook (2004)
The CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (CRM, 2001)
Interpreting Musical Instruments in Museum Collections: Guidelines (1998)
Guidelines for Costume (1998)
Handbook of Standards Documenting African Collections (1996)
International Core Data Standards for Ethnology/Ethnography (1996)
International Guidelines for Museum Object Information: the CIDOC Information Categories (1995)
Recommendations for the Application of Accession Numbers (1995)
Registration Step by Step: When an Object Enters the Museum (CIDOC Fact Sheet 1, 1993)
Labelling and Marking Objects (CIDOC Fact Sheet 2, 1993)
Guidelines for Disaster Preparedness in Museums (1993)
CIMENT: Uniform Procedures for Data Element Description in CIMCIM Database Systems (1991)
Recommendations for Regulating the Access to Musical Instruments in Public Collections (1985)
ICOM Guidelines for Loans (1974)
Image Engineering
Barbara Vogt
Stability Issues and Test Methods for Ink Jet Materials
. Thesis, Department of Image Engineering, University of Applied Scienc,e Cologne. May 2001
Image Permanence Institute
Digital Print Preservation Portal (DP3)
Digital Print Preservation Portal
, a part of
the DP3 Project. This website is the result of extensive
research into the long-term care of digitally printed
materials that was performed by the Image Permanence
Institute with the help from grants from The Andrew W.
Mellon Foundation and the Institute of Museum and Library
Services.
"The intention of this website is to provide
collection care professionals with the information,
skills, and tools they need to ensure the survival of
their digitally printed materials. Because this site is
intended to be a didactic and not just a reference, it is
designed with a curriculum structure. Each of the
following menu headings contains what can be considered a
lesson that becomes a building block for the next
section:
Technologies: explanations of the major digital
printing technologies
Identification: methods for identifying the various
digital print types to ensure accurate care for each
object type
Deterioration: descriptions of the forces of
deterioration and their manifestations in digital print
collections materials
Preservation: strategies to mitigate damage to the
various digital print types for each of the decay
forces
"The final section, Resources, provides links to
supplementary materials that can help the user more fully
understand digital printing technologies or lead them to
complimentary materials that can expand their knowledge
of broader collection issues and how to integrate digital
print collections into their current catalogues of
traditionally printed materials or other collection asset
types.
Stored Alive: Can the Objects in your Collection Survive their Environment
IPI Storage Guide for Acetate Film
Preservation Calculator
Scrapbook and Home Archives Preservation: Technical Info for the Scrapbook Industry
A-D Strips
PAT: Photographic Activity Tests
PEM: Preservation Environment Monitors
Bibliography
Barbara Vogt
Stability Issues and Aest Methods for Ink Jet
materials
, Thesis, Department of Image Engineering, University of Applied Science, Cologne, May 2001. (PDF).
Also available in a
300 dpi version for printing
International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM)
Library Catalogue
Khartasia
The database
Khartasia
, is available in
French
Japanese
Korean
, and
Chinese (Simplified
Han)
provides information on Asian papers (components,
manufacturing processes, historical elements, elements for
the identification of papers).
"This work is a part of a broader research on the
identification of Asian papers conducted since 2010 at
CRCC (Research Centre on the Conservation of Collections)
in collaboration with institutes in China, Korea and
Japan (Fudan University-Shanghai, National Museum of
Ethnolgy-Osaka, Prefectural Paper Technology
Center-Kochi, National Research Institute of Cultural
Heritage-Deajeon, Kookmin University-Seoul, Chungbuk
National University-Cheongju).
"This database is will help to develop a better
understanding of the materials constituting works of art
and documents on Asian paper; it is designated to
conservators, archaeologists, historians, art historians
and paleographers.We are pleased to announce the launch
of a database called Khartasia
Asian papers (components, manufacturing processes,
historical elements, elements for the identification of
papers).
"This work is a part of a broader research on the
identification of Asian papers conducted since 2010 at
CRCC (Research Centre on the Conservation of Collections)
in collaboration with institutes in China, Korea and
Japan (Fudan University-Shanghai, National Museum of
Ethnolgy-Osaka, Prefectural Paper Technology
Center-Kochi, National Research Institute of Cultural
Heritage-Deajeon, Kookmin University-Seoul, Chungbuk
National University-Cheongju).
"This database is will help to develop a better
understanding of the materials constituting works of art
and documents on Asian paper; it is designated to
conservators, archaeologists, historians, art historians
and paleographers."
Library-oriented Lists and Electronic Serials
Museum Online Resource Review
International Institute for Conservation (IIC)
Abstracts of Conference Papers
Baltimore 2002
Works of Art on Paper
Melbourne 2000
Tradition and Innovation
Dublin 1998
Painting Techniques
Copenhagen 1996
Archaeological Conservation
Metropolitan Museum of Art
AinsworthMaryan Wynn, et al
Art and Autoradiography: Insights into the Genesis of Paintings by Rembrandt, Van Dyck, and Vermeer
Petrus Christus: Renaissance Master of Bruges
Herbert Härl and Marianne Yaldiz
Along the Ancient Silk Routes: Central Asian Art from the West Berlin State Museums
Elana Phipps
Cochineal Red: The Art History of a Color
Marjorie Shelley
The Care and Handling of Art Objects: Practices in the Metropolitan Museum of Art
Mary B. Shepard and Cynthia Clark (eds.)
English and French Medieval Stained Glass in the Collection of The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Cathy Lynn Mundale
Archival & Conservation Resources
Luis Nadeau
Photoconservation.com
Luis Nadeau's on-line Printing, Photographic and Photomechanical Processes Museum.
National Archives and Records Administration
Mary Lynn Ritzenthaler
Preservation of Archival Records: Holdings Maintenance at the National Archives
Technical Information Paper Number 6 (1990) (PDF)
National Center for Conservation Technology and Training (NCPTT)
National Building Stone Database
, a central repository for information about the stones used in American buildings and monuments
National Gallery, London
Spectral Power Distribution (SPD) Curves
"Comparing Spectral Power Distribution (SPD) curves:
This web site has been set up to allow users to examine
and compare the Spectral Power Distribution (SPD) curves
of a number of different light sources and begin to
discuss the relative proportions of these SPDs. The
curves and relative proportions can been seen here and
here or acessed via the appropriate links at the top of
the page. Further details, including descriptions of the
equipment and calculations used, along with additional
links can be found on the information page. If you would
like to contribute data to this project or would like to
recommend other sources of information please contact
Joseph Padfield."
National Museum of Denmark
Articles, reports, and publications lists
Publications list 1999
Publications list 2001
Research projects list 2000
Archaeological Conservation and its Consequences A history of the techniques and ethics of conservation at the National Museum of Denmark through the last 150 years
Mauersalze und ArchitekturoberflSche
Seminar i Dresden d. 1. - 3. februar 2002, Hochschule fnr Bildende Knnste anmeldt af Poul Klenz Larsen
Jan Castella
Jørgen Nordqvist
Bay T Al - Aqqad, Et dansk-syrisk restaureringsprojekt
(PDF) The restoration of a historic house in Damascus, in Danish with English summary and picture captions) Reprinted from "Nationalmuseets Arbejdsmark 2001".
Mads Chr. Christensen
FT-IR Techniques for studying the composition and degradation of Photographic Materials
(PDF)
IAP Copenhagen 2001
4th meeting of the Indoor Air Pollution Working Group, Presentation Abstracts
(PDF)
Vibe Edinger
Bodil Holstein
Birgitte Larsen
Transparent overfladebehandling ps danske møbler mellem 1550 og 1828
(PDF)
Transparent surface finishes on Danish furniture between 1550 and 1827
(Abstract only)
Inger Marie Egenberg
and
Jens Glastrup
Composition of kiln-produced tar
(PDF)
Jens Glastrup
Nicotine in a 2000 year old pot from Fyn
Jens Glastrup
Morten Ryhl-Svendsen
(PDF) Bestemmelse af skadelige afgasninger fra materialer der pstµnkes brugt i museumsudstillinger, -magasiner eller arkiver (Rapport)
Poul Klenz Larsen
Salt Damage to Architectural Surfaces
. A conference review
Poul Klenz Larsen
and
Peder Bøllingtoft
Desalination of a painted brick vault in Kirkerup Church
(PDF)
Poul Klenz Larsen
Agnete Thorvardarson
Eva Ernfridsson
Hydrauliske kalkmørtler
Rumklimaets indflydelse ps bevaringsforholdene i danske kirker
(PDF)
Tim Padfield
The physics of the museum environment
Tim Padfield
and
Jesper Stub Johnsen
The Breath of Arrhenius: A discussion of environmental standards in photographic conservation
Karen Brynjolf Pedersen
Forlµng levetiden for dine fotografier
Karen Stemann Petersen
Vedligeholdelse af kirkesølv
Bevaring af historisk tin i kirkerne og i museumssamlingerne
Preservation of historical pewter in church and museum collections
Yvonne Shashoua
Barbie gets cool!
Degradation and inhibitive conservation of Baltic amber in museum collections
(PDF)
Inhibiting the deterioration of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) - a museum perspective
Ulrich Schnell
Geofysik ps vikingetidens handelsplads ved Sebber. En undersøgelse af den differentielle magnetometris potentiale
(PDF)
Kirsten Trampedach
Introduction to Danish wall paintings: conservation ethics and methods of treatment
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
The Conservation and Art Materials Encyclopedia Online (CAMEO)
A remarkable resource that will be part of every conservator's working tool-set.
CAMEO
is a searchable information center
developed by the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. The
MATERIALS database contains chemical, physical, visual,
and analytical information on over 10,000 historic and
contemporary materials used in the production and
conservation of artistic, architectural, archaeological,
and anthropological materials."
A brief excerpt from
About
CAMEO
, which provides a more
detailed—and well worth reading—history of the
project and the people who built it:
The Conservation and Art Materials Encyclopedia Online (CAMEO)
is an electronic database that compiles, defines, and disseminates technical information on the distinct collection of terms, materials, and techniques used in the fields of art conservation and historic preservation. In 1997, the database, formerly called the Conservation and Art Materials Dictionary (CAMD), was developed at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston by the Conservation and Collections Management Department under the direction of Arthur Beale. An initial grant from the National Center for Preservation Technology and Training (NCPTT) along with additional resources and support from the MFA enabled the first version of the database to be placed on the Internet in November 2000."
It offers
searchable
and
browsable
database of materials, both those found in cultural materials and those used in conservation.
Directory
describing conservation-related organizations, bibliographic and Web resources, grant sources, and much more.
Forbes Pigment Database
"The Forbes' Pigment Collection contains over 1000 colorants assembled by the late Edward Waldo Forbes,
former Director of the Fogg Art Museum at Harvard University (1909-1945). Currently, the core
collection of pigments is housed in the Straus Center for Conservation at Harvard University while Forbes'
private collection of pigments resides at the Institute for Fine Arts Conservation Center at New
York University. Known subsets of these two collections exist in nineteen additional laboratories
around the world. These colorants have been analyzed widely by most of the labs and thus the goal of this
database is to provide one central, searchable, readily-accessible location for the compilation of
any available information from all sources. The combination of this information will document the
materials and aid in the determination of their compositions."
National Library of Australia
ANICA: Australian Network for Information on Cellulose Acetate
"A forum point for sharing information and accessing resources about preserving cellulose acetate collections in Australia"
National Park Service (NPS)
Exhibit Conservation Central
"The National Park Service (NPS), together with
several partners, has taken on the challenge of
developing a more systematic approach to including
preservation in the exhibit planning, design, and
fabrication process. The Department of Conservation has
embarked on a major project to create a preservation
framework and tool for both NPS personnel and exhibition
specialists in general."
Contents include
About the Exhibit Conservation Guidelines
Publication
Exhibit Materials Testing Information
Key
Exhibit Conservation Web Resources
Exhibit
Conservation Bibliographic Resources
Old Dominion University Condensed Matter & Materials Physics Research Group
Corrosion Research
Preserv'Art
French
and and
Preserv'Art
is an interactive database of
products and equipments used for the conservation and
protection of artifacts, works of art and archival
documents. It was developed for collection managers,
archivists, curators, conservators, artists, museum
technicians, students, teachers, ..."
Preserv'Art
was developed by the Centre de
conservation du Québec (CCQ). It is an interactive
database on products and equipment used in preventive
conservation for the protection of works of art,
artifacts and archival documents during an exhibition,
transit or storage. The Preserv'Art database collates
within files, pertinent information found in scientific
and commercial publications. It combines this data with
the practical input of various specialists from the
conservation field, thus providing useful information on
the applications and uses of the various products listed.
Preserv'Art will help users of the database make informed
choices on the appropriate products to use.
Preserve/Net
Public Record Office
, National Archives, UK
An Introduction to Parchment
An Introduction to English Paper
An Introduction to Photos: 19th and Early 20th Century Photographic Processes
Sciences et patrimoine culturel (Sciences and cultural heritage)
This site includes :
a bibliographic data base online since September 1997 with 3000 reviews by the Library of the IFROA (Institut de formation des restaurateurs d'œuvres d'art)
documents on research laboratories,
texts on methods of analysis of works of art,
latest news on conservation,
links to related sites.
Jutta Reed-Scott
Preserving
Research Collections: A Collaboration between Librarians and
Scholars
. The Association of Research Libraries, the
Modern Language Association, and the American Historical
Association on behalf of the Task Force on the Preservation
of the Artifact. 1999
Moyna Stanton
Discover the
Battle of the Nudes
A conservator's research into an engraving by Antonio del Pollaiuolo. Also includes glossary and bibliography.
UNESCO
UNESCO
Archives Portal
"gives access to websites of archival
institutions around the world. It is also a gateway to
resources related to records and archives management and to
international co-operation in this area."
United States Information Agency (USIA)
"The United States Department of State is responsible for
implementing the Convention on Cultural Property
Implementation Act (the Act). This is the enabling
legislation for the 1970 UNESCO Convention on the Means of
Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and
Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property. In accordance
with the Act, the State Department accepts requests from
countries for import restrictions on archaeological or
ethnological artifacts, the pillage of which places their
national cultural heritage in jeopardy. The Cultural Property
Advisory Committee, appointed by the president of the United
States and administered by the State Department, reviews
these requests and makes recommendations to the State
Department. Under the president's authority, the State
Department makes a decision with regard to the request and
may enter into a cultural property agreement with the
requesting country. The State Department's cultural property
staff supports these functions and related activities and
serves as a center of expertise on global cultural heritage
protection issues."
Virtual Library
for European Archaeology
World
Heritage Information Network
WHIN is a clearing house for information about World
Heritage sites
Mailing lists and other online forums
conservation-research
"This list will enable discussion amongst those engaged or interested in research into the conservation of objects, works of art or buildings, encouraging the sharing of ideas and experiences, and the exchange of views on the development of national & international conservation research aims."
Conservateurs - Restaurateurs: Forum des fêlés du scalpel et du clavier
(French)
Digital-Preservation
List
From the announcement:
"This list will carry announcements and information on
activities relevant to the preservation and management of
digital materials in the UK. It will be used to
disseminate information on the work of JISC Digital
Preservation Focus, the Digital Preservation Coalition
and related initiatives.
It is intended to be a moderated low-traffic
announcement and current awareness list of selected key
initiatives and developments in the field of digital
preservation of interest to archivists, curators, data
creators, librarians and records managers both within
higher education and related sectors. Topics will
include: digital archiving, management and preservation;
electronic records management; emulation; migration;
long-term access; research projects; national,
international and institutional initiatives in relevant
areas."
Glass
Mailing List Archives
SAAPRESERVATION
News and events of interest to members of the Society of American Archivists' Preservation Section
Merhaba: The Turkish Archives Site
List of Mailing Lists on Archives, Records Management and Related Subjects
Mummies Forum
"A discussion group for those working with Egyptian animal mummies, in the museums sector, conservation, research or archaeology. For those looking for advice or information, to share ideas, techniques and discoveries, to make contact with others poor souls in this field, to share elusive papers and swap prepublication notes."
Museum-L Archives
National Council for Conservation-Restoration (NCCR)
The NCCR conservation discussion list
neorestauro
"Nuevas tecnologias aplicadas al campo de la restauracion de obras de arte, metodologia e investigacion"
Prorestauro
Portal de Conservação e Restauro a sua fonte de informação na área da ConServação e Restauro do Património Cultural
Includes
Prorestauro Multilanguage Conservation Message Board
"We are pleased to inform you all that there is an
online forum dedicated to Art Conservation and everyone
is welcome to join. It is the most simply, direct and
fast way of communicate, present your questions, ask for
help or just share information. The aim is to create a
community of professionals which work in any field
related to Conservation. Conservators, conservation
scientists, chemists, physics, art historians, engineers
and other professionals and all students interested and
working on the area are welcome to participate. To join
you only have to register (the registration is free) The
forum is available to English, Spanish and Portuguese
speakers independently of the nationality.
Proceedings
LACONA X
Special issue
of
Studies in Conservation
, volume 60, Issue S1, August, 2015
""This Issue represents but a selection of the richness of research work
presented in Sharjah the Editors are indebted to all who contributed
their manuscripts that underwent the same scrupulous editorial process as
any other volume of Studies, as well as to the LACONA Permanent Scientific
Committee for their trust and confidence. The work presented here is key to
the continued development as well as adoption of laser-based methods in
conservation ...""
Permanence Matters Conference: Inaugural Conference in Topicson Book Permanence for Cultural and Academic Institutions
lides and video of the conference. Includes talks on:
"History of Advocacy for Permanent Paper"
Sonja Jordan-Mowery
"Trends in Paper Manufacturing"
Scott Mingus
"The Development of The Canadian Standard for Permanence of Records, Books and Other Documents"
Dr. David Grattan
"Fighting Brittle Paper in Books: Hunting the Biggest Predators of a Primary Cultural Asset"
Dr. John Baty
"When Permanence Matters: The Culture of Paper and the Community of Users"
Justin Scott and Ken Bloom
The Culture of Paper: Perspectives of a Collector, Author & Teacher
Dr. Jonathan Pevsner,
"Climbing the Paper Mountain: From Research to Action Preservation Directorate Initiatives"
Jeanne Drewes,
"Permanence Matters: Digital Options for Collections"
Kathleen Keane
Proceedings of the 15
th
World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, Rome, 15-21 October 2000
Omar Abdel-Kareem
Microbiological testing of Polymers and resins used in conservation of Linen Textiles
"In this study Egyptian linen textiles were
treated by 12 different polymers and resins, which
are important in conservation of ancient Egyptian
linen textiles. Untreated and treated samples were
deteriorated by 7 selected fungal strains isolated
from ancient Egyptian textiles, for two weeks.
Tensile strength of the biodeteriorated samples was
assessed. SEM was used to fallow the change in the
surface morphology of the biodeteriorated samples.
Also, Spectrophotometric measurements were used to
assess change in colour differences of the
biodeteriorated samples. The results obtained had
showed that most of tested polymers reduce the
biodeterioration of linen textiles but not prevent
the deterioration at all. Beva 371, Plexisol P-550,
Paraloid B72 and starch carbamate are the most tested
polymers resistant for biodeterioration. Acryloid
F-10, Calaton CA and Mowilith are the least tested
polymers resistant for biodeterioration."
Gomaa Abdel-Maksoud
An Evaluation of selected applied polymers for the
treatment of parchment
"Representative samples of the new parchment were
prepared to be in an advanced state of degradation by
application of artificial heat aging. The degraded
aged samples are submitted to experiments concerning
applied consolidation materials (polymers) on
parchment. The purpose of this study is to establish
if an increase in the properties of parchment can be
attained with none or as less as possible
interference with the appearance of the object. A
comparison is made between six polymers by
impregnation method. Investigation of some mechanical
properties, change of color and the humidity sorption
were used to evaluate the studied polymers. The
results revealed that the polymers, which dissolved
in organic solvents, were better than that dissolved
in water."
Tanja Roje Bonacci
Goran Niksiæ
Dario Almesberger
P. Miscevic
Monitoring of Fissures on Construction of Saint Duje Cathedral in Split, Croatia
"Saint Duje cathedral in Split is composed of two
parts of distinct age. The main part, Emperor
Diocletian's mausoleum, dates at the end of the 3nd
century A.D. In the 17st century Chatolic church
added the "chorus"at the eastern side of the
mausoleum. The eastern wall of the mausoleum was
taken down in order to unify the two chambers. In the
"chorus" chamber multiply repaired fissures were
noticed. These fissures are still existent. As it was
decided that the construction needs a major repair,
the works were peceeded by instrumental monitoring of
most obvious fissures. At the same time, air
temperature and humidity within and outside the
construction were measured. Devices used enable
permanent reading of the fissure parameters, but the
readings are taken only with period of one day or
less. Devices were set up by the italian Company
SER.CO.EC. of Trieste. Monitoring was organized and
conducted by regional office of the Croatian ministry
of culture in Split. Positions of the monitoring
devices are shown Fig. 1. At first observations were
recorded daily, but as it was found out that this was
too frequent, this frequency was reduced. Initially,
eleven sensors were used. Observations on measuring
location P2 and P3 have shown almost no change of
fissure width until 18.09.1996., so that these
sensors were then repositioned to points P1 and P11
with intention to suplement the horizontal fissure
width measurements with vertical ones. These two
measuring locations are positioned on the contact of
the construction and mausoleum at core window height.
Locations P2 and P3 were abandoned."
Stuart Kleven
Use of Computed Radiology During the Archaeological
Conservation of LaSalle's Ship-- The belle
"The Belle, a French vessel that sank in1686 was
discovered in July 1995 in shallow water in Matagorda
Bay, Texas. The shipwreck is considered one of the
earliest and most important finds in North America.
The remains of the wreck were completely excavated in
1996-1997 by the Texas Historical Commission under
the auspices of the State Marine Archaeologist. All
the artifacts and the hull of the ship were sent to
the Nautical Conservation Research Laboratory at
Texas A&M University where they will be cleaned
and conserved over the next several years.
Rene-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de LaSalle is perhaps
best known for his exploit during his previous
expedition to the New World four years earlier. At
that time he discovered Illinois and the Mississippi
River. He followed the Mississippi River all the way
down to the Gulf of Mexico at that time. He then
claimed all the land bounded by it in the name of
France. Two years later he had convinced Louis the
XIV, the king of France to commit four ships to an
expedition to colonize the new territory and gain a
foothold before Spain could do so. In August of 1684
LaSalle left France with four ships, colonist and
many tons of supplies and trade goods. The three
other ships were lost by various means. One carried
crew back to France, another was captured by Spanish
pirates and the third ship hit a sandbar and sunk in
a channel near Matagorda Bay. The expedition was
doomed to failure due to desertion, hostile indians,
poor maps that existed and inadequate calculation of
latitude and longitude. Finally the Belle was lost
due to the captain's drinking and a storm that drove
the ship on to a sandbar. LaSalle was eventually
assassinated by his own men who could not tolerate
his demeanor and direction."
M. Schiekel
G. Haase
A.
Meister
M. Seibitz
Investigation of Historical Glasses Using Natural Born
Radioactivity
"From the 16
th
to the 18
th
century Saxony had been one of the richest and most
developing states in Germany. The Saxon elector
Friedrich August II, called August the Strong
supported not only the arts but also manufactures and
scientists. The Saxon E.W. von Tschirnhaus, promoted
by the elector, was one of the last all-round
scientists of the 17th century, dealing with
philosophy and also with natural and technical
sciences. Tschirnhaus was not only one of the mental
originators of European porcelain manufacturing, he
also dealt intensively with the improvement of glass
production and glass applications, especially in the
fields of scientific use. Under his direction
products of excellent quality had been manufactured
by the Dresden glassworks using special methods.
These manufacturing procedures had been applied until
the middle of the 18
th
century.
The call for glass ware was great in the elector's
court and could not been satisfied by only one
glasswork. Thus also products made by different works
had been used. Recently a considerable number of them
have been collected into museums. But nowadays it is
sometimes difficult to determine the origin of many
pieces.
The glass ware of the 17
th
until the
early 19
th
century was produced using
naturally original materials. In that way also small
amount of natural born radioactivity such as uranium
daughter products and K-40 remained in the final
products. Their concentration depends on the location
the material had been got from and the glass refining
procedures.
Investigating glass ware of known origin it is
possible to determine special concentrations of
natural born radioactivity as fingerprints of this
glassworks."
Peter Vandenabeele
Luc Moens
The application of Raman Spectroscopy for the
Non-destructive Analysis of Art Objects
"The spectroscopic examination of artworks is of
high importance for conservators, art-historians and
keepers of private or public museum collections.
These investigations reveal information, which is of
general (art-) historical interest: the knowledge of
the artistic materials that were used and were
available at a certain period in a particular region
and the dissemination of new methods provide
information about the interactions between distinct
cultures and about trade routes. The knowledge on the
artists' materials that were available in particular
regions and periods can help in dating artefacts. The
retrieval of pigments with a well-known date of
invention enables to date the artefact post quem.
Other materials are known to have disappeared from
the artists' palette, because they were substituted
by others and retrieving enables to date artefacts
ante quem. Finding anachronisms in the materials that
were used, is a straightforward way for the exposure
of counterfeit masterpieces. Another method consists
of the comparison with the materials that were used
in known works of the same artist. If it is
well-established that a certain artist in a large
group of works from a particular period never used
certain pigments, finding these materials in a
suspect painting deepens the suspicion and invites
for further examinations. Besides these reasons for
the spectroscopic examination of objects of art, an
important purpose of this work is to help
conservators in finding the reasons of the
deterioration of a certain artwork and helping them
in optimising the conditions of conservation. The
main purpose of any analytical examination of
artefacts should be to gain as much information as
possible in a non-destructive way.
Molecular Raman spectroscopy is well-suited for
this purpose: it enables the identification of
inorganic and organic pigments, as well as binding
media and varnishes [3]. By focusing a laser on a
sample the intensity of the inelastically scattered
light is plotted against the Raman wavenumber, which
is proportional to the difference in energy between
the laser and the scattered light. By using a
microscope to focus the laser beam on the sample,
i.e. micro-Raman spectroscopy, one can get spectra
from particles with a diameter down to 1 æm,
which is about the usual dimension of artists'
pigments. This high lateral resolution can be used
for the examination of
embedded stratigraphic samples, of
micro-samples, or even for the
direct investigation of artefacts that can be
positioned under the microscope. For large
artefacts
fibre optics can be used for remote
investigation. In this case there is loss of
spatial resolution to some mm
In this work examples of these four different ways
of application of Raman spectroscopy are given."
Peter Vandenabeele
Luc Moens
Howell Edwards
Martine De Reu
Guido
Van Hooydonk
Identification and Classification of Natural Organic
Binding Media and Varnishes by Micro-Raman
Spectroscopy
"Many of the problems in the conservation and
restoration of ancient masterpieces are caused by the
degradation of the binding medium or the varnish
layer. Numerous different natural organic binding
materials have been used; therefore, the
identification of these materials is of high
importance.
For the characterisation of binding media with
separation methods, such as gas chromatography (GC),
liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capilary
electrophoresis (CE) generally a large sample is
required (typically more than 100 æg).
Moreover, the extensive sample preparation and the
multi-parameter operating conditions make alternative
methods desirable. Raman spectroscopy is a
nondestructive spectroscopic method, which can be
used for the identification of small samples
(typically less than 1 æg) of the materials
used in objects of art, such as inorganic and organic
pigments and natural binders and varnishes. The
Raman-spectra are a fingerprint of the molecular
structure of these materials, which can be used for
their identification and for the study of degradation
processes.
A classification of natural organic binding media
and varnishes is proposed which is based on their
characteristic chemical functionalities, as revealed
by their molecular Raman-spectra [1]. Four major
groups can be distinguished, namely the proteinaceous
binding media, the resins, the fatty acid containing
materials and the polysaccharide binding media."
Raffaella Geometrante
Dario
Almesberger
Antonio Rizzo
Characterisation of the State of compression of Pietra
D'Istria elements by Non Destructive Ultrasonic
Technique
"About the 80% of the Venetian monuments and
edifices have been built up, decorated or covered by
limestone coming from quarries located in the Istria
peninsula.
Nowadays, these pits are still exploited for the
extraction of Pietra d'Istria stone, and their veins
have maintained the main characteristics
unchanged.
This means that through the studying of the
properties of limestone produced by these quarries in
our days it could be possible to gain some new
insight also into the material widely used in the
Venetian architecture during past centuries.
Starting from these assumptions, the purpose of
this work was to characterise the material extracted
from the above mentioned limestone quarries so to
obtain a complete understanding of its properties and
therefore to achieve a better comprehension of the
issue concerning the anamnesis, diagnostic,
monitoring, conservation and restoration of numerous
edifices in Venice.
In order to organise the working program, the
collaboration with the Kamen Pazin quarries has been
essential for the supply of Pietra d'Istria
samples.
After an initial evaluation of material main
physical characteristics, the dependence of
ultrasonic velocity on the compression state has been
verified using different waves frequencies (55 and
120 kHz).
Velocity and the correspondent oscillogram have
been recorded every 10 MPa during compression tests
till fracture.
Variations in ultrasonic waves velocity and shape
have been analysed and studied so to identify any
possible correlation with the load borne by the
samples.
Thanks to the results obtained, it has been
possible to achieve the purpose of this laboratory
study, i. e. to gain some insight into main
characteristics of the Orsera Pietra d'Istria and, in
particular, how its ultrasonic properties vary over a
range of effective pressure."
Z. Schauperl
S. Mahovic
B.
Runje
Determining the origin of the tray for wine and
water
"The object of analysis is a sacral item, a silver
tray for wine and water used in religious service.
The tray is owned by the Croatian History Museum,
Zagreb. The origin of the tray is unknown and there
are two assumptions:
that the tray originates from the Augsburg
period, 17th century;
that the tray is an imitation made at the end
of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th
century using galvano-plastic procedure.
This would question the value of the item.
Therefore, a detailed analysis of the tray was
carried out at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
and Naval Architecture in Zagreb, in order to
determine the technology of its production and thus,
its origin as well. Due to the value of the item, the
emphasis during analysis was on the application of
non-destructive testing methods. Apart from the
mentioned methods, the destructive instrumental
methods were applied as well. These analyses have
included a very small area of the tray so as not to
damage its homogeneity and continuity. The paper
describes the applied methods and the obtained
results. The concluding mechanism about the
interrelation of the obtained results with the
possible technologies of producing the tray has been
described and explained."
A. Boryssenko
O. Boryssenko
A.
Lishchenko
V. Prokhorenko
Characterization of Internal Water Content in Brick
Work by Subsurface Radar for Preservation of Ancient
Frescos
A. Tartari
G. Maino
E. Lodi, C.
Bonifazzi
Compton Scattering Elemental Imaging of a Deep Layer
Performed with the Principal Component Analysis
"The possibility to access samples from one side
only make the Compton scattering based techniques a
powerful method for NDT in medicine, in industrial
applications, as well as to inspect fresco's
substrates in the field of cultural heritage
conservation. In the present paper, a new Compton
imaging approach based on a combination of an
experimental set-up, and a multivariate analysis of
data is introduced in order to describe the density
variation and the elemental composition in hidden
layer of large size. An original backscattering
configuration of the set-up, where source and
detector are on the same axis, has been studied and
applied to obtain a fast voxel-by-voxel scanning of a
large surface, while the electronic density of the
layer is described by the simultaneous analysis of
the total number of backscattered photons (the
Compton integral spectrum), collected for all the
inspected voxel. The correlation analysis of the back
scattered photons coming from neighboring voxel, has
been performed in terms of Principal Component
Analysis (PCA), to describe the electron distribution
of a Plexiglas layers with a hole and some inserts of
different materials. It has been experimentally
proved that the density distribution of a homogeneous
material can be simply represented by a single PC
even in the presence of a flaw. Moreover, the
statistical analysis allows to describe the layer's
elemental composition in terms of binary compound,
two PCs, at one time."
M. Rossi
F. Casali
D. Romani
D. Picchi
Investigation of Small Egyptian Mummies by 3D Computed
Tomography
"In the last years, a collaboration between the
Physics Department of the University of Bologna and
the Archaeological Museum of Bologna has been set up
in order to examine archaeological artifacts using
advanced NonDestructive Techniques (NDT). In the
framework of this collaboration, bronze objects of
the Etruscan section have been investigated in the
past by means of Digital Radiography (DR) and 3D
Computed Tomography (CT) techniques. Important
results have been obtained concerning the inner
structure and the assembly of the samples as well as
the manufacturing techniques.
In this work, Egyptian artifacts have been
considered to be investigated. The Egyptian
collection of the Archaeological Museum of Bologna,
with its 3500 objects, is one of the richest in
Europe and in Italy.
Small mummies have been analyzed by means of an
experimental 3D CT system arranged for this purpose
at the Physics Department.
CT data allow a very fine discrimination among
materials with different densities, providing an
enormous amount of information not only about
mummies, but also about coffins and ornaments
eventually included. Moreover, multiple axial images
and full 3D visualization of the samples allow to
extract numerical measurements of size and position
of all the items identified."
M. Rossi
F. Casali
A.
Bacchilega
D. Romani
An Experimental X-Ray Digital Detector for
Investigation of Paintings
"Radiological investigations constitute a
fundamental tool for the knowledge of the inner
structure of works of art.
In the study of paintings the X-ray inspection
allows to get significant information about the
technique or the presence of underneath drawings as
well as to assess the status of the artifact and of
its frame. Moreover, the restorer can individuate
early degradation damages and adopt the appropriate
procedures for maintenance and restoration. On the
other hand, the radiographic analysis of large
paintings can demand large efforts and can be time
expensive due to long exposition time, to the
arrangement and development of the films and to the
visual analysis of the details remarked in the
radiograph.
Digital imaging techniques are under study in
order to perform these operations quickly providing
numerical images which can be processed in real time,
recorded on different media or sent on computer
networks.
This work reports preliminary results obtained
with an experimental X-ray digital detector developed
at the Physics Department of the University of
Bologna for the radiographic inspection of paintings.
Images of a test-painting have been grabbed and
processed in order to estimate the detector
performance with regard to the ordinary film-based
technique."
G. Ferrari
A. Morotti
Ultrasonic methodology in in-situ investigation of
historical masonries: a theoretical-experimental
experience
"The measurement of the propagation velocity of
ultrasonic pulses diffusing through the facings of
the brick masonry was made possible by the use of
test equipment consisting of the following
electronically connected units:
a generator of electric pulses coupled with the
relevant piezoelectric transmitting probe.
a receiving probe, similar to the transmitting
probe, turning the mechanical vibrations, picked up
on the surface of the wall facing, into electric
signals to be amplified and synchronised.
an electronic circuit measuring the time
interval elapsing from the moment in which the
pulse is emitted until it reaches the receiving
probe.
a time display circuit.
an oscilloscope displaying the pulse
shape."
Céline Remazeilles
Véronique
Quillet
Jacky Bernard
FTIR techniques applied to iron gall inked damaged
paper
"Iron gall ink corrosion of paper is one of the
largest threat for our graphic patrimony. A great
work has been done in this field to explain the
possible mechanism of paper degradation and to
propose curative methods [1,2,3,4]. The main
degradation mechanism proposed in the literature is
the following : iron gall ink prepared with different
ingredients including tannins and vitriol causes both
acidic hydrolysis and Fe2+ catalysed oxidation of
cellulose. Paper turns brown and loses its mechanical
properties. Yet the great variety of iron gall ink
recipes [5,6], and the great variety of visual
aspects of manuscripts suggest that many side effects
could occur and contribute to the different aspects
of paper degradation (colour changes, halos,
mechanical properties).
Many analytical methods have been explored to
analyse original iron gall inked manuscripts: among
all of these, RAMAN makes it possible to identify the
paper charges and the carbon inks, Gas Chromatography
provides information on the evolution of gallic acid
and/or the binder[7,8], SEM and/or PIXE
analysis[2,9,10] are used to measure the elementary
composition of the ink and the paper. But Fourier
Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectroscopy is not fully
explored in this field. Infra Red techniques have
been largely used in the paper industry for
identification of different types of cellulose,
hemicellulose and lignin. Research were mainly
focused on paper made from wood and have been already
reviewed elsewhere[11,12]. Yet, before the XIXth
century, only hand paper sheets made from stuff were
in use, and FTIR techniques may provide further
information on this types of paper and/or on the
writing itself. Some preliminary tests have been
undertaken on original drawings, in order to identify
the kind of ink used [13]. Yet the identification of
metallogallic or organic ink via FTIR spectroscopy
appears rather difficult, since the main signal is
due to the cellulose absorption. Mosini and all[14]
pointed out that FTIR spectroscopy provides
informations on the cellulose oxidation stage. More
recently, this technique has been used successfully
to observe the paper carbonate content decrease which
results from the transformation of calcium carbonate
into calcium sulfate [15]. FTIR spectra provides also
useful information on the evolution of paper. Still
we observed that the limits and the possibilities of
the different FTIR techniques for the identification
of metallogallic inked paper have not been explored,
mainly because the interpretation of spectra is
rather difficult : indeed, the cellulose remains the
major component of the sample even in inked and
damaged paper and only small discrepancies are
observed between inked or damaged paper spectra and
pure cellulose spectra. The first point to test is
also the reproducibility of the measurements. Then
small influences can be pointed out. Despite all this
work, the interpretation of discrepancies measured on
original samples remains difficult because the ink
composition, the ink degradation and the paper
degradation may have combined influences.
In this work, we measured FTIR spectra on original
and laboratory probes by different techniques :
reflectance microscopy, diffuse reflectometry with
KBr (DRIFT), and transmission microscopy throught a
fibre. Advantages and drawbacks of each technique
will be discussed. Interpretation of spectra will be
discussed."
I. Prassianakis
I. Vardoulakis
S.
Kourkoulis
Marble monuments examination using the NDT method of
ultrasounds
"A detailed examination of the mechanical
properties of various types of marble is attempted in
the present experimental study with the aid of the
Non Destructive Method of ultrasounds. The anisotropy
directions are first determined, the various
structure imperfections are then located and finally
the values of the main mechanical constants are
determined. The experimental results obtained are
compared with the respective ones obtained from
conventional destructive tension tests. The
comparison is satisfactory and the discrepancies are
of minor importance. The ultimate goal of this work
is to check whether it is possible or not to apply
the NDT method of ultrasonics for the reliable and
safe study of the present mechanical status of
various ancient monuments of the cultural heritage of
Greece that are constructed from this specific type
of marble, since the experts working for the
restoration projects demand exact knowledge of the
mechanical properties of the various structural
elements of the monuments. The results appear to be
encouraging."
Anna Boato
Daniela Pittaluga
Building Archaeology: A Non-Destructive Archaeology
"Building archaeology tries to reconstruct the
history of existing buildings, using direct
observations of the building themselves. The
archaeologists identify and analyse the following
main data: materials, building techniques,
continuousness and gaps, demolition tracks, the way a
specific element sticks to the next one, etc. as
significant traces of the passage of the monument
throughout the different historical periods.
Building archaeology is nowadays a well defined
research field even if it is on the border line
between different disciplines. It was born, in fact,
inside the digging archaeology, but it developed
autonomously throughout the studies of the elevated
structures. This discipline must be compared, for
what regards its results, with the instruments and
methods of historians and critics of architecture; it
works, both on the academic and professional field,
within architectural conservation, studying the same
objects; it uses scientific and technological
instruments to describe, to analyse and to date
materials and architectural structures.
Knowledge comes together with respect; the aim,
here, it is to conserve the existing cultural asset
of historical buildings for the future. For this
reason the analytical techniques are non-destructive
or micro-destructive[1] and this is a kind of ethical
issue. This is a big difference between building and
excavations archaeology: in this latter case it is
required to dig and somehow destroy the target
objects in order to find them and have them visible;
but a building already shows itself, its own
surfaces, and materials, building techniques,
stratigraphy may be studied with no impact (or
minimal impact) on the object itself.
Also in the building archaeology, in any case,
destruction could seem to be a better way to obtain a
deep and sure knowledge of the "real history" of the
monument. But destruction inevitably would erase a
great part of the monument itself and what we could
gain on the pure field of the analyses would be
definitely paid on the field of the conservation. In
fact, we have not a need of simple physical
conservation but a deeper need to ensure chances of
"more" knowledge for the future. Knowledge does not
require destruction. It is rather necessary to
imagine and experiment new non-destructive methods of
investigating ancient architecture.
Not everything is visible in an existing building,
but a lot of opportunities are open for the
researcher who knows what has to be observed in it
and how. Objects are dumb for the one who doesn't
know how to question them; but they answer several
answers to the one that approaches them with
knowledge sake.
One of the archaeological question is: "WHEN?".
Establishing dates is not the final target, but it is
necessary for many other things:
to obtain meaningful and thorough description
of the development of the building;
to examine every data inside its own historical
context;
to find explanations to the "WHY?" question,
under the historical point of view;
to better understand degradation processes in
act or concluded.
The archaeologists have thus tried to elaborate
the maximum range of possible analytical instruments,
non destructive and of easy application, to obtain
relative and absolute datings. We could of course
ask: "why" the maximum range? Because in this way, if
we can not apply one specific instrument, another one
could be applied instead. Moreover, many dating
methods supply only probabilistic results, signed by
significant mistake ranges. The comparison between
different results, derived from various analytical
methods, will give us answers characterised by a
wider truthfulness. Dates are therefore searched for,
using a combination of several dating tools, where
each one of them may be applied in different
situations or to different elements, so they
compensate each other for errors.
Many non-destructive tools have been developed or
tuned-up since seventies. In Genoa (Italy) innovative
experiences have been carried-on by ISCUM[2], and
since late eighties by the "Laboratorio di
Archeologia dell'Architettura" (Faculty of
Architecture of University of Genoa). This research
efforts made the tools described below available in
Genoa and in its region (Liguria), while other groups
are now elaborating them for different regions, so
that several analytical and non destructive methods
for the archaeological studies of ancient
architecture are now employable in a very wide
territory."
Stefano F. Musso
Daniela
Pittaluga
Non-Destructive Tests for Knowledge and Intervention on
Ancient Monuments. The Works of the, School of
Specialisation in Building Restoration' of Genoa
"Within its activity, the 'Specialisation School
in Monuments Restoration' of the University of Genoa,
has applied and experimented various methods of
diagnostic and non destructive tests in the field of
architectural conservation. These experiences,
lasting from various years, regard several monuments
of our territory, among which are: the 'Boschetto'
abbey in Genoa, the castle, the civic tower and the
"Valle Christi' abbey in Rapallo, the "Dragonara'
castle at Camogli. Every time we tried to study and
understand the characters of these ancient buildings,
we used both empirical and scientific methods, sure
that not only the second ones could be rigorous and
useful for our needs. For this reason, among the
tests we usually apply are, for example:
archaeological enquires (stratigraphy,
mensiochronology, chronotypology), archaeometrical
analyses (mortars analysis for dating), rigorous
geometrical surveys (longimetric, topographic and
photogrammetric), characterisation of materials and
decay conditions (directly and by laboratory tests).
All these methods, of course, are common to many
others experiences in this field, but we linked them
to a wider look on the complex problem of the study
and conservation of the ancient and precious traces
of our architectural heritage. So, we never forget
others forms of diagnostic studies necessary for a
correct project of restoration, such as the
historical and archives researches used as a
counterpart for the results obtained from the
previous methods. We try, for this reason, to put in
a continuos dialogue all the instruments that
traditional methods and contemporary technological
development offer to sustain our efforts for the care
of architectural heritage. The real problem, in fact,
is to organise all the different enquires, the
numerous tests and surveys, to obtain:
a correct use of economic and technical
resources, both in the analytical and in the
practical phase of intervention;
significant results regarding the study goals
and intentions;
a real advancement of knowledge in all the
involved cultural fields.
We intend, therefore, to explain and show the
outstanding results of the over mentioned studies and
projects, offering to the international debate a
chance to reflect and a real advancement of our
attitude on the destiny of ancient monuments, in the
contemporary cultural and social situation."
E. Panczyk
M. Ligeza
A.
Kalicki
L. Rowiñska
B.
Sartowska
L. Walis
Neutron-Induced Autoradiography in the Study of Oil
Paintings by Tintoretto, Marieschi and Bellotto
Elisabetta Rosina
Guido
Roche
Analysis of Moisture for the Preservation of Frescoes
at Malpaga Castle
"The preservation planning of frescoes requires a
precise knowledge about the building technique of the
masonry, the microclimatic conditions inside the
rooms, its variations due to the changes of the
weather in addition to the measures of moisture and
the map of its distribution. The case study presented
in the paper regards the ancient castle of Malpaga,
which is settled near Bergamo, Northern Italy. The
building was begun in 14ø century, and it was
accomplished in 15ø century by Bartolomeo
Colleoni. Three layers of frescoes decorate the whole
surfaces. Objectives of the analysis are the
identification of the risk areas, because of the
damage already visible and the microclimatic
anomalous conditions, and the verification of the
hypothesis about the causes of the moisture. Only NDT
may be applied, because of the preciousness of the
surfaces. The measures were repeated at different
weather conditions and in the same days at different
hours. The results revealed that the orientation, the
disposition of the rooms, the number and wideness of
the openings, contribute to modify the temperature of
the air inside during the day, decreasing the
threshold of dew in few hours and, above all, many
times in a short period. The other measured variables
are due to the differences of the thickness of the
masonry and its component. The tests allowed to map
the colder areas, where dew can condense, and the
zones affected by rising damp. The results allowed to
design the specific air-conditioning plan and those
minimal interventions to decrease the effects of the
air streams nearby the surfaces of the frescoes."
D. Krstic
V. Mudronja
F.
Meder
Importance of Measuring Approach in Measurements
Performed During the Restoration and Conservation
Works
"The conservation and restoration works are, by
definition, related to a number of diverse
measurements. Moreover, by taking advantages of
modern technologies, there are constantly new
measuring methods in such works using highly
sophisticated measuring equipment. It often happens
in practice that measurements are carried out for the
sake of measurements only. This habit stays behind us
and fully defined requirements have been set on
measurements. In preparing measurements, the
following questions are asked:
What is the objective of measurements? Can the
measuring procedure fulfil the set
requirements?
Has the equipment used in measurements been
calibrated?
The paper uses an example of measuring dampness to
explain theoretically the uncertainty of the
measuring result, i.e. the capability of a measuring
system to assure the set requirements. "
Liliana Pittarello
Giuseppe Bellezza
Dario Almesberger
Raffaella
Geometrante
Anamnesis and Diagnosis of Columns and Capitals of,
Nostra Signora Delle Grazie' Sanctuary in Imperia
(Italy) and Quality Control of their Consolidation by
Ultrasonic Instruments
"'Nostra Signora delle Grazie' Sanctuary is
located in an outstanding position of Imperia (Italy)
surroundings. This intact monumental area, built up
at the end of 11
th
century, in the 1910
has been visited also by the president of USA F.
Roosevelt during his pilgrimage in Italy."
Dario Almesberger
Antonio Rizzo
Sergio Meriani
Raffaella Geometrante
Non Destructive Investigations for the Safeguard of the
Tower of the Orologio, in San Marco Square in
Venice
"This paper presents the non-destructive testing
investigations performed on the Clock Tower (Torre
dell'Orologio), placed in San Marco Square in Venice.
Various levels of damage, developed on the tower
during its life, have been investigated in order to
achieve a structural diagnosis which is determinant
for the optimisation of the restorative
intervention.
Comments on results obtained by "in situ" and by
laboratory tests are reported. In particular, the
preliminary phase of investigation, including
magnetometric, endoscopic, sonic and ultrasonic
surveys, flat-jack and relative humidity tests, is
followed by specific chemical analysis.
The information collected has been also elaborated
for the localisation of the critical points in which
measuring instruments have been installed so to
monitor the deformational behaviour of the structures
with time.
The results presented, demonstrate the importance
of non-destructive methods for the evaluation of the
strength characteristics and of the static conditions
of the structures under investigation."
Ulla Knuutinen
Anna Norrman
Wax Analysis in conservation objects by solubility
studies, FTIR and DSC
"Waxes are translucent solid substances that melt
easily. The source of natural waxes is very diverse:
mineral, vegetable and animal. Waxes contain long
chain hydrocarbons, acids, alcohols and esters or
mixtures of these. Most wax components are fully
saturated materials and this results in considerable
chemical stability and waterproofing properties.
Waxes have been used as adhesives, as painting media,
for surface coating purposes, as a component of seals
and as a modelling or casting materials. Nowadays
waxes have many uses in conservation practice.
The history of detection and identification of
waxes starts with simple tests of solubility and
melting point. [1,2] These simple tests can be
connected to modern methods of analysis to reveal
more detailed information about chemical composition
and physical properties of waxes. In our research
melting point analyses have been made by differential
scanning calorimetry (DSC). Solubility tests with
changing polarity were used as sample pretreatment
before Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)
spectroscopy.
Both of these methods (DSC and FTIR) have been
used to identify waxes,[3,4,5,6] but in combination
DCS and FTIR can provide qualitative characterisation
of decomposition processes. Differential scanning
calorimetry allows melting point determination and
thermal characterisation and FTIR can provide
molecular structural information of wax
materials."
Marius Belc
Dan Ionescu
Chemical Analysis and Metallographic Examination of an
18th Century Triptych
"The first Ecumenical Synod has decided for the
Church the fact that it is allowed and evens
well-received in front of God to paint icons. This
icons are worshipped but not as God is venerated
because it is not right so; for the worshipper it
doesn't matter if the icon is made of a certain
material or another, what it is only its image as a
symbol. That is why the Holy icons are watching over
the life of the Christian Orthodox because by
blessing and by descending of the Holy Spirit over
this pieces of work, they are not simple paintings
any more, but they become altars in front of which we
get down on our knees and pray the Saints from these
icons to help us.
The icons are witnesses of the height, which the
soul of a nation has reached living in pray, and
contemplation of God. In them we can see the power of
the spirituality of our forerunners, we can also see
the beauty of the soul burning in fulfilling
itself.
What can be more beautiful that this restore of
the values by the painter, who rakes up in the
valuable drawers of the nation and he has rounded it
up through his magic eye of artist and through his
work in front of the easel?
This paper discus the chemical analysis and
metallographic examination of a copper alloy triptych
(an altarpiece, in three panels side by side) from
the 18th centuries discovered in Dobrudja Romania.
Chemical analysis was undertaken using Optical
Emission Spectrometry and together with the
microstructure represent a complete investigation of
the sample.
Since every cultural object is in some way unique,
the conservator's first responsibility is usually to
examine and evaluate it thoroughly. After the
scientific and technical analysis the conservator
establish restoration technique and conservative
methods of treatment."
C. Oprea
Analysis and Treatment of Painting with a
Video-Microscopy System
Marco Lauriola
Massimo Mannucci
Mario Moschi
Nicola Macchioni
A reliable Inspection procedure of existing Timber
structures: the case of Guarini's Towers
roofs--Racconigi Castle (Italy)
"Load bearing timber structures are exposed during
their life to some degradation factors which lead, in
the absence of appropriate maintenance interventions,
to the loss of their structural integrity and
serviceability. But the consequences are even more
when the structures are parts of historical and/or
artistic buildings because their cultural evidence
also could be endangered or completely lost. The
paper presents a particular procedure for the in situ
evaluation of timber structures which was developed
on the basis of several years of experience both in
scientific research and on building yard. Reference
is made to the roof structures of the so called
"Guarini's Towers"--Racconigi Castle (Northern
Italy)"
V.A.M. Luprano
G. Montagna
F.
Montagna
G. Massacci
A. Giardina
A. Rotella
Correlation between ultrasonic measurements and
mechanical testings: a methodology applied to D'Amico
Palace of Milazzo
"This research is a part of a diagnostic work that
was carried out on Palazzo Marchesi D'Amico of
Milazzo in Sicily. The results of the diagnosis are
now going to be used as base for the conservation
project.
Aim of this work is to find correlation between
the results of ultrasonic measurements obtained on
two columns of the palace and the mechanical
characteristics of constructional materials, taking
also into account their anisotropy, in order to
obtain information on the mechanical behaviour of the
two columns in a non destructive way.
The constituent materials of the columns are
sandstone, of a type called in Sicily "arenaria". The
material was analysed by means of the following
analytical techniques: X Ray Diffraction, observation
of cross sections under the optical microscope,
analysis at the Scanning Electron Microscope.
Longitudinal velocity at the frequency of 50 KHz
was measured on three sections at different heights
of the two columns. A tomography analysis was done on
a section of a column. Since it was not possible to
take sample from the columns to carry out the
mechanical testing, were founded a cave from which
was token three different blocks of arenaria that was
similar, but non equal of course with respect the
material of the columns. The difference was detected
both by ultrasonic measurements and by petrographycal
observations.
Compression mechanical tests have been performed
on the material of the cave and static and dynamic
modules (obtained at 1 MHz) were compared.
This study is devote to set up a suitable
methodology for studying the mechanical behaviour of
the material of the analysed particular of the
monument, to apply when it is not possible to carry
out mechanical testing directly on the same material
and to optimise the number of tests on the same
material, considering the low availability of
materials in the conservation activities."
Vassiliki Kokla
Vassilis Konstantinou
Alexandra Psarrou
Athina Alexopoulou
Towards the Creation of generalised Computational
Models for the Characterisation of inks used in
Byzantine Manuscripts
"Many scholars researching manuscripts are
interested in the characterisation of the type of
inks found on such manuscripts as this adds vital
information to the identification of the age and
source of a manuscript. Our knowledge about the
composition of the inks used in manuscripts is
limited and even more importantly in order to analyse
the composition of the inks we had to use destructive
chemical analysis. In most cases this meant the
extraction and analysis of actual samples from the
original manuscript. With old and valuable
collections even the use of very small samples is not
a viable option as archivists and librarians will not
allow any intentional destruction of the document,
however small that it is.
An automated computer-based technique for the
characterization of inks of unknown chemical
composition, offers a desirable and non-destructive
method that can be applied to most manuscripts. In
this paper we present such a new method, which is
based on advanced digital image processing techniques
and results to an automated and non-destructive
examination of manuscripts by providing visual
analysis of ink samples.
Our techniques have been applied to inks found on
Byzantine manuscripts. These inks were characterized
through the creation of computation models using only
visual information. The images used in our
experiments were taken within the visible and near
infrared spectrum. "
Junchang Yang
Yanli Duan
X-ray Radiography Applied to the Study of the Ancient
Manufacturing Technique and the State of Conservation
of Cultural Relics
"X-ray radiography (XR) is a non-destructive
testing technology. This paper presents some
practical cases in which X-ray radiography is used
and X-ray films are highly informative in the state
of conservation and the ancient manufacturing
techniques. These cases show that X-ray radiography
is available in the study of cultural relics, which
is made of varieties of materials."
Claudio Caneva
Marco Ferretti
XRF Spectrometers for Non-Destructive Investigations in
Art and Archaeology: the Cost of Portability
"X-ray fluorescence (XRF) has been used for the
investigation of archaeological and historical
materials for some fifty years; though a great
variety of spectrometers has been successfully
employed, it is only by portable systems that
non-destructivity - one of the most attractive
features of this technique - can be fully exploited;
thanks to the possibility of working in situ,
portable spectrometers have virtually extended the
range of use of XRF to any type of object. This paper
considers the most significant applications published
so far with a special focus on the relationship
between portability and other instrument
characteristics such as, for instance, detection
limits. It also discusses whether spectrometers used
to investigate archaeological and historical
materials are actually suitable for this purpose or,
one could say, whether the designer has clear ideas
on the analytical needs in this field. Finally it
considers the possibility of improving the
spectrometers' characteristics and establishing new
analytical approaches thanks to recent advances in
detector technology."
Giuseppe Giunta
Giuseppe Calloni
Ground Penetrating Radar applications on the
Façade of St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican
"Ground penetrating radar (GPR) has been widely
applied during the recent restoration of the
Façade of St. Peter's Basilica to evaluate the
condition of conservation. The photogrammetric
restitution data have been analysed and integrated
with GPR results. A procedure for the interpretation
and processing of the experimental data has been
developed, supplying a restitution of a 3D geometric
model of the structural element studied, in a CAD
platform. The GPR surveys generated significant
information on the internal structure of the monument
concerning, travertine stone, masonry structure,
plugs, cramps irons, cavities, detachments, which
otherwise would have been obtained exclusively
through a destructive analysis. Detailed information
on the thickness and the geometry of the travertine
blocks and the repaired plugs has been obtained. A
total of 4000 m2 of the monument surface has been
mapped, including the large pilaster strips, the
large columns and the clocks located on the top of
the Façade. The extensive application of the
non-destructive technique allows a deep knowledge on
the condition of the monument."
Lectures
Yale
Preservation Lecture Series
Mary M. Brooks
Casandra Calling: Conservation pasts, presents and
futures
. Jack ('47) and Betsy O'Neill Preservation
Lecture, April 19, 2013. (audio)
Abby Smith Rumsey
But Storage
is Cheap!... Preservation in the Age of Abundance
March 17, 2011 (video)
Helen Shenton
Paradoxes of
Preservation: a personal & strategic perspective on
crossing the pond
. November 11, 2010 (video)
James J. Reilly
Sustainable
Stewardship: The New Thinking, Preservation Environments,
and Building Operations
. April 7, 2010 (video)
Serials
See
Serials/Newsletters
Reports
Ataraxia Studio
History of
Pigment (Carbon) Printing
, a chronology
Atelier de
Restauration et de Conservation des Photographies de la Ville
de Paris
Les interventions de restauration et de conservation des
photographies présentées dans l'exposition
Henry Clarke, photographe de mode
acquisition de photographies au musée Carnavalet,
histoire de Paris
Ingrid Beck
Building
Preservation Knowledge in Brazil
Council on Library and Information Resources, November
1999
British Museum
D. Thickett and L.R. Lee
Selection of Materials for the Storage or Display of
Museum Objects
. British Museum Occasional Paper 111
" [The British Museum's database of materials test
results] contains the results of the 'Oddy' tests and
pH tests carried out on materials in the Museum
during the previous five years. Some materials
release volatile components (solvents, organic acids
etc) which, in an enclosed space, may reach levels of
concentration capable of damaging objects, corroding
metals or harming organic matter, for example.
Materials testing is carried out to help determine if
(materials are safe to use with objects inside
showcases, packing crates or stores) "
COPRAC
Co-operative
preservation activities for libraries and archives: present
practice and future prospects (COPRAC)
"The COPRAC project was set up at the end of January
1998, and is working to provide good practice guidelines
for libraries and archives wishing to initiate
co-operative preservation activities, or to develop
existing activities further. By providing an overview of
current and recent co-operative activity, it will provide
a rationale for action which will help to make the most
effective use of resources at local and regional levels
and so help those responsible for developing national
preservation strategies. The main aims of the research
are to produce good practice guidelines for libraries and
archives wishing to develop co-operative preservation
activities with other information organisations, and to
make recommendations for future co-operative preservation
activities at local, regional and national levels."
Canadian Conservation Institute
Season Tse
The Science of Conservation: Surfactant Residue and
Rinsing Procedures for Historic Textiles
Council on Library and Information Resources
Cornell University Library
Library
Preservation Tutorial
Karen Colby-Stothart
Suggested Exhibition /Exposure Policy for Works of Art on
Paper
Coördinatiepunt Nationaal
Conserveringsbeleid (CNC) Reports
See also the
Mass
Deacidification
page, and
Koninklijke
Bibliotheek
, below.
Many reports in Dutch (and some in English) are available
from
CNC
, among them:
Sophia Pauk
A Proposal for Selection of Archive and Library
Material for Conservation Treatment
(PDF)
"A closer examination of some results of the
damage survey of post-1800 archive and library
material conducted at the Koninklijke Bibliotheek and
the State Archives of the Netherlands carried out by
Sophia Pauk by CNC order"
Various authors
The future of our paper past Final Report of the National
Preservation Office of the Netherlands (CNC)
on the
Mass Conservation Trial Programme
Proceedings European meeting on paper preservation.
1997
(PDF)
Expert Meeting on Conservation of Acid Paper Material and
the Use of Permanent Paper
(PDF), Proceedings Reunion
D'expert sur la Conservation de Documents sur Paier Acide
et L'utilisation du Papier Permanent, 1992
Cornell University Libraries
Manual Guides
Paper Binding for Low-Use Documentary Materials
Oxford Hollow
The Air Drying of Wet Books
The Stabilization and Housing of Palm-Leaf
Manuscripts
, John Dean
Conservation and Stabilization of Palm Leaf and Parabaik
Manuscripts
Corrugated Clamshell Box
Corrugated Slip Case
Endsheets in Common Use
The Air Drying of Wet Files and Sheets
Board Set
Quarter Leather, Library Style
Quarter Leather, Tight Joint
Guidelines for the Shortening of Binders' Titles
Marginal Materials (MM) Case
Conservation Binding Guidelines for Recasing
Mylar Sleeve
Cambodian Palm-Leaf Manuscripts: Procedures for
Conservation
Post-Circulation Examination
Quarter Buckram, Paper Sides
Jeanne Drewes
Concertina
Book Instructions
. "Concertina books traditionally were
used for Buddhist sutras or for albums of calligraphy or
paintings. A typical concertina is made from sheets of paper
pasted into a long strip that is then folded accordian
fashion into the desired length."
Robert Faltermeier
Colour
Changes Induced When Treating Copper and Copper Alloy
Archaeological Artefacts with the Corrosion Inhibitors
Benzotriazole and Amino- Mercapto-Thiadiazole
SSCR
Journal
, Vol 9 No 2, May 1998
AMT: A
New Corrosion Inhibitor?
Corrosion Inhibitor Test for Copper-based Artifacts
Buckminster
Fuller's Dymaxion House
Conservator's
Journal
Getty Conservation Institute
See entries under
Resources guides and
information repositories
above
Heritage Preservation
and
the Institute of
Museum and Library Services
Public Trust at Risk: The Heritage Health Index Report on the
State of Americas Collections
"The Heritage Health Index is the first comprehensive
survey ever conducted of the condition and preservation
needs of all U.S. collections held in the public trust.
The project was conceived and implemented by Heritage
Preservation, a national nonprofit organization, in
partnership with the Institute of Museum and Library
Services, an independent federal agency. "The survey was
planned with the advice of 35 associations and federal
agencies that serve collecting institutions. The
questionnaire was developed in consultation with 66
leading collections professionals. In August 2004, the
Heritage Health Index survey was distributed to more than
14,500 archives, libraries, historical societies,
museums, archaeological repositories, and scientific
research collections1, which included institutions of all
sizes from every U.S. state and territory. There was a
24% response rate overall and a 90% response rate from
500 of the nations largest and most significant
collections."
Iowa
Conservation and Preservation Consortium
Tips
on Preserving Scrapbooks
Tips
on Creating an Archival Scrapbook
Tips
on Preserving Your Documents
Tips
on Protective Enclosures
Tips
on Preserving Photographs
Koninklijke Bibliotheek
See also
CNC
above
R.C. Hol en L. Voogt (ed.)
Endangered Books and Documents
A damage survey of
post-1800 archive and library material held by the
General Archives of the Netherlands and the Koninklijke
Bibliotheek (National Library of the Netherlands).
December 1991
Hong Kong Leisure and Cultural Services
Department
Rock Carvings Consultancy Study Reports
and a number
of other reports concerning built heritage
conservation
Various authors
Guidelines for the conservation of leather and
parchment bookbindings
"This publication is a translated and revised
edition of the Richtlijnen voor de conservering van
leren en perkamenten boekbanden issued in 1995 by the
KB and the Central Research Laboratory for Objects of
Art and Science (since April 1997: Netherlands
Institute for Cultural Heritage (ICN)). "The
guidelines set out in this publication, make it
possible to classify types of damage to bookbindings.
Also described are the various stages of actual
conservation treatment which can be determined. Some
chapters are devoted to related subjects, explaining
in more general terms the problems involved in
bookbinding conservation."
Metamorfoze
The Dutch national programme for preservation of
library material, Metamorfoze, is an initiative of
the Netherlands Ministry of Education, Culture and
Science. It is coordinated by the National
Preservation Office of the Netherlands (BCB) of the
Koninklijke Bibliotheek, The Hague. "Metamorfoze
focuses on the preservation of manuscripts, books,
newspapers and periodicals of Dutch origin from the
1840-1950 period in libraries with a preservation
function. This material, which is an important part
of our national cultural heritage, is threatened by
the internal decay of paper."
Martin C. Jürgens
Digital Print
Identification Website and the Process Database
Preservation of
Ink Jet Hardcopies
, August 27, 1999
Caroline Marchand
Conservation of a Kayak
Minnesota
Historical Society
Archaeology
Conservation of
collections
Preserving your
personal and family treasures
Government
Records
Preserving
Your Digital Information
Museo Bagatti Valsecchi
Conservation
of the velvet wall covering in the Drawing Room
Restoration
of a wooden box with gilded pastiglia decorations
Hans Mulder and Frans Wiering
Digitisation
of European Cultural Heritage :
Products--Principles--Techniques"
.Conference proceedings,
October 1999 Utrecht, The Netherlands
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
(NASA)
Outgassing Data for
Selecting Spacecraft Materials Online
A searchable database of outgassing data of materials
intended for spacecraft. Includes data on maximum total
mass loss (TML) maximum collected volatile condensable
material (CVCM). Categories: adhesives, cable insulation
and shrink tubing, conformal coating, electrical
components, electrical shields, films and sheet materials,
foams, greases and lubricants, lacing tape and cord cable
ties, laminates and circuit boards, marking materials and
inks, miscellaneous, molding compounds, paints, lacquers,
and varnishes, potting compounds, rubber and elastomers,
tapes, thermal greases
National Council for Conservation-Restoration
Professional
Accreditation of Conservator-Restorers
National Library of Medicine
National
Library of Medicine's Preservation Practices
Stan Lester
PACR: a
competence-based professional accreditation scheme
Patricia Morris
Conserving
Works of Art on Paper: Suggestions from an expert on the care
and conservation of valuable works on paper
Originally
appeared in
The Wingspread Collector's Guide to Santa
Fe and Taos
, Volume 9
Museums &
Galleries Commission
Museum
conservation materials
(PDF)
Costumes
(PDF)
Costume accessories
(PDF)
Flat
textiles
(PDF)
Magnetic
and Digital Materials
(PDF)
Ceramics
and glass
(PDF)
Clocks
(PDF)
Furniture
(PDF)
Prints, drawings and watercolours
(PDF)
Books
(PDF)
Archives
(PDF)
Photographic materials
(PDF)
Natural
history specimens
(PDF)
Musical
instruments
(PDF)
Silver and
other polished metals
(PDF)
Plastics (20th century materials)
(PDF)
Serving
Food and Drink at Events in Museums
Simple
Guide to Protecting Conditionally Exempted Objects in situ
from Extreme Heat, Damp and Light
Using Cut Flowers and Potted Plants in Museums
National Preservation Office (UK)
Knowing the
need: a report on the emerging picture of preservation need
in libraries and archives in the UK
(PDF)
Northeast Document Conservation Center
(NEDCC)
Preservation
of Libarary & Archival Materials: A Manual
Revised and Expanded, Edited by Sherelyn Ogden, 1999. Also
available in a
Spanish
and
Russian
version.
Handbook for
Digital Projects: A Management Tool for Preservation and
Access
, Maxine K. Sitts, Editor
Technical
Leaflets
(also available in a
Spanish version
Preservation
101
(NEDCC Online Course Presented March 24, 2000)
(latest issue, PDF)
Northern States Conservation Center
Collection
Care
Information on: collection environment, numbering,
storage, exhibiting, handling, cleaning, pest control,
security, long range planning, and emergency
preparedness
Jennifer Ruffolo
Models for a State Historic Preservation
Program
, California Research Bureau, California State
Library. Oct 2002
"This CRB Note briefly describes several models for
creating a state historic preservation trust or
conservancy program. It summarizes the structures and
functions of the historic preservation programs in the
states of Washington, Florida, Vermont, Utah, and New
Mexico. Each state has a program to fulfill the
requirements of federal historic preservation law. Some
have created another organization, either a quasi-public
agency or a stand-alone non-profit agency, to carry out
other cultural resource preservation programs using some
mixture of public and private funding. This Note also
looks at three "trust" models for historic preservation.
It describes the British National Trust (a private
charity) and the National Trust for Historic Preservation
(a non-profit organization created by Congress). It also
describes the New Jersey Historic Trust, which is a
non-profit organization created by state law and funded
with public money. The New Jersey Trust is part of a
constitutionally-mandated program of open space,
agricultural lands, and historic resource conservation.
One California agency could be a model for a cultural and
historic preservation entity. The Coastal Conservancy is
a well-regarded independent board within the Resources
Agency, whose structure could be adapted to serve as a
trust for preserving cultural and historic resources.
"Issues to consider in developing a new approach for
preserving California's historic resources include the
location and structure of the new entity, and restraints
on the use of public money.
Charles S. Rhyne
The
Potential of Museum Web Sites for Art Conservation and
Historic Preservation
Architecture,
Restoration, and Imaging of the Maya Cities of Uxmal, Kabah,
Sayil, and Labná
Brandon Seah
Preservation of
Archival Materials in Singapore
[Note: I can't resist pointing out
that this most interesting and informative report was
written by a secondary school student. --wh
Chandru J. Shahani
Accelerated
Aging of Paper: Can it Really Foretell the Permanence of
Paper
, Preservation Research and Testing Series No. 9503,
Preservation Research and Testing Office, November 1995
Spencer Museum of Art
Looking at
Prints: Conservation Issues
Technical Art History Website
"The intent of the website is to make principles and
terminology of technical art history clear and accessible to
the nonspecialist and to strengthen the appreciation,
interpretation, and preservation of Old Master paintings."
University of California Libraries
Gillian Boal
Nancy Harris
Conservation of James Otto Lewis
Aboriginal Port
Folio
, (UC Berkeley's Nine-Million
th
Book)
Syracuse University Libraries
Conservation of the Nuremberg Chronicle 1493
Upper Midwest Conservation Association
(UMCA)>
Instructions
for Rolling Textiles
Instructions
For Storing Textiles in Flat Storage
Readings on
Scrapbooks
Using
Non-Original Materials in Displays
Selection
of Fabric for Lining the Interior of Exhibit Cases
Hartmut Weber and Marianne Dörr
Digitisation as a
Method of Preservation?
Final report of a working group
of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research
Association), Jul 1997
Online exhibits
Cleveland Museum of Art
Conserving the
Past for the Future
, curated by Kenneth Bé,
Associate Conservator of Paintings
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
Titian,
Tintoretto, Veronese
. Describes the examination and
conservation of a Tintoretto. The presentation includes video
of interviews, xray animation, etc
Minneapolis
Institute of Art's Restoration Online
"This exhibition presents the perspectives of
curators, conservators and visitors regarding the process
of restoring Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione's 17th
century painting:
The Immaculate Conception with
Saints Francis of Assisi and Anthony of Padua
This project is the online extension of a unique physical
exhibition , "Restoring a Masterwork" which allows the
public to observe restoration process exhibit from
September 14 through October 24, 1999 in the Institute's
galleries.
"The site's "Daily Log" provides up-to-date text,
photo and video documentation of the ongoing restoration
process. "What's Wrong with This Painting?" takes you
behind the scenes to discover what happens to a painting
over time. "Frequently Asked Questions" gives you the
answers you seek. "The Life of the Painting" traces this
work's history from the 1500s.
"Note: The Restoration Online site will remain
available for reference after the conclusion of the
restoration. For questions contact Scott Sayre, Director
of Media and Technology, ssayre@artsmia.org"
Keeping Our Word:
Preserving Information Across the Ages
"This exhibition celebrates the myriad efforts made
over time to preserve information. Centering on three
major facets--paper, books, and digital (or electronic)
technologies-- the exhibition illustrates how inseparable
the drive to retain recorded information has been from
the basic urge to record."
Canadian Museum of Nature
Video
clips of natural history specimens
"Discover what happens when certain sensitive crystals
are exposed to the environment. The first mineral,
realgar, crumbles on exposure to light, while the second
mineral, tachyhydrite, dissolves in high humidity....
"This time-lapse video was the result of a
collaboration between the CMN and the Canadian
Conservation Institute (CCI). The Canadian Museum of
Nature is a world leader in understanding damage and
deterioration in collections...."
Philadelphia Museum of Art Conservation
Department
Projects
presented for various conservation specialties
Including: decorative arts, furniture, paintings, paper,
textiles and conservation science
Directories
See also
Finding People In and Around
Conservation
Art-Care
"The purpose of the site is to provide private and public
collectors and institutions the knowledge and information
necessary to find a conservator who will best treat an object
in need of conservation."
Specialized resources
Archaeological conservation
Audiovisual Self-Assessment Program (AvSAP)
"This assessment tool is funded by the Institute of
Museum and Library Sciences, and is designed to address
the needs of cultural heritage institutions by helping to
preserve and maintain the functionality of their
audiovisual materials.
AvSAP is free and accessible to the public, providing
a series of questions designed to collect data about
collections and assess the conditions of audiovisual
items. Users may download AvSAP and host it on their own
SQL server, or access it on the web. The goal of this
assessment tool is to help collections managers develop a
prioritized preservation plan for their audiovisual
materials, including, but not limited to audio
recordings, films, and videotapes, and to educate
individuals on extending the lives of their collections
with the resources at hand.
The outcome of using AvSAP includes a refined
knowledge about developing an audiovisual preservation
plan. This tool ranks audiovisual items in order of
treatment need, providing users with a sense of what
items need the most immediate care; AvSAP ultimately
allows faculty and staff members to make more effective
preservation decisions with regard to their audiovisual
materials."
Archaeological
conservation
Kelsey Museum of Archaeology
Kelsey
Museum of Archaeology Dig Diaries
"... preservation and conservation are central to the
mission of all archaeological work. On these pages we
hope to share with you what it's like to work in the
field on an archaeological project, as well as give you a
better understanding of the work conservators do.
M.A.
Mansoor Collection of Amarna Era art
An interesting site largely concerned with the
authenticity of the Mansoor collection. It includes
reports
and data
concerning
scientific
analysis
in the authentication of Egyptian
artifacts.
National Park Service
Soluble Salts And Deterioration of Archeological
Materials
, Conserve-0 -ram 6/5, August 1998
Art History
Lee Sorensen
, editor.
Dictionary of
Art Historians
A Biographical Dictionary of Historic Scholars, Museum
Professionals and Academic Historians of Art
"Biographical and methodological information about art
historians can be difficult to find. Tucked away in
obscure obituaries or foreign-language Festschriften, the
basics of where an art historian trained or who his/her
major influence was, or even what methodology the
scholarship employs are often impossible to discern. This
database is designed to give researchers a beginning
point to learning the background of major art historians
of western art history."
Audiovisual materials
University of Illinois Library
Audiovisual Self-Assessment Program (AvSAP)
Built Environment
The
Restoration Trades Exchange
"... [T]he place to find projects, associates,
expertise or resources for your restoration business or
organization. In association with The GUILD of Fine
Craftsmen and Artisans and in an alliance with Clem
Labine's Traditional Building Magazine, we are furnishing
networking tools to the field. Networking has always been
the key to success in this diverse and dispersed field,
but not everyone has the time or wants to spend the
money.
"... [A] searchable network of over 2,400 local
restoration projects, or our searchable directory of over
3,400 restoration professionals. You can submit your own
Directory Listing or you can post your activites or
availability in the Project Network easily and at no
cost."
Glass
Corning Museum of Glass
Robert Brill
Chemical analyses of early glasses
Volume 1: The Catalogue
(PDF)
Volume 2: The Tables
(PDF)
Volume 3: The years 2000-2011 - Reports and Essays>
(PDF)
Grants & Funding
Massachusetts Board of Library Commissioners
New
England Preservation Grants
"Numerous federal and state agencies provide funding
for preservation projects in one form or another. [This
page] is a listing of those federal agencies and those
state agencies in New England and neighboring states that
provide some funding for preservation. Each listing also
provides the agency's address and phone number, a brief
description of the areas of preservation that it funds,
and what deadlines are known. ..."
Preservation & Conservation Administration
News
Grants
Historic Preservation
ePreservation
"The mission of ePreservation.net is to bring together
and share the diverse resources and experiences of the
worldwide preservation community."
Preservapedia
"Preservapedia is a free-content encyclopedia and
knowledge base. Unlike other online encyclopedias,
Preservapedia focuses specifically on technical material
related to cultural resource management and its allied
fields"
PreservationDirectory.com
"Research Tools and Marketing Resources for Historic
Preservation". Includes business service directories,
photographic databases, lists of historic societies,
etc.
Jewelry
The
International Jewellery & Precious Metal Network
(JPM)
JPM provides a free information exchange for all those
professionally or academically involved with jewellery:
Retailers, Manufacturers, Dealers in antique and estate
jewellery, Appraisers, Jewellery historians, Journalists
and authors specialising in jewellery-related subjects.
JPM can be thought of as a combination of specialist
forum, information resource and conduit for continuous
professional education (CPD). This web site is open to
all, but you must be professionally involved in the
jewellery industry and register to use the Information
Exchange and get full use of downloads.
Marine Archaeological
Conservation
Evtek Institute of Art and Design
Marine archeological conservation
Site developed by marine archeological conservation
students at Evtek
Per Åkesson
Nordic
underwater archaeology
Donny L. Hamilton
Methods of Conserving Archaeological Material from Underwater
Sites
, revision 2, 2010
Materials & Media
(traditional)
The Art Materials
Information and Education Network (AMIEN)
Albert Albano and Mark Gottsegen, Co-Directors
"AMIEN is dedicated to providing, without regard to
esthetics, the most comprehensive, up-to-date, accurate,
and unbiased factual information about artists'
materials. The information is based on the most current
scientific knowledge from peer-reviewed sources regarding
quality, durability, and health hazards, and on original
research conducted at AMIEN. The information is not
prescriptive: AMIEN does not tell artists how to make
art. We want artists to be able to make intelligent
choices about any material used to make art, and we want
to help artists make art safely. "Our goal is to reach as
many artists as possible, amateur, student, and
professional alike as in order to fulfill the mission of
AMIEN."
Nancy Ash
Faith Zieske
Looking Closely at Drawing Materials
An online exhibition about traditional drawing
materials, derived from an exhibition at the Philadelphia
Museum of Art to coincide with the 2000 AIC meeting.
David N. Carvalho
Forty Centuries of Ink
The Coloring
Pages
Serving the art, science, and industry of coloring
materials using pigments and dyes
Iron Gall Ink
Corrosion
"Information on iron gall ink; its importance in
(art)history; and its slow, self-destructing properties
known as iron gall ink corrosion. The latter is a major
threat to our cultural heritage and of concern to people
throughout the world. This site was developed to inform
collection keepers, conservators, scientists and any
other interested parties of ongoing research on all
aspects of iron gall ink corrosion.
"...hosted by the European Commission on Preservation
and Access in Amsterdam. It was created in collaboration
with the Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen in Rotterdam and
The Netherlands Institute for Cultural Heritage in
Amsterdam. Contributions have come from The Netherlands
State Archives in The Hague, the Teyler Museum in
Haarlem, Thompson Conservation Laboratory in Portland,
Oregon, The Netherlands Organization for Applied
Scientific Research (TNO) in Delft, Shell Research &
Technology Centre, Amsterdam, de Koninklijke Bibliotheek
(the National Library of The Netherlands) in The Hague,
and the Municipal Archives in Rotterdam."
Michael Miller
Mind and
Matter: A Guide to Drawing Materials and Techniques
Pulp and
Paper.Net
Information about the pulp and paper industry,
papermaking, etc. (Free membership required for access to
some resources, online registration)
Metals
ICCROM
The France-Lanord collection>
"Thirty-five years ago, a unique collection of
technical cards on ancient metal structures and
deterioration processes was created by the famous French
metallurgist, Albert France-Lanord, for the ICCROM course
on "Fundamental Principles of Conservation"
This collection has recently been updated and
digitized. It is now available online
The Hendrix
Group
Copper and
Copper Alloys
Copper Corrosion Resistance Data
Aluminum Bronze
Brasses
Copper Nickel Alloys
Corrosion of Copper in Downhole Environments
Pictorial Guide
to Basic Metallurgy
Corrosion
Photographs
Technical Frequently
Asked Questions
Corrosion FAQs
Materials Selection and Properties FAQs
Stainless Steel
Property Database
Atmospheric Corrosion Properties
Cleaning Stainless Steels
Cold Working Properties
Stainless Steel Compositions
Stainless Steel Cost Data
Heat Treating Stainless Steels
High Temperature Properties
Sheet Finishes
Specification Cross Reference
Stainless Steel SCC Resistance
Stainless Steel Specifications
Stainless Steel Seawater Resistance
Properties at Cryogenic Temperatures
Plate Finishes
Intergranular Corrosion
Stainless Steel Categories
Special
Corrosion Topics
Refining Corrosion
Pressure Vessel Corrosion and Cracking
Caustic Corrosion
Crevice Corrosion in Seawater
Microscopy
McCrone Associates, Inc.
McCrone Atlas of
Microscopic Particles
"The McCrone Atlas of Microscopic Particles is an
online reference for analytical microscopists needing to
identify an unknown, or who simply want to learn more
about a particular substance."
Musical Instruments
CIMCIM
Recommendations
for the Conservation of Musical Instruments: An Annotated
Bibliography
, CIMCIM Publications No.1, 1993
Training
in Musical Instrument Conservation
, CIMCIM Publications
No.2, 1994
Copies of
Historic Musical Instruments
, CIMCIM Publications No. 3,
1994
Recommendations
for Regulating the Access to Musical Instruments in Public
Collections: 1985
, CIMCIM: the International Committee
for Musical Instrument Collections of the International
Council of Museums
Objects
The Flemish Institute for Heritage (VIOE)
Gipsconservatieproject
(Plaster Conservation Project)
"On plaster conservation there is little expertise
available. There is little research and few publications.
... [The project is] working on methods for preservation
and conservation of plaster. Several products and
techniques are tested on the extensive collection of
plaster statues of the studio Salu in Laeken.
"In a first phase [the project] has worked on
structural problems such as fractures, rusty
appearance,and stability problems. The second phase
focuses on the various surface treatments and finishes of
gypsum: patinas, varnishes, color wash, paint, bronze
rings and other forms of polychromy.
The Aim of the project is to develop: expertise within
the team; conservation and restoration techniques; and a
simple methodology to work for the preservation and
conservation of this fragile heritage.... Gypsum is also
used in the documentation of architectural and sculptural
elements of a building during and after restoration. Upon
completion of the project, a manual [will be] published
by VIOE."
Paintings
National Gallery of Victoria (NGV)
Artists' Colourmen
"Companies manufacturing and supplying artist's
materials, from the late Eighteenth Century onward, are
known as Artists' Colourmen. They marked their products,
canvases, stretchers, and boards, for instance, with
individual and characteristic stamps, stencils, labels
and embossed marks. These often carry the company name
and address, which can be used to indicate the source and
general date of manufacture of the canvas, board or
stretcher associated with an artwork. We have compiled
the occurrences of these stamps, stencils, labels and
marks found on artworks in the National Gallery of
Victoria as a resource for study and interest."
The database offers several views of the data,
accessed by browsing the list of all Colourmen found on
NGV Collection works; searching the Colourmen data by
keyword; and searching for art works with Colourmen
information.
Courtauld Institute
Canvas
for the 21st Century
"As part of one of the projects under the Designing
for the C21st AHRC/EPSRC initiative we will design and
produce prototype fabrics, for the structural
conservation of easel paintings and as artists canvas. In
consultation with conservators and artists, then by
testing, modeling (Warwick University) and working with
fabric manufacturers (Heathcote). We will revisit the
specification requirements of canvas fabrics including:
long term stability, mechanical properties, moisture
permeability, texture, handling properties, aesthetic and
commercial considerations."
The Propaint
Project
PROPAINT Final Report
"The main aim of the PROPAINT project is: To provide
conservation staff and stakeholders with innovative
protection treatments used as a preventive conservation
measure for paintings during exhibition, storage and
transit. To achieve this aim, the following research
themes will be followed:
Evaluation of the protective effect of microclimate
frames for paintings.
Evaluation of the physical-chemical state and hence
the protective effect of varnishes on paintings
generally and in microclimate frames
"To preserve the paintings as close as possible to the
artists' original expression is a central focus for
national authorities, museum administrators and
conservators.
"An important part of this work is to protect the
paintings against the degrading influences of the various
indoor environments. Specially designed microclimate
frames are increasingly being used for this purpose.
"There is a growing concern about the nature of the
microclimate, which develops over time in these enclosed
spaces and its potential for damage to the paintings.
"The main aim of the PROPAINT project is to develop
innovative protection treatments used as a preventive
conservation measure for paintings during exhibition,
storage and transit. The PROPAINT project will
investigate the protective effect of microclimate frames
for paintings. PROPAINT will undertake research on the
protective effect of varnishes applied to paintings
generally and inside microclimate frames specifically.
Measurements of the state of microenvironments in
microclimate frames and the potential deteriorating
effects on paintings will be made both in the laboratory
and in the field by using, for the first time
simultaneously, several dosimeters developed in previous
EC projects. The appropriateness and synergies of their
integrated use will be evaluated. The results of the
project will allow improved design of microclimate frames
to offer best possible microclimates for conservation of
paintings during exhibition, storage and transit. The
project will contribute with improved comparative
knowledge about microclimate effects on varnishes applied
to paintings as remediation surface treatments. The
project results will also contribute to preventive
conservation measures and standards for microclimate
control of paintings."
The PROPAINT project: Improved protection of
paintings during exhibition, storage and transit
, is
implemented within the EU 6th Framework Programme,
Priority 8.1 "Policy oriented research". The project
includes 7 partners and 3 subcontractors that are
research organisations, conservation schools, museums and
enterprises. The project has an End User Group consisting
of 9 museums."
Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research
Rijksmuseum Amsterdam
The
conservaton of panel paintings and related objects
Abstracts
of Recent Literature
Tate AXA Art Modern Paints Project (TAAMPP):
Evaluating the Effects of Cleaning Acrylic Paintings
"The Tate AXA Art Modern Paints Project (TAAMPP) is a
three year project funded by AXA Art Insurance, which
enables a research team based at Tate to continue its
evaluation of the effects of cleaning acrylic paintings.
Acrylic paints and primers have been widely used by
artists since the early 1960s. They account for
approximately 50% of paint sales over the last thirty
years and they are the most common priming medium for
modern canvases. It is estimated that acrylic materials
are present in 30% of the Tate's collection of modern and
contemporary paintings. Although there is no sign that
acrylic paints are any less stable than oil
paints—in fact, they seem to be less likely to
yellow and crack with age—they will require
different conservation treatments from oils because their
different composition."
Nancie Ravenel, et al.
pemulentr2
"With the hope of starting a discussion as to how
Pemulen TR2 can and is used by other conservators, we're
posting our preparation methods and case histories of
use."
Includes MSDS, treatment reports, and cases studies
using Pemulen emulsion and gel
Palm Leaf Manuscripts
See also, above:
Dean. The Stabilization and Housing of
Palm-Leaf Manuscripts
Dean. Conservation and Stabilization of
Palm Leaf and Parabaik Manuscripts
Cornell. Cambodian Palm-Leaf
Manuscripts: Procedures for Conservation
Naoko Takagi, Yoriko Chudo, & Reiko Maeda
Conservation and
Digitisation of Rolled Palm Leaf Manuscripts in Nepal
Asian Arts: The on-line journal for the study and
exhibition of the arts of Asia
Paper
Alan Buchanan
A Methodical Visual System to Create Matching Infills for
Missing Areas in Works of Art on Paper by Dyeing Cotton Rag
Papermaking Pulp Different Shades Of Yellow, Red and
Blue
. British Association of Paper Historians no.65
January 2008
Daniel W. Mosser
Ernest W. Sullivan,
II
(compilers)
The Thomas L. Gravell
Watermark Archive
Robert W. Allison
Archive of
Papers and Watermarks in Greek Manuscripts
Metals in Paper
online (MIP): Transitional Metals in Paper
"The objectives for the thematic network "Transitional
Metals in Paper (MIP)" are:
To obtain a vertical integration of expertise,
products, technology and policy involved in the
preservation/conservation of our European cultural heritage
on paper (cellulose and lingo-cellulose materials) related
to transitional metals and their role in paper ageing and
conservation and preservation.
To combine present local networks in our European
Thematic Network.
To exchange present knowledge related to paper
conservation technology and to establish needs for
innovative paper conservation strategies consists of
assessment methods and treatment technologies on a European
level.
To disseminate information to the end-users (e.g., from
Museums, Archives and Libraries) frequently and to act as
the interface between science, end-user and supplier. To
define gaps in our knowledge solving the problems on
deterioration of paper caused by transitional metals."
Missouri State Archives
Humidification and Flattening of Documents
, Conservation
Services Notes
EVTEK
Paper
Identification Database
"EVTEK Paper Identification Database has been created for
collecting data for historic and modern paper
characterisation and identification. Evidence of historic
paper making and paper mills will also be collected. Not only
data from water marks, but also details of laid and chain
lines characteristic of hand made rag paper are documented.
Size, colour and acidity measurements, fiber morphology and
pulp type as well as paper sizing and other components in
paper have their places in the database. Also images and
detailed images of the paper samples are added to the
database. One can do searches by several choices.
"Besides the Database we collect information of the
history of paper mill existence in different countries as
well as detailed information of identification of papers from
various mills (as PDF files). The Paper Identification
Database is created by voluntary work. It has been created by
lecturer István Kecskeméti (paper conservation,
EVTEK University of Applied Sciences, EVTEK Institute of Art
and Design, Finland) and technically realised by students
Samuli Toivonen, Paavo Pekkanen and Samu Lindholm in
supervision of lecturer Aarne Klemetti from EVTEK University
of Applied Sciences, EVTEK Institute of Technology. The first
samples in to the database in November and December 2005 were
loaded by 11 paper conservator students of EVTEK Institute of
Art and Design and their lecturer Istvan Kecskeméti.
The work will continue during spring 2006 as we will
concentrate in historic Finnish made papers. We are inviting
partners from different countries to add data of historic
papers from their own region."
Simon Barcham Green
Papermaking
Moulds
"[Digital photographs of a] collection of beautiful
handmade papermaking moulds, some dating back to 1817. The
collection amounts to about 200 pairs of which I now have
digital photographs of 60 pairs"
Timothy Barrett
Mark Ormsby
Robert
Shannon
Irene Brkle
Joseph Lang
Michael Schilling
Joy Mazurek
Jennifer
Wade
Jessica White
Paper Through Time:
Non-Destructive Analysis of 14th through 19th Century
Papers
"Papermaking research conducted by Tim Barrett and
coauthors using nondestructive instrumentation and methods to
determine chemical composition, color, and thickness of
historical papers to learn more about why some papers, often
the oldest, are very light in color and stable while others
are discolored and much less permanent."
"In the fall of 2010, we completed a new analysis of 1,578
papers using only nondestructive techniques. Book,
manuscript, and printmaking papers made between the
fourteenth and the nineteenth centuries were tested using XRF
(X-ray fluorescence) and UV-Vis-NIR
(ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared) spectrometers. For each
specimen, we gathered data on gelatin and alum concentration;
calcium (Ca) and iron (Fe) concentration (in whatever form
they appeared, such as oxides, salts, or metal fragments);
color; sheet dimensions and thickness; paper strength;
publication (date, title, author, country, etc.); and quality
of materials and workmanship. We photographed each item and,
for some of the specimens, judged the likelihood that they
had been washed or resized. We also tracked whether the same
book contained sheets with differing grades of materials and
workmanship. All research methods and results of the study
are included in this website. Some details on the development
of instrumentation and techniques have been published or are
forthcoming in cited journals. This work was made possible by
funding from the Institute of Museum and Library Services,
The University of Iowa, and the Kress Foundation, with
additional support from several
"European papers we tested had higher gelatin and Ca
concentrations than papers made in subsequent centuries. They
were also thicker and lighter in color (CIE L*a*b*s-value
equivalents). Other plots indicate that superior materials
and workmanship were generally associated with higher levels
of gelatin and Ca, lighter color, and lower levels of alum
and Fe.
"We also studied the ability of three technologies to
nondestructively monitor paper characteristics during
conservation treatment: XRF to estimate concentrations of Ca,
Fe, and alum; and ultrasonic and/or UV-Vis-NIR to predict
paper-strength properties."
Newspaper preservation
University of London
Do We
Want to Keep our Newspapers?
"A conference held by the Institute of English
Studies, School of Advanced Study, University of London,
in association with the Institute of Historical Research
and the Institute of United States Studies (12-13 March,
2001). The conference was organised by Dr David
McKitterick F.B.A. (Wren Librarian, Trinity College,
Cambridge) and Mr Ian Willison (Senior Research Fellow,
Institute of English Studies, University of London).
Do We Want to Keep our Newspapers?
was
inspired by the de-accessioning (following microfilming)
of newspapers from research libraries in the United
States, Great Britain and elsewhere, which has recently
received wide publicity, following Nicholson Baker's
`Deadline' in
The New Yorker
(24 July, 2000)
and articles in
The Times
, the
TLS
and other papers. In response to this
publicity, the British Library suspended the disposal of
hard copies of foreign newspapers, pending an internal
appraisal of the condition of early microfilm.
The conference reviewed the issues involved from a
number of perspectives including those of curators,
conservators and researchers, and considered ways forward
for preserving access to the printed record of the
popular press. The issues raised have received further
ventilation in Baker's recent book,
Double Fold:
Libraries and the Assault on Paper
(Random House,
2001), and an article by Dr David McKitterick in the 1
June 2001 TLS.
The proceedings of
Do We Want to Keep our
Newspapers?
will be published by the Office of
Humanities Communication in September, 2001. The unedited
proceedings of the conference are available on this site
with the agreement of their authors. The views expressed
are those of the authors, and not necessarily those of
any of the host institutions.
Photographs
Martin W. Baumgarten
Super 8mm Cartridge Specifications and Film Notch
Codes
Includes "Specifications for Super 8mm Motion Picture
Films"
Foundation of the American Institute for Conservation
of Historic & Artistic Works (FAIC)
and
New York
Public Library (NYPL)
Characterization of Silver Gelatin
Photographs,
, Video of a collaborative workshop in
photographic conservation
A Brief History of Silver Gelatin Papers
, Paul
Messier
Using Historical Information to Identify and Date Kodak
Silver Gelatin Developing-Out-Papers
, Kit Funderburk
Exploring the Artist's Use of Silver Gelatin Photographs
(panel discussion)
. Nora Kennedy, moderator, Alison
Rossiter, Vera Lutter, and Anne Cartier-Bresson
panelists
Fuji
Fujifilm Professional Data Guide
. See especially
section 3-3. Film Identification Edge Marking, which covers
"Roll Film Edge Marking" and "Sheet Film Code Notches and
Emulsion Number"
See also another revision with
1-3. Film Identification Edge Markings and Code Notches
including "Sheet Film Code Notches and Emulsion Number"
Kodak
Code Notches for KODAK Sheet Film
Jagiellonian University
Research
Group
"Main research topics: methodology of kinetic
experiments on the degradation of cellulose and paper". See
especially the Publications page.
"The research connected with the problem of acidic
paper is mainly performed in the Research Laboratory on
the Permanence and Degradation of Paper, Reg. Lab. for
Phys-Chem. Analyses and Struct. Research (the Head -
prof. dr hab. A. Baranski). The following research is
currently done:
kinetics of cellulose and paper degradation,
methodology of artificial ageing tests,
deacidification of paper in the laboratory and on
large scale.
The Laboratory is a part of University Center for
Chemical Protection of Archive and Library Collections.
Existence of this research unit is a consequence of
making more formal ties between the Jagiellonian Library,
the Department of Chemistry of the Jagiellonian
University and the Regional Laboratory for
Physicochemical Analyses and Structural Research, Krakow,
Poland."
Di Pietro, Giovanna
Silver
mirroring on silver gelatin glass negatives
(PhD
dissertation, 2002)
"Silver mirroring is a bluish metallic sheen appearing
on the surface of silver based photographs as result of
ageing. One of the photographic processes most affected
by silver mirroring is that of silver gelatin glass
negatives, the most common photographic negative process
between the 1880s and the 1920s when they were slowly
replaced by nitrate and acetate negatives. The present
research was initiated by the findings of plates that,
beside the usual silver mirroring along the negative
edges, had mirroring stains at the centre of the plate
whose shape matched the creases of the glassine envelope
in which the plates were stored. An informal inquiry
among photographic conservators revealed that patterns
connected to the enclosure material are rather common and
they are not necessarily related to the poor quality of
the material. Although silver mirroring has been observed
since the early years of silver gelatin photography and
it has been investigated again and again in the course of
the XX century, confusion is still present on its
chemical composition, on the compounds responsible for
its formation and on the reasons for the specific
patterns.
"The aim of this work is to better understand the
mechanisms of both local and pattern formation of silver
mirroring in order to set the choice of best suited
enclosure materials and storage conditions on a more
rational basis. This work is focused on silver gelatin
glass negatives but the results and models here presented
can be easily applied to other photographic processes
exhibiting silver mirroring.
"The first chapter is a gallery of possible patterns
found on silver gelatin glass negatives. This is first of
all a visual definition of silver mirroring. Moreover, as
patterns do not arise by coincidence but they are the
result of simple physical processes, the visual features
of silver mirroring suggest the causes for its formation.
The models about silver mirroring developed in the course
of the XX century are reviewed in the second chapter. The
outcome is the definition of the open questions on silver
mirroring: the detailed microscopic processes leading to
its local formation on one side and the macroscopic
processes leading to the pattern formation on the other
side. In order to answer the first question new
experiments on the chemical composition and the physical
structure of the silver mirroring layer were performed.
Based on these results some improvements to the
well-established oxidation-migration-re-aggregation model
of local silver mirroring formation are proposed in the
third chapter.
"The reasons for the arising of the usual silver
mirroring edge patterns are investigated in the fourth
chapter. A mathematical model based on the diffusion and
reaction of gases explaining the formation of both
historically and artificially produced edge patterns is
presented.
"The fifth chapter deals with the formation of inner
patterns of silver mirroring. In this case, it was not
possible to propose a unique model explaining the
formation of the many different inner patterns that are
likely to be found on silver gelatin glass negatives. The
case of negatives with mirroring stains resembling the
wrinkles of glassine envelopes is examined in details and
a mechanism of formation is proposed. Finally, in the
conclusions, it is stated which are the contributions of
this dissertation to the development of strategies to
prevent or mitigate silver mirroring and which are the
questions on which more research is needed."
Adopt a
Photo
"Adopt a Photo is a temporary space for homeless
photos. ... A goal of Adopt a Photo is for a long-lost
photograph to be claimed by a descendant. Although it may
be unlikely that a photograph will be found by a family
member, it is hoped that all these photographs will be
adopted by a caring custodian. Until then, Adopt a Photo
will give them a home in cyberspace so that people all
over the world can see, appreciate, and value the lives
represented in the photographs. The photos are a gentle
reminder that all humanity is interconnected and that
even though we may know little about the person(s) in the
pictures, we can recognize that at some point in time
someone was proud of an accomplishment or celebrating an
important moment."
Adrew Davidhazy
Improved
Rewound Film Retriever
"How to make a film retriever out of scrap 35mm film
useful for those times you rewound the film back into the
cassette but wish to pull it back out for some reason or
another."
Paul Messier
This site contains a wealth of technical information,
with resources in a number of areas including photographic
conservation, photographic documentation, history of
photograph, imaging, preservation of electronic media, and
more."
Papers
Papers by Paul Messier include:
"Pursing Automated Classification of Historic
Photographic Papers from Raking Light Images
(Draft)", 2014.
"Automated Surface Texture Classificatioin of
Inkjet Photogrphic Media", 2013
"The Paul Messier Black and White Photographic
Papers Collection", 2012
"Photographic Papers in the 20th Century:
Methodologies for Authentication, Understanding and
Dating", 2011
"Authenticity Scandals and Their Impact on the
Fine Art Photography Marketplace". Lead article in
Appraisers Association of America News
Fall 2011
"Correlation Between Gloss Reflectance and
Surface Texture in Photographic Paper", co-author
with Christopher Brown and Kevin Vessot, in press,
2011.
"A Technical Analysis of Le Violon D'Ingres"
appears in the Pace/MacGill catalog for the
exhibition Long Arm Of Coincidence, Apr 2009.
"Impact of Authenticity Scandals on the Field of
Photograph Conservation", 2009
"Automating Art Print Authentication Using Metric
Learning", (co-author w/ C.Parker), 2009
"History of 20th Century Black and White Papers",
2008
"Notes on Dating Photographic Paper", 2005
"Crayon Portraits", 2006
"Optical Brightening Agents" in
Photographic Paper
, 2005
"Preservation of Photographs: Handling, Storage,
Display, Conservation & Restoration", 2005
"Authenticity Issues in Photography", 2004
"Color Photographs: a Timeline", 2002
"Dara Birnbaum's ¿Tiananmen Square:
Break-In Transmission.¿ A Case Study in the
Examination, Documentation and Preservation of a
Video-Based Installation", 2001
"Laser Analysis and Cleaning of 19th C
Daguerreotypes", 2000.
"Laser Ablation Mass Spectroscopy of 19th C.
Daguerreotypes (co-author w/ D.L. Hogan et al.)",
1999
"Photo Conservation Training Via Video
Conference: A Project Report, (co-author w/
I.Brückle)", 1999
"Cleaning Color Photographs", 1998
"Assessing Digital Video as a Preservation
Medium", 1996
"Effects of Aqueous Treatment on Albumen
Photographs", 1994
"Physical & Mechanical Properties of Albumen
Photographs, (co-author w/ T.Vitale)", 1994
"Cracking in Albumen Photographs: an ESEM
Investigation", 1993
"Preserving Your Collection of Film-based
Photographic Negatives", 1993
"Protein Chemistry of Albumen Photographs",
1991
Papers by Jiuan-Jiuan Chen include
"Preservation System for Housing Bare Plate
Daguerreotypes", 2011
"A Photographic Reference Plate for Conservation
Documentation", 2008
"Photo-documentation of Light-Sensitive
Photographs", 2006
"Treatment Options for 19th Century Negatives",
2003
"Taking the Negative Image of a Daguerreotype",
2003
"Documenting Photographs: A Sample Book",
2001
"The "Perfect" Fill for the Magnificent Tintype",
2000
The
Paul Messier Historic Photographic Papers
Collection
"Possibly the largest collection of its kind in
the world, this collection of over 5,000 samples was
started in the late 1990s to provide, for scholars
and connoisseurs, an objective baseline for dating
and authenticating photographic prints. Papers
typically enter the collection in manufacturer sample
books or original manufacturer packages. Samples from
65 manufacturers comprising over 360 brands have
mostly been fully catalogued by manufacturer, brand,
surface texture and reflectance. Aside from the
ongoing photograph conservation research
applications, the collection also serves the
intrinsically valuable purpose of preserving the
materials of the 20th century photographer."
"The collection has provided samples for a recent
backprinting survey and has also been used for a
number of studies that have significantly expanded
the understanding of photographic papers. These
projects include a survey for optical brightening
agents, measurements of inorganic components in the
baryta layer (in collaboration with the Getty
Conservation Institute), paper fiber identification
(in collaboration with the Museum of Modern Art and
Integrated Paper Services) and stability of optically
brightened paper (in collaboration with the Art
Conservation Research Center, Carnegie Mellon
University)."
"The collection is supplemented by a reference
library documenting materials and techniques. A
webcast presentation on the collection and associated
research applications
is available from the
Library of Congress."
"Major photograph conservation studies based on
the reference collection, are listed by general
topic, main collaborators and date." [See also:
current research agenda
Phototec
Phototec
-- Links
to sites related to photography, imaging, light and lighting,
etc.
Wilhelm
Imaging Research
This site contains a wealth of information by one of the
premier researchers in imaging science.
The
Permanence and Care of Color Photographs: Traditional and
Digital Color Prints, Color Negatives, Slides, and Motion
Pictures
by Henry Wilhelm with contributing author Carol
Brower, originally Published in 1993s. Full text of this
classic work are available both as a single PDF document or
as individual chapters.)
Permanance
artcles
Plastics
pl-art
Museo Plart - Arte in plastica
Plart came into being as a polyfunctional space
dedicated to scientific research and technological
innovation for the recovery, restoration and conservation
of works of art and design in plastic. It is the
realisation of a dream with its roots in the past, and
the fruit of the coming together of business culture,
passion for contemporary art, and collecting objects and
works of art in plastic.
An idea that has grown over time, a long and
meticulous journey which has led businesswoman and art
collector Maria Pia Incutti to create the first centre of
excellence in Italy where plastic, art, research and
technology fuse to create a place unique of its kind:
Plart. From the collection of objects and works of art in
plastic, there arose the need - also felt by museums,
private collectors, and operators in the art world - to
go into more detailed research on non-destructive methods
for the conservation of artefacts made from polymeric
material, which deteriorates with time.
The development of these procedures, in addition to
having important applications in cataloguing and
restoration, is our main objective in the technological
development of industrial products based on thermoplastic
and thermosetting materials.
It's mission is
to create a studio-laboratory for restoring plastic
materials.
to organise meetings, visits, and guided tours to
create a culture of polymeric materials aware of, and
respecting, the environment.
to become a museum space open to academics and the
general public with an ever changing exhibition of the
items in the Incutti Collection and others.
to create a specialist library on the world of
plastic, equipped with multimedia support.
POPART
Preservation Of Plastic ARTefacts in museums
The aim of this international project is "to investigate
degradation and provide practical conservation guidance for
plastic items in our cultural heritage. This work is
financially supported by the European Commission under the
7th Framework Programme."
Preventive Conservation
Preserv'Art
"Preserv'Art is an interactive database of products
and equipments used for the conservation and protection
of artifacts, works of art and archival documents. It was
developed for collection managers, archivists, curators,
conservators, artists, museum technicians, students,
teachers ....
Security
Art Loss
Publishes the
ALR News: The Newsletter
of the Art Loss Register
"Supporting the vital work of law enforcement agencies
worldwide, The Art Loss Register helps with the recovery
of stolen art, antiques and valuables, discourages art
theft and prevents fraud. Founded in January 1991 on the
initiative of the insurance and art and antiques
industries and operating as a commercial venture, the ALR
is a significant development in the fight against art
theft."
The Museum
Security Network (SECURMA)
A rich source of information about all aspects of art and
museum security and safety (in English and Dutch). There is
also a
U.S.
Mirror
Mission:
to collect and disseminate information about
incidents and trade involving stolen cultural property,
an area of illicit activity that is second only to
trade in drugs and that amounts to some 4 - 6 billion
USD per year (according to FBI, March 1999).
to offer a source of related information, e.g.,
publications, security products, safety and salvage
plans, addresses of and links to related
organizations.
Highlights include:
Reports of
cultural property incidents
Museum
Security Mailing List
, and its
Archives
Archaeology,
Antiquities, Theft, and Looting
Guidelines
for the Security of Rare Book, Manuscript, and Other
Special Collections
ICMS
Cultural Patrimony Protection Publication: Subject Cross
Reference
The Bosnian
Manuscript Ingathering Project; The destruction of
libraries in Bosnia-Herzegovina
Bibliography
on art theft
Literature
on cultural heritage protection
Art Loan
Information
(with sample art loan form)
Fire
prevention and protection
and much more information
on disaster management
Illicit
Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural
Property
Textiles
OneGuyFromBarlick
Web site
Material of interest to anyone researching the history
textile industry in England. See especially
Lancashire
Textile Project
Transit, transport
See also
Getty Abstracts 2.4
above
Nathan Stolow
Conservation
standards for works ofart in transit and on exhibition
UNESCO, 2979
Science resources
Allan Barton
Solubility Parameters on the Internet
Written by the author of
CRC Handbook of
Solubility Parameters and Other Cohesion
Parameters
, this page comprises a rich collection
of pointers to resources on the topic, including both
online and print citations
BRENDA: The
Comprehensive Enzyme Information System
"BRENDA is a comprehensive database of enzymes
maintained by the Institute of Biochemistry at the
University of Cologne. Scientists collect and evaluate
enzyme function data from primary literature sources. The
site has recently been updated with new enzymes and an
entirely new search engine. Various searches can be
performed, including enzyme name, organism, or EC number.
Links to literature citations, two dimensional images,
and other databases are included for many of the enzymes.
Academic and nonprofit use is free; commercial users must
acquire a license. [AL]"
Eastern Analytical
Symposium
The Eastern Analytical Symposium and Exposition is held
each year to provide professional scientists and students
continuing education in the analytical and allied sciences
through the presentation of symposia of papers, workshops,
and short courses.
Connecticut Plastics
Chemistry Resources on the Web
Measurements/Mathematics in Chemistry, Safety in the
Lab, Elements, Compounds, Chemical Reactions, Atomic
Structure, Molecular Modeling, Periodic Table, Matter
Density, Energy, Entropy, States of Matter,
Stoichiometry, Equilibrium/Acids ,
Bases/Electrochemistry, Nuclear Chemistry, Organic
Chemistry, Alchemy, Analytical Chemistry, Analytical
Chemistry Student Resources: A collection of links aimed
at students of the subject., Practical Applications,
Monitoring Water Quality, Chemistry: Environmental
Concerns, Chemistry Journals, Ethics and Science
Antonino Cosentino
Cultural
Heritage Science
Covers methods for art examination and documentation,
specifically targeting innovative low-budget scientific
solutions
Kodak
pH Measurement of Photographic Processing Solutions
Infrared and Raman Users Group
IRUG
, "a collaboration
to encourage the exchange of information, develop IR spectral
standards, and distribute comparative spectral data for the
analysis of works of art, architecture, and archaeological
materials"
JEOL USA
Guide to Scanning Microscope Observation
Krannert Art Museum
Science in the
Art Museum
"How was it made? What are the materials? Is it
authentic? How much was it restored or repaired, and
when? These are some of the questions posed by museum
curators who must decide on conservation or exhibition
strategies.
Natural Color
System: The international language of colour communication
(NCS)
"Here you will find professional colour tools, new
products, information on colour developments and research
in the field of colour, NCS colour system, colour
psychology, education, technical solutions and how to use
colour in the environment.
The understandable international colour order system
for colour selection, specification, communication and
control of colour in design, architecture, research,
marketing and manufacturing. NCS is entirely based on how
the human being see colour.
The Scandinavian Colour Institute is responsible for
and the owner of the NCS Natural Color System."
Periodic Tables
Chemical
Elements.Com
Lenntech Water-
& Luchtbehandeling Holding B.V.
. In English, Dutch,
German, French, and Spanish
MIT
Chemicool
Royal
Society of Chemistry's Visual Elements Periodic
Table
WebElements
(professional edition)
Polymer
Science Learning Center Macrogalleria
A project of the University of Southern Mississippi, the
Chemical Heritage Foundation, the University of Wisconsin
Stevens Point
"The mission of this project is to provide working
knowledge of polymers and related concepts to students of
all levels, from K-12 to graduate-level and the general
public as well, and to do so on multiple levels, so that
the program will be both informative and entertaining to
both beginners and more advanced students of polymer
science. This program aims not only to provide an
introduction to polymer science for those pursuing
scientific careers, but to provide information in such a
way that will interest the non-scientist as well, to the
end of helping to create a more scientifically literate
general public."
Some highlights:
Glossary
Polymers Up Close
and Personal:
Information on specific polymers:
Aramids, Carbon
Fiber, Cellulose, Epoxy Resins, Nylon, Polyacrylonitrile,
Polybutadiene, Polycarbonates, Polychloroprene,
Polycyanoacrylates, Polydicyclopentadiene, Polyesters,
Poly(ether sulfones), Polyethylene, Polyimides,
Polyisobutylene, Polyisoprene, Polyketones, Poly(methyl
methacrylate), Poly(phenylene oxide), Poly(phenylene
sulfide), Polypropylene, Polystyrene,
Polytetrafluoroethylene, Polyurethanes, Poly(vinyl
acetate), Poly(vinyl chloride), Poly(vinylidene
chloride), Poly(vinylidene fluoride),
Polyvinylpyrrolidone, Protein, Rayon, SBS rubber,
Silicones, Starch
How They
Work
Some Basics, Acrylate Polymers, Vinyl Polymers, Diene
Polymers, Inorganic Polymers, Natural Polymers, Nonlinear
Polymers, Copolymers, Composite Materials, Is Glass a
Polymer?, Polymer Gels and Solutions, What Makes Polymers
Different, Thermoplastics, Rubber and Rubberiness,
Thermoplastic Elastomers, Fibers, Mechanical Properties
of Polymers, Molecular Weight, Tacticity, Miscible
Polymer Blends, Immiscible Polymer Blends, Ionomers,
Polyelectrolytes, Crosslinking, The Glass Transition,
Polymer Crystallinity
Makin'
Polymers
The Basics, Anionic Vinyl Polymerization, Cationic Vinyl
Polymerization, Free Radical Vinyl Polymerization, Making
Carbon Fiber, Emulsion Polymerization, Making Epoxy
Resins, Making Nylon 6, Making Nylon 6,6, Making
Polycarbonate, Making Polyester, Making Polyurethanes,
Making SBS Rubber, Making Silicones, Metallocene
Catalysis Polymerization, Olefin Metathesis
Polymerization, The SCRIMP Process, Ziegler-Natta
Polymerization
Characterization
Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Dilute Solution
Viscometry, Infrared Spectroscopy, Infrared Vibrational
Modes, MALDI Mass Spectrometry, Nuclear Magnetic
Resonance Spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Chemical Shifts, Size Exclusion Chromatography
Processing
SaltWiki
German version
and
English version for
authors
"A Specialized Wiki with Repository on Salt Damage to
Cultural heritage
SaltWiki
, an Internet-based,
editorially-managed information structure and a new tool
for knowledge transfer and research, provides information
on salts and damage to cultural heritage caused by
salts.
"SaltWiki consists of two areas:
The actual Wiki on the subject of "damage caused by
salts" which is available to all: debates on the
subject take place through its discussion pages,
offering readers the opportunity to comment on content
and thus contribute to a continuous improvement.
A repository (the same for the German and English
version) as data storage for the purposes of research
and instruction. Here authors can find, for example,
analysis data, physical and chemical constants, and
also graphics, photos, short videos and published and
unpublished literature. In addition, the repository is
used as a virtual research environment on the subject
of "salt damage to cultural heritage" and supports a
sustainable preservation of scientific data and allows
re-use.
"Since February 2009, support from the German Research
Foundation (DFG) has made it possible for this to be
carried out at the Hornemann Institute of the HAWK
(University of Applied Sciences and Arts) in Hildesheim,
Germany.
"All those interested in research and practice are
invited to take part and become author. See
author registration page
Other Resources
American Museum of Natural History
Paleontology
Portal
Paleontology
Portal Collection Management Module
British Library
National
Preservation Office
national preservation strategy for library and archive
collections in the United Kingdom and Ireland: principles
and prospects
(PDF)
NPO Preservation Guidance Leaflets
The
application and use of standards in the care and
management of libraries and archives
(PDF)
Preparing
funding applications for Preservation and Conservation
Projects
(PDF)
Photocopying
of library and archive materials
(PDF)
Good
handling principles and practice for library and archive
materials
(PDF)
Guidance
for exhibiting archive and library materials
(PDF)
Building
Blocks for a Preservation Policy
(PDF)
Managing
the Digitisation of Library, Archive and Museum
Materials
(PDF)
Curtains Without
Borders
Historic Painted Theater Curtains: A conservation project
to preserve historic painted scenery
Preservation in Practice Series
Preservation
of Photographic Material
(PDF)
Conservation
Employment Australia
A free noticeboard (for job listings and job seekers),
serving the materials conservation community in
Australia
Harvard University Art Museums
Investigating
the Renaissance: Examining Material Aspects of of Three Early
Netherlandish Paintings using Digital Imaging
Techniques
Indianapolis Museum of Art (IMA)
ArtBabble
See especially the
Conservation
Channel
ArtBabble
Art-Bab-ble [ahrt-bab-uhl]
noun; verb (used without object) -bled, -bling
free flowing conversation, about art, for
anyone.
a place where everyone is invited to join an open,
ongoing discussion--no art degree required.
ArtBabble
was conceived, initiated,
designed, built, sculpted, programmed, shot, edited,
painted and launched by a cross-departmental collection
of individuals at the Indianapolis Museum of Art (IMA).
It is intended to showcase video art content in high
quality format from a variety of sources and
perspectives.
ArtBabble was created so others will join in spreading
the world of art through video.
Babble On.
ArtBable
is supported by a grant from the
Ball Brothers Foundation."
International
Dunhuang Project (IDP).
"The history of Chinese bookbinding has always
suffered owing to a lack of material evidence. The
various book formats discovered among the Dunhuang
document collection provide a wealth of information
previously out of reach to scholars. However, this
resource has remained relatively untapped, attention
instead being focused on the textual content of the
documents. Bookbinding is just one of many aspects to the
study of the Dunhuang collection as physical artefacts.
This site, by combining textual descriptions with
diagrams illustrating binding techniques and photographs
of the actual objects, aims to give a comprehensive
introduction to the different kinds of Chinese
bookbinding contained in the Dunhuang collection of the
British Library."
International Fan Collector's Guild
Preservation of fans
Iowa State University
Center for
Nondestructive Evaluation
Machu Picchu: The End
of a Legend
Information concerning threats to Machu Picchu, including
World Heritage Committee Report
Steven Staggs
Crime Scene
Evidence and Photography
Forensic photography pages created by Steven Staggs
(Police Department, University of California,
Riverside)
United States Department of State
International
Cultural Property Protection
"The United States Department of State is responsible
for implementing the Convention on Cultural Property
Implementation Act (the Act). This is the enabling
legislation for the 1970 UNESCO Convention on the Means
of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export
and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property. In
accordance with the Act, United States Department of
State accepts requests from countries for import
restrictions on archaeological or ethnological artifacts,
the pillage of which places their national cultural
heritage in jeopardy. The Cultural Property Advisory
Committee, appointed by the president of the United
States, reviews these requests and makes recommendations
to the United States Department of State. Under the
president's authority, the State Department makes a
decision with regard to the request and may enter into a
cultural property agreement with the requesting country.
The cultural property staff supports these functions and
related activities and serves as a center of expertise on
global cultural heritage protection issues."
University of California, San Diego
Preservation
Education and Awareness for Library Users
Paper Sizes
EDS Inc.
Guide to
International Paper Sizes: Concise Tables of
Measurements
Markus Kuhn
International
Standard Paper Sizes
Archive Builders
Paper Sizes
and Paper Weight: Metric and US Standards
Misc
Simple
Book Repair Manual
, a multimedia training tool
presenting text and photo illustrations of ten basic
treatments. Funded by a grant from the National Center
for Preservation Technology and Training it was created
by members of the Dartmouth College Library Preservation
Services.
An exhibition about the Florence flood
L'alluvione trent'anni
dopo
version, is available
), presented by
Mega Review
(Florence
ART News), an online magazine (
English version
available
Looking at
Prints
see especially
Looking at
Prints: Conservation Issues
Combined
Raman and FTIR Study of Thecotrichite and Related
Efflorescence: The Phenomenon of Thecotrichite
, by
Anna Schönemann, Hartmut Kutzke, Bernhard Lendl, and
Gerhard Eggert
A collection of ceramics damaged by acetate salts:
conservation and investigation into the causes
, 14TH
Triennial Meeting the Hague Preprints. Lieve Halsberghe,
Lorraine T. Gibson, David Erhardt
V2_ Unstable
Media
"Art which applies electronic media - especially
digital or unstable media - reflects upon and takes into
account the meaning, idiosyncrasies and boundaries of
such media. In this process, instability is a creative
force that is essential to the continuous re-ordering of
the social/cultural, political and economic relations in
society. Instead of providing us with an orderly,
homogeneous worldview, unstable media present an image of
a world that is inconsistent, heterogeneous, complex and
variable.
"V2_ is interested in the relationships and
interactions between different media and in the
relationship between art and scientific disciplines. The
connections between art, technology, media and society
are continuously explored, by bringing together artists,
scientists and civil organizations and by initiating
interdisciplinary collaborations. Over the past 20 years
V2_ has succeeded in establishing an ongoing dialogue
within a wide network of contacts that contributes to the
development of specific (art) projects for research and
presentation. V2_ offers a critical perspective on the
futuristic promises that new media technologies always
seem to carry."
Forging the Future
"Forging the Future is an alliance dedicated to
building tools to help rescue digital culture from
oblivion. Building on the work of the Variable Media
Network, Forging the Future refines and distributes free
and open-source products that boost access and aid in
preservation. Our aim is to help creators, conservators,
and curators understand the possible futures that can be
imagined for a cultural artifact, and choose the best
among them on a case-by-case basis. Connecting all the
Forging the Future tools is the Metaserver, which enables
databases managed by different institutions to share
standardized information about creators, works, and
vocabulary."
Variable Media Questionnaire
"Works of creative expression don't lend themselves to
a one-size-fits-all preservation solution. Yet the number
and complexity of preservation options can confuse even
the most informed conservator or archivist. The Variable
Media Questionnaire can help by recording opinions on how
to preserve creative works when their current medium
becomes obsolete."
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