Distribution and origins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis L4 in Southeast Asia | Microbiology Society

Distribution and origins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis L4 in Southeast Asia | Microbiology Society
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1887
Microbial Genomics
Volume 9, Issue 2
Research Article
Open Access
Distribution and origins of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
L4 in Southeast Asia
Philip M. Ashton
1​,2​,3​
Jaeyoon Cha
4​
Catherine Anscombe
1​,2​
Nguyen T. T. Thuong
1​,2​
Guy E. Thwaites
1​,2​
and
Timothy M. Walker
1​,2​
View Affiliations
Hide Affiliations
1​
Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
2​
Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
3​
Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
4​
Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
*Correspondence:
Philip M. Ashton,
[email protected]
Published:
02 February 2023
Abstract
Molecular and genomic studies have revealed that
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Lineage 4 (L4, Euro-American lineage) emerged in Europe before becoming distributed around the globe by trade routes, colonial migration and other historical connections. Although L4 accounts for tens or hundreds of thousands of tuberculosis (TB) cases in multiple Southeast Asian countries, phylogeographical studies have either focused on a single country or just included Southeast Asia as part of a global analysis. Therefore, we interrogated public genomic data to investigate the historical patterns underlying the distribution of L4 in Southeast Asia and surrounding countries. We downloaded 6037 genomes associated with 29 published studies, focusing on global analyses of L4 and Asian studies of
M. tuberculosis
. We identified 2256 L4 genomes including 968 from Asia. We show that 81 % of L4 in Thailand, 51 % of L4 in Vietnam and 9 % of L4 in Indonesia belong to sub-lineages of L4 that are rarely seen outside East and Southeast Asia (L4.2.2, L4.4.2 and L4.5). These sub-lineages have spread between East and Southeast Asian countries, with no recent European ancestor. Although there is considerable uncertainty about the exact direction and order of intra-Asian
M. tuberculosis
dispersal, due to differing sampling frames between countries, our analysis suggests that China may be the intermediate location between Europe and Southeast Asia for two of the three predominantly East and Southeast Asian L4 sub-lineages (L4.2.2 and L4.5). This new perspective on L4 in Southeast Asia raises the possibility of investigating host population-specific evolution and highlights the need for more structured sampling from Southeast Asian countries to provide more certainty of the historical and current routes of dispersal.
Received:
01/08/2022
Accepted:
21/12/2022
Published Online:
02/02/2023
Keyword(s):
genomics
phylogeography
and
tuberculosis
Funding
This study was supported by the:
Wellcome Trust
(Award 106680)
Principal Award Recipient:
GuyE. Thwaites
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. This article was made open access via a Publish and Read agreement between the Microbiology Society and the corresponding author’s institution.
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Distribution and origins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis L4 in Southeast Asia
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Microbiology Horizons
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Microbiology Society:
10.1099/mgen.0.000955
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