Papers by Dr Surendar Singh
Interregional and international trade
... XLIV. German Monetary Theory. '90S-193l' By Howard S. Ellis. XLV. .... more ... XLIV. German Monetary Theory. '90S-193l' By Howard S. Ellis. XLV. ... (4) To describe the mechanism of international trade vari-ations and international capital movements under conditions of fixed foreign exchanges, eg a gold standard or gold ex-cl}ange standard regime. ...
The spatial economy: cities, regions and international trade
First MIT Press paperback edition, 2001 © 1999 Massachusetts Institute of Technology All rights r... more First MIT Press paperback edition, 2001 © 1999 Massachusetts Institute of Technology All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, ...
The Economic Journal, Jan 1, 1975
The American Economic Review, Jan 1, 2004
for an alternative theoretical model and Yeaple (2003a) for a model based on worker-skill heterog... more for an alternative theoretical model and Yeaple (2003a) for a model based on worker-skill heterogeneity. Tybout (2002) surveys the recent micro-level evidence on trade that has motivated these theoretical models. 5 This result is loosely connected to the documented empirical pattern that foreign-owned affiliates 1 geneity.
Journal of International …, Jan 1, 2004
The purpose of this paper is to examine the various links among foreign direct investment, financ... more The purpose of this paper is to examine the various links among foreign direct investment, financial markets and growth. We model an economy with a continuum of agents indexed by their level of ability. Agents have two choices: they can work for the foreign company in the FDI sector and use their wealth to earn a return or they can choose to undertake entrepreneurial activities, which are subject to a fixed cost. Better financial markets allow agents in the economy to take advantage of knowledge spillovers from FDI.
World Development, Jan 1, 1998
This study examines the effects of various policies on foreign direct investment (FDI) flows from... more This study examines the effects of various policies on foreign direct investment (FDI) flows from the perspective of the "eclectic theory" of international investment, and hence the advantages of foreign ownership, host country location, and internationalization. Host country policies can influence FDI flows primarily through their influence on the advantages of location in the host country. Pooled cross-section and time-series data for 49 less-developed countries (LDCs) over 1970-95 are used to examine the effects of several different types of policy/institutional variables, including corporate tax rates, tariff rates, the degree of openness to international capital flows, exchange rate distortions, contract enforcement, nationalization risk, bureaucratic delay and corruption. A multivariate analysis of the effects on FDI flows of each type of policy, with and without controls for other relevant determinants is conducted. Two different sources of FDI data are employed as well as two different measures of capital controls. Although there are methodological problems in estimation, and especially collinearity problems, and relatively severe availability constraints for some of the relevant measures, the results demonstrate the relevance and importance for FDI flows of many of the policy/institutional variables under study. They also indicate that the results from panel methods yield results that differ rather significantly from those obtained from pure cross-section analysis. Because of complementarity between the various elements of a healthy investment climate, the effects of some policy reforms estimated from models which do not control for changes in other policies may overstate the effectiveness of individual policy reforms.
New developments in the world economy have triggered research designed to better understand the c... more New developments in the world economy have triggered research designed to better understand the changes in trade and investment patterns, and the reorganization of production across national borders. Although traditional trade theory has much to offer in explaining parts of this puzzle, other parts required new approaches. Particularly acute has been the need to model alternative forms of involvement of business firms in foreign activities because organizational change has been central in the transformation of the world economy. This paper reviews the literature that has emerged from these efforts. The theoretical refinements have focused on the individual firm, studying its choices in response to its own characteristics, the nature of the industry in which it operates, and the opportunities afforded by foreign trade and investment. Important among these choices are organizational features, such as sourcing strategies. But the theory has gone beyond the individual firm, studying the implications of firm behavior for the structure of industries. It provides new explanations for trade structure and patterns of foreign direct investment, both within and across industries, and has identified new sources of comparative advantage.
… publications from Kiel Institute for the …, Jan 1, 2002
We appreciate the comments and suggestions made by three anonymous referees.
Atlantic Economic Journal, Jan 1, 2005
This paper surveys the recent burgeoning literature that empirically examines the foreign direct ... more This paper surveys the recent burgeoning literature that empirically examines the foreign direct investment (FDI) decisions of multinational enterprises (MNEs) and the resulting aggregate location of FDI across the world. The contribution of the paper is to evaluate what we can say with relative confidence about FDI as a profession, given the evidence, and what we cannot have much confidence in at this point. Suggestions are made for future research directions. (JEL F21, F23)
Journal of the European Economic …, Jan 1, 2003
We study the determinants of the extent of outsourcing and of direct foreign investment in an ind... more We study the determinants of the extent of outsourcing and of direct foreign investment in an industry in which producers need specialized components. Potential suppliers must make a relationship-specific investment in order to serve each prospective customer. Such investments are governed by imperfect contracts. A final-good producer can manufacture components for itself, but the per-unit cost is higher than for specialized suppliers. We consider how the size of the cost differential, the extent of contractual incompleteness, the size of the industry, and the relative wage rate affect the organization of industry production.
International trade and climate change policies
... 1 Climate change and the Kyoto Protocol 21 .2 The trade and environment debate 81 .3 Internat... more ... 1 Climate change and the Kyoto Protocol 21 .2 The trade and environment debate 81 .3 International trade and climate change policies 20 ...
Environmental Science & Technology, Jan 1, 2008
The flow of pollution through international trade flows has the ability to undermine environmenta... more The flow of pollution through international trade flows has the ability to undermine environmental policies, particularly for global pollutants. In this article we determine the CO 2 emissions embodied in international trade among 87 countries for the year 2001. We find that globally there are over 5.3 Gt of CO 2 embodied in trade and that Annex B countries are net importers of CO 2 emissions. Depending on country characteristics-such as size variables and geographic location-there are considerable variations in the embodied emissions. We argue that emissions embodied in trade may have a significant impact on participation in and effectiveness of global climate policies such as the Kyoto Protocol. We discuss several policy options to reduce the impact of trade in global climate policy. If countries take binding commitments as a part of a coalition, instead of as individual countries, then the impacts of trade can be substantially reduced. Adjusting emission inventories for trade gives a more consistent description of a country's environmental pressures and circumvents many trade related issues. It also gives opportunities to exploit trade as a means of mitigating emissions. Not least, a better understanding of the role that trade plays in a country's economic and environmental development will help design more effective and participatory climate policy post-Kyoto.
… exposure: assessing the impacts of climate change within the context of economic globalization
Global Environmental Change, Jan 1, 2000
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Papers by Dr Surendar Singh