Papers by erik jan zurcher
Modernizmin Yansimalar: 40'li yillarda Turkiye, 2022
The year 1946 must rank as one of the key turning points in modern Turkish history. Internal and ... more The year 1946 must rank as one of the key turning points in modern Turkish history. Internal and external pressures combined to induce the Turkish government to allow the transition to a multi-party system. Internationally, the aggressive position taken up by the Soviet government, with territorial demands and demands for joint defence of the Dardanelles and Bosphorus made it imperative to seek
The Unionist presence in the Asiatic provinces of the Ottoman Empire, 1908–1912
Middle Eastern Studies
Introduction: Understanding Changes in Military Recruitment and Employment Worldwide
Fighting for a Living
Genç Türkler: Hudut Boylarinin Çocuklari?
Muhafazakar Düşünce Dergisi, Jun 15, 2008
Contextualizing the ideology of the Turkish national resistance movement
Middle Eastern Studies, 2020
Abstract The national resistance movement that emerged in Anatolia and Thrace immediately after t... more Abstract The national resistance movement that emerged in Anatolia and Thrace immediately after the end of World War I and that was eventually successful in overturning the peace settlement imposed on the Ottoman Empire by the victorious Entente, has become such an important part of the history of the emergence of the Turkish nation state, that it is studied almost exclusively in that context: as republican prehistory. As a result almost no effort has been made to locate it within the major global developments of the era. This article tries to remedy this by analysing statements coming out of the resistance leadership over the years 1918-1921 to establish where it fits the ideological currents of the day. It concludes that four major inputs can be discerned: loyalty to the Ottoman monarchy and state; Muslim nationalism; Wilsonian self-determination, and Boslevik-inspired anti-imperialism. These influences were not mutually exclusive. Apart from being influenced by contemporary ideological currents, the National Movement was also an influencer: as a movement to preserve an existing state (and not to create or carve out a new one) it was also a pioneer of the revisionist movements of the interbellum that aimed to undo the Paris peace arrangements. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/00263206.2020.1858061.
The Late Ottoman Empire as Laboratory of Demographic Engineering
The Late Ottoman Empire as Laboratory of Demographic Engineering, 2009
... This process was reinforced by the Crimean war of 1853-54, which was lost by the Rus-sians ..... more ... This process was reinforced by the Crimean war of 1853-54, which was lost by the Rus-sians ... as their new homeland, which was to replace the lost provinces.9 The first effects of this ... When the great War broke out, the Young Turk leadership opted to take part as a belligerent on ...
The Historiography of the Constitutional Revolution: Broad Consensus, Some Disagreement and a Missed Opportunity
The Young Turk Legacy and Nation Building, 2010
Ottoman sources of Kemalist thought
Late Ottoman Society, 2013
Donated by Klaus Kreise
Turning Points and Missed Opportunities in the Modern History of Turkey: Where Could Things Have Gone Differently?
The Young Turk Legacy and Nation Building, 2010
The Ottoman Legacy of the Kemalist Republic
The Young Turk Legacy and Nation Building, 2010
The development of secularism has been a, perhaps even the, dominant theme in the history of the ... more The development of secularism has been a, perhaps even the, dominant theme in the history of the Ottoman Empire and the Turkish Republic from the early Nineteenth Century onwards. Before the mid-Nineteen Twenties, when the Republican government under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal (later: Atatürk) (1881-1938) expressly sought to end the political, social and cultural influence of Islamic institutions and to achieve a total dominance of the secular State over those institutions, this secularisation was not a primary aim of the policy makers, but a side effect of the policies formulated, which were aimed at strengthening the Ottoman State through the adoption of European methods. These policies, which prevailed during most of the Nineteenth and early Twentieth Century, especially during the period of the Tanzimat, or "reforms" (18391878), were motivated primarily by two factors: Firstly, the realisation by a number of leading statesmen and bureaucrats that the only way for ...
Renewal and silence: Postwar Unionist and Kemalist rhetoric on the Armenian genocide
The Turkish Perception of Europe. Example and Enemy
Young Turks, Ottoman Muslims and Turkish Nationalists: Identity Politics 1908–1938
Ottoman Past and Today's Turkey, 2000
Publikationsansicht. 20750411. Young Turks, Ottoman Muslims and Turkish Nationalists: IdentityPol... more Publikationsansicht. 20750411. Young Turks, Ottoman Muslims and Turkish Nationalists: IdentityPolitics 1908-1938 (2000). Zürcher, EJ. Details der Publikation. Download, http://hdl.handle.net/ 1887/2518. Archiv, DSpace at University Leiden (Netherlands). Typ, Article. ...
The Ottoman Conscription System in Theory and Practice, 1844–1918
Arming the State, 1999
Modernisering en secularisering van Turkij
Recent trends in the Historiography of the Ottoman Empire in the World War I
VENTUNESIMO SECOLO, 2018
In contrast with most European countries, in Turkey historiography of the First World War remaine... more In contrast with most European countries, in Turkey historiography of the First World War remained underdeveloped for a very long time. The war of 14-18 was overshadowed by the national independence struggle and the establishment of the new republic that followed it. It was only in the 2000s that interest in the Ottoman part in World War I really took off. It is now a flourishing field, in which - due to the increasing use of Ottoman archival resources - the recently appeared studies share one important characteristic: they hand back agency to the Ottomans themselves, who are no longer seen as puppets of the Great Powers.
Atatürk as a Young Turk
New Perspectives on Turkey, 2009
Page 1. 1 LECTURES Atatürk as a Young Turk Erik-Jan Zürcher * In the historiography of modern T... more Page 1. 1 LECTURES Atatürk as a Young Turk Erik-Jan Zürcher * In the historiography of modern Turkey, the relationship of Mustafa Kemal [Atatürk] with the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) is depicted as very contentious. ...
International Review of Social History, 1998
The introduction of conscription in the Ottoman Empire of course was closely linked to the introd... more The introduction of conscription in the Ottoman Empire of course was closely linked to the introduction of a European-style army, but it did not coincide with it.As is well known, the first attempt to create an army which was trained, equipped and dressed in the contemporary European fashion, was made by Sultan Selim III in 1792. His Nizam-i Cedid (New Order) army by all accounts was quite an impressive achievement in itself. Starting from a strength of about 2,500, the corps had 22,685 men and 1,590 officers in 1806, half of them stationed in the capital, the rest in provincial centres in Anatolia. When pressure against him and his new army on the part of the old army establishment, primarily the Janissaries, mounted, however, the Sultan succumbed without any attempt to use the considerable strength of his new army and disbanded the corps in 1808.The Nizam troops constituted a professional army. They were not recruited on the basis of universal conscription, but rather in a fashion...
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Papers by erik jan zurcher