…cold years); redundancy is the ability of the species to withstand catastrophic events (for example, droughts, large pollution events); and representation is the ability of the species to adapt to both near-term and long-term changes in its physical and biological environment (fo…

…ated with the mid Miocene and Pliocene epochs, indicating multiple colonization events during those time periods. The mid-Miocene covers a period of geological history spanning from 16 to 11.5 million years ago and the Pliocene from 5.3 to 2.5 million years ago. However, based on…