Ezombusazwe (noma ezombangazwe) iqoqo lobuqhebeqhebe obuyamaniswa nokwenza izinqumo ngamaqembu, noma ezinye izinhlobo zobudlelwane bamandla phakathi kwabantu, njengokusabalalisa izinsiza noma ubulomo. Igatsha lenzululwazi yomphakathi ecwaninga ezombusazwe nohulumeni ibizwa ngokuthi inzululwazi yezombusazwe.

Ezombangazwe igama elingasetshenziswa ngendlela enhle njengalapho ziba kukhulunywa "ngesixazululo sezombangazwe" okuwuqoba uphondo nokungabi nodlame, noma lingasebenza sakuchazisa "njengobuciko noma inzululwazi kahulumeni", kodwa futhi linomqondo ongemuhle. Lesicabango siyisachasiswa ngezindlela eziningi, futhi izinsondelo ezihlukene zinemibono ehlukene yokuthi ingabe kufanele lisetshenziswe kabanzi, noma ngokulinganisela, ngobungcweti Noma ngenjwayelo, nokuthi ingabe ukuphikisana noma ukubambisana kubalulekile kuzo.

Kunezindlelasu ezinhlobonhlobo ezisetshenziswa kwezombangazwe, ezihlanganisa ukuqhakambisa imibono yomuntu yombusazwe phakathi kwabantu, ukuxoxisana nabanye abantu bezombusazwe, ukushaya imithetho, nokusebenzisa iziphoqi zangaphakathi nezangaphandle, kuhlanganise ukulwa impi ngokumelene nezitha. Ezombangazwe sisetshenziswa kuwo wonke amazinga omphakathi, ngohulumeni bezendawo banamuhla, imishumanqa nezikhungu kufika embusweni ephethe, nasezngeni lamazwe.

Emibusweni yesizwe yanamuhla, abantu bavame ukwakha amaqembu ezombusazwe ukuze amelele imibono yabo. Amalunga eqembu avame ukuvumelana ngokuthatha ukuma okuthile ezindabeni eziningi futhi avumelane ngokweseka izinguquko ezifanayo emthethweni nakubaholi. Ukhetho imvama kuba umncintiswano phakathi kwamaqembu ahlukene.

Isimiso sombusazwe siwuhlaka oluchasisa izindlelasu zombusazwe ezamukelekile emphakathini. Umlando wemibono yezombusazwe ungalandelwa kufikela emuva endulo, emisebenzini enethonya entshona efana nomBusobala (Republic) kaPlatho nethi Ezombusazwe (Politics) ka-Arisitotile, nemibhalo yesandla ka-Komfushiyasi kanye ne-Athashasitra ka-Shanakiya empuma.

Igama elithi umbusazwe (umbangazwe) ngesiZulu lisuselwa esenzweni sokubusa + izwe, bese elithi umbangazwe lona lisuselwa esenzweni sokubanga + izwe. Zombili lwezenzo, ukubusa nokubanga, zihilelekile kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokuphatha izwe.

Ezombusazwe zingachasiswa ngezindlela eziningana, ongoti bazichaza ngalendlela:

  • Harold Lasswell: "Ubani uzothola okuthile, nini, kanjani."
  • David Easton: "igunya elabelana ngezizima emphakathini."
  • Vladimir Lenin: "ukuvezwa okuqokothelwe kwezomnotho."
  • Otto von Bismarck: "ikhono lokuhlezi ukhetha okulimaza kancane, nokuwusizo kakhulu, ezimeni eziguquguqukayo."[1]
  • Bernard Crick: "uhlobo lokubusa oluhlukile lapho abantu besebenza ndawonye ngemigudu yezikhungo ukuze baxazulule izinkiya."
  • Adrian Leftwich: "zihlanganisa bonke ubuqhebeqhebe bokubambisana, ukucebezisana nombango phakathi kwemiphakathi."
  1. ↑ Reichstag speech by Bismarck, January 29, 1886, in: Bismarck, The Collected Works. Friedrichsruher edition, vol. 13: Speeches. Edited by Wilhelm Schüßler, Berlin 1930, p. 177.