Freebase (database) - Wikipedia

Freebase (database) - Wikipedia
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Online knowledge base (2007–2016)
Freebase
Type of site
Online database
Available in
Owner
Metaweb Technologies
Google
URL
www
.freebase
.com
dead link
Commercial
No
Registration
Optional
Launched
3 March 2007
; 19 years ago
2007-03-03
Current status
Offline (since 2 May 2016), succeeded by
Wikidata
Content license
Creative Commons Attribution License
Freebase
was a large collaborative
knowledge base
consisting of
data
composed mainly by its
community
members. It was an
online collection of structured data
harvested from many sources, including individual, user-submitted
wiki
contributions.
Freebase aimed to create a global resource that allowed people (and machines) to access common information more effectively. It was developed by the American software company
Metaweb
and run publicly beginning in March 2007. Metaweb was acquired by
Google
in a private sale announced on 16 July 2010.
Google's
Knowledge Graph
is powered in part by Freebase.
During its existence, Freebase data was available for
commercial
and
non-commercial
use under a
Creative Commons Attribution License
, and an open
API
RDF
endpoint, and a database dump is provided for programmers.
On 16 December 2014, Google announced that it would shut down Freebase over the succeeding six months and help with the move of the data from Freebase to
Wikidata
On 16 December 2015, Google officially announced the Knowledge Graph API, which is meant to be a replacement to the Freebase API. Freebase.com was officially shut down on 2 May 2016.
Both Graphd and MQL, the graph database and JSON-based query language developed by Metaweb for Freebase, are open-sourced by Google under the Apache 2.0 license, and are available on GitHub. Graphd was open-sourced on 8 September 2018.
MQL was open-sourced on 4 August 2020.
Overview
edit
On 3 March 2007 Metaweb announced Freebase, describing it as "an open shared database of the world's knowledge", and "a massive, collaboratively edited database of cross-linked data". Often understood as a
database model
using Wikipedia-turned-database or
entity-relationship model
, Freebase provided an interface that allowed non-programmers to fill in structured data, or
metadata
, of general information and to categorize or connect data items in meaningful,
semantic
ways.
Described by
Tim O'Reilly
upon the launch, "Freebase is the bridge between the bottom up vision of
Web 2.0
collective intelligence
and the more structured world of the
semantic web
".
Freebase contained data harvested from sources such as
Wikipedia
NNDB
Fashion Model Directory
and
MusicBrainz
, as well as data contributed by its users. The structured data was licensed under the
Creative Commons Attribution License
and a
JSON
-based
HTTP
API is provided to programmers for developing applications on any platform to utilize the Freebase data. The
source code
for the Metaweb application itself is proprietary.
Freebase ran on a database infrastructure created in-house by Metaweb that use a
graph
model: Instead of using tables and keys to define data structures, Freebase defined its data structure as a set of
nodes
and a set of links that established relationships between the nodes. Because its data structure was non-hierarchical, Freebase could model much more complex relationships between individual elements than a conventional
database
citation needed
, and was open for users to enter new objects and relationships into the underlying graph. Queries to the database are made in Metaweb Query Language (MQL) and served by a
triplestore
called graphd.
10
Development
edit
Danny Hillis
Danny Hillis
first described his idea for creating a knowledge web he called Aristotle in a paper in 2000,
11
but he said he did not try to build the system until he had recruited technical experts.
Veda Hlubinka-Cook
, an expert in
parallel computing
became Metaweb's Executive Vice President for Product.
Kurt Bollacker
brought deep expertise in distributed systems, database design, and information retrieval to his role as Chief Scientist at Metaweb.
John Giannandrea
, formerly Chief Technologist at
Tellme Networks
and Chief Technologist of the Web browser group at
Netscape
/AOL, was Chief Technology Officer.
Originally accessible by invitation only, Freebase opened full anonymous read access to the public in its
alpha
stage of development and later required registration only for data contributions.
On 29 October 2008, at the
International Semantic Web Conference
, Freebase released its RDF service for generating RDF representations of Freebase topics, allowing Freebase to be used as
linked data
12
Organization and policy
edit
Freebase's subjects are called "topics", and the data stored about them depended on their "type", as to how they were classified. For example, an entry for
Arnold Schwarzenegger
, the former governor of California, would be entered as a topic that would include a variety of types describing him as an actor, bodybuilder, and politician.
13
As of January 2014
[update]
, Freebase had approximately 44 million topics and 2.4 billion facts.
14
Freebase's types are themselves user-editable.
Each type had a number of defined predicates, called "properties".
[U]nlike the
W3C
approach to the semantic web, which starts with controlled ontologies, Metaweb adopts a
folksonomy
approach, in which people can add new categories (much like tags), in a messy sprawl of potentially overlapping assertions.
However, Freebase differed from the wiki model in many ways. User-created types were not adopted in the "public commons" until promoted by a Metaweb employee. Also, users could not modify each other's types. The reason Freebase could not open up permissions of schemas is that external applications relied on them; thus, changing a type's schema – for instance by deleting a property or changing a simple property – might have broken queries for API users and even within Freebase itself, for example in saved views.
Discontinuation
edit
On 16 December 2014, the Freebase team officially announced
that the website and the
API
would be shut down by 30 June 2015. Google provided an update on 16 December 2015 that they would discontinue the Freebase API and widget three months after a Suggest widget replacement was launched in early 2016.
See also
edit
BabelNet
Cyc
DBpedia
Entity–relationship model
True Knowledge
YAGO
Knowledge Vault
Wikidata
References
edit
"Freebase"
Google Plus
. 16 December 2014. Archived from
the original
on 20 March 2019.
Tanon, Thomas; Vrandečić, Denny; Sebastian, Schaffert; Thomas, Steiner; Lydia, Pintscher (2016).
From Freebase to Wikidata: The Great Migration
WWW '16: Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on World Wide Web
. Republic and Canton of Geneva, Switzerland Conferences Steering Committee: International World Wide Web. pp.
1419–
1428.
doi
10.1145/2872427.2874809
ISBN
978-1-4503-4143-1
Markoff, John
(2007-03-09).
"Start-up Aims for Database to Automate Web Searching"
The New York Times
. Retrieved
2007-03-09
Menzel, Jack (July 16, 2010).
"Deeper Understanding with Metaweb"
Google Official Blog
. Retrieved
September 6,
2014
Singhal, Amit (May 16, 2012).
"Introducing the Knowledge Graph: Things, Not Strings"
Google Official Blog
. Retrieved
September 6,
2014
Douglas, Jason (2 May 2016).
"So long and thanks for all the data!"
groups.google.com
. Retrieved
5 May
2016
"graphd project on github.com"
GitHub
. 1 October 2019
. Retrieved
1 October
2019
"pymql project on github.com"
GitHub
. 15 September 2020
. Retrieved
15 September
2020
O'Reilly, Tim
(March 8, 2007).
"Freebase Will Prove Addictive"
O'Reilly Radar
. O'Reilly Media. Archived from
the original
on October 14, 2008
. Retrieved
September 6,
2014
Meyer, Scott (April 8, 2008).
"A Brief Tour of Graphd"
blog.freebase.com
. Archived from
the original
on May 30, 2012
. Retrieved
September 6,
2014
Hillis, W. Daniel (2000).
"Aristotle" (the Knowledge Web)"
. Archived from
the original
on January 17, 2013
. Retrieved
January 20,
2013
Taylor, Jamie (October 30, 2008).
"Introducing the Freebase RDF service"
. Archived from
the original
on May 16, 2012
. Retrieved
September 6,
2014
"Arnold Schwarzenegger"
Freebase
. Archived from
the original
on 2012-07-03
. Retrieved
2014-02-14
"Explore Freebase Data"
www.freebase.com
. Archived from
the original
on 2010-06-14
. Retrieved
2013-02-14
External links
edit
Wikidata
has the property:
Freebase ID (P646)
(see
uses
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
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