FTSE 100 Index - Wikipedia

FTSE 100 Index - Wikipedia
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
British stock market index
"UKX" redirects here. For the airport code, see
Ust-Kut Airport
FTSE 100
Performance of the FTSE 100 index between January 1984 and March 2026
Foundation
3 January 1984
Operator
FTSE Russell
Exchanges
London Stock Exchange
Trading symbol
UKX
Constituents
100 (March 2026)
Type
Large-cap
Market cap
£2.436
trillion (March 2026)
Weighting method
Capitalisation-weighted
Related indices
FTSE 250 Index
FTSE 350 Index
FTSE SmallCap Index
FTSE All-Share Index
FTSE Fledgling Index
FTSE AIM UK 50 Index
Website
official website
Reuters
.FTSE
Bloomberg
UKX:IND
The
Financial Times Stock Exchange 100 Index
, also called the
FTSE 100 Index
FTSE 100
FTSE
or, informally, the "
Footsie
, is one of the United Kingdom's best-known
stock market indices
and represents the 100 most
highly capitalised
blue chips
listed on the
London Stock Exchange
History
edit
The index started on 3 January 1984,
having been constructed by the
London Stock Exchange
to better reflect activity on the market. The index would replace the
Financial Times
own
FT 30
after its public unveiling on 14 February.
As late as 10 February, the Stock Exchange referred to the index as 'SE 100', cutting out the
Financial Times
who had not contributed to its construction. Recognition was ultimately given to the fact that having the FT involved in the official launch possessed value.
The new index allowed the Stock Exchange's own London Traded Options Market (LTOM) to launch an
options contract
derived from the FTSE's real-time data in May 1984, while competitors
LIFFE
were quick to coincide their launch of the
futures contract
10
Usage of the index grew, although the tradeable index contracts struggled to gain traction: annual volume on the FTSE futures contract fell short of 89,000 in 1985, pale in comparison to the 15 million lots traded on the
S&P 500
index contract.
11
By 1986,
Margaret Thatcher
's sweeping financial deregulation and high profile privatisations of index members
British Telecom
British Gas
, and
British Aerospace
had culminated in the
Big Bang
12
The combination of a new index, major privatisations, LIFFE tradable derivatives, and promotion by the Financial Times led to the FTSE 100 becoming the most widely used indicator of whether the UK stock market was rising or falling.
13
In 1987, privatisations continued with
British Airways
and
British Petroleum
. The latter concluded on the same day as
Black Monday
, a crash in which the index fell 21.73% in two days; one of those days is still the index's worst single-day return, –12.22%.
12
While the index was in freefall trading volume of the futures contract hit a record high of 9,111 contracts in a single day. By comparison the volume in the week preceding the crash averaged 2,400 contracts per day.
14
By the spring of 1992 LTOM was sold to LIFFE for a nominal sum, consolidating derivatives of the FTSE 100 index into one exchange.
15
16
17
Trading of these instruments remained solely in the
institutional
domain since the significant investment required to deliver
electronic trading
limited retail access at the time.
18
Nonetheless annual volumes for 1992 in FTSE futures and options contracts hit a new high of 2.6 million and 2.2 million respectively.
19
In the autumn the
Bank of England
directed by
HM Treasury
under
John Major's
government failed to prop up
sterling
to maintain the
European Exchange Rate Mechanism
. A swift
devaluation
of sterling on
Black Wednesday
and exit from the
ERM
benefitted the globally trading FTSE index constituents enormously as
exports
became cheaper overnight.
20
Closing on the 15 September 1992 at 2,370.0 the index would almost triple by the end of the decade hitting a high of 6,930.2 on 30 December 1999.
21
In 2024, there were the most delistings from the London market since the
2008 financial crisis
, with companies citing higher valuations and cheaper costs available by switching to
NYSE
. Among them
Ashtead Group
CRH
, and
Flutter
represented almost £120 billion in FTSE 100
market capitalisation
. Takeovers from
private equity
further reduced the available pool of companies that could be drawn on to populate the index, with
Hargreaves Lansdown
also set to delist. Across the entire exchange there were five delistings for every new issue, with speculation at the close of the year around the future of index stalwarts
British American Tobacco
Rio Tinto
, and
Shell
22
Description
edit
The
index
has trading symbol UKX
and is maintained by
FTSE Russell
, a wholly owned
subsidiary
of
London Stock Exchange Group
, which originated as a joint venture between the
Financial Times
and the
London Stock Exchange
. It is calculated in
real time
and published every second when the market is open.
The FTSE 100 broadly consists of the largest 100 qualifying UK companies by full market value.
23
The total market value of a company is calculated by multiplying the share price of the company by the total number of shares they have issued.
24
The index therefore only reacts to a change in the market value of the companies excluding any dividend income an investor may otherwise reinvest. In order to view the effect of both market value performance and income relative to the FTSE 100 Index alone the FTSE 100 Total Return Index is used. Over the last four decades the total return index has doubled almost five times whilst the index has doubled slightly more than three times respectively.
25
Total return index from 1986 thru 2026
Further, many of these are internationally focused companies: therefore the index's movements are a fairly weak indicator of how the UK economy is faring and are significantly affected by the
exchange rates
of the pound sterling.
26
A better indication of the UK economy is the
FTSE 250 Index
, as it contains a smaller proportion of international companies.
27
Even though the
FTSE All-Share Index
is more comprehensive, the FTSE 100 is by far the most widely used UK stock market indicator. Other related indices are the FTSE 250 Index (which includes the next largest 250 companies after the FTSE 100), the
FTSE 350 Index
(which is the aggregation of the FTSE 100 and 250),
FTSE SmallCap Index
and the
FTSE Fledgling Index
. The FTSE All-Share aggregates the FTSE 100, FTSE 250 and FTSE SmallCap.
The index consists of 18
ICB
Supersectors
, four of which had a market capitalisation exceeding £250 billion as of 31 March 2026
[update]
. These are
Banks
Health Care
Industrial Goods and Services
and
Energy
, which together account for approximately 54% of the index's capitalisation.
28
On the same date, there were three companies with a market cap exceeding £200 billion:
AstraZeneca
HSBC
and
Shell
, which together accounted for approximately 26% of the market cap.
28
ICB Supersector Marketcap to the nearest billion £ sterling as at March 2026
ICB Supersector
Marketcap (£ billion)
28
Banks
394
Health Care
350
Energy
299
Industrial Goods and Services
278
Basic Resources
191
Food Beverage and Tobacco
174
Personal Care Drug and Grocery Stores
165
Financial Services
125
Utilities
124
Insurance
84
Technology
57
Consumer Products and Services
55
Telecommunications
35
Travel and Leisure
33
Real Estate
27
Retailers
25
Media
16
Chemicals
Each calendar quarter, the FTSE's constituents are reviewed and some companies exit or enter the index, resulting in irregular
trading volume
and price changes as
market participants
rebalance their
portfolios
Weighting
edit
In the FTSE indices, share prices are weighted by free-float capitalisation, so that the larger companies, with more of their stock "floating", make more of a difference to the index than smaller companies. The basic formula for these indices is:
29
{\begin{aligned}\mathrm {Index~value} &={\frac {\mathrm {Total~market~value} }{\mathrm {Index~divisor} }}\end{aligned}}
expanded to,
{\begin{aligned}\mathrm {Index~value} &={\frac {\sum _{i=1}^{n}\left(\mathrm {Price~of~stock} _{i,t}\times \mathrm {Number~of~shares} _{i,t}\times \mathrm {Free~float~factor} _{i,t}\right)}{\mathrm {Index~divisor} }}\end{aligned}}
where the sum of the products of the
{\displaystyle price}
{\displaystyle shares}
, and
{\displaystyle FFF}
for each component beginning at
{\displaystyle i=1}
through to, usually,
100
{\displaystyle n=100}
at time
{\displaystyle t}
are divided by the
{\displaystyle index~divisor}
to give the
{\displaystyle index~value}
The free float factor represents the percentage of all issued shares that are readily available for trading, rounded up to the nearest multiple of 5%. The free-float capitalisation of a company is its
market capitalisation
multiplied by its free float adjustment factor. It therefore does not include restricted stocks, such as those held by company insiders.
29
It follows that the
{\displaystyle index~divisor}
at any chosen time, when there are no changes, is derived by rearranging the basic formula to give:
{\begin{aligned}\mathrm {Index~divisor} &={\frac {\mathrm {Total~market~value} }{\mathrm {Index~value} }}\end{aligned}}
However, as with any price index the FTSE 100 Index is always changing, whether by corporate action or constituent change. In order to maintain a true reflection of market price movements the
{\displaystyle index~divisor}
is adjusted to mitigate any effect these changes have on the index value.
FTSE Russell
employs the index formula developed by
Hermann Paasche
for adjusting the
{\displaystyle index~divisor}
for values preceding a corporate action and uses the change in the
{\displaystyle index~value}
arising from the adjusted divisor to calculate the new value on the day of the corporate action.
29
The Paasche formula is given as:
{\begin{aligned}\mathrm {I} _{t}^{Paas}&={\frac {\sum _{i=1}^{n}\mathrm {P} _{i,t}\mathrm {Q} _{i,t}}{\sum _{i=1}^{n}\mathrm {P} _{i,0}\mathrm {Q} _{i,t}}}\end{aligned}}
where,
{\displaystyle \mathrm {I} _{t}^{Paas}}
= Paasche Index
{\displaystyle \mathrm {P} _{i,t}}
= price at start of day
{\displaystyle t}
for constituent
{\displaystyle i}
after adjustments for action or event
{\displaystyle \mathrm {P} _{i,0}}
= price of constituent
{\displaystyle i}
on the starting day of calculating the index
{\displaystyle \mathrm {Q} _{i,t}}
= number of shares included in the index for constituent
{\displaystyle i}
at the start of day
{\displaystyle t}
Since the index is always based on the prior value and not the fixed base value, a Chained Paasche Index is used to chain each new value with the last continuously. This is given by the formula:
{\begin{aligned}\mathrm {I} _{t}^{Paas}&=\mathrm {I} _{t-1}^{Paas}{\frac {\sum _{i=1}^{n}\mathrm {P} _{i,t}\mathrm {Q} _{i,t}}{\sum _{i=1}^{n}\mathrm {P} _{i,t-1}\mathrm {Q} _{i,t}}}\end{aligned}}
In isolation, the Chained Paasche Index will not adjust the prior closing value, resulting in an abnormal price difference. FTSE Russell utilises a
{\displaystyle price~adjustment~factor}
to give continuity, given by the formula:
{\begin{aligned}\mathrm {I} _{t}^{Paas}&=\mathrm {I} _{t-1}^{Paas}{\frac {\sum _{i=1}^{n}\mathrm {P} _{i,t}\mathrm {Q} _{i,t}}{\sum _{i=1}^{n}\mathrm {P} _{i,t-1}\mathrm {Q} _{i,t}\mathrm {PAF} _{i,t}}}\end{aligned}}
So the
{\displaystyle index~value}
or
{\displaystyle \mathrm {I} _{t}^{Paas}}
is equal to the product of the previous
{\displaystyle index~value}
or
{\displaystyle \mathrm {I} _{t-1}^{Paas}}
at time
{\displaystyle t-1}
, one period before, and the sum of the products of constituents
{\displaystyle i}
through
{\displaystyle n}
's price
{\displaystyle P}
and quantity
{\displaystyle Q}
at time
{\displaystyle t}
divided by the sum of the products of constituents
{\displaystyle i}
through
{\displaystyle n}
's price
{\displaystyle P}
at time
{\displaystyle t-1}
and their quantity
{\displaystyle Q}
and their
{\displaystyle price~adjustment~factor}
at time
{\displaystyle t}
Futures contracts
edit
The benchmark FTSE 100 futures contracts are traded on the ICE Futures Europe (ICEU) exchange, formerly the London International Financial Futures Exchange (
LIFFE
). The value of each contract is 10 GBP × index points and is specified as:
30
FTSE 100 (Z) contract specifications
Contract size
10 GBP × index points
Exchange
ICEU
Sector
Index
Contract Symbol
Tick size
0.5
Tick value
5 GBP
Basis Point Value
10
Denomination
GBP
Decimal places
On the last trading day of each quarterly futures contract, the settlement price is determined using an intraday auction of all FTSE 100 stocks on the London Stock Exchange, starting at 10:15.
30
Record values
edit
The index has reached the following record values:
Category
All-time highs
Closing
10,910.55
27 February 2026
Intraday
10,934.94
27 February 2026
The index began on 3 January 1984 at the base level of 1,000.
31
The highest closing value of 10,910.55 was reached on 27 February 2026 and the highest intraday value of 10,934.94 was also reached on 27 February 2026.
32
Annual returns
edit
The following table shows the annual development of the calculation of the
FT 30
Index from 1969 to 1983, and the FTSE 100 since 1984.
33
34
35
36
37
Year
Closing level
Change in index
(points)
(%)
1969
313.16
1970
289.61
−23.55
−7.52
1971
411.03
121.42
41.93
1972
463.72
52.69
12.82
1973
318.30
−145.42
−31.36
1974
142.17
−176.13
−55.33
1975
335.98
193.81
136.32
1976
322.98
−13.00
−3.87
1977
455.96
132.98
41.17
1978
468.06
12.10
2.65
1979
488.40
20.34
4.35
1980
620.60
132.20
27.07
1981
665.50
44.90
7.23
1982
812.37
146.87
22.07
1983
1,000.00
187.63
23.10
1984
1,232.20
232.20
23.22
1985
1,412.60
180.40
14.64
1986
1,679.00
266.40
18.86
1987
1,712.70
33.70
2.01
1988
1,793.10
80.40
4.69
1989
2,422.70
629.60
35.11
1990
2,143.50
−279.20
−11.52
1991
2,493.10
349.60
16.31
1992
2,846.50
353.40
14.18
1993
3,418.40
571.90
20.09
1994
3,065.50
−352.90
−10.32
1995
3,689.30
623.80
20.35
1996
4,118.50
429.20
11.63
1997
5,135.50
1,017.00
24.69
1998
5,882.60
747.10
14.55
1999
6,930.20
1,047.60
17.81
2000
6,222.46
−707.74
−10.21
2001
5,217.35
−1,005.11
−16.15
2002
3,940.36
−1,276.99
−24.48
2003
4,476.87
536.49
13.62
2004
4,814.30
337.57
7.54
2005
5,618.76
804.46
16.71
2006
6,220.81
602.05
10.71
2007
6,456.91
236.10
3.80
2008
4,434.17
−2,022.74
−31.33
2009
5,412.88
978.71
22.07
2010
5,899.94
487.06
9.00
2011
5,572.28
−327.66
−5.55
2012
5,897.81
325.53
5.84
2013
6,749.09
851.29
14.43
2014
6,566.09
−183.00
−2.71
2015
6,274.05
−292.04
−4.45
2016
7,142.83
868.78
13.85
2017
7,687.77
544.94
7.63
2018
6,728.13
−959.64
−12.48
2019
7,542.44
814.31
12.10
2020
6,460.52
−1,081.92
−14.34
2021
7,384.54
924.02
14.30
2022
7,451.74
67.20
0.91
2023
7,733.24
281.50
3.78
2024
8,173.02
439.76
5.69
2025
9,931.38
1,758.36
21.51
Constituents
edit
The following table lists the FTSE 100 companies after the changes on 20 March 2026.
38
Company
Ticker
FTSE industry classification benchmark sector
39
3i
III
Financial services
Admiral Group
ADM
Insurance
Airtel Africa
AAF
Telecommunications services
Alliance Witan
ALW
Investment Trusts
Anglo American plc
AAL
Mining
Antofagasta plc
ANTO
Mining
Associated British Foods
ABF
Food & tobacco
AstraZeneca
AZN
Pharmaceuticals & biotechnology
Autotrader Group
AUTO
Media
Aviva
AV
Life insurance
Babcock International
BAB
Aerospace & defence
BAE Systems
BA
Aerospace & defence
Barclays
BARC
Banks
Barratt Redrow
BTRW
Household goods & home construction
Beazley
BEZ
Insurance
Berkeley Group Holdings
BKG
Household goods & home construction
BP
BP
Oil & gas producers
British American Tobacco
BATS
Tobacco
British Land
BLND
Real estate
BT Group
BT.A
Telecommunications services
Bunzl
BNZL
Support services
Burberry Group
BRBY
Personal goods
Centrica
CNA
Multiline utilities
Coca-Cola Europacific Partners
CCEP
Beverages
Coca-Cola HBC
CCH
Beverages
Compass Group
CPG
Support services
Convatec
CTEC
Health care equipment & supplies
Croda International
CRDA
Chemicals
DCC plc
DCC
Support services
Diageo
DGE
Beverages
Diploma
DPLM
Industrial Support services
Endeavour Mining
EDV
Mining
Entain
ENT
Travel & leisure
Experian
EXPN
Support services
F & C Investment Trust
FCIT
Collective investments
Fresnillo plc
FRES
Mining
Games Workshop
GAW
Leisure Goods
Glencore
GLEN
Mining
GSK plc
GSK
Pharmaceuticals & biotechnology
Haleon
HLN
Pharmaceuticals & biotechnology
Halma plc
HLMA
Electronic equipment & parts
Hiscox
HSX
Non-life Insurance
Howdens Joinery
HWDN
Homebuilding & construction supplies
HSBC
HSBA
Banks
ICG
ICG
Financial services
IG Group
IGG
Financial services
IHG Hotels & Resorts
IHG
Travel & leisure
IMI
IMI
Industrial engineering
Imperial Brands
IMB
Tobacco
Informa
INF
Media
International Airlines Group
IAG
Travel & leisure
Intertek
ITRK
Support services
JD Sports
JD
General retailers
Lion Finance Group
BGEO
Banking Services
Kingfisher plc
KGF
Retailers
Land Securities
LAND
Real estate investment trusts
Legal & General
LGEN
Life insurance
Lloyds Banking Group
LLOY
Banks
LondonMetric Property
LMP
Real Estate Investment Trusts
London Stock Exchange Group
LSEG
Financial services
M&G
MNG
Financial services
Marks & Spencer
MKS
Food & drug retailing
Melrose Industries
MRO
Aerospace & defence
Metlen Energy & Metals
MTLN
Multiline utilities
Mondi
MNDI
Containers & packaging
National Grid plc
NG
Multiline utilities
NatWest Group
NWG
Banks
Next plc
NXT
General retailers
Pearson plc
PSON
Media
Pershing Square Holdings
PSH
Financial services
Persimmon
PSN
Household goods & home construction
Polar Capital Technology Trust
PCT
Investment trusts
Prudential plc
PRU
Life insurance
Reckitt
RKT
Household goods & home construction
RELX
REL
Media
Rentokil Initial
RTO
Support services
Rightmove
RMV
Media
Rio Tinto
RIO
Mining
Rolls-Royce Holdings
RR
Aerospace & defence
Sage Group
SGE
Software & computer services
Sainsbury's
SBRY
Food & drug retailing
Schroders
SDR
Financial services
Scottish Mortgage Investment Trust
SMT
Collective investments
Segro
SGRO
Real estate investment trusts
Severn Trent
SVT
Multiline utilities
Shell plc
SHEL
Oil & gas producers
Smiths Group
SMIN
General industrials
Smith & Nephew
SN
Health care equipment & supplies
Spirax Group
SPX
Industrial engineering
SSE plc
SSE
Electrical utilities & independent power producers
Standard Chartered
STAN
Banks
Standard Life
SDLF
Life insurance
St. James's Place
STJ
Financial services
Tesco
TSCO
Food & drug retailing
Tritax Big Box REIT
BBOX
Real Estate Investment Trusts
Unilever
ULVR
Personal goods
United Utilities
UU
Multiline utilities
Vodafone Group
VOD
Mobile telecommunications
Weir Group
WEIR
Industrial goods and services
Whitbread
WTB
Retail hospitality
Past constituents
edit
All changes are due to market capitalisation changes unless noted otherwise.
Abrdn
Abbey Life
(became subsidiary of
Lloyds TSB
in 1996, then sold to
Deutsche Bank
in 2007)
40
Abbey National
(acquired by
Banco Santander Central Hispano
, now part of its
Santander UK
subsidiary)
41
Aberdeen Asset Management
African Barrick Gold
Aggreko
Alliance & Leicester
(acquired by
Banco Santander Central Hispano
, now part of its
Santander UK
subsidiary)
42
Alliance Boots
(acquired by private equity fund controlled by
Kohlberg Kravis Roberts
43
Alliance Trust
Allied Domecq
(acquired by
Pernod Ricard
44
Allied Zurich (dual holding company along with Zurich Allied, companies unified in 2000 to form
Zurich Financial Services
45
Amec
Amersham
(acquired by
GE
, now part of its
GE Healthcare
division)
46
Amstrad
(acquired by
British Sky Broadcasting
47
Argos
(acquired by
GUS
48
Argyll Group
(renamed
Safeway
in 1996, then taken over by
Morrisons
in 2004)
49
Arjo Wiggins Appleton
(acquired by
Worms & Cie
50
ARM Holdings
(acquired by
SoftBank Group
51
ASDA Group
(acquired by
Wal-Mart
52
Ashtead Group
(transfer of listing to the US)
53
Avast
(acquired by
NortonLifeLock
54
Aveva
(acquired by
Schneider Electric
55
BAA
(acquired by
Ferrovial
56
Balfour Beatty
Baltimore Technologies
(acquired by Oryx International Growth Fund)
57
Bank of Scotland
(merged with
Halifax
to form
HBOS
, now part of the
Lloyds Banking Group
58
Bass
(became
Six Continents
and then
InterContinental Hotels Group
59
Beecham Group
(merged with SmithKline and then with Glaxo to become
GlaxoSmithKline
60
Berisford (renamed
Enodis
, subsequently acquired by
The Manitowoc Company
61
BET, formerly
British Electric Traction
(acquired by
Rentokil
62
BG Group
(acquired by
Royal Dutch Shell
63
BHP
(moved main stock listing to the
Australian Securities Exchange
64
BICC
(renamed
Balfour Beatty
65
British Land
Blue Arrow
(acquired by Corporate Services Group)
66
Blue Circle Industries
(acquired by
Lafarge
67
BOC
(acquired by
Linde
68
Bowater (renamed
Rexam
69
Bookham Technology
(renamed
Oclaro
and now traded on
Nasdaq
70
B&M
BPB Industries
(acquired by
Saint-Gobain
71
Bradford & Bingley
(branch network acquired by
Banco Santander Central Hispano
, now part of its
Santander UK
subsidiary; loans book nationalised)
72
Brambles Industries
(now only listed on the
Australian Securities Exchange
73
British Aerospace
(merged with
Marconi Electronic Systems
to form
BAE Systems
74
British Airways
(merged with
Iberia
to form
International Airlines Group
75
British Home Stores
(acquired by
Storehouse
and then sold to
Philip Green
76
77
British Steel
(merged with
Koninklijke Hoogovens
to become Corus Group, now
Tata Steel Europe
78
British & Commonwealth
(collapsed in 1990)
79
Britoil
(acquired by
BP
80
BTR
(merged with
Siebe
to form BTR Siebe, subsequently renamed
Invensys
81
Burmah Oil
(renamed Burmah
Castrol
and acquired by
BP
82
Burton Group
(renamed
Arcadia
and acquired by
Philip Green
83
Cable & Wireless Worldwide
(acquired by Vodafone)
84
Cadbury
(acquired by
Kraft Foods
85
Cairn Energy
Capita
Carlton Communications
(merged with
Granada
to form
ITV
86
Carnival Corporation & plc
Carphone Warehouse
Celltech
(acquired by
UCB
in 2004)
87
CMG
(merged with Logica to form
LogicaCMG
88
Coats Viyella (acquired by
Guinness Peat Group
and renamed
Coats
89
Cobham
Colt Group
Commercial Union Assurance
(merged with General Accident to form
CGU
, itself now part of
Aviva
90
Consolidated Gold Fields
(acquired by
Hanson
91
Cookson Group
Corus Group (acquired by
Tata Steel
, now forming its
Tata Steel Europe
division)
78
Courtaulds
(demerged into two businesses acquired by
Sara Lee
and
Akzo Nobel
92
CRH
moved primary listing to New York
93
Daily Mail and General Trust
Dalgety
(renamed PIC International and then Sygen International and subsequently acquired by
Genus
94
Darktrace
(acquired by
Thoma Bravo
95
Debenhams
Dechra Pharmaceuticals
(acquired by
EQT AB
96
De La Rue
Dimension Data Holdings
(market capitalisation fell too low, subsequently acquired by
Nippon Telegraph and Telephone
97
Direct Line Group
Distillers
(acquired by
Guinness
and now part of
Diageo
98
Dixons Carphone
Dixons Group (renamed to DSG International and then
Dixons Retail
; market capitalisation also fell too low)
99
Dowty Group
(acquired by
TI Group
, itself now part of
Smiths Group
100
DSG International (renamed
Dixons Retail
; market capitalisation also fell too low)
99
Eagle Star
(acquired by
BAT Industries
and then demerged as part of
Zurich Financial Services
101
Eastern Group
(acquired by
Hanson
, renamed
The Energy Group
; acquired by
Texas Utilities
102
EasyJet
ECC Group
(acquired by
Imetal
103
Edinburgh Investment Trust
Electrocomponents
EMAP
(acquired by
Apax Partners
and the
Guardian Media Group
104
EMI Group
(acquired by
Terra Firma Capital Partners
, now owned by
Citigroup
105
Energis
(acquired by
Cable and Wireless
106
Enterprise Inns
Enterprise Oil
(acquired by
Royal Dutch Shell
107
Essar Energy
Eurasian Natural Resources Corporation
Eurotunnel
Evraz
Exco International
(acquired by
British & Commonwealth Holdings
108
Exel
(acquired by
Deutsche Post
109
Ferguson
(moved main listing to
New York Stock Exchange
110
Ferranti International
(collapsed in 1993)
111
Ferrexpo
FirstGroup
Fisons
(acquired by Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, now
Sanofi-Aventis
112
Flutter Entertainment
(moved listing to New York Stock Exchange)
113
Forte
(acquired by
Granada
, now
ITV
114
Frasers Group
Freeserve
(acquired by France Télécom, now
Orange
115
Friends Life
(acquired by
Aviva
116
Friends Provident
(acquired by
Friends Life Group
117
G4S
Gallaher Group
(acquired by
Japan Tobacco
118
Gateway Corporation (renamed
Somerfield
, subsequently acquired by
The Co-operative Group
119
GEC, formerly
General Electric Company
(renamed Marconi, broken up, remnant renamed
Telent
120
General Accident
(merged with Commercial Union to form
CGU
, itself now part of
Aviva
90
George Wimpey
(merged with
Taylor Woodrow
to form
Taylor Wimpey
121
Glaxo Wellcome (merged with SmithKline Beecham to form
GlaxoSmithKline
60
Globe Investment Trust
(acquired by British Coal Pension Fund)
122
Granada Compass (split in 2001 to leave
Granada
and
Compass Group
123
Granada
(merged with
Carlton Communications
to form
ITV
86
Greenall's Group (renamed
De Vere Group
and then acquired by a joint venture of private investors)
124
Grand Metropolitan
(merged with
Guinness
to form
Diageo
125
Guardian Royal Exchange
(acquired by
Axa
126
Guinness
(merged with Grand Metropolitan to form
Diageo
125
GUS
(now demerged into
Home Retail Group
and
Experian
127
GVC Holdings
(changed its name to Entain plc)
128
Habitat Mothercare
(merged with
British Home Stores
to form
Storehouse
and subsequently renamed
Mothercare
again)
129
Halifax Group
(merged with the
Bank of Scotland
to form
HBOS
58
Hambro Life (renamed
Allied Dunbar
and acquired by
BAT Industries
and then demerged as part of
Zurich Financial Services
130
Hammerson
Hanson
(acquired by
Heidelberg Cement
131
Harbour Energy
Hargreaves Lansdown
(acquired by
CVC Capital Partners
Nordic Capital
and the
Abu Dhabi Investment Authority
132
Harrisons & Crosfield (renamed
Elementis
133
Hawker Siddeley
(acquired by
BTR
, now
Invensys
134
Hays
HBOS Group plc
(acquired by
Lloyds Banking Group
135
Hikma Pharmaceuticals
Hillsdown Holdings (acquired by Hicks, Muse, Tate and Furst and then sold on as
Premier Foods
136
Home Retail Group
Homeserve
(acquired by
Brookfield Asset Management
137
House of Fraser
(acquired by
Baugur
138
ICAP
Imperial Chemical Industries
(acquired by
Akzo Nobel
139
Imperial Continental Gas Association
(broke up into
Calor
and Contibel)
140
Inchcape
Inmarsat
Innogy Holdings (renamed
Npower
and acquired by
RWE
141
International Power
(acquired by
GDF Suez
142
Intu
Invensys
Invesco
(moved primary listing to
NYSE
143
Investec
ITV
Jaguar
(acquired by
Ford
and then by
Tata Motors
144
Johnson Matthey
Just Eat Takeaway
(nationality reassigned to the Netherlands)
145
Kazakhmys
Kelda Group
(acquired by Saltaire Water consortium)
146
consortium
of investment companies including
Citigroup
and
HSBC
147
Kingston Communications (renamed
KCOM Group
and market capitalisation fell too low)
148
Kwik Save Group
(merged with
Somerfield
149
Ladbrokes
Laporte
(major divisions acquired by
Kohlberg Kravis Roberts
150
Lasmo
(acquired by
Eni
151
Lattice Group
(merged with National Grid to form
National Grid Transco
152
Lever Brothers
(merged with
Margarine Unie
to form
Unilever
153
Logica
London Electricity
(acquired by
Électricité de France
, now part of its
EDF Energy
division)
154
Lonhro
(renamed
Lonmin
155
Lonmin
Lucas Industries
(merged with
Varity
to form
LucasVarity
, then acquired by
TRW
156
LucasVarity
(acquired by
TRW
156
Magnet and Southerns
(acquired by
Berisford
157
Man Group
Maxwell Communications Corporation
(collapsed in 1991)
158
MB-Caradon (renamed Caradon and then
Novar
, then acquired by
Honeywell
159
Mediclinic International
Meggitt
(acquired by
Parker Hannifin
160
MEPC
(acquired by Leconport Estates)
161
Mercury Asset Management
(acquired by
Merrill Lynch
162
Merlin Entertainments
MFI
(renamed
Galiform
and then
Howden Joinery
and market capitalisation fell too low)
163
Micro Focus International
Midlands Electricity
(acquired by Acquila Sterling, now part of
E.ON Energy UK
164
Midland Bank
(acquired by
HSBC
165
Misys
Mitchells & Butlers
Morrisons
(acquired by
Clayton, Dubilier & Rice
166
National Westminster Bank
(acquired by
Royal Bank of Scotland Group
167
NFC
(merged with Ocean Group to form
Exel
, now part of
Deutsche Post
168
NMC Health
(listing suspended)
Northern Foods
(market capitalisation fell too low, before being acquired by Ranjit Boparan)
169
Northern Rock
(market capitalisation fell too low, before being nationalised)
170
Norwich Union
(merged with
CGU
to form CGNU, now
Aviva
90
Nycomed Amersham
(acquired by
GE
46
O2 (renamed
Telefónica Europe
following acquisition by
Telefónica
171
Ocado
Old Mutual
(managed separation of the business)
172
Orange
(acquired by
Mannesmann
and then by France Télécom, now
Orange
173
PartyGaming
(market capitalisation fell too low, before merging with Bwin to become
bwin.party digital entertainment
174
P&O
(acquired by
Dubai Ports World
175
P&O Princess Cruises
(merged with
Carnival Corporation
and re-listed as
Carnival Corporation & plc
176
Pennon Group
Petrofac
Pilkington
(acquired by
Nippon Sheet Glass
177
Plessey
(acquired by
GEC
and
Siemens
178
Polly Peck
(collapsed in 1990)
179
Polymetal International
PowerGen
(acquired by
E.ON Energy UK
180
181
Provident Financial
Psion
Punch Taverns
Racal Electronics
(acquired by
Thomson-CSF
and then
Thales Group
182
Railtrack
(collapsed in 2001)
183
Randgold Resources
(merged with
Barrick Gold Corp
184
Rank Hovis McDougall
(acquired by
Premier Foods
185
Reckitt & Colman (merged with Benckiser to form
Reckitt Benckiser
186
Redland
(acquired by
Lafarge
187
Reed International (merged with Elsevier to form
Reed Elsevier
188
Renishaw
Rentokil Initial
Resolution Limited (changed its name to
Friends Life Group
189
Resolution plc
(acquired by
Pearl Group
190
Rexam
(acquired by
Ball Corporation
191
RMC Group
(acquired by
Cemex
192
Rothmans International
(acquired by
British American Tobacco
193
J Rothschild (renamed
St. James's Place
and market capitalisation fell too low)
194
Rowntree's
(acquired by
Nestlé
195
Royal Insurance (merged with Sun Alliance Group to form
Royal & SunAlliance
196
Royal Mail
RS Group
RSA Insurance Group
(acquired by Danish insurer
Tryg
and Canada's
Intact Financial Corporation
in May 2021).
197
Saatchi & Saatchi
(acquired by
Publicis
198
Safeway
(acquired by
Morrisons
199
SABMiller
(acquired by
Anheuser-Busch InBev
200
Scottish & Newcastle
(acquired by a consortium formed of
Heineken
Carlsberg
201
Scottish Hydro Electric
(merged with
Southern Electric
to form
Scottish and Southern Energy
202
ScottishPower
(acquired by
Iberdrola
203
Sears
(acquired by January Investments – itself controlled by
Philip Green
204
Securicor
(merged with Group 4 Falck to form
G4S
205
Sedgwick
(acquired by
Marsh & McLennan
206
Sema Group
(acquired by
Schlumberger
207
Serco
Shell Transport and Trading Company (later re-organised with Royal Dutch Petroleum Company as Royal Dutch Shell and then renamed
Shell plc
208
Shire
(acquired by
Takeda Pharmaceutical Company
209
Siebe
(merged with BTR to form
Invensys
81
Sky
(acquired by
Comcast
210
SmithKline Beecham (merged with Glaxo Wellcome to form
GlaxoSmithKline
60
DS Smith
(acquired by
International Paper
211
Smiths Industries (renamed to
Smiths Group
212
Smurfit Kappa
(merged with
WestRock
to form Smurfit WestRock)
213
Southern Electric
(merged with Scottish Hydro Electric to form
Scottish and Southern Energy
202
Spirent
Sports Direct
Stagecoach Group
Standard Telephones and Cables
(renamed STC and acquired by
Nortel
214
Storehouse
(renamed
Mothercare
215
Sun Alliance Group (merged with Royal Insurance to form
Royal & Sun Alliance
196
Sun Life Assurance
(acquired by
Axa
216
Sun Life & Provincial Holdings
(acquired by
Axa
216
Tarmac
(acquired by
Anglo American
217
Tate & Lyle
Taylor Wimpey
Taylor Woodrow
(merged with
George Wimpey
to form
Taylor Wimpey
121
Telewest Communications
(merged with
NTL
to form NTL:Telewest now
Virgin Media
218
Thames Water
(acquired by
RWE
and then sold to
Macquarie Group
219
The Energy Group
(acquired by
Texas Utilities
102
Thomas Cook Group
Thomson Reuters
(delisted shares from the London Stock Exchange as it ceased to be a
dual-listed company
220
Thorn
(acquired by
Nomura Group
221
Thorn EMI
(renamed
EMI Group
and then acquired by
Terra Firma Capital Partners
221
Thus
(market capitalisation fell too low, subsequently acquired by
Cable & Wireless Worldwide
222
TI Group
(acquired by
Smiths Group
223
Tomkins
(acquired by
Onex Corporation
and
Canada Pension Plan Investment Board
224
Trafalgar House
(acquired by
Kværner
225
Travis Perkins
TSB Group
(merged with
Lloyds Bank
to form
Lloyds TSB
226
Trusthouse Forte
(acquired by
Granada
114
TUI Group
TUI Travel
(merged with its German parent to form the
TUI Group
227
228
Tullow Oil
Ultramar
(acquired by
Lasmo
and now part of
Eni
Unigate (renamed
Uniq
, then market capitalisation fell too low)
229
United Biscuits
(acquired by consortium of financial investors)
230
United Business Media
Unite Group
Vedanta Resources
Vistry Group
Warburg SG
(acquired by
Swiss Bank Corporation
, now part of
UBS
231
Wellcome (merged with Glaxo to form Glaxo Wellcome, then with SmithKline Beecham to form
GlaxoSmithKline
60
WH Smith
William Hill
Williams Holdings
(demerged into
Kidde
and
Chubb Fire & Security
, both now part of
United Technologies
232
Willis Corroon (acquired by
Trinity Acquisition
on behalf of
Kohlberg Kravis Roberts
and renamed
Willis Group
233
Willis Faber (acquired by
Trinity Acquisition
on behalf of
Kohlberg Kravis Roberts
and renamed Willis Coroon and then
Willis Group
233
Wood Group
Worldpay
(acquired by
Vantiv
234
Woolwich
(acquired by
Barclays
235
WPP
Yell Group
Zeneca
(merged with Astra to form
AstraZeneca
236
Source:
"FTSE: FTSE 100 Constituent Changes"
PDF; 57.9 KB
FT 30
edit
Main article:
FT 30
The oldest continuous index in the UK is the FT 30, also known as the Financial Times Index or the FT Ordinary Index (FTOI).
237
It was established in 1935 and nowadays is largely obsolete due to its redundancy. It is similar to the
Dow Jones Industrial Average
, and companies listed are from the industrial and commercial sectors. Financial sector companies and government stocks are excluded.
Of the original constituents,
238
three are currently in the FTSE 100: Tate & Lyle, Imperial Tobacco and Rolls-Royce, although Rolls-Royce has not been continuously listed and Imperial Tobacco was a subsidiary of
Hanson
for a number of years, and is now renamed as Imperial Brands. Only one of the original FT 30 companies is still in that index:
239
Tate & Lyle (membership is not strictly based on market capitalisation, so this does not mean they are necessarily among the top thirty companies in the FTSE 100). The best performer from the original lineup has been Imperial Tobacco.
240
See also
edit
Other lists
List of corporate collapses and scandals
, on major bankruptcies historically and worldwide
List of hedge funds
List of largest companies by revenue
, worldwide
List of largest companies in the United Kingdom
List of largest United Kingdom employers
, including the public sector
List of private-equity firms
Stock market lists
AEX index
Dow Jones Industrial Average
and the
DAX 30
, equivalent to the
FT 30
in the US and Germany
Financial Times Global 500
, the
BBC Global 30
and the
Fortune Global 500
, list the
world's largest corporations
by market capitalisation
FTSE 250
and
FTSE techMARK 100
, a longer FT list, and one for the "new economy"
List of European stock exchanges
List of stock exchanges
List of stock market indices
S&P 100
and the
HDAX
, top 100 in the US and top 110 in Germany
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Eckett 2004
, pp. 205
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Sources
edit
Michie, Ranald C. (1999),
The London Stock Exchange: A History
, New York: Oxford University Press Inc.,
ISBN
978-0-199-24255-9
Kynaston, David (1997),
LIFFE: A Market and its Makers
, Cambridge: Granta Editions,
ISBN
1-85757-056-1
Eckett, Stephen (2004),
The UK Stock Market Almanac 2004
, Petersfield: Harriman House Ltd,
ISBN
1-897597-46-0
Makepeace, Mark (2020),
FTSE
, London: Nicholas Brealey Publishing,
ISBN
978-1-529-33002-1
External links
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