Papers by Fusun Balik Sanli
e-zbornik. Elektronički zbornik radova Građevinskog fakulteta, Jun 23, 2023
In this study, the changes in nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO) and sulfur dioxide (... more In this study, the changes in nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO) and sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) pollutant gases were examined between June 2019 and June 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic period. For this purpose, monthly and annual averages of Sentinel-5P TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) values were calculated on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. According to the results obtained using the GEE platform, the average column density values of NO 2 , CO, and SO 2 in the Marmara Region between the selected dates were calculated as 8.40E-05 mol/m 2 , 3.23E-02 mol/m 2 , and 3.75E-04 mol/m 2 , respectively. During the lockdown, these values decreased to 7.84E-05 mol/m 2 , 3.05E-02 mol/m 2 and 2.75E-04 mol/m 2 respectively. According to TROPOMI data, these three gas column density values showed a decreasing trend during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown period. However, in a 25-month examination in general, these three gas values showed an increasing trend due to population growth, industrialization, and increasing traffic density.
Aoutomatic Oil Spill Detection Using TerraSAR-X Data
41st COSPAR Scientific Assembly, Jul 1, 2016
Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, Oct 17, 2022
Kıyılar kara ve deniz sınırını oluşturan, belirli bir canlı ekosistemini ihtiva eden alanlardır. ... more Kıyılar kara ve deniz sınırını oluşturan, belirli bir canlı ekosistemini ihtiva eden alanlardır. Suların iklim değişimine bağlı olarak çekilmesi veya yükselmesi, gelgit hareketleri, tropik ekosistemlerde hava olaylarına bağlı olarak meydana gelen fırtına, hortum, kasırga vb. iklim olaylarında, deniz alanlarının karalardan ayrıldığı kıyı çizgisinin belirlenmesi önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında Sentinel-2A uzaktan algılama görüntüsü üzerinde, makine öğrenmesi tabanlı mean-shift, rastgele orman (RO) ve destek vektör makinaları (DVM) yöntemleri uygulanmış olup, bölütleme sonrası sonuç görüntüleri doğruluk ve IoU metrikleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Genel doğruluklar, mean-shift, rastgele orman ve destek vektör makinaları için sırasıyla %97.23, %99.15 ve %98.68 bulunmuştur.
Jeodezi ve Jeoinformasyon Dergisi, Jun 1, 2006
Generation From RADARSAT F1-F5 Images in this study, the technigue for deriving digital elevation... more Generation From RADARSAT F1-F5 Images in this study, the technigue for deriving digital elevation models (DEM) from a SAR stereo pair is described. The objective of this paper is to evaluate DEMs from RADARSAT fine beam mode images as afunction ofphcel sampling and the terrain relief The study area is över the Gulf of Edremit in Turkey and is about 50 km by 50 km. The elevation ranges from 0 m to 1767 m. The land cover consists mainly of a mixture of urban areas, agricultural lands. Tyco fine beam mode scenes with 6.25 m pixel spacing are acquired with a shallow look angle from descending orbits to generale a stereo confıguration with a small intersection angle of 8. A corner reflector was installed and used as a GCP. Due to the high resolution ofFl-F5 images, for theflat areas with small slopes (0% to 3%) effect of radiometric and geometric disparities are less and the guality of DEM is better. it is determined that Standard deviation is ranging from 4m to 8mfor small slopes. Standard deviation increases up to 20 m for medium slopes (3%-15 %). However, for steep slopes (higher than 15%) the stronger geometry ofFl-F5 is completely cancelled out because of too large geometric disparities, and calculated elevations are not significant.
Monitoring forest treeline shifts are essential to conserve the biodiversity of treeline ecotones... more Monitoring forest treeline shifts are essential to conserve the biodiversity of treeline ecotones. Treeline ecotone is recognized as one of the most sensitive component of mountain ecosystems which is responded to climate warming. This study aimed to determine occurred past forest treeline changes by forest stand maps and GIS techniques for the four-time period (1970-1992-2002-2013) in the Cehennemdere, Turkey. Firstly, forest stand map was georeferenced and digitized for each period. Secondly, forest treeline altitude for each period was simulated by digitizing highest forest stands on the topography map using "Profile tool" Plugin. Thirdly, altitude profile statistics were computed through "qProf" Plugin for each treeline border and each treeline altitude statistical difference analysis between interval time periods is performed. Results showed treeline has expanded from 1970 to 2013 in both the highest altitudes (22m-45m) and lowest altitudes (20m-105m). Overall, average expansion rate was varied between 20 to 40 m each decade; treeline altitude reached to 2442.5m in 2013 while it was 2335m in 1970. Resultant maps indicated highest treeline expanded geographically between 1992 and 2002 period during 43 years approximately 44.5m. Additionally, the rate of expansion of lowest treeline altitude was between 20m to 106m. Overall, forest treeline altitudinal shifts can be determined using GIS techniques and historical forest stand maps. Importance of available forest stand maps and their potential at investigating forest treeline shifts have been emphasized in the present research. Results would have significant contributions in the context of examining tree species shifts, monitoring forest cover dynamics, alpine treeline ecotone monitoring studies.
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Dec 1, 2017
This study evaluated the effectiveness of three different training datasets for crop type classif... more This study evaluated the effectiveness of three different training datasets for crop type classification using both support vector machines (SVMs) and random forests (RFs). In supervised classification, one of the main facing challanges is to define the training set for the full representation of land use/cover classes. The adaptation of traning data, with the implemented classifier and its characteristics (purity, size and distribution of sample pixels), are of key importance in this context. The experimental results were compared in terms of the classification accuracy with 10-fold cross validation. Results suggest that higher classification accuracies were obtained by less number of training samples. Furthermore, it is highlighted that both methods (SVMs and RFs) are proven to be the effective and powerful classifiers for crop type classification.
Günümüzde hızla gelişmekte olan uydu teknolojileri ve uzaktan algılama tekniklerinden tarım uygul... more Günümüzde hızla gelişmekte olan uydu teknolojileri ve uzaktan algılama tekniklerinden tarım uygulamalarında sıklıkla ve işlerlikle faydalanılmaktadır. Uydulardan elde edilen görüntüler, sahip olduğu yüksek mekânsal, radyometrik ve spektral çözünürlükleri sayesinde tarım alanlarının gözlenmesi ve arazi kullanım durumlarının tespit edilmesinde kullanılmaktadır. Uydu görüntülerinin sınıflandırılması sonucunda elde edilen veriler sayesinde arazi kullanım şekli ve örtüsü hakkında bilgi edinilebilmektedir. Ülkemiz için stratejik öneme sahip pamuk bitkisinin uydu görüntüleri yardımı ile tespiti için gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada 5 bantlı RapidEye uydu görüntüleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışma alanında görüntü elde edilme tarihi ile eş zamanlı olarak arazi çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Arazi çalışmalarında yer örnekleri tespit edilmiş ve koordinatları GPS yard ımı ile belirlenmiştir. Böylece eğitim ve test verileri için arazi çalışması tamamlanmıştır. Elde edilen uydu görüntüsü eğitim verileri ile nesne tabanlı yöntem kullanılarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Test verileri ile de sınıflandırılmış görüntünün doğruluk analizi gerçekleştirilip güvenilirliği test edilmiştir. Pamuk bitkisinin tespitinde, nesne tabanlı sınıflandırma yöntemi ile elde edilen sınıflandırılmış sonuç 1 bitkisinin tespitinde, nesne tabanlı sınıflandırma yöntemi ile elde edilen sınıflandırılmış sonuç görüntünün genel doğruluğu % 98,19 olarak bulunmuştur.
Evaluation of pre- and post-fire flood risk by analytical hierarchy process method: a case study for the 2021 wildfires in Bodrum, Turkey
Landscape and Ecological Engineering
Wildfires are regarded as one of the devastating natural disturbances to natural ecosystems, and ... more Wildfires are regarded as one of the devastating natural disturbances to natural ecosystems, and threatening the lives of many species. In July 2021, a wildfire took place in the Mediterranean region of Turkey in multiple areas. In Bodrum, a town with high touristic value and attraction, approximately 17,600 hectares of forest have been affected by the wildfire. In this study, the fire-affected areas were determined using an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and geographical information system (GIS). Rainfall, slope, distance from the stream, pre-and post-fire land use and land cover, elevation, curvature, topographic wetness index, and lithology were selected as the governing variables for the AHP model. The contribution of each variable was determined from the literature. Based on the model, it was found that the area with a very high flood risk increased from 8.6 to 18.4%, implying flood risk in a particular region doubled following the wildfire. Immediately after the forest fire, floods occurred in Mazikoy in the region and its surroundings. The model accuracy was tested by using randomly selected 61 points in and around the flooded area. The model accuracy was quantified by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves method. Pre-and post-fire areas under curve (AUC) values were found 0.925 and 0.933, respectively, which implies that the prediction ability of the model is acceptably accurate. The study revealed that the model could quantify the increased flood risk for vulnerable areas after a forest fire. Such knowledge may aid local authorities in determining the priorities of the precautions that need to be taken after a forest fire.
The Performance Analysis of Different Water Indices and Algorithms Using Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 Images in Determining Water Surface: Demirkopru Dam Case Study
Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering
Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Jan 30, 2017
Yeryüzünde yaşanan iklim değişikliğinin tarihçesi çok eski olmakla birlikte, iklim üzerinde insan... more Yeryüzünde yaşanan iklim değişikliğinin tarihçesi çok eski olmakla birlikte, iklim üzerinde insan etkilerinin Sanayi Devrimi ile başladığı görülmektedir. Hızlı sanayileşme hamlesi ve yüksek enerji talebi, beraberinde atmosfere bırakılan zararlı gazlarda da artış yaratmıştır. Atmosferde biriken gazlar ise sıcaklık artışı yaratarak, iklim değişikliğini küresel bir tehdit olarak ülkelerin karşısına çıkmıştır. Küresel iklim değişikliğini önlemeye yönelik uluslararası çabalar 40 yıllık bir geçmişe dayanmaktadır. Hem gelişmiş ülkeler hem de gelişmekte olan ülkelerin katılımıyla düzenlenen toplantılarda, küresel ısınma ve iklim değişikliğinin olumsuz etkilerini ortadan kaldırmak için kararlar alınmakta ve protokoller imzalanmaktadır. Türkiye de uluslararası toplantılara katılıp protokollere imza atarak bu çabalardaki yerini almaktadır. Küresel iklim değişikliğini önlemeye yönelik çabaların başarısı ülkelerin belirlenen uluslararası ilkelere tam uyumuyla sağlanabilecektir.
Assessment of vegetation indices for the determination of agricultural crop types
Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology, 2018
Karyotype Characteristics of Chalcalburnus mossulensis (Heckel, 1843) from Karasu River, Erzurum
Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 2021
River basins are one of the most dynamic terrains on Earth, therefore, river morphology should be... more River basins are one of the most dynamic terrains on Earth, therefore, river morphology should be monitored continuously and its effects on the environment (i.e. natural hazards) should be mapped whenever possible. This study was carried out to quantify and visualize -flood-induced morphological changes in meander structures by UAV-based monitoring. Two-year (2018 and 2019) field surveys were conducted in the Büyük Menderes River (BMR) Basin, Turkey. Multi-temporal orthomosaics and digital surface models (DSMs) were constructed using the Structure from Motion (SfM) technique to evaluate the change of river morphology. Diachronic spatial and volumetric changes in the meander structures were assessed by the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of Difference (DoD) tools. This study shows the importance of mapping and monitoring river basins that have an impact on human life in many ways with evaluating and analyzing the results of extreme events such as floods promptly.
International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, 2016
Sediment load materials is one of the key factors that determine the surface water quality, both ... more Sediment load materials is one of the key factors that determine the surface water quality, both of oceanic and river water, and it specifies water optical properties. Thus it provides a background for a plenty of applications and projects in the water and oceanography community. Landsat detects and classifies reflected solar energy from bodies on the earth's surface. Suspended sediments existing in water column have an optical influences. So that, Landsat images could detect suspended sediments concentration in such a water surface. In this study we have three main objectives to be achieved as; TSS Concentration maps generation in the Gaza Strip coastal zone, achieving analysis processes on TSS trend itself and TSS related coastal phenomenon, and investigation of the ability of Landsat images to detect TSS comprehensively in a wavy coastal zone. For this purpose two landsat TM5 images acquired in 1999 and 2010, one Landsat TM7 images acquired in 2003, and 2 Landsat Oli 8 ima...
Survey Review, 2017
The purpose of this study is to determine deformations in landslide areas with two methods, Persi... more The purpose of this study is to determine deformations in landslide areas with two methods, Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) and GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System). In the Koyulhisar landslide area, 53 GNSS points were established throughout the region. Velocity values for these points are three-dimensional. In addition, TerraSAR-X SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) images were processed with Stanford Method for Persistent Scatterers software. Slip surfaces of the landslide region in the direction of the line of sight were calculated from PSI in addition to one-dimensional velocity values. These values were compared to GNSS data converted to the same format. GNSS was found more effective for tracking local deformations based on point data while PSI was better at areal movements. Using both methods together is the most effective in this region because there are small local movements independent of regional movements.
Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2014
InSAR tekniği son yıllarda genellikle, deprem nedeni ile oluşan deformasyonların, volkanik alanla... more InSAR tekniği son yıllarda genellikle, deprem nedeni ile oluşan deformasyonların, volkanik alanlardaki yer değişimlerinin ve hidrolojik, jeolojik, madencilik ya da şehir alanlarında oluşan çökmelerin belirlenmesinde kullanılmaktadır. Ancak heyelanların hareketlerinin belirlenmesinde belki de göreli olarak yeni bir yöntem olması nedeniyle çok sık kullanımı söz konusu olmamıştır. Afet Bilgi Sistemi (ABS) yardımı ile bölgeye ait risk analizleri gerçekleştirilecektir. Bu sayede Ġlçedeki mevcut durum tam olarak belirlenerek ileriye yönelik doğal afetlere karşı alınacak önlemler için bir altlık oluşturulacaktır. Bugüne kadar projenin ilk 1.5 yıllık çalışması tamamlanmış ve ilk sonuçlar elde edilmeye başlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada da proje hakkında bilgi verilerek, özellikle GPS ve PS_InSAR değerlendirmelerine ilişkin ilk sonuçlar paylaşılacaktır.
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2012
Marine oil spills due to releases of crude oil from tankers, offshore platforms, drilling rigs an... more Marine oil spills due to releases of crude oil from tankers, offshore platforms, drilling rigs and wells, etc. are seriously affecting the fragile marine and coastal ecosystem and cause political and environmental concern. A catastrophic explosion and subsequent fire in the Deepwater Horizon oil platform caused the platform to burn and sink, and oil leaked continuously between April 20th and July 15th of 2010, releasing about 780,000 m 3 of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico. Today, space-borne SAR sensors are extensively used for the detection of oil spills in the marine environment, as they are independent from sun light, not affected by cloudiness, and more cost-effective than air patrolling due to covering large areas. In this study, generalization extent of an object based classification algorithm was tested for oil spill detection using multiple SAR imagery data. Among many geometrical, physical and textural features, some more distinctive ones were selected to distinguish oil and look alike objects from each others. The tested classifier was constructed from a Multilayer Perception Artificial Neural Network trained by ABC, LM and BP optimization algorithms. The training data to train the classifier were constituted from SAR data consisting of oil spill originated from Lebanon in 2007. The classifier was then applied to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill data in the Gulf of Mexico on RADARSAT-2 and ALOS PALSAR images to demonstrate the generalization efficiency of oil slick classification algorithm.
Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 2020
Amaç: Araştırmada stereo foto yorum yöntemiyle yapılan toprak etüd ve haritalama çalışmaları süre... more Amaç: Araştırmada stereo foto yorum yöntemiyle yapılan toprak etüd ve haritalama çalışmaları sürecinde, çok bantlı uydu görüntülerinden de yararlanma olanağının sağlanması ve bu kazanımın toprak etüd ve haritalama çalışmalarına yapacağı katkı düzeyinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.Materyal ve Metot: Çalışma, iki ana bölümden oluşmaktır. Birinci bölümde, geleneksel toprak etüd ve haritalama çalışmaları, ikinci bölümde ise gerçekleştirilen seri bazındaki etüd çalışmalarına birleştirilmiş uydu görüntülerinin katkısının araştırılması şeklinde gerçekleştirilmiştir.Bulgular: Bu araştırma ile çalışma alanı içerisinde kalan topraklar seri bazında tanımlanmış, haritalanmış ve toprak sınıflandırma sistemlerine göre taksonomik sınıfının da belirlenmesiyle birlikte toprak etüd ve haritalama çalışmaları tamamlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, toprakların morfolojik özellikleri yanı sıra laboratuvarda belirlenen ve toprak sınıflandırmada kriter olarak kullanılan fiziksel ve kimyasal analizleri de yapılmıştır. ...
Mersin Photogrammetry Journal
Natural disasters are events that negatively affect human life and cause material and moral damag... more Natural disasters are events that negatively affect human life and cause material and moral damages. As in the rest of the world, one of the biggest natural disasters after earthquakes in our country is floods. The flood event turns into a disaster in cases caused by human interventions such as the change of the river bed, the increase in the construction on the riversides, and the blocking of the river perpendicular to the flow direction. In this study, risk maps for floods with different return intervals (25, 50, 100 years) were produced with GIS for Ayancık stream in Sinop province. As a result, when the flood risk maps were analyzed, the regions located in the floodplain were considered very risky regions. According to the results obtained, the flood disaster reaches a depth of 7 meters. Ayancık Stream and its surroundings are a very risky area exposed to floods as they have a maximum depth of 3.5 m. In addition, flood risk areas with 50 and 100-year return period floods, increa...
Mersin Photogrammetry Journal
As a result of the increase in the negative effects of climate change, many natural disasters suc... more As a result of the increase in the negative effects of climate change, many natural disasters such as drought, forest fires, and floods are experienced all over the world. In Türkiye, especially in the Black Sea region, floods and overflows are frequently seen due to excessive precipitation. The use of current data obtained from the land management information system in the disaster management information system increases the accuracy of the predictability of disasters and ensures their sustainability. For this reason, the accuracy and up-to-date data obtained from the land management information system are important. Storage, modeling, querying, analysis, and tracking model has created for local and private administrations thanks to the acquisition of data by remote sensing and photogrammetry methods and their integration with GIS. Thus, natural disasters caused by the negative effects of climate change can be prevented. It is necessary to model the basin in terms of geological, ge...