India
India: insigne
India: vexillum
Terra continens
Asia
Territoria finitima
Nepalia
Bangladesia
Butania
Birmania
Pakistania
Res publica popularis Sinarum
Indonesia
Srilanca
Afgania
Locus
22°48′0″N 83°0′0″E
Caput
Dellium Novum
Populus
Numerus
1 477 519 529
Sermo publicus
Hindice
Anglice
Zona horaria
Indian Standard Time
Asia/Kolkata
UTC+5:30
Moneta
Indian rupee
Sigla
ISO
IN
IND
356
IOC
IND
Dominium interretiale
.in
.ભારત
.भारत
.ଭାରତ
.ਭਾਰਤ
.ভারত
.இந்தியா
.భారత్
.ভাৰত
.بھارت
.ಭಾರತ
.ഭാരതം
Praefixum telephonicum
91
Siglum autoraedarum
IND
Tabula aut despectus
India: situs
Tabula
Indiae.
India
-ae,
f.
Hindi
भारत
Bhārata
), seu plenius
Res Publica India
(भारत गणराज्य
Bhārata Gaṇarājya
),
est
civitas sui iuris
in
Asia Meridiana
sita,
septima
mundi
civitas
quod ad
superficiem
pertinet, ad numerum civium ex Iunio anni
2023
prima,
et ex anno
1947
, tempore suae
libertatis
constitutae, frequentissima
orbis terrarum
democratia
India, definita ab
Oceano Indico
in meridie,
Mari Arabico
in occidente, et
Sinu Bengaliensi
in oriente,
litus
7517
chiliometrorum
longum habet.
Attingit
Pakistaniam
in
occidente
Sinas
(provinciam Tibeticam),
Nepaliam
, et
Butaniam
in
septentrionibus
; et
Bangladesham
et
Birmaniam
in
oriente
. India est prope
Sri Lancam
Insulas Maldivas
, et
Indonesiam
in Oceano Indico.
Terra
Civilizationis Vallis Indi
et antiqua viarum
mercatoriarum
et vastorum imperiorum
regio
subcontinens Indica
diutissime agnitus est pro divitiis
commercii
et
culturae
suorum (Oldenburg 2007). Quattuor maiores orbis terrarum
religiones
Hinduismus
Buddhismus
Iainismus
, et
Sikhismus
—in India ortae sunt, cum
Zoroastrianismus
Iudaismus
Christianitas
, et
Islam
primo millennio advenirent et culturam regionis commutarent. Paulatim a
Societate Britannica Indiae Orientalis
adiuncta a
saeculo duodevicensimo
ineunte et
colonizata
Regno Britanniarum
a medio
saeculo undevicensimo
India facta est
civitas libera
anno
1947
post
certamen pro libertate
, quod a longe lateque diffusa
recusatione non violenta
designatum est.
India ex
1950
est
respublica foederalis
, quae in
viginti octo civitatibus et septem territoriis
sub
parlamentaria democratiae systemate
consistit. Maximarum mundi oeconomiarum eius
oeconomia
est
duodecima
rationibus
permutationibus mercatoriis
(en)
et quarta potestate
potentia emptionis
(en)
Oeconomicis
post
1991
correctionibus effectum est, ut una ex eis, quae quam celerrime creverunt, mundi
civitatibus
exstitisset. Adhuc autem restant extrema
paupertas
legendi scribendique imperitia,
fames
. Etiam
religionum
linguarum
gentium
multitudo
societatis
Indicae est. Terram
habitant
multae ferae in variis
reservatis tutelaribus
Abhinc annorum 55
000 fere,
homines sapientes
, primi
homines
hodierni, in
subcontinentem
Indicam ex
Africa
adveniebant, ubi se antea evolverant.
14
15
16
Prima hominum hodiernorum reliquia nota in
Asia Meridiana
ex
aevo
abhinc annorum 30
000 fere exstant.
17
Post annum 6500 a.C.n. fere, indicia
frugum
animaliumque
domitorum
, structurarum perpetuarum
aedificatarum
, et residuorum
agriculturalium
reconditorum in
Mehrgarh
aliisque locis in
regione
nunc
Balochistania
appellata apparere incipiebant.
18
Quae
cultura
in
Civilizationem Vallis Indicae
gradatim mutata est,
19
20
primam
culturam
urbanam
in Asia Meridiana,
21
quae ab anno
2500
ad annum
1900 a.C.n.
floruit
in
regione
nunc
Pakistania
et India occidentali appellata.
22
Quae
civilizatio
, in
Mohenjo-daro
Harappa
Dholavira
Kalibangan
, aliisque
urbibus
condita, atque variis subsistentiae generibus innitens, fabricam
artificiorum
et
commercium
porrectum vehementer suscepit.
23
Antiquissima
religionum
mundi a multis habetur
Religio Induica
, quae in India ab
anno 3000 a.C.n.
vel multis annis ante orta est. In India etiam
sexto saeculo a.C.n.
duae notissimae religiones conditae sunt, videlicet
Buddhismus
et
Iainismus
. Huic nonnulli obsequuntur, sed ille nunc in India desuetus est. Post
octavum saeculum
, multi homines Indici, praecipue in India septentrionali, religionem
Islamicam
acceperunt, quia
nationes
Islamicae ex
terris Occidentalibus
oppugnantes multum
subcontinentis
vicerunt.
India 193 annos fuit
colonia
Britanniarum Regni, ab
1754
Bellum Plasseyense
) ad mensem Augusti 1947; quo tempore Unio Indiae et civitas Pakistania creatae sunt e priori territorio Indico. Anno
1950
, India
res publica
rite facta est.
Regio Australis
Regio Occidentalis
Regio Borealis
Regio Media
Regio Orientalis
Regio Boreorientalis
The Essential Desk Reference
Oxford University Press,
2002,
p.
76,
ISBN
978-0-19-512873-4
"Official name: Republic of India.";
John Da Graça
2017
),
Heads of State and Government
Londinii:
Macmillan Publishers,
p.
421,
ISBN
978-1-349-65771-1
"Official name: Republic of India; Bharat Ganarajya (Hindi)";
Graham Rhind
2017
),
Global Sourcebook of Address Data Management: A Guide to Address Formats and Data in 194 Countries
Taylor & Francis,
p.
302,
ISBN
978-1-351-93326-1
"Official name: Republic of India; Bharat.";
Bradnock,
Robert W.
(2015),
The Routledge Atlas of South Asian Affairs
Routledge,
p.
108,
ISBN
978-1-317-40511-5
"Official name: English: Republic of India; Hindi:Bharat Ganarajya";
Penguin Compact Atlas of the World
Penguin Group,
2012
p.
140,
ISBN
978-0-7566-9859-1
"Official name: Republic of India";
Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary
(tertia ed.),
Merriam-Webster,
1997,
pp.
515–516,
ISBN
978-0-87779-546-9
"Officially, Republic of India";
Complete Atlas of the World: The Definitive View of the Earth
(3rd ed.),
DK Publishing,
2016
p.
54,
ISBN
978-1-4654-5528-4
"Official name: Republic of India";
Worldwide Government Directory with Intergovernmental Organizations 2013
CQ Press,
2013
p.
726,
ISBN
978-1-4522-9937-2
"India (Republic of India; Bharat Ganarajya)"
Biswas,
Soutik
1 Maii
2023
).
Most populous nation: Should India rejoice or panic?
BBC News
(British Broadcasting Corporation)
World Population Prospects 2022: Summary of Results
Novi Eboraci:
United Nations Department of Social and Economic Affairs.
2022
pp.
Cf.
Metcalf (2006)
, p. 327: "Even though much remains to be done, especially in regard to eradicating poverty and securing effective structures of governance, India's achievements since independence in sustaining freedom and democracy have been singular among the world's new nations."
Stein,
Burton
2012
),
Arnold, David,
ed.,
A History of India
The Blackwell History of the World Series
(2 ed.),
Wiley-Blackwell
Cf.
Fisher (2018)
, pp. 184–185: "Since 1947, India's internal disputes over its national identity, while periodically bitter and occasionally punctuated by violence, have been largely managed with remarkable and sustained commitment to national unity and democracy."
Kumar et al. 2006.
Secundum Indiae administrationem, India finem commune cum
Afgania
habet quia India putat totam civitatem
Jammu et Casmiria
ad Indiam pertinere.
Poverty estimates for 2004-05
, Planning commission,
Administratio Indiae
, Martio 2007. Accessum
25 Augusti
2007
"India,"
Oxford English Dictionary
, ed. altera (Oxoniae: Oxford University Press).
Basham,
A. L.
2000
).
The Wonder That Was India
South Asia Books.
ISBN
0283992573
"Official name of the Union"
Courts Informatics Division, National Informatics Centre, Ministry of Comm. and Information Tech
"Hindustan"
Encyclopædia Britannica
, Inc..
2007
Dyson,
Tim
2018
),
A Population History of India: From the First Modern People to the Present Day
Oxoniae:
Oxford University Press,
p.
1,
ISBN
978-0-19-882905-8
Quote: "Modern human beings—
Homo sapiens
—originated in Africa. Then, intermittently, sometime between 60,000 and 80,000 years ago, tiny groups of them began to enter the north-west of the Indian subcontinent. It seems likely that initially they came by way of the coast. . . . it is virtually certain that there were
Homo sapiens
in the subcontinent 55,000 years ago, even though the earliest fossils that have been found of them date to only about 30,000 years before the present. (page 1)."
Michael D. Petraglia
Bridget Allchin
22 Maii
2007
).
The Evolution and History of Human Populations in South Asia: Inter-disciplinary Studies in Archaeology, Biological Anthropology, Linguistics and Genetics
Springer Science + Business Media.
p.
6.
ISBN
978-1-4020-5562-1
Quote: "Y-Chromosome and Mt-DNA data support the colonization of South Asia by modern humans originating in Africa. . . . Coalescence dates for most non-European populations average to between 73–55 ka."
Cf.
Fisher (2018)
, p. 23: "Scholars estimate that the first successful expansion of the
Homo sapiens
range beyond Africa and across the Arabian Peninsula occurred from as early as 80,000 years ago to as late as 40,000 years ago, although there may have been prior unsuccessful emigrations. Some of their descendants extended the human range ever further in each generation, spreading into each habitable land they encountered. One human channel was along the warm and productive coastal lands of the Persian Gulf and northern Indian Ocean. Eventually, various bands entered India between 75,000 years ago and 35,000 years ago."
Petraglia et Allchin 2007: 6.
Coningham et Young 2015: 104–105.
Kulke et Rothermund 2004: 21–23.
Coningham et Young 2015: 104–105.
Singh 2009: 181.
Posseh 2003: 2.
Singh 2009: 181.
Generalia
A Handbook for Travellers in India, Burma, and Ceylon
. Ed. octava. Londinii: John Murray, 1911
Textus apud archive.org
Hansen, Sven, ed.
2010
Indien: Die barfüßige Großmacht.
Edition Le Monde Diplomatique, 7. Berolini.
ISBN 978-3-937683-27-0
Hauff, Michael von, ed.
2008
Indien: Herausforderungen und Perspektiven.
Marburgi.
ISBN 978-3-89518-720-9
Kumar, V. Sanil; K. C. Pathak, P. Pednekar, N. S. N. Raju.
2006
. "Coastal processes along the Indian coastline."
Current Science
91(4):530–536.
versio interretialis (pdf) apud drs.nio.org
Oldenburg, Phillip.
2007
. "India: History." In
Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia
2007
Paulinus a Sancto Bartholomaeo,
India Orientalis Christiana
Textus apud Google Books
Voll, Klaus, et Doreen Beierlein.
2006
Rising India: Europe´s partner?
Berolini: Weißensee Verlag.
ISBN 978-3-89998-098-1
Historia
Basham, Arthur L.
2009
El prodigio que fue India.
Valentiae: Pre-Textos.
ISBN 978-84-8191-950-9
Brown, Judith M.
1994
Modern India: The Origins of an Asian Democracy.
Oxoniae et Novi Eboraci" Oxford University Press.
ISBN 0-19-873113-2
Guha, Ramchandra.
2007
India after Gandhi: The History of the World's Largest Democracy
. Picador.
ISBN 978-0-330-39610-3
Kulke, Hermann, et Dietmar Rothermund.
2004
A History of India.
ed. 4a. Routledge.
ISBN 0-415-32920-5
Metcalf, Barbara, et Thomas R. Metcalf.
2006
A Concise History of Modern India.
Cambridge Concise Histories. Cantabrigiae et Novi Eboraci: Cambridge University Press.
ISBN 0-521-68225-8
Spear, Percival.
1990
A History of India.
Vol. 2. Novi Dellii et Londinii: Penguin Books
ISBN 0-14-013836-6
Stein, Burton.
2001
A History of India.
Oxoniae et Novi Dellii: Oxford University Press.
ISBN 0-19-565446-3
Thapar, Romila.
1990
A History of India.
Vol. 1. Novi Dellii et Londinii: Penguin Books
ISBN 0-14-013835-8
Wolpert, Stanley.
2003
A New History of India.
Oxoniae et Novi Eboraci: Oxford University Press.
ISBN 0-19-516678-7
Geographia
Dikshit, K. R., et Joseph E. Schwartzberg.
2009
India: The Land.
In
Encyclopædia Britannica.
Gubernatio Indiae.
2007
India Yearbook 2007.
Divisio Publicationes, Ministerium Informationis Transmissiones.
ISBN 81-230-1423-6
Heitzman, J., et R. L. Worden.
1996
India: A Country Study.
Vasingtonae: Bibliotheca Congressi CFA.
ISBN 0-8444-0833-6
Posey, C. A.
1994
The Living Earth Book of Wind and Weather.
Reader's Digest Association.
ISBN 0-89577-625-1
Flora et fauna
Cultura
Dissanayake, Wimal K., et Moti Gokulsing.
2004
Indian Popular Cinema: A Narrative of Cultural Change.
Trentham Books.
ISBN 1-85856-329-1
Vilanilam, John V.
2005
Mass Communication in India: A Sociological Perspective.
Sage Publications.
ISBN 0-7619-3372-7
Civitates et territoria
Asiae
India
: politica
Ministri rerum externarum Indici
India
: geographica
Civitates et territoria Indiae
Civitates et territoria Indiae: nomina Anglica
Civitates et territoria Indiae: nomina Hindica
Indiae urbes milies milium incolarum