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Republic of India
भारत गणराज्य
Bharat Gaṇarājya
India
ka jhanda
National Emblem
Motto: Satyameva Jayate
English: Truth Alone Triumphs
Sanskrit:सत्यमेव जयते
जय हिन्द, jay hind
Rajabhasa
हिन्दी Hindi
Maatra bhasa
Malayalam, Bengali, Punjabi, Gujarati, Marathi, Marwari, Tamil, Telegu, Kannada, Sanskrit, Mizo, Bihari, Kashmiri, Urdu, Farsi, Konkani, Assamese, Sindhi, Odia, Nishi
Dusre bhasa
Nepali, Persian(Farsi), Arabic, (Pashton), Adi
Sambandh
Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iran, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Myanmar, Bangladesh, China, Hong Kong, Russia, South East Asia, South Asia
NRI (Non Residing Indian)
MENA(5 million), North America aur Asia(2 million each), Europe (500,000), South America, United Kingdom & Australia(350,000 each).
Overseas Indian
Asia(3 million), North America(4 million), Africa & UK(1.5 million each), Australia(400,000), Europe & MENA(100,000 each)
Migrants
12 million
Rashtra Gaana:
Jana Gana Mana
Rajdhani
New Delhi
28º 34' N, 77º 12' E
Sarkaar
- President
- Prime Minister
- Vice President
Federal republic
Droupadi Murmu
Narendra Modi
Jagdeep Dankhar
Ajaadi
-Date
- United Kingdom (British Raaj)
15 August
1947
Kshetrafal
- Total
% paani
7th position
3,287,263
km²
9.56%
Janasankhya
- Total (
2023
-Density
- 2nd position
1,385,000,000
403.8/km
GDP
- Total (
2023
- Per capita
5th position
$ 3,750,000,000 ($1.2 billion - $350 billion)
$ 2,707 varies state to state ($2000 - $20000)
Dharam
Hinduism
Dusre Dharam
Sikhism, Islam, Buddhism, Christian, Zoroastrian, Judaism
Mudra
Indian rupee(INR)
Samay Mandal
UTC +5:30
Durbhasha code
+91
Internet TLD
.in
India (Bharat, Hindustan), South
Asia
ka ek desh hae. Iski abaadi 1,370,000,000 se jaada hae. India ki raajdhaani
New Delhi
hae. Is desh ki 22 adhikarik bhashayen hae. Ye kshetrafal me duniya ka satvaan (7th) sab se bada desh hae aur abaadi mein sab se bada desh hae, aur duniya ki sab se barraa democracy hae. Iske dakshin me
Indian Ocean
, pashchim me
Arabian Sea
, purab me
Bay of Bengal
hae. Iske border ke paschim me
Pakistan
, uttar me
China
Bhutan
Nepal
aur poorab me
Bangladesh
aur
Myanmar
hae. India ke dakshin me
Indian Ocean
me to the east. India ke dakshin me
Sri Lanka
Maldives
, aur
Indonesia
hae.
India ke ruling ke ithiaas ke bare mein kaha gaya hae ki Chandragupt Murya India ke pehle Raja the aur modern day India ko banane mein Shri Jawaharlal Nehru ka haath hae magar Shri Dr. Rajendra Prasad bhi ho sakte hae British ke madam se. Aur dusre aise ithasik log hae Ashoka the Great. Turko Indian Tuqhlaq aur Mughal Empire ka bhi haath hae, Indus valley civilization. Aaj ke zamane mein
All India National Congress
aur
Bharatiya Janata Party
aur Janata Dal aur communist party ka Hukum ke barabari chalta hae aur raja aur politician ke bhi haath hae.
India
me 28 states aur 9 union territories hae (jisme national capital territory bhi hae)
. Union territories ke President of India se appoint karaa gais administrators chalawe hae. Dui territor, (Delhi aur Puducherry) ke partial statehood dewa gais hae, jisme ek elected legislature aur executive councils of ministers hae, lekin state e raam ii logan ke lage puura taagat nai hae.Article 370 5 August ko remove kiya tha aur tab 9 union terretories ho gaye.
National symbols of the Republic of India (Official)
National heritage animal
National bird
National tree
Bargad Ka Ped
National flower
National animal
National aquatic marine mammal
National reptile
National heritage mammal
National fruit
National temple
National river
National mountain
States
Number
State
Code
Capital
Andhra Pradesh
AP
Amaravati
Arunachal Pradesh
AR
Itanagar
Assam
AS
Dispur
Bihar
BR
Patna
Chhattisgarh
CG
Raipur
Goa
GA
Panaji
Gujarat
GJ
Gandhinagar
Haryana
HR
Chandigarh
Himachal Pradesh
HP
Shimla
10
Jharkhand
JH
Ranchi
11
Karnataka
KA
Bangalore
12
Kerala
KL
Thiruvananthapuram
13
Madhya Pradesh
MP
Bhopal
14
Maharashtra
MH
Mumbai
15
Manipur
MN
Imphal
16
Meghalaya
ML
Shillong
17
Mizoram
MZ
Aizawl
18
Nagaland
NL
Kohima
19
Orissa
OR
Bhubaneswar
20
Punjab
PB
Chandigarh
21
Rajasthan
RJ
Jaipur
22
Sikkim
SK
Gangtok
23
Tamil Nadu
TN
Chennai
24
Tripura
TR
Agartala
25
Uttar Pradesh
UP
Lucknow
26
Uttarakhand
UL
Dehradun
27
West Bengal
WB
Kolkata
28
Telangana
TS
Hyderabad
Union Territories
Number
Union territory
Code
Capital
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
AN
Port Blair
Chandigarh
CH
Chandigarh
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
DN
Dadra
Lakshadweep
LD
Kavaratti
National Capital Territory
ND
New Delhi
Puducherry
PY
Puducherry
Jammu and Kashmir
JK
Srinagar
and
Jammu
Ladakh
LA
Leh
Etymology
India ke naam Indus se aais hae, jon ki purana Farsi bhasa me Hindu sabd hae. Farsi me ii Sanskrit सिन्धु (Sindhu) se aais hae, jisme ii Indus Naddi ke naam hae. Purana jamana ke Greeek logan Hindusani log ke Indoi (Ινδοί), yaaniki Indus ke log, bolate the. India ke Constitution me des ko Bharat (ucharan: [ˈbʱaːrət̪]) bola jata hae. Bharat naam India ke ek purana raja Bharata se aya hae. Hindustan ([ɦɪnd̪ʊˈst̪aːn]) , jo ki Farsi se aaya hae, ka matalab “Hinduyon ka desh” hae.
Itihaas
India ek prachin des hae jiska lamba itihas hae. Adhunik India 1947 se ajaad desh hae,jo pehle British imperial crown aur usse pehle
East India company
ke indirect control Mein Tha.
India ke itihaas uu time se suruu hoe hae jab ki 500,000 saal pahle hian pe
Homo erectus
rahat rahin, Iske baad hian pe 75,000 saal pahile
Homo sapiens
rahe ke suruu karin.
Indus Valley Civilization
, jon ki Indian sub-continent ke northwestern hissa me c. 3300 se 1300 BCE talak rahaa, India ke pahila khaas civilization rahaa.
Iron Age
me ek
Vedic Civilization
Indo-Gangetic plain
me suru bhais jisme
Magadha
kingdom rahaa jon ki
Mahavira
aur
Gautama Buddha
ke 6th or 5th century BCE me janam dis rahaa.
4th and 3rd centuries BCE me lagbhag subcontinent ke sab hissa ke
Maurya Empire
aapan niche kar liis. Iske baad 1500 chhota chhota kingdom, jiske middle ke nnam se jaana jaawe hae, rahaa. Ii time India ke economy jorr se barha rahaa. 4h century me India ke north aur cental hissa ke unite kar ke Gupta Empire banaa jon ki 200 saal talak chalaa. Ii time Hinduism aur aage barrha. South India me
Chalukyas
Cholas
Pallavas
, aur
Pandyas
raj karat rahin jon ki
Hinduism
aur
Buddhism
ke
Asia
ke dusra des me export karin.
South India me,
Kerala
77 CE se Roman Empire se trade karat rahaa. Islam bhi pahile Kerala me Muslim traders se aais. Muslim rule subcontinent me 712 CE me aais jab ki Arab general
Muhammad bin Qasim
Sindh
aur
Multan
pr kapjaa karis.
Iske baad dher aur Muslim invaders central Asia se aain aur
Delhi Sultanate
aur
Mughal Empire
jaise Empire ke suruu karin.
Mughal Empire ke saathe dher
Rajput
kingdoms, aur dher Hindu states, jaise ki
Vijayanagara Empire
Maratha Empire
, aur
Ahom Kingdom
bhi rahaa. 18th century me Moghul Empire
Afghans
Balochis
Sikhs
, aur Marathas ke kaaran kamjor hoe gais. .
Mid-18th century ke baad, India ke dhire dhire British East India Company aapan niche kar liis. Company ke raaj se nakhusi ke kaaran
Indian Rebellion of 1857
bhais aur iske baad , India ke was directly
British Crown
ke niche karaa gais. Iske baad
struggle for independence
ke
Indian National Congress
suru karis jiske baad me
Muslim League
bhi join karis. Subcontinent ke
United Kingdom
se 1947 me ajaadi mila aur des ke partition kar ke India aur Pakistan banawa gais.
List of Vice Presidents of India
file:Jagdeep Dhankar (cropped).jpg
Shri Jagdeep Dankhar
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan - Independent
Zakir Husain - Independent
Varahagiri Venkatagiri - Independent
Gopal Swarup Pathak - Independent
B. D. Jatti - INC
M. Hidayatullah - Independent
R. Venkatraman - INC
K. R. Narayan - INC
Krishan Kant - Janata Dal
Bhairon Singh Shekhawat - BJP
M. Hamid Ansari - INC
M. Venkaiah Naidu - BJP
Jagdeep Dhankar
(Present) - BJP
Pradhan Mantri/Prime Minister
Name
Chapa
Entered Office
Left office
Birth
Death
Political party
Jawahar Lal Nehru
15 August 1947
27 May 1964
14 November 1889
27 May 1964
Indian National Congress|100px
Rajiv & Indira Gandhi
Indian National Congress
Gulzarilal Nanda
27 May 1964
9 June 1964 *
4 July 1898
15 January 1998
Indian National Congress
Lal Bahadur Shastri
9 June 1964
11 January 1966
2 October 1904
11 January 1966
Indian National Congress
Gulzarilal Nanda
11 January 1966
24 January 1966 *
4 July 1898
15 January 1998
Indian National Congress
Morarji Desai
24 March 1977
28 July 1979
29 February 1896
10 April 1995
Janata Party
Charan Singh
28 July 1979
14 January 1980
23 December 1902
29 May 1987
Janata Party
Vishwanath Pratap Singh
2 December 1989
10 November 1990
25 June 1931
27 November 2008
Janata Dal
Chandra Shekhar
10 November 1990
21 June 1991
1 July 1927
8 July 2007
Samajwadi Janata Party
P. V. Narasimha Rao
21 June 1991
16 May 1996
28 June 1921
23 December 2004
Indian National Congress
Atal Bihari Vajpayee
16 May 1996
1 June 1996
325 December 1924
16 August 2018
Bharatiya Janata Party
Inder Kumar Gujral
21 April 1997
19 March 1998
4 December 1919
30 November 2012
Janata Dal
Atal Bihari Vajpayee
19 March 1998
22 May 2004
25 December 1924
16 August 2018
Bharatiya Janata Party
Dr. Manmohan Singh
22 May 2004
26 May 2014
26 September 1932
Alive
Indian National Congress
Narendra Damodardas Modi
26 May 2014
Incumbent
17 September 1950
Alive
Bharatiya Janata Party
Notes
* Interim - It is debatable whether Mr. Gulzari Lal Nanda was a Prime Minister or an Acting Prime Minister. The constitution does not have a position of acting Prime Minister. Mr. Nanda was sworn in as the Prime Minister of India. In contrast, the constitution provides for an acting President who discharges the duties of a President. Hence, constitutional experts and historians now agree that Mr. Nanda is the second Prime Minister of India.
-indicates a full term
Assassinated or Died in Office
Returned to Office
Resigned
Dismissed by President following a
no-confidence motion
Presidents
Ii suchi ke number karaa gais hae uu order pe jispe uu logan presential election ke jitin rahaa.
Varahagiri Venkata Giri
Muhammad Hidayatullah
, aur
Basappa Danappa Jatti
, acting president rahin, aur ii kaaran se number nai karaa gais hae. India ke President koi party ke member nai rahe hae aur
Political party
waala column ii dekhae hae ki president elect hoe se pahile kon party me rahaa.
Name
Portrait
Took office
Left office
Vice President
Notes
Dr Rajendra Prasad
26 January 1950
13 May 1962
Dr.S Radhakrishnan
Prasad, ajaad India ke pahila President rahaa aur Bihar ke rahaa.
Uu India ke ajaadi ke larai me bhi involved rahaa.
Prasad, ekke President rahaa jon ki dui dafe President banaa.
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
13 May 1962
13 May 1967
Zakir Hussain
Radhakrishnan was a prominent philosopher, writer, a
Knight of the Realm
and also held the position of
vice chancellor
of the
Andhra University
and
Banaras Hindu University
He was also made a Knight of the
Golden Army of Angels
by
Pope Paul VI
Zakir Hussain
13 May 1967
3 May 1969
Varahagiri Venkata Giri
Hussain was vice chancellor of the
Aligarh Muslim University
and a recipient of
Padma Vibhushan
and
Bharat Ratna
10
He died before his term of office was ended.
Varahagiri Venkata Giri
No Image Available?
3 May 1969
20 July 1969
Giri was appointed as acting president following the death of Hussain.
11
He resigned in a few months to take part in the presidential elections.
Muhammad Hidayatullah
20 July 1969
24 August 1969
Hidayatullah served as the
Chief Justice of India
, and was a recipient of the
Order of the British Empire
12
He served as acting president until the election of Giri as the President of India.
Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed
24 August 1974
11 February 1977
Basappa Danappa Jatti
Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed served as a Minister before being elected as president. He died in 1977 before his term of office ended, and was the second Indian president to have died during a term of office.
13
Basappa Danappa Jatti
No Image Available
11 February 1977
25 July 1977
Jatti was the vice president of India during Ahmed's term of office, and was sworn in as acting president upon Ahmed's death. He earlier functioned as the Chief Minister for the State of
Mysore
13
14
Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
25 July 1977
25 July 1982
Muhammad Hidayatullah
N.S.Reddy was the first Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh State. Reddy was the only
Member of Parliament
from the Janata Party to get elected from Andhra Pradesh.
15
He was unanimously elected Speaker of the
Lok Sabha
on 26 March 1977 and relinquished this office on 13 July 1977 to become the 6th President of India.
Giani Zail Singh
25 July 1982
25 July 1987
Ramaswamy Venkataraman
In March 1972, Singh assumed the position of chief Minister of Punjab, and in 1980, he became Union Home Minister.
16
Ramaswamy Venkataraman
25 July 1987
25 July 1992
Shankar Dayal Sharma
In 1942, Venkataraman was jailed by the British for his involvement in the
India's independence
movement.
17
After his release, he was elected to independent India’s Provisional Parliament as a member of the Congress Party in 1950 and eventually joined the central government, where he first served as Minister of Finance and Industry and later as Minister of Defence.
18
Shankar Dayal Sharma
No Image Available?
25 July 1992
25 July 1997
Kocheril Raman Narayanan
Sharma was Chief Minister of
Madhya Pradesh
, and the Indian Minister for Communications. He has also served as the governor of
Andhra Pradesh
Punjab
and
Maharashtra
19
Kocheril Raman Narayanan
No Image Available?
25 July 1997
25 July 2002
Krishan Kant
Narayanan served as India's ambassador to Thailand, Turkey, China and United States of America. He received doctorates in Science and Law and was also a chancellor in several universities.
20
He was also the vice-chancellor of
Jawaharlal Nehru University
21
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
25 July 2002
25 July 2007
Bhairon Singh Shekhawat
Kalam, was a scientist who played a leading role in the development of India's ballistic missile and nuclear weapons programs.
22
Kalam also received the
Bharat Ratna
Pratibha Patil
25 July 2007
Incumbent
25 July 2012
Mohammad Hamid Ansari
Patil is the first woman to become the President of India. She was also the first female Governor of Rajasthan.
23
24
Pranab Mukherjee
25 July 2012
25 July 2017
Mohammad Hamid Ansari
In a political career spanning five decades, Mukherjee has been a senior leader in the Indian National Congress and has occupied several ministerial portfolios in the Government of India.
Ram Nath Kovind
25 July 2017
25 July 2022
Mohammad Hamid Ansari
M. Venkaiah Naidu
Previously he had served as the 26th Governor of Bihar from 2015 to 2017 and was a Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha from 1994 to 2006. Kovind was nominated as a presidential candidate by the ruling NDA coalition and won the 2017 presidential election.
Droupadi Murmu
25 July 2022
Current
Jagdeep Dhankar
M. Venkaiah Naidu
Presidency hasil karne se pehle Murmu Jharkhand mien ke mantri thi inhone 2015 - 2021 take kaam kiya hae. Murmu agricultural department mein ek junior assistant thi aur kai baar chunau mein khadi hui hae. Governor ke samay mein Murmu ne kai award hasil ki hae. Murmu India ki doosri mahila president hae.
Symbol (*) light brown backgroundke saathe, ii dekhae hae ki iiacting president rahaa.
States and union territories
Khaas article:
States and territories of India
Chapa
New Delhi me Government Office
India ke Topograhic map
Ladakh
Taj Mahal
Mumbai
Uttar Pradesh
Statue Inside monument Satue of Unity
Wagah Border Pakistan & Punjab
Kerala
Goa
Gujarat
References
States and Union Territories of India - Source - Govt of India Official Website
"History in Chronological Order"
. Government of Pakistan
. Retrieved
2008-01-09
"Pakistan"
. Library of Congress
. Retrieved
2008-01-09
"Dr. Rajendra Prasad"
The Hindu
. 7 May 1952. Archived from
the original
on 11 January 2009
. Retrieved
30 November
2008
Republic Day
",
Time
, 6 February 1950.
Retrieved on
30 Navambar
2008
Archived
25 Disambar 2018 at the
Wayback Machine
"Rajendra Prasad's birth anniversary celebrated"
The Hindu
. 10 December 2006
. Retrieved
30 November
2008
Harish Khare (6 December 2006).
"Selecting the next Rashtrapati"
The Hindu
. Retrieved
30 November
2008
Ramachandra Guha (15 April 2006).
"Why Amartya Sen should become the next president of India"
. The Telegraph
. Retrieved
30 November
2008
"Dr S. Radhakrishnan"
The Sunday Tribune
. 30 January 2000
. Retrieved
30 November
2008
"Zakir Husain, Dr"
. Vice President's Secretariat
. Retrieved
30 November
2008
"Shekhawat need not compare himself to Giri: Shashi Bhushan"
The Hindu
. 12 July 2007
. Retrieved
30 November
2008
"Hidayatullah, Shri M"
. Vice President's Secretariat
. Retrieved
30 November
2008
"Gallery of Indian Presidents"
. Press Information Bureau of the Government of India
. Retrieved
30 November
2008
"Jatti, Shri Basappa Danappa"
. Vice President's Secretariat
. Retrieved
30 November
2008
Bhargava, G.S..
Making of the Prez - Congress chief selects PM as well as President
",
The Tribune
Retrieved on
6 Janwari
2009
Wolpert, Stanley A. (1999).
"India"
. University of California Press. p.
217
. Retrieved
3 January
2009
Hazarika, Sanjoy.
Man In The News; India's Mild New President: Ramaswamy Venkataraman
",
The New York Times
, 17 July 1987.
Retrieved on
6 Janwari
2009
"Venkataraman, Shri R."
Vice President's Secretariat
. Retrieved
6 January
2009
Navtej Sarna (27 December 1999).
"Former President Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma passes away"
. Embassy of India, Washington D.C
. Retrieved
6 December
2008
"Narayanan, Shri K, R"
. Vice President's Secretariat
. Retrieved
6 December
2008
"The BJP's aim was to get rid of me"
. Confederation of Human Rights Organizations. Archived from
the original
on 12 October 2008
. Retrieved
6 January
2009
Ramana,
M. V.
Reddy, C. Rammanohar
(2002).
Prisoners of the Nuclear Dream
New Delhi:
Orient Longman.
p.
169
Emily Wax.
Female President Elected in India
",
The Washington Post
, 22 July 2007.
Retrieved on
2 Disambar
2008
"Pratibha Patil is Rajasthan's first woman governor"
Express India
. 8 November 2008. Archived from
the original
on 25 December 2018
. Retrieved
6 December
2008
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