Ingrid Vendrell-Ferran - Philipps Universität Marburg

Ingrid Vendrell-Ferran - Philipps Universität Marburg
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Ingrid Vendrell-Ferran
Philipps Universität Marburg
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Prof. Dr. Íngrid Vendrell Ferran
Philipps-Universität Marburg
Institut für Philosophie
Wilhelm-Röpke-Straße 6
35032 Marburg
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Books by Ingrid Vendrell-Ferran
Die Vielfalt der Erkenntnis. Eine Analyse des kognitiven Werts der Literatur
Mentis, EXPLICATIO
, 2018
Eine Grundmotivation, sich mit fiktionaler Literatur zu beschäftigen, liegt in ihrer Fähigkeit, u...
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Eine Grundmotivation, sich mit fiktionaler Literatur zu beschäftigen, liegt in ihrer Fähigkeit, uns Lebenswahrheiten zu vermitteln, die Welt aus einer anderen Perspektive zu zeigen und unseren Erfahrungshorizont zu erweitern. In all diesen Fällen handelt es sich um Metaphern, die auf die kognitive Relevanz unserer Auseinandersetzung mit literarischen Werken hinweisen. Die Erklärung dieser Metaphern kann nicht nur unsere Beschäftigung mit fiktionaler Literatur, sondern auch den Begriff der Erkenntnis und seine Vielfalt erhellen. In diesem Buch wird eine akkurate Analyse des kognitiven Werts fiktionaler Literatur unternommen. Neben der Vermittlung von Wahrheiten und propositionalem Wissen steht im Mittelpunkt des Buches die Untersuchung von Erkenntnisformen, welchen bislang eher wenig Aufmerksamkeit zuteil wurde. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden perspektivische, phänomenale, empathische und ethische Erkenntnisse in Betracht gezogen. Es sind insbesondere die letztgenannten Erkenntnisformen diejenigen, die für die Literatur kennzeichnend sind und die es uns ermöglichen, über uns selbst hinauszuschauen und unsere Existenz in verschiedener Form zu bereichern
Die Emotionen. Gefühle in der realistischen Phänomenologie
In den letzten Jahrzehnten sind die Emotionen zu einem der zentralen Themen der Philosophie des G...
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In den letzten Jahrzehnten sind die Emotionen zu einem der zentralen Themen der Philosophie des Geistes geworden. Erstaunlich ist, dass dennoch die frühen phänomenologischen Beiträge der ersten Schüler Husserls zum Thema in Vergessenheit geraten sind. Dabei können die Gefühlskonzeptionen und Analysen emotionaler Phänomene von Pfänder, Voigtländer, Haas, Geiger, Scheler, Stein, Walther, Kolnai, Ortega y Gasset wegen ihrer einzigartigen Präzision und Erfahrungsnähe die heutige Debatte entscheidend bereichern. Im vorliegenden Band wird einerseits die Rekonstruktion einer Theorie der Emotionen unternommen, die implizit in den Texten der ersten Phänomenologen liegt. Andererseits werden systematische Antworten auf Fragen und Problemstellungen gegeben, die die aktuelle Diskussion bestimmen. Was sind Emotionen? Inwiefern kann man von emotionaler Realität und Irrealität, Echtheit und Unechtheit sprechen? Kann es Emotionen über Fiktionen geben? Gibt es unterbewusste Emotionen? Welche Rolle spielen leibliche Aspekte? Was bedeutet es, dass Emotionen intentional sind? In welcher Beziehung stehen sie zu Werten? Das sind die Leitfragen des Buchs.
Books edited by Ingrid Vendrell-Ferran
Philosophical Perspectives on Memory and Imagination
This book explores the structure and function of memory and imagination, as well as the relation ...
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This book explores the structure and function of memory and imagination, as well as the relation and interaction between the two states. It is the first book to offer an integrative approach to these two emerging areas of philosophical research.
The essays in this volume deal with a variety of forms of imagining and remembering. The contributors come from a range of methodological backgrounds: empirically minded philosophers, analytic philosophers engaging mainly in conceptual analysis, and philosophers informed by the phenomenological tradition. Part 1 consists of novel contributions to ontological issues regarding the nature of memory and imagination and their respective structural features. Part 2 focuses on questions of justification and perspective regarding both states. The chapters in Part 3 discuss issues regarding memory and imagination as skills or powers. Finally, Part 4 focuses on the relation between memory, imagination, and emotion.
Philosophical Perspectives on Memory and Imagination will be of interest to scholars and advanced students working in philosophy of memory, philosophy of imagination, philosophy of mind, and epistemology.
Else Voigtländer: Self, Emotion, and Sociality
This book is the first to offer a full account of the philosophical work of Else Voigtländer. Loc...
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This book is the first to offer a full account of the philosophical work of Else Voigtländer. Locating the sources of her thought in the philosophy and psychology of the 19th and 20th centuries in figures such as Nietzsche and Lipps, the book uncovers and examines Voigtländer’s intellectual exchanges with both phenomenology and psychoanalysis. The major themes within her work are also considered in light of more recent developments in the philosophy of emotion, self, and sociality.
Empathy, Fiction and Imagination
by
Ingrid Vendrell-Ferran
and
Susanne Schmetkamp
Special Issue Topoi
, 2019
The concept of empathy has been central to many recent debates in the humanities and neuroscience...
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The concept of empathy has been central to many recent debates in the humanities and neurosciences. Since the discovery of “mirror neurons” in the 1990s (e.g. Rizzolatti et al. 2006), there has been much discussion about the process, the outcome, and the function of empathy. For instance, there is still some controversy over whether empathy – broadly understood as the understanding of mental states (such as emotions, beliefs, and desires) of others – implies a kind of theoretical inference (Theory Theory), imaginative simulation (Simulation Theory), or direct perception (Direct Perception Approach) (for an overview, see Batson 2009; Coplan 2011; Stueber 2017). Whereas cognitivist approaches from the Theory of Mind – such as Theory Theory (Carruthers 1996) and especially Simulation Theory (Goldman 2006) – took prominence for a while, more recently attention has also been given to phenomenological accounts, which take the direct intersubjective encounter and the embeddedness of the self more seriously (Gallagher/Hutto 2008; Gallagher 2012; Zahavi 2001; Zahavi/Overgaard 2012). In drawing on historical phenomenologists like Max Scheler and Edith Stein, as well as current theories of embodiment, such phenomenological approaches to empathy argue that we have an unmediated and experiential access to the mental states, especially emotions, of other persons (Zahavi 2014). According to this view, we see immediately in the expressions of others what they experience. For this to happen, face-to-face and intersubjective interaction is necessary. However, this seems problematic in relation to fictions – such as narrative films or literature – for there is no real encounter, nor are any real persons involved. Rather, imagination and narrative frames seem necessary to become empathetically engaged with fiction and the emotional situations of the characters. This is why some authors, especially from film and literary studies, emphasize the imaginative impact of empathic processes (Carroll 1990; Currie 1995; Gaut 2010; Grodal 1997), or argue for an additional contextual, narrative approach (Gallagher 2012). But in order to better understand the mental states of fictional characters, we must use our capacity of imagination, broadly understood as the ability to represent entities which are not present or do not exist. But is imagining fictional worlds therefore an appropriate or sufficient basis for our experience with various forms of fiction – be it a text or a film? Surely, insofar as there is no real encounter, we have to fill in the gap via our imaginative capacity and comprehend the perspectives of characters by way of a particular form of perspective-taking (Goldie 1999). Of course, the question then arises as to what extent these aspects are interrelated and even compatible: direct perception, narrative comprehension, and imaginative perspective-taking.
The issue contains a selection of invited contributions, including: Robert Blanchet, Fritz Breithaupt, Thiemo Breyer, Marco Caracciolo, Jens Eder, Shaun Gallagher, Suzanne Keen, Catrin Misselhorn, Jan Müller, Matthias Schloßberger, Thomas Szanto, Christiana Werner.
Beauty. New Essays in Aesthetics and Philosophy of Art
by
Ingrid Vendrell-Ferran
and
Wolfgang Huemer
Philosophia Verlag
, 2019
Empathie im Film. Perspektiven der Ästhetischen Theorie, Phänomenologie und Analytischen Philosophie
Wahrheit, Wissen und Erkenntnis in der Literatur. Philosophische Beiträge
by
Ingrid Vendrell-Ferran
and
Christoph Demmerling
Die Beiträge dieses Bandes werfen die Frage nach dem Erkenntniswert der Literatur auf. Der erste ...
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Die Beiträge dieses Bandes werfen die Frage nach dem Erkenntniswert der Literatur auf. Der erste Teil des Bandes enthält Beiträge, welche die Frage nach dem Verhältnis zwischen literarischen und anderen Weisen menschlicher Selbstverständigung diskutieren. Im zweiten Teil des Buches finden sich Aufsätze, welche die verschiedenen Argumente, die in der Diskussion um die Frage nach dem kognitiven Wert der Literatur eine Rolle spielen, einer eingehenden Prüfung unterziehen. Sie fragen danach, ob und inwieweit die Literatur Wissen vermittelt. Die Beiträge des dritten Teils vertiefen die Untersuchungen zum kognitiven Wert der Literatur, indem sie verschiedene Formen des Wissens behandeln. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit erhalten die Vergegenwärtigungsleitung der Literatur, das propositionale Wissen, das Zeugniswissen und das begriffliche Wissen. Der vierte Teil des Buches schließlich enthält Aufsätze, die sich mit der Literatur als Quelle moralischen Wissens beschäftigen und den Beitrag der Literatur zu psychologischen Fragen diskutieren, welche das Verständnis der Rolle der Gefühle und die narrative Dimension der Selbstidentität betreffen.
A. Kolnai: Asco, Soberbia, Odio
Aurel Kolnai
, Sep 1, 2013
M. Scheler: Esencia y Formas de la simpatía
M. Scheler: Sobre el pudor y el sentimiento de vergüenza
M. Scheler: Los ídolos del Autoconocimiento
Papers by Ingrid Vendrell-Ferran
Understanding as Transformative Activity: Radicalizing Neo-Cognitivism for Literary Narratives
Philosophia
, 2023
Mikkonen's new book and his emphasis on understanding should be regarded as an important contribu...
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Mikkonen's new book and his emphasis on understanding should be regarded as an important contribution to the contemporary debate on the cognitive value of literary narratives. As I shall argue, his notion of understanding can also help explain how literature is existentially valuable. In so doing, his account can support a radicalized contemporary neo-cognitivism according to which literature can affect us existentially and lead to a personal transformation.
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Understanding outperforms knowledge in capturing cognitive values of literature, advocating for a paradigm shift in literary analysis.
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La irracionalitat de l'odi ideològic
Compàs d'amalgama
, 2023
The Transformative Power of Literary Perspectives
The Journal of Aesthetic Education 57 (3)
, 2023
This paper employs the concept of “transformative experience” to develop a radical version of aes...
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This paper employs the concept of “transformative experience” to develop a radical version of aesthetic cognitivism, according to which engaging with literary perspectives might lead the reader to experience not only an epistemic but also a personal transformation. It is argued that the reader’s imaginative and empathic abilities when subjected to the aesthetic norms that govern a literary work can mobilize other aspects of her psychology, eliciting in this way a change in her core values and, consequently, in the way in which she engages with the world. After introducing the topic (section 1), the paper discusses the “scope” of literary perspectives in terms of the character’s subjective experiences (section 2). Next, it offers an analysis of the “depth” of literary perspectives in terms of the degree of involvement of the reader’s imaginative and empathic abilities (section 3). It proceeds to examine how the interplay between the “scope” and “depth” in the reader’s engagement with a literary perspective can explain her epistemic and personal transformation (section 4). In the final part, the paper analyzes how the personal transformation changes the reader’s value system (section 5). The main findings are summarized in the conclusion (section 6).
Imagination in Early Phenomenological Accounts of Empathy
Empathy's Role in Understanding Persons, Literature, and Art, ed. by Thomas Petraschka and Christiana Werner
, 2023
This paper argues that early phenomenologists used the concept of empathy not only to refer to th...
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This paper argues that early phenomenologists used the concept of empathy not only to refer to the direct perception of the other’s experiences – as underscored by contemporary proponents of the Direct Perception Theory – but also to describe – in a sense close to Lipps’s theory and contemporary Simulation Theory – how, by virtue of imagining, we “feel into” animate and inanimate objects. Focusing on this second usage of the term, two kinds of imagination-based accounts of empathy in early phenomenology are identified. According to “radical imaginationists”, empathy can be explained in terms of the series of imaginative processes entailed in the idea of “feeling into”, such as projecting oneself into the target, “imitating” its feelings, and resonating with it. Voigtländer’s account of empathizing with one’s own self in Vom Selbstgefühl (1910) and Geiger’s account of empathy with atmospheres in “Zum Problem der Stimmungseinfühlung” (1911) can in this sense be regarded as radical imaginationist theories. According to “moderate imaginationists”, empathy might (but need not) entail imagining. Stein’s account of empathy with others in On the Problem of Empathy (Zum Problem der Einfühlung) (1917/1989) as a three-step process which can involve imagination-like states is a good example of a moderate imaginationist account.
Hassen: Warum es so schwierig ist, damit aufzuhören
in: Liessmann, P.K. (Hg.): Der Hass. Anatomie eines elementaren Gefühls. Zsolnay Verlag
, 2023
Shame as a Self-Conscious Positive Emotion: Scheler’s Radical Revisionary Approach
in: Fussi, A., und Rodogno, R. (Hg.): The Moralpsychology of Shame, Rowman & Littlefield
, 2023
This paper explores Max Scheler’s (1874–1928) essay “On Shame and Feelings of Modesty” (Über Scha...
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This paper explores Max Scheler’s (1874–1928) essay “On Shame and Feelings of Modesty” (Über Scham und Schamgefühl) (1913). It analyzes Scheler’s view on shame as a specifically human self-conscious emotion in which the subject becomes aware of the positive values of the self, i.e., her self-worth. It is argued that, in the context of current research, Scheler should be regarded as defending a radical revisionary approach to this emotion. First, against today’s widespread view that shame is an intrinsically social emotion that requires real or imagined others to take place and which emerges to guarantee compliance with social norms, Scheler argues that shame is an emotion about the self which requires neither a relation with others nor internalized social norms. Second, rather than regarding shame as having a negative impact on the individual and her interpersonal relations, for Scheler, shame accomplishes the valuable function of disclosing and protecting positive values of the self, even if this self is not one’s own. With both claims, Scheler challenges what Deonna, Rodogno, and Teroni (2011) have labeled respectively “shame socialism” and “shame pessimism,” and offers an alternative to understand the nature, functions, and varieties of shame which remains as innovative today as it was in his own time.
Hostile Affective States and Their Self-Deceptive Styles
in: Montes Sánchez, A. und Salice, A. (eds.): Self-knowledge and Emotion, Routledge
, 2023
This paper explores how individuals experiencing hostile affective states such as envy, jealousy,...
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This paper explores how individuals experiencing hostile affective states such as envy, jealousy, hate, contempt, and Ressentiment tend to deceive themselves about their own mental states. More precisely, it examines how the feeling of being diminished in worth experienced by the subject of these hostile affective states motivates a series of self-deceptive maneuvers that generate a fictitious upliftment of the subject’s sense of self. After introducing the topic (section 1), the paper explores the main arguments that explain why several hostile affective states involve a feeling of diminution in the subject’s own value (section 2). Next, it offers an analysis of how the negative feeling of self-worth motivates self-deception. While in extrinsically motivated self-deception, the subject feels diminished in worth after negatively evaluating her own hostile affective states, in intrinsically motivated self-deception, the negative feelings of self-worth are constituent elements of the hostile affective state in question (section 3). Cases of intrinsically motivated self-deception are particularly intriguing because in them the motivation for self-deception is inherent to the hostile affective state, independently of external reasons. I coin the expression “self-deceptive style” to capture the distinctive form in which each hostile affective state intrinsically motivates changes in the architecture of the mind (e.g., perception, imagining, memory, judgment, attention, etc.) in order to generate an upliftment of the self (section 4). To show the descriptive and explanatory function of this concept, a comparative analysis of the self-deceptive styles of envy and hate is provided (section 5). The conclusion summarizes the main findings and explores directions for further research (section 6).
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Intrinsic motivations for self-deception arise from feelings of worth diminishment in hostile affective states, differing from external motivations.
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Fictional Empathy, Imagination, and Knowledge of Value
in: Englander, M., und Ferrarello, S. (Hg): Empathy and Ethics, Rowman & Littlefield
, 2023
This paper maintains that empathy with fictional characters, aka fictional empathy, is morally va...
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This paper maintains that empathy with fictional characters, aka fictional empathy, is morally valuable insofar as it can provide the empathizer with knowledge of values. More precisely, the paper argues that fictional empathy enables the empathizer to become imaginatively acquainted with the other’s values, even if these values are very different from one’s own. After motivating the topic in the introduction (section 1), the paper presents some thoughts about the epistemology of value and empathy, establishing a distinction between direct and imaginative acquaintance with values (section 2). Next, it argues that empathy can lead the empathizer to co-experience the other’s values and, in so doing, make her directly or imaginatively acquainted with them (section 3). The paper discusses a possible challenge concerning the epistemic function of the imagination and explores different ways in which we can become imaginatively acquainted with values (section 4). It then examines features of fiction that explain why fictional empathy might be better suited than empathy for real others in pursuing this task (section 5). The paper closes by providing some reasons why we should regard the imaginative acquaintance with value attained through fictional empathy as morally valuable (section 6).
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