Jerman Nazi - Wikipédia

Jerman Nazi (Jerman: NS-Staat) inggih punika parinama Jerman riantara warsa 1933 lan 1945, ritatkala Adolf Hitler lan Partai Nazi (NSDAP) sané ipun ngamongang negara nganggén sistem kadiktatoran. Ring masa pamréntahan Hitler, Jerman kadadosang negara sané totaliter miwah nyansan akéh sané kaatur olih pamréntah. Aran resmi negara inggih punika "Deutsches Reich" (Jerman Reich) ngantos warsa 1943 miwah "Großdeutsches Reich" (Reich Jerman Raya) saking warsa 1943 ngantos warsa 1945. Jerman Nazi taler kasengguh Reich Katiga (Drittes Reich), sané mateges "Kekaisaran Katiga", antuk Kekaisaran Romawi Suci (800-1806) pinaka kekaisaran kapertama miwah Kekaisaran Jerman (1871-1918) pinaka kekaisaran kaping kalih. Rezim Nazi runtuh risampuné Sekutu ngaonang Jerman ring Méi 1945, muputang Yuda Jagat II ring Éropa.

↑ Pada 12 Juli 1933, Reichsinnenminister Wilhelm Frick, Menteri Dalam Negeri, memerintahkan agar Horst-Wessel-Lied dimainkan setelah lagu kebangsaan Das Lied der Deutschen, juga dikenal dengan Deutschland Über Alles.Tümmler 2010, p. 63.
1 2 3 4 Termasuk wilayah yang dianeksasi dan ditaklukkan de facto.
↑ Pada 1939, sebelum Jerman menguasai dua wilayah yang pernah dikendalikan olehnya sebelum Perjanjian Versailles (Alsace-Lorraine serta Danzig dan Koridor Polandia), luas wilayahnya tercatat sebesar 633,786 kilométer persegi (244,706 sq mi). Lihat Statistisches Jahrbuch 2006.
↑ "Die Bevölkerung des Deutschen Reichs nach den Ergebnissen der Volkszählung 1939 (Populasi Jerman menurut sensus 1939.), Berlin 1941" (2).
Pada 29 November 2006, Sekretaris Negara di Kementerian Federal Dalam Negeri Christoph Bergner mengungkapkan penyebab data statistik ini tidak cocok karena Haar hanya menyertakan orang-orang yang langsung dibunuh. Angka 2 sampai 2,5 juta juga termasuk warga Jerman yang meninggal karena penyakit, kelaparan, kedinginan, serangan udara, dan penyebab lainnya.Koldehoff 2006 Palang Merah Jerman masih menyatakan bahwa jumlah korban jiwa akibat pengusiran mencapai 2,2 juta.Kammerer & Kammerer 2005, p. 12.
Terdapat distrik-distrik sejenis yang diusulkan untuk dibentuk apabila wilayahnya berhasil dikuasai oleh Jerman, contohnya Reichskommissariat Moskowien (Moskwa), Reichskommissariat Kaukasus (Kaukasus), dan Reichskommissariat Turkestan (Turkistan).
"Namun demikian, bukti yang ada menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan, masyarakat sipil Jerman tidak menyetujui. Kampanye propaganda Goebbel yang dilakukan pada paruh kedua 1941 dan 1943 gagal memengaruhi mereka". Evans 2008, p. 561. Di halaman 560–562, Evans mengajukan beberapa bukti untuk mendukung kesimpulan ini, di antaranya: jarangnya terjadi diskusi di antara warga Jerman tentang persekusi dan pembunuhan kaum Yahudi dalam laporan mata-mata SS, kecaman dari kelompok-kelompok gereja di Bayern dan daerah lainnya, serta kutipan-kutipan laporan yang menunjukkan bahwa rakyat mengecam perlakuan pasukan Jerman terhadap Yahudi dan menyalahkannya sebagai sebab kerusakan yang dilakukan Sekutu di Jerman pada akhir perang.
Menurut Raeder, "Angkatan Udara kita tidak bisa diandalkan untuk menjaga transportasi kita dari Armada Britania, karena operasi mereka akan bergantung pada cuaca, jika tak ada alasan lain. Kita tidak bisa mengharapkan bahkan untuk sesaat saja bahwa Angkatan Udara kita bisa menebus ketiadaan keunggulan angkatan laut kita."Raeder 2001, pp. 324–325 Laksamana Agung Karl Dönitz meyakini bahwa keunggulan udara tidak cukup, dan mengakui, "Kita tidak memiliki kendali atas udara ataupun laut; kita juga tidak dalam posisi apa pun untuk mendapatkannya."Dönitz 2012, p. 114.

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