Papers by Jose A. Moreno
International Relations, 2025
Transnational networks of neoliberal think tanks have invested time and resources in creating cro... more Transnational networks of neoliberal think tanks have invested time and resources in creating cross-country strategy mobility to oppose climate action. Building on strategy mobility research directed against renewable energy policy, we ask how think tank studies circulate in media outlets both within and across borders, and what role the media plays in the effort to shape the energy transition. We examine the role of a US-based think tank, the Institute for Energy Research (IER), which financed studies in several countries in an attempt to make the case that public investment in renewables was not efficient or effective, and used them to counter green policies in other countries, particularly in the USA. By examining 115 articles in media outlets in five countries (Denmark, Germany, Italy, Spain, the USA), we show that these studies gained considerable transnational media traction in the USA and played an important role in creating opposition to President Obama’s climate policies in 2008–2009. In all but one country (Denmark), most media reporting amplified the studies’ messages. In line with recent research on the increasing transnational fragmentation of the public sphere, we find that right-wing media in particular presented a favorable treatment of the studies and generally did not question their methods or funding. By focusing on the transnational nexus between think tanks and media presence, we make an original contribution to the existing literature on critical policy mobility research, and show that climate obstructionism, in this manifestation of policy skepticism, was already very active in the 2000s.
Critical Policy Studies, 2025
Critical policy mobility literature still does not usually account for transnational opposition d... more Critical policy mobility literature still does not usually account for transnational opposition dedicated to push back against policy transfer. To address this gap, we examine the case of policy instruments and discourses in support of energy transition and green jobs. In the 2000s, countries such as Spain, Germany, and Denmark adopted policies to fund renewable energy expansion. The success of feed-in-tariff and other policies served as an example for the promotion of public renewable energy investment in the US. Yet by the early 2010s, Spain and Germany discarded feed-in tariffs and erected regulatory barriers against renewables. An opposing discourse coalition amplified policy controversies in North America and Europe. The Institute of Energy Research (IER) orchestrated such efforts in opposition to president Obama’s renewable energy program. An IER-led campaign focused on the denial of job market claims related to renewable energy (‘green jobs’). Pursuing a multi-site case study of opposition strategy mobility, we examine the organizational and discursive building blocks of this campaign. The campaign against renewable policy and green jobs undermined popular renewable energy transition arguments in times of financial crisis in the United States, and was also mobilized against renewable programs in Canada and Europe.
Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais, 2025
El reto que supone el cambio climático y el rol de los medios de comunicación en las sociedades... more El reto que supone el cambio climático y el rol de los medios de comunicación en las sociedades democráticas hace que sea necesaria una adaptación de las teorías normativas del periodismo para adecuarlas al contexto de crisis ecosocial. Este artículo realiza una discusión de los principales niveles de análisis del nivel ideal-normativo del periodismo, incluyendo su contexto filosófico, su encaje político y el ejercicio de la profesión en relación con los retos comunicativos que plantea la crisis climática. De este modo, este artículo pone en discusión ideas y elementos para el desarrollo de una teoría normativa del periodismo adaptada a la crisis climática, que tenga en cuenta corrientes de pensamiento emergentes que surgen para dar respuesta a esta crisis. Este artículo supone una contribución teórica al ámbito de estudio de la comunicación, la ética y el medioambiente.
Revista de la Asociación Española de Investigación de la Comunicación, 2025
Este estudio se centra en la cobertura mediática de la Ley 7/2023 y la reforma del Código Penal e... more Este estudio se centra en la cobertura mediática de la Ley 7/2023 y la reforma del Código Penal en materia de maltrato y abandono de animales. El objetivo principal es la identificación de actores y discursos que han quedado reflejados en la agenda mediática, en concreto sobre los animales usados con fines de entretenimiento. Se han examinado textos de diez periódicos españoles desde antes de la presentación del anteproyecto (1 de octubre de 2021) hasta el mes de su aprobación (3 de marzo de 2023) mediante una metodología de análisis de redes discursivas. El análisis identifica dos coaliciones discursivas: una a favor y otra en contra de una propuesta legislativa más estricta en materia de protección animal. Los resultados revelan que aparecen más actores en la coalición contraria. Los argumentos más introducidos en el debate giran en torno a la inclusión de perros utilizados para la caza en la ley; el uso de animales para entretenimiento en competiciones, espectáculos y otros formatos; la necesidad de que la ley sea aprobada, la crítica al lobby animalista y la crítica al de la caza. Las coaliciones identificadas compiten por institucionalizar su discurso y ejercer influencia sobre los partidos políticos y la opinión pública.
Journalism, 2024
This article lies in the field of research on communication and obstructionism towards climate ac... more This article lies in the field of research on communication and obstructionism towards climate action. The research addresses the role of the press in reproducing framings hostile to climate action when quoting some European think tanks the literature has identified as disseminators of climate obstructionist messages. The methodology is based on content and framing analysis, covering all European newspapers that have mentioned the five selected think tanks. The analysis comprises the study of 1516 texts extracted from 203 European newspapers listed on the Factiva platform. The results show that most of the press coverage about these organizations reproduced their frames against climate action, although this reproductive coverage decreased over time. Among these frames, those with political content predominated over those with climate science content. In particular, frames attacking the climate movement and questioning policies for being harmful or ineffective overshadowed scientific questioning. The research also includes a gender component in the analysis of the authorship of the texts, which shows that texts by male authors were slightly more likely to reproduce climate obstructionism than those by female authors. Ultimately, this study contributes to the discussion on the role of journalism in amplifying climate action contrarian discourse.
Revista Internacional de Relaciones Públicas, 2024
There is a countermovement in motion that has obstructed the adoption of climate policies all ove... more There is a countermovement in motion that has obstructed the adoption of climate policies all over the world. In Europe, although some organizations have been identified, we know little about their influence. This research aims to analyse the role of climate action contrarian think tanks in the policymaking of the European Parliament (EP). To this end, a twofold methodology is employed. Firstly, a survey of Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) was conducted in 2021, and this was followed by in-depth interviews with Accredited Parliamentary Assistants (APAs) related to climate issues. The results indicate almost no knowledge of these climate policy obstructionist think tanks among the surveyed MEPs and interviewed APAs. However, respondents believe that think tanks are generally used in policymaking. In fact, policymakers recognize the most prestigious European think tanks and often use them. Attributes such as visibility, good networking, quality content and transparency enable think tanks to have access to policymaking, although this would not seem to be the case for think tanks that oppose climate action in Europe. Results also describe policymakers' perceptions regarding the use of think tanks in general, which they see as useful tools in the elaboration of highly complex legislative dossiers in the EP. This article contributes to the line of research on the influence of interest groups.
Games and Culture, 2023
This article analyses LGBTIQA+ playing experiences of Animal Crossing New Horizons (ACNH). It fir... more This article analyses LGBTIQA+ playing experiences of Animal Crossing New Horizons (ACNH). It first surveys LGBTIQA+ players of ACNH, with questions regarding ways of playing, identity, community, and fanfiction practices. It also analyses LGBTIQA+ ACNH YouTube videos, divided into three main categories: design, gaming, and fanfiction. The first category, design, is analysed quantitatively. The second and third categories follow a qualitative analysis, grouping findings into seven sub-categories: 1) decorating, 2) celebrating Pride, 3) counter-gaming, 4) weddings, 5) coming out, 6) self-determination and encouraging discourses, and 7) community building. Explorative results show that, although out-game LGBTIQA+ experiences are necessary for queer self-realization, the in-game experiences of our sample help non-cis-straight identities and communities. They also demonstrate that diversity and intersectionality are fundamental in the ACNH queer community sampled, and that LGBTIQA+ players perform queer counter-gaming: transforming the game's tools and affordances to encourage self-expression.
Contextos Educativos, 2023
Los retos sociales y ambientales del siglo XXI motivan que la educación adopte nuevas perspectiva... more Los retos sociales y ambientales del siglo XXI motivan que la educación adopte nuevas perspectivas emancipadoras que promuevan una ciudadanía planetaria crítica y concienciada con estos problemas. En cambio, en la educación superior no abundan las perspectivas pedagógicas enfocadas a tal fin. Este artículo presenta un proyecto de innovación docente destinado a incluir la perspectiva interseccional y la sostenibilidad en una asignatura de Grado en Publicidad y Relaciones Públicas. Mediante la exposición del caso y la evaluación de este por parte del alumnado a través de una encuesta y de comentarios cualitativos, se expone aquí la pertinencia de incluir este tipo de perspectivas en la universidad. El alumnado muestra un gran interés por este tipo de contenidos, a menudo relegados durante todo su paso por la universidad. Incluir perspectivas estructurales, sensibles hacia la sostenibilidad y la justicia social son ahora más necesarias que nunca para dar sentido a retos como la crisis climática o la distribución desigual del poder y los recursos en la sociedad.
International Journal of Communication, 2023
In January 2022, we published the paper "A Stronghold of Climate Change Denialism in Germany: Cas... more In January 2022, we published the paper "A Stronghold of Climate Change Denialism in Germany: Case Study of the Output and Press Representation of the Think Tank EIKE." Europäisches Institut für Klima und Energie's (EIKE's) spokesperson has produced a rejoinder to our study, based on unfounded accusations through a misinterpretation of Gleick's toolbox on "Deceitful Tactics and Abuse of the Scientific Process." Here, we respond to those accusations by reviewing new evidence available on EIKE and provide further clarification of our conclusions based on the response received and the latest literature. We conclude that EIKE constitutes a clear example of an organization that masquerades as a think tank but whose work does not conform to the academic standards characteristic of such entities. Holding a key role in the German climate countermovement, its goal is not to promote scientific integrity, but rather to distort climate debates and obstruct climate action.
Drawing from network theory and previous findings from US-based analyses, we measure the structur... more Drawing from network theory and previous findings from US-based analyses, we measure the structure and interconnectedness of climate contrarian think tanks in Europe. This exploratory analysis can illustrate European organizations' capacity to promote or disrupt political discourse. To this end, we use social network analysis to conduct actor-focused research. We identify the individuals bridging European think tanks, as well as their ties with the US climate change contrarian network. Our analysis reveals a discernible network structure for European climate change contrarian think tanks, with a profile connected to neoliberal organizations, including a few, but highly relevant links, with the US countermovement. We also find that the European think tanks' institutional structure is very much shaped by a strong predominance of men, which aligns with previous research on masculinity and climate contrarianism.
Journalism and Media, 2022
We examine the press representation of monk parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus) and their population ... more We examine the press representation of monk parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus) and their population management in Madrid city. To do this, we analyze mentions of this species in six Spanish newspapers for the case of Madrid. We apply a mixed methodology composed of framing, text analysis, and sentiment analysis. This multi-method approach allows us to further examine the framing and word choice of the newspapers, concluding that the press representation of monk parakeets has been biased and non-ethically led. We discuss this outcome by proposing a media representation guided by non-speciesist ethical framings and avoiding the objectification of nonhuman animals.
Ámbitos. Revista Internacional de Comunicación, 2022
While we live in a crucial time when climate science urges us to take strong action to mitigate c... more While we live in a crucial time when climate science urges us to take strong action to mitigate climate change, there is a countermovement obstructing the adoption of climate policies. In Europe, there are far right parties that have aligned their positions with the climate countermovement. This research seeks to examine the climate change discourse of the Spanish far-right party Vox, as well as the press reception of the party's ideas on the subject. This paper analyses the amendment to the whole Law Project on Climate Change and Energetic Transition (121/00019) presented by Vox on June 17, 2020, at the Spanish Parliament. The study consists of an examination of the climate action contrarian framings following the typology of Almiron et al. (2020). This enquiry is followed by a critical discourse analysis of the coverage of this amendment in the Spanish press. This press analysis provides an insight into whether journalists received Vox's proposal critically and aligned themselves with the scientific consensus, whether they reported it in a neutral way, or whether they supported its ideas. The results include a replication of hackneyed climate change denialist arguments as disseminated by European and North American climate action contrarian stakeholders. This paper also identifies a critical reaction from the Spanish press to this Vox amendment, despite the existence of some texts that report neutrally on the proposal.
Ámbitos. Revista Internacional de Comunicación, 2022
[ENG] Climate change has been the subject of much research in various fields of the social scienc... more [ENG] Climate change has been the subject of much research in various fields of the social sciences in recent decades, including that of communication. As a result, much evidence has been accumulated on the complex reality behind political inaction in this regard. However, when it comes to communicating this reality, the media, and part of academia, have tended to simplify this complexity by focusing on the climate countermovement and literal denialism of the phenomenon. This countermovement has been extensively studied in the United States, revealing the existence of a highly influential anthropogenic climate change denialism in that country. However, academic research has also shown that political inaction on the climate cannot be explained by denialism alone; not in the United States, and much less in Europe. In this article, we question the current indiscriminate use of the concept of denialism and suggest the incorporation of a more sophisticated conceptual and analytical framework that provides more nuance and aligns with the evidence emerging from academic research. It is a matter not only of critically communicating the reality of political inaction with regard to the climate, but also of identifying the entire spectrum of responsibilities, which are not limited to simply denying or not denying climate change.
[ESP] El cambio climático ha sido objeto de estudio frecuente desde distintos ámbitos de las ciencias sociales en las últimas décadas, también desde la comunicación. Gracias a ello, se ha generado una cada vez más abundante evidencia de la realidad compleja que se esconde tras la inacción política al respecto. Sin embargo, a la hora de comunicar esta realidad, los medios de comunicación, y una parte de la academia, han tendido a simplificar esta complejidad poniendo el foco en el contramovimiento climático y el negacionismo literal del fenómeno. Este contramovimiento ha sido abundantemente estudiado en los Estados Unidos, lo que ha puesto en evidencia la existencia de un negacionismo del cambio climático antropogénico muy influyente en ese país. Pero la investigación académica ha hecho también evidente que la inacción política al respecto del clima no puede explicarse solo con el concepto de negacionismo; ni en los Estados Unidos, ni mucho menos en Europa. En este artículo problematizamos el uso del concepto negacionismo en su uso indiscriminado actual y sugerimos incorporar un marco conceptual y de análisis más sofisticado, que aporte más matices y se alinee con las evidencias de la investigación académica. Se trata no solo de comunicar de forma crítica la realidad de la inacción política con respecto al clima sino de hacerlo también identificando todo el espectro real de responsabilidades, que no se reducen a negar o no negar el cambio climático.
International Journal of Communication, 2022
Climate change denialist think tanks have played a major role in climate obstructionism in the Un... more Climate change denialist think tanks have played a major role in climate obstructionism in the United States, and we are beginning to learn that there are also certain European think tanks acting in line with their U.S. counterparts. In the case of Germany, although the most relevant climate think tanks are aligned with the scientific consensus, one denialist stronghold is represented by the Europäisches Institut für Klima und Energie (EIKE). This research examines the communication frames that have been used by the think tank to build up a discourse of climate denial and delay, among which the attack on climate science stands out. In addition, this article analyzes press mentions of EIKE, concluding that the think tank's ideas have been critically received by the press. The urgency to act to mitigate the climate crisis makes it necessary to identify obstructionist actors and discourses to counteract them in the media sphere.
Environmental Politics, 2021
Despite the evidence concerning the substantial greenhouse gases emissions resulting from animal-... more Despite the evidence concerning the substantial greenhouse gases emissions resulting from animal-based food production, climate policies and institutions around the world have barely made an issue of this link until very recently. To better understand this lack of attention, we focus on the discursive role of think tanks as prominent but under researched actors attempting to shape public policy. This contribution examines whether European think tanks have discussed animal-based diets regarding climate change policies and mitigation actions. We conduct a frame analysis study of 110 European think tanks, encoding all their available online output in English related to the link between global heating and animal-based food. We conclude that European think tanks have contributed to a manufacturing of ignorance regarding the impact our dietary choices have on the climate. Ideological reasons related to economic, anthropocentric and patriarchal worldviews explain this role. Free eprint: https://www.tandfonline.com/eprint/7PAMIHESZIZRUM9NWBKV/full?target=10.1080%2F09644016.2021.1933842&
Revista Mediterránea de Comunicación, Jan 7, 2021
[Note: The article is both available in English and Spanish in open access here or on the journal... more [Note: The article is both available in English and Spanish in open access here or on the journal's website]
[ENGLISH] On 2 December 2019, the 25th United Nations Climate Change Conference, chaired by Chile, began in Madrid. Among the main sponsors of this summit were companies from different sectors such as banking, insurance and energy. This research analyses the media coverage received by two of the main sponsors of COP25, the energy companies Endesa and Iberdrola, before, during and after the summit. The methodology, based on content analysis and framing, sought to search references to these two companies in six Spanish newspapers between November 2019 and January 2020. The results of this research show that the Spanish press did not critically examine the activity of these two energy companies, an approach that is only predominant in one of the six newspapers analysed. In addition, the presence of greenwashing elements in texts on COP25, where these companies appear, is noteworthy. This work offers an invitation to reflect on journalistic business models; the relationship between advertising, interest groups and freedom of information and the responsibility of the media in the context of the current climate emergency.
[ESPAÑOL] El 2 de diciembre de 2019 comenzó la 25ª Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático presidida por Chile en Madrid. Entre los principales patrocinadores de esta cumbre figuraban empresas de distintos sectores como la banca, los seguros y la energía. Esta investigación analiza el tratamiento periodístico que recibieron dos de las principales empresas patrocinadoras de la COP25, las energéticas Endesa e Iberdrola, antes, durante y después de la cumbre. La metodología utilizada se basa en el análisis del contenido y el framing, para buscar en seis periódicos españoles referencias a estas dos empresas entre noviembre de 2019 y enero de 2020. Los resultados de este trabajo indican que la prensa española no abordó de forma crítica la actividad de estas dos energéticas, un enfoque que solo predomina en uno de los seis diarios analizados. Además, destaca la presencia de encuadres de greenwashing en textos sobre la COP25 donde aparecen estas compañías. Este trabajo invita a la reflexión sobre los modelos de negocio periodístico; la relación entre publicidad, grupos de interés y libertad informativa, y la responsabilidad de los medios de comunicación en el contexto de la emergencia climática.
Estudios Sobre El Mensaje Periodístico, 2021
[ES] La agricultura animal es una actividad con un gran impacto medioambiental, incluida la emisi... more [ES] La agricultura animal es una actividad con un gran impacto medioambiental, incluida la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero a la atmósfera, y que implica un grave dilema ético por la explotación de decenas de miles de millones de animales no humanos. Los medios de comunicación son una pieza clave para impulsar la acción climática. Es responsabilidad de los medios informar sobre las causas de la crisis climática y cómo enfrentarla. Esta investigación analiza la representación que hace la prensa española entre 2013 y 2019 del impacto climático de la agricultura animal. Para ello se ha utilizado una metodología cuantitativa basada en la teoría del framing, con encuadres construidos a partir de investigaciones anteriores. Los resultados muestran que la prensa española ha infrarrepresentado el papel de la agricultura animal en el cambio climático, no otorgándole suficiente visibilidad, que buena parte de las soluciones que los periódicos aportan no se ajusta al contexto de emergencia climática y que estas presentan con más frecuencia rasgos carnistas que encuadres en defensa de los animales no humanos, todo lo cual supone un freno a la acción ético-climática.
[EN] The animal agriculture industry has extensive environmental impacts, releasing greenhouse gas emissions while also constituting a serious ethical dilemma due to the exploitation of billions of nonhuman animals. In this respect, media are a key piece for climatic action. It is a responsibility of media to report on the causes of the climate crisis and on its solutions. This research analyses the Spanish press coverage of the climatic impacts caused by the animal agriculture during the period of 2013-2019. To do so, a quantitative methodology based on framing theory has been applied, including frames developed through the examination of previous research. The results of this study show that the Spanish press has underrepresented the role that animal agriculture plays in climate change – not allocating enough attention to it –, that many of the proposed solutions do not correspond with the current context of climatic urgency, and that they present carnist traits more frequently than frames in defence of nonhuman animals. All this involves hindering future ethical and climatic action.
Ámbitos. Revista Internacional de Comunicación, 2020
This research reviews the ideologies present in the Nintendo’s videogame saga Animal Crossing and... more This research reviews the ideologies present in the Nintendo’s videogame saga Animal Crossing and aims to discover how fans interpret them. The process involves an exploration of the online fanart of the videogame and its classification into reproductive, neutral or critical fandom, depending on the revised operating ideologies. Following, a content analysis and brief semiotic analysis have been conducted to interpret the meanings that fans elaborated and wanted to share with the community. As a result, this research shows that the fandom of Animal Crossing reinterprets the ideologies of the game producing a critique of struggles present in society against sexism and consumerism. However, some fanart is aligned with the neoliberal and sexist ideas that emanate from the canonical text. Thus, analysing fandom’s production is a worth way to discover how audiences interact with videogames and how they expand its meanings beyond the game.
Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 2019
[ENG] Introduction. This paper analyses the Spanish media coverage of Cifuentes’ case. Methodolog... more [ENG] Introduction. This paper analyses the Spanish media coverage of Cifuentes’ case. Methodology. The sample included Eldiario.es, a newspaper that led the case by publishing the scoop, and El Confidencial, that adhered to the coverage and the progress of the research. El País and El Mundo were selected for the comparative analysis with the mainstream media, two newspapers of different political stance and national circulation. Results. As main findings, we stress the leadership of the native digital press in the coverage of the Cifuente’s case. The mainstream media reacted to the latest developments, by providing special coverage to the statements of the main political leaders. Conclusions. This research clearly denotes the change that is taking place in the 21st century journalism: the native digital media with a more agile business model, adapt more easily to the new demands of the public.
[ES] Introducción. Se analiza la cobertura del caso Cifuentes en la prensa española. Metodología. Se determinaron como muestra Eldiario.es, periódico que lideró el caso al dar a conocer la primera información y El Confidencial, que se sumó a la cobertura y al avance de la investigación. Para el análisis comparativo con la prensa de referencia, se eligieron El País y El Mundo, dos medios de distinto posicionamiento ideológico, con tirada nacional. Resultados. Como principales hallazgos destacamos el liderazgo de la prensa nativa digital en la cobertura del Caso Cifuentes. La prensa de referencia actuó reaccionando ante las novedades, cubriendo principalmente las declaraciones por parte de los principales protagonistas políticos. Conclusiones. Se denota con claridad el cambio que se está produciendo en el periodismo del siglo XXI: los medios nativos digitales con un modelo de negocio más ágil se adaptan con más facilidad a las nuevas exigencias del público.
Book chapters by Jose A. Moreno
Dykinson, 2025
En un contexto de abundancia informativa y de actores que compiten por introducir sus mensajes, e... more En un contexto de abundancia informativa y de actores que compiten por introducir sus mensajes, es difícil encontrar asuntos de explotación animal no abordados de forma puntual en una agenda mediática de por sí saturada. Por este motivo, es de interés el análisis comparativo de casos que marcaron la agenda mediática, que fueron recogidos por la prensa durante un tiempo suficiente como para que diversos actores se pronunciaran y que tuvieran consecuencias políticas. Debates como el del escándalo de Vivotecnia, el de la discusión sobre macrogranjas a raíz de una campaña del Ministerio de Consumo y el de la Ley de Bienestar Animal, sucedidos entre 2021 y 2023, son ejemplos de cómo la explotación de los animales, en ocasiones, emerge en la agenda periodística. Mediante el análisis de redes discursivas de la cobertura en prensa española de estos tres casos, este capítulo elabora una comparación de los tres debates surgidos a raíz de estos acontecimientos, de los actores que participaron en la discusión y de los argumentos empleados. Esta comparación y sus implicaciones teóricas sobre la incidencia en la agenda mediática pueden resultar de interés para los ámbitos de la comunicación activista y de los estudios críticos sobre animales y medios de comunicación.
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Papers by Jose A. Moreno
[ESP] El cambio climático ha sido objeto de estudio frecuente desde distintos ámbitos de las ciencias sociales en las últimas décadas, también desde la comunicación. Gracias a ello, se ha generado una cada vez más abundante evidencia de la realidad compleja que se esconde tras la inacción política al respecto. Sin embargo, a la hora de comunicar esta realidad, los medios de comunicación, y una parte de la academia, han tendido a simplificar esta complejidad poniendo el foco en el contramovimiento climático y el negacionismo literal del fenómeno. Este contramovimiento ha sido abundantemente estudiado en los Estados Unidos, lo que ha puesto en evidencia la existencia de un negacionismo del cambio climático antropogénico muy influyente en ese país. Pero la investigación académica ha hecho también evidente que la inacción política al respecto del clima no puede explicarse solo con el concepto de negacionismo; ni en los Estados Unidos, ni mucho menos en Europa. En este artículo problematizamos el uso del concepto negacionismo en su uso indiscriminado actual y sugerimos incorporar un marco conceptual y de análisis más sofisticado, que aporte más matices y se alinee con las evidencias de la investigación académica. Se trata no solo de comunicar de forma crítica la realidad de la inacción política con respecto al clima sino de hacerlo también identificando todo el espectro real de responsabilidades, que no se reducen a negar o no negar el cambio climático.
[ENGLISH] On 2 December 2019, the 25th United Nations Climate Change Conference, chaired by Chile, began in Madrid. Among the main sponsors of this summit were companies from different sectors such as banking, insurance and energy. This research analyses the media coverage received by two of the main sponsors of COP25, the energy companies Endesa and Iberdrola, before, during and after the summit. The methodology, based on content analysis and framing, sought to search references to these two companies in six Spanish newspapers between November 2019 and January 2020. The results of this research show that the Spanish press did not critically examine the activity of these two energy companies, an approach that is only predominant in one of the six newspapers analysed. In addition, the presence of greenwashing elements in texts on COP25, where these companies appear, is noteworthy. This work offers an invitation to reflect on journalistic business models; the relationship between advertising, interest groups and freedom of information and the responsibility of the media in the context of the current climate emergency.
[ESPAÑOL] El 2 de diciembre de 2019 comenzó la 25ª Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático presidida por Chile en Madrid. Entre los principales patrocinadores de esta cumbre figuraban empresas de distintos sectores como la banca, los seguros y la energía. Esta investigación analiza el tratamiento periodístico que recibieron dos de las principales empresas patrocinadoras de la COP25, las energéticas Endesa e Iberdrola, antes, durante y después de la cumbre. La metodología utilizada se basa en el análisis del contenido y el framing, para buscar en seis periódicos españoles referencias a estas dos empresas entre noviembre de 2019 y enero de 2020. Los resultados de este trabajo indican que la prensa española no abordó de forma crítica la actividad de estas dos energéticas, un enfoque que solo predomina en uno de los seis diarios analizados. Además, destaca la presencia de encuadres de greenwashing en textos sobre la COP25 donde aparecen estas compañías. Este trabajo invita a la reflexión sobre los modelos de negocio periodístico; la relación entre publicidad, grupos de interés y libertad informativa, y la responsabilidad de los medios de comunicación en el contexto de la emergencia climática.
[EN] The animal agriculture industry has extensive environmental impacts, releasing greenhouse gas emissions while also constituting a serious ethical dilemma due to the exploitation of billions of nonhuman animals. In this respect, media are a key piece for climatic action. It is a responsibility of media to report on the causes of the climate crisis and on its solutions. This research analyses the Spanish press coverage of the climatic impacts caused by the animal agriculture during the period of 2013-2019. To do so, a quantitative methodology based on framing theory has been applied, including frames developed through the examination of previous research. The results of this study show that the Spanish press has underrepresented the role that animal agriculture plays in climate change – not allocating enough attention to it –, that many of the proposed solutions do not correspond with the current context of climatic urgency, and that they present carnist traits more frequently than frames in defence of nonhuman animals. All this involves hindering future ethical and climatic action.
[ES] Introducción. Se analiza la cobertura del caso Cifuentes en la prensa española. Metodología. Se determinaron como muestra Eldiario.es, periódico que lideró el caso al dar a conocer la primera información y El Confidencial, que se sumó a la cobertura y al avance de la investigación. Para el análisis comparativo con la prensa de referencia, se eligieron El País y El Mundo, dos medios de distinto posicionamiento ideológico, con tirada nacional. Resultados. Como principales hallazgos destacamos el liderazgo de la prensa nativa digital en la cobertura del Caso Cifuentes. La prensa de referencia actuó reaccionando ante las novedades, cubriendo principalmente las declaraciones por parte de los principales protagonistas políticos. Conclusiones. Se denota con claridad el cambio que se está produciendo en el periodismo del siglo XXI: los medios nativos digitales con un modelo de negocio más ágil se adaptan con más facilidad a las nuevas exigencias del público.
Book chapters by Jose A. Moreno