Materials Research Express - IOPscience

Materials Research Express - IOPscience
Materials Research Express
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The following article is
Open access
Quantum dots: an overview of synthesis, properties, and applications
Kushagra Agarwal
et al
2023
Mater. Res. Express
10
062001
View article
, Quantum dots: an overview of synthesis, properties, and applications
PDF
, Quantum dots: an overview of synthesis, properties, and applications
Quantum dots (QDs) have sparked great interest due to their unique electronic, optical, and structural properties. In this review, we provide a critical analysis of the latest advances in the synthesis, properties, and applications of QDs. We discuss synthesis techniques, including colloidal and hydrothermal synthesis, and highlight how the underlying principles of these techniques affect the resulting properties of QDs. We then delve into the wide range of applications of QDs, from QDs based color conversion, light-emitting diodes and biomedicine to quantum-based cryptography and spintronics. Finally, we identify the current challenges and future prospects for quantum dot research. By reading this review, readers will gain a deeper understanding of the current state-of-the-art in QDs research and the potential for future development.
The following article is
Open access
Freeze–thaw hydrogel fabrication method: basic principles, synthesis parameters, properties, and biomedical applications
William Xaveriano Waresindo
et al
2023
Mater. Res. Express
10
024003
View article
, Freeze–thaw hydrogel fabrication method: basic principles, synthesis parameters, properties, and biomedical applications
PDF
, Freeze–thaw hydrogel fabrication method: basic principles, synthesis parameters, properties, and biomedical applications
Hydrogel is being broadly studied due to their tremendous properties, such as swelling behavior and biocompatibility. Numerous review articles have discussed hydrogel polymer types, hydrogel synthesis methods, hydrogel properties, and hydrogel applications. Hydrogel can be synthesized by physical and chemical cross-linking methods. One type of the physical cross-linking method is freeze-thaw (F–T), which works based on the crystallization process of the precursor solution to form a physical cross-link. To date, there has been no review paper which discusses the F–T technique specifically and comprehensively. Most of the previous review articles that exposed the hydrogel synthesis method usually mentioned the F–T process as a small part of the physical cross-linking method. This review attempts to discuss the F–T hydrogel specifically and comprehensively. In more detail, this review covers the basic principles of hydrogel formation in an F–T way, the parameters that influence hydrogel formation, the properties of the hydrogel, and its application in the biomedical field.
The following article is
Open access
Mechanical properties of whole-body human bones: a review
Shivam Verma
et al
2026
Mater. Res. Express
13
042002
View article
, Mechanical properties of whole-body human bones: a review
PDF
, Mechanical properties of whole-body human bones: a review
The mechanical properties of hard tissues, particularly bones, are fundamental to understanding human biomechanics, injury mechanisms, and the development of effective mitigation strategies. These properties are critical for accurate computational modelling, structural analysis under physiological loading, and the design and testing of orthopedic implants, prosthetics, and protective devices. While previous experimental studies have investigated the mechanical properties of selected bones, primarily large load-bearing bones such as the femur and tibia, there remains a significant gap in the comprehensive characterization of the entire human skeletal system. This limitation hampers advancements in areas such as surgical planning, forensic biomechanics, implant development, and trauma assessment. The purpose of this work is to address these challenges by presenting an extensive review of the literature that reports the mechanical properties of all human bones from head to toe. Specifically, this review compiles available data on linear mechanical properties such as Young’s modulus, ultimate strength, and fracture toughness for individual bones and introduces nonlinear constitutive models used to simulate bone behaviour under complex loading conditions. Furthermore, the review identifies key gaps in the existing literature, providing direction for future biomechanical research aimed at enhancing the fidelity of medical models and improving injury prediction, prevention, and treatment strategies.
The following article is
Open access
A review on additive manufacturing for aerospace application
Radhika C
et al
2024
Mater. Res. Express
11
022001
View article
, A review on additive manufacturing for aerospace application
PDF
, A review on additive manufacturing for aerospace application
Additive manufacturing, a cutting-edge technology often colloquially known as 3D printing, is a transformative process used to meticulously fabricate complex components by adding material layer upon layer. This revolutionary manufacturing method allows for precise control and customization, making it a go-to choice in various industries, from aerospace to healthcare. The adroitness of additive manufacturing in creating a complex geometry as a whole is very much harnessed by the aerospace Industry. Generating a component using additive manufacturing involves optimal design, methods, and processes. This review gives a broad knowledge in developing a part or product by choosing the appropriate design, method, and processes. The end-to-end flow process (from scratch to finished model) for developing a component by additive manufacturing is described with a detailed flow diagram. The flow process proposed in this review will act as a primary source for manufacturing any component as per the industry standards. Also, the role of additive manufacturing in the aerospace industry is the need of the hour and greatly in demand of innovative ideas. But as an infant technology, AM for aerospace has its fair share of issues The paper discusses issues and challenges of AM for aerospace applications to enable the widespread adoption of additively manufactured components in the aerospace industry.
The following article is
Open access
Degradation mechanisms and modification strategies of nickel-rich NCM cathode in lithium-ion batteries
Dongyang Li
et al
2024
Mater. Res. Express
11
012006
View article
, Degradation mechanisms and modification strategies of nickel-rich NCM cathode in lithium-ion batteries
PDF
, Degradation mechanisms and modification strategies of nickel-rich NCM cathode in lithium-ion batteries
Ni-rich Lithium Nickel Cobalt Manganese Oxide (NCM) cathode materials have garnered attention for their high specific capacity, but they grapple with issues of cycling stability, thermal performance, and safety. This concise yet comprehensive review embarks on an exploration, commencing with an examination of fundamental characteristics, including crystallographic structures and electrochemical properties. It delves into the intricate failure mechanisms contributing to capacity degradation and thermal instability. The review places emphasis on major material-focused modification techniques, encompassing surface coatings and multifunctional additives, all scrutinized for their potential to enhance both performance and safety. Furthermore, it spotlights pivotal research domains, notably novel synthesis methods, positioned to reshape the landscape of Ni-rich NCM technology. The review also emphasizes future development directions, aiming for simplified and cost-effective methodologies to tackle the complexities of nickel-rich cathodes. Ultimately, this review offers a forward-looking analysis, envisioning a future marked by safer, higher-capacity lithium-ion batteries, underscoring an enduring commitment to scientific and technological progress.
The following article is
Open access
Recent progress on the mechanical exfoliation of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides
Yangang Li
et al
2022
Mater. Res. Express
122001
View article
, Recent progress on the mechanical exfoliation of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides
PDF
, Recent progress on the mechanical exfoliation of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides
Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted extensive attraction due to their unique properties in novel physical phenomena, such as superconductors, Moiré superlattices, ferromagnetics, Weyl semimetals, which all require the high quality of 2D TMDs. Mechanical exfoliation (ME) as a top-down strategy shows great potential to obtain 2D TMDs with high quality and large scale. This paper reviews the theoretical and experimental details of this method. Subsequently, diverse modified ME methods are introduced. Significantly, the recent progress of the Au-assisted ME method is the highlight. Finally, this review will have an insight into their advantages and limitations, and point out a rational direction for the exfoliation of TMDs with high quality and large size.
The following article is
Open access
Effects of porosity on the mechanical properties of additively manufactured components: a critical review
Ahmad Y Al-Maharma
et al
2020
Mater. Res. Express
122001
View article
, Effects of porosity on the mechanical properties of additively manufactured components: a critical review
PDF
, Effects of porosity on the mechanical properties of additively manufactured components: a critical review
In the present review, the effect of porosity on the mechanical properties of the fabricated parts, which are additively manufactured by powder bed fusion and filament extrusion-based technologies, are discussed in detail. Usually, additive manufacturing (AM) processes based on these techniques produce the components with a significant amount of pores. The porosity in these parts typically takes two forms: pores with irregular shapes (called keyholes) and uniform (spherical) pores. These pores are present at different locations, such as surface, sub-surface, interior bulk material, between the deposited layers and at filler/matrix interface, which critically affect the corrosion resistance, fatigue strength, stiffness, mechanical strength, and fracture toughness properties, respectively. Therefore, it is essential to study and understand the influence of pores on the mechanical properties of AM fabricated parts. The technologies of AM can be employed in the manufacturing of components with the desired porous structure through the topology optimization process of scaffolds and lattices to improve their toughness under a specific load. The undesirable effect of pores can be eliminated by using defects-free raw materials, optimizing the processing parameters, and implementing suitable post-processing treatment. The current review grants a more comprehensive understanding of the effect of porous defects on mechanical performance and provides a mechanistic basis for reliable applications of additively manufactured components.
The following article is
Open access
Scalable synthesis strategies for MOS
: a systematic review for high-performance supercapacitor applications
Sriraksha Rao
et al
2026
Mater. Res. Express
13
062002
View article
, Scalable synthesis strategies for MOS2: a systematic review for high-performance supercapacitor applications
PDF
, Scalable synthesis strategies for MOS2: a systematic review for high-performance supercapacitor applications
To meet the escalating demands for efficient energy storage, researchers are turning their attention to the cutting-edge electrode materials, and molybdenum disulfide, or MoS
, is fast emerging as a top contender for Supercapacitor application. SCs are renowned for their rapid charge-discharge properties and high-power density, and as such their performance is heavily dependent on the electrochemical properties of their electrodes. The highly ordered, 2D structure and redox favorable properties of the transition metal dichalcogenides, and specifically MoS
, made them stand out from other materials. Nonetheless, there was no easy method of manufacturing high-quality MoS
, that could reliably scale up production, and yet be economical. Exfoliation, hydrothermal synthesis, chemical vapour deposition, microwave-assisted synthesis, and electrochemical methods were the several methods investigated. Hydrothermal synthesis turned out to be the winner, mainly because it is straightforward, inexpensive, and allows for MoS
to be produced with the desired electrochemical properties. In this review, the authors go in-depth into how the synthesis methods influence the physical make-up and how well MoS
works in Supercapacitors, underlining its potential for the future of energy storage.
The following article is
Open access
Oxidation behavior of 316L austenitic stainless steel in high temperature air with long-term exposure
Xi Huang
et al
2020
Mater. Res. Express
066517
View article
, Oxidation behavior of 316L austenitic stainless steel in high temperature air with long-term exposure
PDF
, Oxidation behavior of 316L austenitic stainless steel in high temperature air with long-term exposure
The oxidation behavior of 316L stainless steel exposed at 400, 600 and 800 °C air for 100, 500 and 1000 h was investigated using different characterization techniques. Weight gain obeys a parabolic law, but the degree of deviation of n index is increasingly larger with the increase of temperature. A double oxide film, including Cr
and Fe
oxide particles in outer and FeCr
oxides in inner, is observed at 400 °C. As regards to samples at 600 °C, a critical exposure period around 100 h exists in the oxidation process, at which a compact oxide film decorated with oxide particles transforms to a loose oxide layer with a pore-structure. In addition, an oxide film containing Fe-rich outer oxide layer and Cr-rich inner oxide layer is observed at 600 °C for 500 and 1000 h. Spallation of oxide scale is observed for all samples at 800 °C regardless of exposure periods, resulting in different oxidation morphologies, and the degree of spallation behavior is getting worse. A double oxide film with the same chemical composition as 600 °C is observed, and the thickness increases over exposure periods.
The following article is
Open access
PVD magnetron sputtering for coating thickness reference materials: a comprehensive review (1974–2025)
A Domínguez-García
et al
2026
Mater. Res. Express
13
042003
View article
, PVD magnetron sputtering for coating thickness reference materials: a comprehensive review (1974–2025)
PDF
, PVD magnetron sputtering for coating thickness reference materials: a comprehensive review (1974–2025)
This review summarizes the evolution of magnetron sputter physical vapor deposition (PVD-MS) for manufacturing thin-coating Reference Materials (RMs) over the past 5 decades. It discusses progress from fundamental models like Thornton’s Zone Diagram to modern innovations such as HiPIMS and the integration of artificial intelligence (AI). It assesses improvements in homogeneity and stability and compares PVD-MS with other methods (CVD, ALD, and ECD). It highlights its balance between precision, versatility, and scalability. It also discusses current challenges, such as defect control and the need to include surface roughness in uncertainty calculations. The article concludes that PVD-MS, especially with the support of AI, is an indispensable technology for future certified thickness standards.
The following article is
Open access
High-dosage dosimetric performance of ZnO:Cu phosphors
G A Mendívil-Islas
et al
2026
Mater. Res. Express
13
086201
View article
, High-dosage dosimetric performance of ZnO:Cu phosphors
PDF
, High-dosage dosimetric performance of ZnO:Cu phosphors
This work reports on the thermoluminescence (TL) properties of Cu-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Cu) for high-dose radiation dosimetry. ZnO:Cu was synthesized through a controlled chemical precipitation process, followed by milling and thermal annealing. The formation of the zincite crystal structure was verified by x-ray diffraction, while energy dispersive spectroscopy and photoluminescence emission spectra confirmed the successful Cu doping. Scanning electron microscopy revealed semi-spherical particles in both doped and undoped samples. Pellet-shaped ZnO:Cu samples exposed to 64.0 Gy of beta particle irradiation exhibit a TL emission maximum at 119 °C. Under higher irradiation doses (64.0–4096.0 Gy), the TL glow curve of ZnO:Cu exhibited significant emissions at temperatures above 200 °C while maintaining a linear dose-response, properties highly desirable for dosimetry. An initialization thermal treatment enhanced the material’s reusability, and a low fading of the TL emission was observed in the temperature range of interest for dosimetry. The observed TL characteristics of the synthesized ZnO:Cu phosphor demonstrate its potential as a reliable material for high-dose radiation dosimetry.
The following article is
Open access
Mechanical properties and fatigue damage–failure mechanisms of T300/EM119 composite laminates
Ming Liu
et al
2026
Mater. Res. Express
13
085302
View article
, Mechanical properties and fatigue damage–failure mechanisms of T300/EM119 composite laminates
PDF
, Mechanical properties and fatigue damage–failure mechanisms of T300/EM119 composite laminates
To investigate the mechanical behaviour of T300/EM119 composite laminates, [±45°] and [0°/90°] layups were subjected to quasi-static tensile and tension–tension fatigue testing, and a residual-strength model was constructed from the measured data. Fatigue fracture morphologies were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, and a finite-element model was employed to simulate fatigue life and the progression of failure. The results indicate that the average ultimate strength of the [0°/90°] laminate was 599.2 MPa, which was substantially greater than the 219.6 MPa measured for the [±45°] laminate (an increase of approximately 173%). Fatigue failure was shown to result from a combination of fibre fracture, matrix cracking, interface debonding and delamination. Delamination damage and fibre breakage were found to be particularly pronounced in the [±45°] layup, which was attributed to the higher shear stresses sustained by that configuration. Predictions of fatigue life and dominant failure modes obtained from the finite-element simulations were in good agreement with experimental observations.
The following article is
Open access
Rapid synthesis and performance analysis of La
0.8
Sr
0.2
MnO
cathodes and La
0.85
Sr
0.15
Ga
0.85
Mg
0.15
electrolytes for IT-SOFCs
Ramón Cobo Rendón
et al
2026
Mater. Res. Express
13
085502
View article
, Rapid synthesis and performance analysis of La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 cathodes and La0.85Sr0.15Ga0.85Mg0.15O3 electrolytes for IT-SOFCs
PDF
, Rapid synthesis and performance analysis of La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 cathodes and La0.85Sr0.15Ga0.85Mg0.15O3 electrolytes for IT-SOFCs
La–Sr–Mn–O (LSM) and La–Sr–Ga–Mg–O (LSGM) perovskite-like oxide ceramics have been extensively studied owing to their attractive electrochemical properties and thermal stability, making them promising materials for intermediate-temperature (IT) solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). In this work, we report a cost-effective and scalable synthesis methodology for LSM (cathode) and LSGM (electrolyte) powders using an original fast solution combustion (FSC)-based procedure, followed by a comprehensive evaluation of their electrochemical behavior in symmetric LSM/LSGM/LSM cells by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in the 600 °C–800 °C range. EIS results revealed a substantial decrease in the cathodic polarization resistance (
) with increasing temperature, reaching ∼2.6 Ω·cm
at 800 °C. Arrhenius analysis yielded an activation energy of approximately 1.15 eV for the oxygen-reduction reaction, which is consistent with the typical range reported for LSM-based cathodes. Impedance analysis indicated that the electrochemical response is mainly limited by surface oxygen exchange processes on LSM, whereas interfacial resistance at the LSM/LSGM contact may also contribute to the overall polarization losses. Overall, the proposed synthesis route enabled the preparation of structurally appropriate LSM and LSGM materials with properties suitable for IT-SOFC operation. These results provide relevant insights into the interplay between synthesis, microstructure, transport properties, and interfacial phenomena in LSM/LSGM systems, supporting the future development of optimized IT-SOFC components based on these compounds.
The following article is
Open access
Is utilization of mushroom derived chitin and chitosan a viable path towards a circular bioeconomy?
Zorka Z Vasiljevic
et al
2026
Mater. Res. Express
13
085303
View article
, Is utilization of mushroom derived chitin and chitosan a viable path towards a circular bioeconomy?
PDF
, Is utilization of mushroom derived chitin and chitosan a viable path towards a circular bioeconomy?
In keeping with the transition to a circular bio-economy, chitin as the second most abundant biopolymer and its soluble derivative chitosan are increasingly used to create diverse multifunctional materials. In this work the feasibility of chitin and chitosan derived from mushroom sources as a sustainable, renewable, non-animal, less polluting and energy demanding alternative to crustacean or insect chitin was investigated. A systematic analysis of the structure, morphology, thermal properties of chitin and chitosan derived from:
Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus eryngii, Boletus edulis, Chantarellus cibarius
and
Cyclocybe aegerita
using short alkali and mild acetic acid treatment is presented. The classification artificial neural network concept was applied to measured far infrared reflection spectra of mushroom powder, mushroom derived chitin and chitosan enabling identification of the chitin and chitosan origin. Depending on the fungal species and source (whole, stipes, fresh or dry) chitin and chitosan yields were 8.66%–15.66% and 5.8%–50.4%, while crystallinity degrees were 30.45–58.20 and 34.18%–65.32%, respectively. The chitin N-acetylation degree was 62.95%–95.84%, while the chitosan de-acetylation degree was 85.89%–96.14%. Noticeable β-glucan presence was detected in
C. aegerita, P. eryngii
and
P. ostreatus
chitin samples emphasizing the specific advantage of mushroom derived chitin for applications requiring improved flexibility and toughness. Though the antioxidant potential of 6.6–30.2 mg TE g
−1
of derived chitosans was relatively low, strong antimicrobial potential of chitosan was noted against
B. cereus
and
L. monocytogenes
. The obtained results show that mushroom derived chitin and chitosan have a wide application potential and represent a viable path towards achieving a circular bio-economy.
The following article is
Open access
Experimental and numerical analysis on the utilization of combined chemical and soil binder in sandy soil stabilization for mechanical and microstructural enhancement
Md Zarif Hossain
et al
2026
Mater. Res. Express
13
085503
View article
, Experimental and numerical analysis on the utilization of combined chemical and soil binder in sandy soil stabilization for mechanical and microstructural enhancement
PDF
, Experimental and numerical analysis on the utilization of combined chemical and soil binder in sandy soil stabilization for mechanical and microstructural enhancement
Sandy soils are widely distributed worldwide but are often constrained in geotechnical applications due to their high permeability, low cohesion, and poor load-bearing capacity. This study evaluates the combined stabilization effect of a chemical additive (TX-95) and a soil binder (SB-95) on improving the mechanical and microstructural performance of sandy soils. Laboratory investigations, including unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and California bearing ratio (CBR) tests, were conducted with varying SB-95 contents under a constant TX-95 dosage and multiple curing periods. The results demonstrated substantial enhancement in strength, with UCS values increasing up to 893 kPa and CBR values rising from 21% to 278%. Through iterative testing, an optimal mixing and curing method was identified that maximized homogeneity and strength gain while minimizing material waste. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the optimized process produced dense interparticle bonding through binder films and silane-based bridges, leading to a compact and cohesive soil matrix. Finite element analysis (PLAXIS 3D) further validated the experimental outcomes, showing improved stress distribution and deformation resistance of the treated subgrade. The findings confirm that the combined use of TX-95 and SB-95, coupled with the optimized preparation technique, offers an efficient stabilization strategy for sandy soils, making them suitable for durable road subgrades, embankments, and structural foundations.
The following article is
Open access
Short review on tuning the electronic properties of zinc gallate: towards its evolution as a transparent conducting oxide
Indu Treesa Jochan and E I Anila 2026
Mater. Res. Express
13
072002
View article
, Short review on tuning the electronic properties of zinc gallate: towards its evolution as a transparent conducting oxide
PDF
, Short review on tuning the electronic properties of zinc gallate: towards its evolution as a transparent conducting oxide
TCOs are vital in optoelectronic and photonic technologies as they combine high optical transparency with electrical conductivity. The performance of a TCO is primarily governed by factors such as conductivity, carrier concentration, mobility, bandgap, and mechanical stability. This review provides a focused overview of zinc gallate, a ternary spinel oxide that has recently attracted interest as an emerging TCO. We first outline the fundamental principles of TCOs and the parameters that define transparent electrode performance. The structural, electronic, and bonding characteristics of ZnGa
are then examined, along with its optical and mechanical properties. These properties are strongly influenced by its wide bandgap and complex defect chemistry, which play a central role in governing its transport behaviour. ZnGa
is highlighted as a promising but underexplored material, and strategies to improve its conductivity and transparency are reviewed, including defect engineering, controlled cationic and anionic doping, stoichiometric optimisation, and heterostructure design.
The following article is
Open access
Hydrotalcite-derived layered metal oxide/sulfide cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries: progress and perspectives
Xiaofei Zhang and Tuo Wei 2026
Mater. Res. Express
13
072001
View article
, Hydrotalcite-derived layered metal oxide/sulfide cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries: progress and perspectives
PDF
, Hydrotalcite-derived layered metal oxide/sulfide cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries: progress and perspectives
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) represent a compelling alternative to lithium-ion battery technology for large-scale energy storage, primarily owing to the natural abundance and low cost of sodium. The cathode material is a critical determinant of the overall electrochemical performance, cost, and safety of SIBs. Among various candidates, layered transition metal oxides and sulfides are particularly promising due to their high theoretical capacities. However, they often suffer from issues like structural instability, sluggish kinetics, and complex phase transitions during sodiation/desodiation. A promising yet underexplored strategy to address these challenges is the use of hydrotalcite-like compounds, also known as layered double hydroxides (LDHs), as precursors. This review critically examines the state-of-the-art and future potential of employing LDH precursors for the synthesis of advanced layered metal oxide and sulfide cathodes for SIBs. We first introduce the unique structural advantages of the LDH precursor route, which enables atomic-level mixing of metal cations, leading to exceptional compositional homogeneity and the formation of porous nanostructures upon thermal treatment. Subsequently, we delve into the progress and prospects of LDH-derived layered metal oxides, discussing how this synthetic approach can potentially mitigate detrimental phase transitions and enhance structural stability compared to materials prepared via conventional methods. We then extend the discussion to LDH-derived layered metal sulfides, a nascent but promising class of materials, exploring how the precursor methodology can be leveraged to engineer unique nanostructures with enhanced conductivity and cycling stability. Finally, this review outlines the pressing challenges, including precise stoichiometric control and air sensitivity, and proposes future research directions, such as the application of advanced
in situ
characterization and computational modeling, to accelerate the development of this promising class of cathode materials. This work aims to provide a comprehensive roadmap and inspire further research into the rational design of high-performance SIB cathodes via the versatile hydrotalcite precursor platform.
The following article is
Open access
Scalable synthesis strategies for MOS
: a systematic review for high-performance supercapacitor applications
Sriraksha Rao
et al
2026
Mater. Res. Express
13
062002
View article
, Scalable synthesis strategies for MOS2: a systematic review for high-performance supercapacitor applications
PDF
, Scalable synthesis strategies for MOS2: a systematic review for high-performance supercapacitor applications
To meet the escalating demands for efficient energy storage, researchers are turning their attention to the cutting-edge electrode materials, and molybdenum disulfide, or MoS
, is fast emerging as a top contender for Supercapacitor application. SCs are renowned for their rapid charge-discharge properties and high-power density, and as such their performance is heavily dependent on the electrochemical properties of their electrodes. The highly ordered, 2D structure and redox favorable properties of the transition metal dichalcogenides, and specifically MoS
, made them stand out from other materials. Nonetheless, there was no easy method of manufacturing high-quality MoS
, that could reliably scale up production, and yet be economical. Exfoliation, hydrothermal synthesis, chemical vapour deposition, microwave-assisted synthesis, and electrochemical methods were the several methods investigated. Hydrothermal synthesis turned out to be the winner, mainly because it is straightforward, inexpensive, and allows for MoS
to be produced with the desired electrochemical properties. In this review, the authors go in-depth into how the synthesis methods influence the physical make-up and how well MoS
works in Supercapacitors, underlining its potential for the future of energy storage.
The following article is
Open access
A comprehensive bibliometric exploration of computational research on zeolitic-imidazolate frameworks over two decades
Krsna Anand
et al
2026
Mater. Res. Express
13
062001
View article
, A comprehensive bibliometric exploration of computational research on zeolitic-imidazolate frameworks over two decades
PDF
, A comprehensive bibliometric exploration of computational research on zeolitic-imidazolate frameworks over two decades
The computational exploration of zeolitic-imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) represents a paradigm shift in materials science, offering profound insights into the design and application of these versatile materials. This study undertakes a bibliometric analysis of 1529 articles from Scopus over the past 20 years to examine the growth and collaboration patterns of ZIFs and computational studies. To elucidate the evolutionary trajectory of ZIF research, this study employed methods such as descriptive statistics, co-authorship analysis, and keyword co-occurrence analysis, alongside calculations of citation metrics and bibliometric visualization using VOSviewer. This study highlights a significant expansion in the field, as evidenced by the increase from 0 publications in 2005 to 319 in 2024, indicating a rapid phase of development. China was the most prolific contributor, with 832 articles, led by the Beijing University of Chemical Technology and highlighted by Jiang J from the National University of Singapore. Highly cited studies span gas adsorption and separation, catalysis, and structural simulations, reflecting the interdisciplinary impact of ZIFs. In addition to mapping the evolution of the field, this review addresses current methodological challenges, including inconsistencies in force fields and limitations in the modeling flexibility. This review outlines opportunities for future progress, including machine learning-assisted simulations, multiscale modeling, and the development of standardized computational protocols. By consolidating bibliometric evidence and scientific insights, this review provides a comprehensive overview of computational ZIF research. This highlights the directions that will shape the next generation of ZIF-based materials.
The following article is
Open access
Research progress on microbial remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil
Shihao Chen
et al
2026
Mater. Res. Express
13
052002
View article
, Research progress on microbial remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil
PDF
, Research progress on microbial remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil
Heavy metal pollution of soil is a widespread global issue characterized by both latent toxicity and persistent environmental impacts. The accumulated concentrations of heavy metals in these soils over decades of rapid social development have posed serious threats to both natural ecosystems and human health. Therefore, addressing heavy metal pollution of soil has become an urgent priority. In research, the primary sources and hazards of heavy metal pollution of soil were analyzed as well as the advantages and limitations of several traditional remediation techniques, with particular emphasis on microbial remediation technology. In addition, the remediation mechanisms, the synergistic remediation technologies, and potential future development directions for microbial remediation were also reviewed. However, large-scale practical implementation of microbial remediation remains a major challenge, with numerous technical hurdles yet to be overcome. This comprehensive review outlined the remediation mechanisms, synergistic approaches, and future trends in microbial remediation. Notably, the development of microbial synergistic remediation technology has emerged as a research hotspot in heavy metal contaminated soil remediation, offering valuable insights for advancing this critical field.
The following article is
Open access
Utilizing Pyrolysis Product from Off-grade Rubber Waste for Different Bio-oil Applications and Cold Mix Asphalt Productions
Mohd Ghazali et al
View accepted manuscript
, Utilizing Pyrolysis Product from Off-grade Rubber Waste for Different Bio-oil Applications and Cold Mix Asphalt Productions
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, Utilizing Pyrolysis Product from Off-grade Rubber Waste for Different Bio-oil Applications and Cold Mix Asphalt Productions
The growing demand for crude oil has led to resource depletion and rising petroleum costs, which warn the need for sustainable alternatives in asphalt technology. This study examines bio-oil produced through the pyrolysis of off-grade rubber (OGRBO), a by-product of natural rubber processing. Its potential applications as a bonding enhancer, a partial replacement component in bio-asphalt, and a bio-solvent for cutback binders and cold mix asphalt (CMA) production were evaluated. Various OGRBO dosages were utilized to determine their influence on physical, rheological, chemical and mechanical properties. Binder tests included penetration, softening point, ductility, viscosity, dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), and activation energy, along with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) tests. The CMA evaluation involved workability, Marshall Stability and Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS). Results showed that low OGRBO contents (2-4%) reduced binder’s viscosity, as well as enhanced workability and bonding without compromising CMA performance. The FTIR and GC-MS confirmed aliphatic, aromatic, and polar groups, with new compounds (e.g., limonene, spiro derivatives, cyclobutene) formed at above 6%. The OGRBO contents of more than 4%, lowered the viscosity and activation energy, yet has reduced the CMA performance when adopted as a bonding enhancer. Meanwhile, ITS and Marshall stability results highlighted the CMA performance degradation beyond 30% of OGRBO as solvent in cutback bio-binder (CBB). Application of 30% as the bio-solvent substitution in cutback asphalt produced greener CMA with satisfactory performance. Overall, OGRBO demonstrates strong potential as a sustainable alternative in bio-bituminous materials applications.
The following article is
Open access
Hybrid synthesis (Biosynthesis-Hydrothermal) of Yttrium hydroxide doped with Eu3+
Azcarate et al
View accepted manuscript
, Hybrid synthesis (Biosynthesis-Hydrothermal) of Yttrium hydroxide doped with Eu3+
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, Hybrid synthesis (Biosynthesis-Hydrothermal) of Yttrium hydroxide doped with Eu3+
Structural and photoluminescence properties of undoped and Eu3+ doped yttrium hydroxide (Y(OH)3:Eu3+) particles synthesized via a hydrothermal method and a novel hybrid method are reported. A Camellia sinensis extract was used to develop the hybrid method. Two precursors - yttrium nitrate and yttrium acetate- were employed. Yttrium hydroxide obtained through the hybrid method was more crystalline and purer, even at a shorter reaction time (4h), compared to the hydrothermal method. An X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis was carried out to study the chemical environment and possible interactions of Eu3+ with Camellia sinensis biomolecules. Band gap energies were obtained using the GapExtractor© software. Finally, Y(OH)3:Eu3+ exhibited strong red photoluminescence, observed using a specialized technique with Raman.
The following article is
Open access
Uncertainty Quantification of Hyperelastic Models for Polystyrene and Polypropylene Foams via Conformal Prediction
Rodríguez-Sánchez et al
View accepted manuscript
, Uncertainty Quantification of Hyperelastic Models for Polystyrene and Polypropylene Foams via Conformal Prediction
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, Uncertainty Quantification of Hyperelastic Models for Polystyrene and Polypropylene Foams via Conformal Prediction
This study addresses the limitations of deterministic constitutive models for polymer foams, which often fail to capture intrinsic material variability. It introduces a framework to quantify the predictive uncertainty of the Ogden Hyperfoam model using the distribution-free method of Conformal Prediction. A two-term Ogden model was calibrated using experimental uniaxial compression data from expanded polystyrene and expanded polypropylene. Different Conformal Prediction strategies were systematically evaluated based on their empirical coverage and average interval width on held-out test data. \rev{To prevent bias toward the high-stress densification regime, a logarithmic transformation was applied to generate proportional uncertainty bounds, and a rigorous 5-Fold Grouped Cross-Validation was implemented to evaluate the quantitative metrics without data leakage. The results identify Jackknife MinMax and standard Cross-Validation strategies as the optimal methods for expanded polypropylene and expanded polystyrene, respectively,} providing valid 95\% coverage with the narrowest prediction intervals. This research offers a practical and statistically rigorous methodology for engineers to move beyond single-value predictions, enabling the incorporation of trustworthy uncertainty bounds into the design and analysis of foam-based components.
The following article is
Open access
Additive Manufacturing of PLA composites: Impact of Nanofillers on Mechanical, Fracture and Thermal Behaviour
K. C et al
View accepted manuscript
, Additive Manufacturing of PLA composites: Impact of Nanofillers on Mechanical, Fracture and Thermal Behaviour
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, Additive Manufacturing of PLA composites: Impact of Nanofillers on Mechanical, Fracture and Thermal Behaviour
This study investigates how four nano-additives namely Graphene, amine-functionalized Graphene, hexagonal Boron Nitride (hBN), and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), affect the properties of Polylactic Acid (PLA) used in material extrusion 3D printing. Each additive was added into the PLA at a low concentration of 0.1 wt.% to understand how it changes the mechanical, thermal, and fracture behavior of the printed material. The nanocomposite filaments were first extruded using twin-screw extrusion and then 3D-printed into standardized specimens for testing and the samples were characterized using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), along with tensile, flexural, impact, and fracture toughness tests. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the fracture surfaces and to understand the underlying failure mechanisms. The results showed that incorporating nano-additives improves the mechanical performance of PLA and the nanocomposites exhibited enhancement of up to 86.08% in tensile strength, 92.41% in flexural strength, and 30% in impact strength, compared to neat PLA. Also, fracture toughness improved up to 69.46%, which indicates an improved resistance to deformation and crack propagation. Statistical evaluation using paired t-tests confirmed that these improvements are significant (p < 0.05). Amine-functionalized graphene nanocomposites exhibited comparatively higher improvements across tensile, impact, and flexural properties among the NCs. These results indicate the potential suitability of the developed PLA nanocomposites for lightweight automotive interior components and biodegradable packaging applications
The following article is
Open access
Optimized Bombax Ceiba/Jute Hybrid Epoxy Composites for Enhanced Thermal Insulation Performance
Khan et al
View accepted manuscript
, Optimized Bombax Ceiba/Jute Hybrid Epoxy Composites for Enhanced Thermal Insulation Performance
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, Optimized Bombax Ceiba/Jute Hybrid Epoxy Composites for Enhanced Thermal Insulation Performance
The development of sustainable hybrid natural-fiber composites provides a practical way toward lightweight materials with tailored mechanical and thermal performance. In this study, Bombax ceiba (BC)/jute hybrid epoxy composites were fabricated using a stacked preform followed by compression molding, and the effect of fiber blending ratio on mechanical, thermal, and microstructural properties was systematically investigated. Three compositions-40/60, 50/50, and 60/40 BC/jute by weight-were evaluated. Mechanical testing showed that the J50 composite, with a balanced fiber ratio, exhibited superior flexural strength and impact resistance, indicating effective hybrid synergy and improved stress transfer between fibers and the matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that hybrid systems exhibit varying thermal stability, characterized by distinct degradation stages linked to moisture evaporation, cellulose decomposition, and char formation. Steady-state thermal measurements demonstrated a non-linear dependence on fiber ratio; the J50 composite achieved the lowest thermal conductivity (0.044 ± 0.00185 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹) and the highest thermal resistance (0.0916 ± 0.00120 m²·K·W⁻¹), highlighting its potential for thermal insulation applications. Fractographic analysis using scanning electron microscopy correlated the observed mechanical behavior with fiber pullout, fracture, and interfacial bonding characteristics. Overall, this study demonstrates that the hybridization of BC with jute fibers allows for the development of sustainable epoxy composites exhibiting balanced mechanical integrity and significantly enhanced thermal insulation, making them highly suitable for building envelopes and thermal insulation applications.
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Effects of porosity on the mechanical properties of additively manufactured components: a critical review
Ahmad Y Al-Maharma
et al
2020
Mater. Res. Express
122001
View article
, Effects of porosity on the mechanical properties of additively manufactured components: a critical review
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, Effects of porosity on the mechanical properties of additively manufactured components: a critical review
In the present review, the effect of porosity on the mechanical properties of the fabricated parts, which are additively manufactured by powder bed fusion and filament extrusion-based technologies, are discussed in detail. Usually, additive manufacturing (AM) processes based on these techniques produce the components with a significant amount of pores. The porosity in these parts typically takes two forms: pores with irregular shapes (called keyholes) and uniform (spherical) pores. These pores are present at different locations, such as surface, sub-surface, interior bulk material, between the deposited layers and at filler/matrix interface, which critically affect the corrosion resistance, fatigue strength, stiffness, mechanical strength, and fracture toughness properties, respectively. Therefore, it is essential to study and understand the influence of pores on the mechanical properties of AM fabricated parts. The technologies of AM can be employed in the manufacturing of components with the desired porous structure through the topology optimization process of scaffolds and lattices to improve their toughness under a specific load. The undesirable effect of pores can be eliminated by using defects-free raw materials, optimizing the processing parameters, and implementing suitable post-processing treatment. The current review grants a more comprehensive understanding of the effect of porous defects on mechanical performance and provides a mechanistic basis for reliable applications of additively manufactured components.
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Open access
Quantum dots: an overview of synthesis, properties, and applications
Kushagra Agarwal
et al
2023
Mater. Res. Express
10
062001
View article
, Quantum dots: an overview of synthesis, properties, and applications
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, Quantum dots: an overview of synthesis, properties, and applications
Quantum dots (QDs) have sparked great interest due to their unique electronic, optical, and structural properties. In this review, we provide a critical analysis of the latest advances in the synthesis, properties, and applications of QDs. We discuss synthesis techniques, including colloidal and hydrothermal synthesis, and highlight how the underlying principles of these techniques affect the resulting properties of QDs. We then delve into the wide range of applications of QDs, from QDs based color conversion, light-emitting diodes and biomedicine to quantum-based cryptography and spintronics. Finally, we identify the current challenges and future prospects for quantum dot research. By reading this review, readers will gain a deeper understanding of the current state-of-the-art in QDs research and the potential for future development.
The following article is
Open access
Using digital image correlation to evaluate fracture toughness and crack propagation in the mode I testing of concretes involving fly ash and synthetic nano-SiO
Grzegorz Ludwik Golewski 2024
Mater. Res. Express
11
095504
View article
, Using digital image correlation to evaluate fracture toughness and crack propagation in the mode I testing of concretes involving fly ash and synthetic nano-SiO2
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, Using digital image correlation to evaluate fracture toughness and crack propagation in the mode I testing of concretes involving fly ash and synthetic nano-SiO2
This paper presents the experimental results and deep discussion on the simultaneous effect of fly ash (FA) and synthetic nano-SiO
on the main strength parameters and fracture toughness expressed by critical stress intensity factor,
of a new concrete based on ternary blended cements (TC). Four series of concretes were made, one of which was the control concrete and the remaining three were TC. The effect of constant content of 5% nano-SiO
and various FA contents such, i.e.: 0, 15 and 25% wt. as partial replacement of cement were studied. During the studies the DIC technique was applied to determine the deformation of the concrete beams in the propagation area of the modelled initial crack. Based on the studies it was found that the addition of 5% nano-SiO
without FA increases the strength and fracture toughness of concrete by approx. 20%. On the other hand supplementing the composition of the binder with 5% nano-SiO
in combination with the 15% FA additive causes an increase in all mechanical parameters by another approx. 20%. However, an increase in the FA content in the concrete mix by another 10% causes a smaller increase in the all analysed factors, i.e. by approx. 10% compared to composite with the addition of nano-SiO
modifier only. In addition, based on the studies using DIC technique it was observed that in concrete including only nano-SiO
the crack paths were almost perfectly rectilinear in shape, with a significant width of opening. However, in concrete containing 5% nano-SiO
+ 15% FA the crack paths were curvilinear with characteristic additional microcracks in the vicinity of the main crack, whereas in concrete with the addition of 5% nano-SiO
+ 25% FA the crack paths were very strongly curved and had pronounced branching and numerous additional microcracks in the vicinity of the main crack. From an application point of view, concretes involving FA and nano-SiO
can be used in the execution of specific types of concrete and reinforced concrete structures that require a material with reduced brittleness and at the same time increased fracture toughness.
The following article is
Open access
Freeze–thaw hydrogel fabrication method: basic principles, synthesis parameters, properties, and biomedical applications
William Xaveriano Waresindo
et al
2023
Mater. Res. Express
10
024003
View article
, Freeze–thaw hydrogel fabrication method: basic principles, synthesis parameters, properties, and biomedical applications
PDF
, Freeze–thaw hydrogel fabrication method: basic principles, synthesis parameters, properties, and biomedical applications
Hydrogel is being broadly studied due to their tremendous properties, such as swelling behavior and biocompatibility. Numerous review articles have discussed hydrogel polymer types, hydrogel synthesis methods, hydrogel properties, and hydrogel applications. Hydrogel can be synthesized by physical and chemical cross-linking methods. One type of the physical cross-linking method is freeze-thaw (F–T), which works based on the crystallization process of the precursor solution to form a physical cross-link. To date, there has been no review paper which discusses the F–T technique specifically and comprehensively. Most of the previous review articles that exposed the hydrogel synthesis method usually mentioned the F–T process as a small part of the physical cross-linking method. This review attempts to discuss the F–T hydrogel specifically and comprehensively. In more detail, this review covers the basic principles of hydrogel formation in an F–T way, the parameters that influence hydrogel formation, the properties of the hydrogel, and its application in the biomedical field.
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Open access
Cu based Metal Organic Framework (Cu-MOF) for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction
Ravi Nivetha
et al
2020
Mater. Res. Express
114001
View article
, Cu based Metal Organic Framework (Cu-MOF) for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction
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, Cu based Metal Organic Framework (Cu-MOF) for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction
Hydrogen production using novel catalysts is regarded as one of the most needed technology for the future economic needs and water splitting to give H
gas, which is a challenging task for large-scale production. This work reports the synthesis of Meso-Cu-BTC metal organic framework and further used for understanding its role in electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in 1 M NaOH solution. Meso-Cu-BTC electrocatalyst showed a less overpotential of 89.32 mV and an onset potential of 25 mV with an appreciable current density. Results show a low Tafel slope of 33.41 mVdec
−1
and long-term durability. Thus, the overall results show that Meso-Cu-BTC acted as a good candidate for electrocatalysis towards hydrogen evolution.
Green synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles via plant extracts: an overview
N A I Md Ishak
et al
2019
Mater. Res. Express
112004
View article
, Green synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles via plant extracts: an overview
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, Green synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles via plant extracts: an overview
Recently, a biological approach to synthesizing materials via environmentally friendly green chemistry-based techniques involving natural materials such as plants, bacteria, fungi, seaweed, polysaccharides, biodegradable polymers, plant-derived materials and algae has been employed as an alternative method for the synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. With increasing enthusiasm for efficient green chemistry, biosynthetic routes for fabricating nanoparticles have aroused much interest because they are environmentally benign, simple, economic, and clean technology; they do not involve hazardous chemicals, and they have zero contaminants and by-products. Of these bio-entities, plant extracts have received great attention due to their ability to reduce and stabilize metal nanoparticles in a single-step synthesis using their distinct natural traits. Due to their diverse and complex compositions, natural organic phytoconstituent biomolecules existing in plant extracts such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, terpenoids and tannins act as reducing and stabilizing agents. This paper provides an updated review of recent literature on metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, such as those containing silver, gold, palladium, platinum, zinc oxide, iron, titanium, ceria and magnetite, and the transformations, directions and current uses of green synthesis methods using plant extracts. The challenges, limiting factors and future direction of the plant-based synthesis of metal nanoparticles are also highlighted in this review.
The following article is
Open access
Electrochemical studies on Ni, Co & Ni/Co-MOFs for high-performance hybrid supercapacitors
M G Radhika
et al
2020
Mater. Res. Express
054003
View article
, Electrochemical studies on Ni, Co & Ni/Co-MOFs for high-performance hybrid supercapacitors
PDF
, Electrochemical studies on Ni, Co & Ni/Co-MOFs for high-performance hybrid supercapacitors
Metal-organic framework (MOF) of Ni-MOF, Co-MOF, and Ni/Co-MOF were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method using Trimesic acid as structure directing linker. The physico-chemical properties of the synthesized MOFs were characterized by P-XRD (powder X-ray diffraction), FT-IR (fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), SEM-EDS (scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), HR-TEM (high-resolution transmission tlectron microscope) and BET (Brunner Emmett Teller) surface area techniques. The supercapacitance performance of these MOFs were studied by electroanalytical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronopotentiometry (CP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Amongst the MOFs investigated, Ni/Co-MOF exhibited highest specific capacitance (C
) of 2041 F g
−1
at a scan rate of 2 mV s
−1
and 980 F g
−1
at a current density of 2.5 A g
−1
. Ni/Co-MOFs delivered a maximum energy density (ED) of 55.7 W h Kg
−1
at a corresponding power density (PD) of 1 K W kg
−1
and maximum PD of 9.8 K W kg
−1
at an ED of 41.6 W h Kg
−1
. An outstanding supercapacitance performance with superior columbic efficiency of 98.4% and capacitive retention of 73% after 5000 cycles marks this material as potential candidate for supercapacitors (SCs). A comparative electrochemical study of these MOFs were made in three electrode system, further electrochemical performance was corelated with their physico-chemical properties.
The following article is
Open access
Investigation on tailoring physical properties of Nickel Oxide thin films grown by dc magnetron sputtering
Parashurama Salunkhe
et al
2020
Mater. Res. Express
016427
View article
, Investigation on tailoring physical properties of Nickel Oxide thin films grown by dc magnetron sputtering
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, Investigation on tailoring physical properties of Nickel Oxide thin films grown by dc magnetron sputtering
We report a comprehensive study on influence of oxygen partial pressure on NiO thin films grown on glass substrates in a combined argon and oxygen ambience by reactive dc magnetron sputtering. In this present article, we have discussed the dependence of oxygen pressure on structural, chemical, morphological, optical and electrical properties of the sputtered NiO films. Glancing angle x-ray diffraction reveals that the deposited films were polycrystalline in nature with FCC phase. The preferred orientation changes from (200) to (111) in a higher O
flow rate environment and an average particle size was estimated using Scherrer relation. The surface morphology of films was studied by using atomic force microscopy. The x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis demonstrates the core level Ni 2p spectra over a range of 850 eV to 885 eV of binding energy and observed Ni 2p
3/2
, Ni 2p
1/2
domains along with their satellite peaks. It infers the presence of both Ni
+2
and Ni
+3
oxidation states in the sputtered films. Additionally, Raman spectroscopy was carried out to confirm the structural defects level and crystalline nature of the films. The optical results show that deposited films were semi-transparent and the evaluated optical band gap of the material lies in the range 3.36 eV to 3.52 eV. The extracted electrical properties infer either n-type or p-type conductivity depending on the processing conditions of the films.
The following article is
Open access
Metal oxide semiconductor-based Schottky diodes: a review of recent advances
Noorah A Al-Ahmadi 2020
Mater. Res. Express
032001
View article
, Metal oxide semiconductor-based Schottky diodes: a review of recent advances
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, Metal oxide semiconductor-based Schottky diodes: a review of recent advances
Metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structures are essential for a wide range of semiconductor devices. This study reviews the development of MOS Schottky diode, which offers enhanced performance when compared with conventional metal-semiconductor Schottky diode structures because of the presence of the oxide layer. This layer increases Schottky barrier heights and reduced leakage currents. It also compared the MOS and metal-semiconductor structures. Recent advances in the development of MOS Schottky diodes are then discussed, with a focus on aspects such as insulating materials development, doping effects, and manufacturing technologies, along with potential device applications ranging from hydrogen gas sensors to photodetectors. Device structures, including oxide semiconductor thin film-based devices, p-type and n-type oxide semiconductor materials, and the optical and electrical properties of these materials are then discussed with a view toward optoelectronic applications. Finally, potential future development directions are outlined, including the use of thin-film nanostructures and high-k dielectric materials, and the application of graphene as a Schottky barrier material.
The following article is
Open access
Recent progress on the mechanical exfoliation of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides
Yangang Li
et al
2022
Mater. Res. Express
122001
View article
, Recent progress on the mechanical exfoliation of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides
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, Recent progress on the mechanical exfoliation of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides
Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted extensive attraction due to their unique properties in novel physical phenomena, such as superconductors, Moiré superlattices, ferromagnetics, Weyl semimetals, which all require the high quality of 2D TMDs. Mechanical exfoliation (ME) as a top-down strategy shows great potential to obtain 2D TMDs with high quality and large scale. This paper reviews the theoretical and experimental details of this method. Subsequently, diverse modified ME methods are introduced. Significantly, the recent progress of the Au-assisted ME method is the highlight. Finally, this review will have an insight into their advantages and limitations, and point out a rational direction for the exfoliation of TMDs with high quality and large size.
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2014-present
Materials Research Express
doi: 10.1088/issn.2053-1591
Online ISSN: 2053-1591