Mexico - Wikipedia

Mexico - Wikipedia
Pegi ngagai isi
Ari Wikipedia
Negeri-Negeri Mexico Beserakup
Estados Unidos Mexicanos
Sepanyol
Menira
Coat of arms
Anthem:
Himno Nacional Mexicano
("Mexican National Anthem")
Mexico in the Western Hemisphere
Mexico and its neighbors
Indu menua
enggau nengeri ke pemadu besai
Mexico City
19°26′N
99°8′W
 / 
19.433°N 99.133°W
 /
19.433; -99.133
Jaku resmi
Spanish
de facto
Co-official languages
68
Jaku Asal
Raban bansa
Peda di baruh
Pengarap
(2023)
71%
Christianity
56%
Catholicism
10%
Protestantism
5% other
Christian
17%
no religion
8%
other religion
5% prefer not to say
Demonim
Mexican
Perintah
Federal
presidential republic
President
Andrés Manuel López Obrador
President of the Senate
Ana Lilia Rivera
President of the Chamber of Deputies
Marcela Guerra Castillo
Chief Justice
Norma Lucía Piña Hernández
Aum Kaunsil
Congress
Upper house
Senate
Lower house
Chamber of Deputies
Independence
from
Spain
Start of War of Independence
16 September 1810
Declared
27 September 1821
Recognized
28 December 1836
First constitution
4 October 1824
Second constitution
5 February 1857
Current constitution
5 February 1917
Menua
• Pemesai
1,972,550 km
(761,610 bt
) (
13th
• Ai (%)
1.58 (as of 2015)
Penyampau tubuh
• 2023 estimate
129,875,529
10th
• Pemayuh tubuh
61/km
(158.0/sq mi) (
142nd
GDP
PPP
2024 estimate
• Total
$3.434 trillion
12th
• Per capita
$25,963
70th
GDP
(nominal)
2024 estimate
• Total
$2.017 trillion
12th
• Per capita
$15,249
63rd
Gini
(2018)
41.8
sedang
HDI
(2022)
0.781
tinggi
77th
Mata duit
Mexican peso
MXN
Zon jam
UTC
−8 to −5
See
Time in Mexico
• Summer (
DST
UTC
−7 to −5
(varies)
Date format
dd/mm/yyyy
Tisi deriba
right
Kod talipaun
+52
Kod ISO 3166
MX
TLD Internet
.mx
Article 4 of the
General Law of Linguistic Rights of the Indigenous Peoples
Spanish is
de facto
the official language in the Mexican federal government.
Mexico
lower-alpha 1
lower-alpha 2
tauka nama resmi menua tu
Negeri-Negeri Mexico Beserakup
lower-alpha 3
nya sebengkah menua ba sepiak selatan Amerika Utara. Mungkur 1,972,550 km
(761,610 bt
),
11
menua tu nyadi menua ke-13 pemadu besai di dunya nitihka pemesai; enggau penyampau tubuh urung 130 juta iku, iya nyadi menua ke-10 pemadu mayuh mensia sereta ngembuan pemayuh orang ke bejaku Sepanyol di dunya.
12
Mexico diatur nyadi republik konstitusyen perintah besai ke mungkur 31 nengeri enggau
Nengeri Mexico
, indu nengeri sereta mengeri pemadu besai, ke entara kandang mengeri besai ke pemadu mayuh mensia di dunya. Menua tu bekunsi garis entara menua enggau
Amerika Serikat
ba utara, enggau
Guatemala
enggau
Belize
ba tenggara; pia mega garis entara menua maritim enggau
Tasik Pasifik
ba barat,
Tasik Karibia
ba tenggara, enggau
Teluk Mexico
ba timur.
13
Demografi
edit
edit bunsu
Pemadat populasyen Mexico
Nitihka Institut Geografi enggau Statistik Nasional Mexico, penyampau tubuh menua nya dipelabaka ba taun 2022 iya nya 129,150,971 iku.
14
Kenyau ari pemadu mimit taun 1970-an, Mexico nyadi menua ke pemadu mayuh mensia bejaku Sepanyol di dunya.
15
Sepemanjai abad ke-19, penyampau tubuh ba Mexico nyau deka nambah dua kali lipat. Pengawa tu majak nyadi sekumbang dua dekad keterubah abad ke-20, ba taun 1900 penyampau tubuh orang Mexico lebih mimit ari 13 juta iku.
16
Revolusyen Mexico (
c.
1910–1920) balat meri empas ngagai penumbuh penyampau tubuh enggau pengawa ngitung tubuh taun 1921 ngeripotka pengerugi urung 1 juta iku peranak. Penyampau penumbuh niki enggau jampat entara taun 1930-an enggau 1980-an lebuh menua tu ngerejista penumbuh lebih 3% (1950–1980). Penyampau tubuh orang Mexico nambah dua kali lipat dalam kandang dua puluh taun, lalu enggau penyampau nya, dipelabaka manggai ba taun 2000 bisi 120 juta iku orang diau di Mexico. Penyampau tubuh ba Mexico majak niki ari 70 juta ba taun 1982
17
nyentukka 123.5 juta iku peranak ba taun 2017.
18
Pengelama umur niki ari 36 taun ba taun 1895 ngagai 75 taun ba taun 2020.
12
Raban bansa
edit
edit bunsu
Penyampau tubuh Mexico mayuh macham, tang pansik pasal etnik Mexico udah ngasaika empas wacana nasionalis ngagai identiti.
19
20
21
Kenyau ari taun 1930-an, perintah Mexico udah ngelakuka penemu ti madahka semua orang Mexico nya sebagi ari komuniti
Mestizo
, ke dalam nya sida semina dibida nengah endur diau dalam tauka luar ari
komuniti asal
, tikas pengelandik bejaku ngena jaku asal, enggau tikas pengangkun ngagai adat asal,
22
23
nitihka pengawa ngitung tubuh Mexico taun 2020, 6.1% ari penyampau tubuh Mexico bejaku ngena jaku Bansa Asal lalu 19.4% ari penyampau tubuh ngelala diri nyadi bansa asal.
12
Apin lama ke udah perintah Mexico berengkah bejalaika pansik ti ngambi kira bansa bukai ke diau ba menua nya, baka Afro-Mexico (ti mungkur 2% ari penyampau tubuh Mexico ba taun 2020).
12
Survei ti ngena chura kulit nyadika sanding
24
25
dikena ngaga anggar
Orang Putih Mexico
ba menua nya,
26
27
28
29
lalu
Encyclopædia Britannica
ngangar sida urung 32% ari penyampau tubuh.
30
Orang Asia Mexico
enggau
Arab Mexico
ngarika urung 1% ari penyampau tubuh siku-siku. Seraya Mestizo nyadi raban bansa ke tampak ba Mexico kontemporari, definisyen subjektif sereta seruran berubah ba kategori tu ngujungka anggar iya enda tepat.
31
32
Jaku
edit
edit bunsu
Jaku Sepanyol
nyadi jaku nasional
de facto
disebut mayuh orang, lalu nyadika Mexico menua
Hispanofon
ke pemadu mayuh mensia di dunya.
33
15
Jaku Sepanyol Mexico
nujuka variasyen jaku ti dikena ba menua tu, ti bebida ari siti pelilih menua ngagai pelilih menua bukai ba munyi, struktur, enggau leka jaku.
34
Kar ungkup taun 2000 jaku asal Mexico ngembuan lebih 100,000 iku orang ke bejaku .
Perintah besai ngaku enggau rasmi enam puluh lapan raban jaku enggau 364 bansa jaku asal.
35
Dipelabaka urung 8.3 juta iku rayat ngena jaku tu,
36
enggau
Jaku Nahuatl
nyadi jaku ti pemadu mayuh dikena lebih ari 1.7 juta, ditangkanka
Jaku Maya Yucatec
ti dikena ninting hari urung 850,000 iku orang.
Jaku Tzeltal
enggau
Tzotzil
jaku-jaku Maya
ke bukai, dikena urung setengah juta iku orang siku-siku, kelebih agi ba negeri selatan
Chiapas
36
Jaku Mixtec
enggau
Zapotec
, enggau urung 500,000 pejaku asal, iya nya dua bengkah raban jaku bukai ti tampak.
36
Kenyau ari penumbuh iya dalam bulan Mac 2003, Institut Jaku Asal Nasional udah megai tanggung pengawa ngangkat sereta nyaga guna jaku asal menua tu, nengah Undang-undang Besai Hak Jaku Bansa Asal, ti ngaku sida nyadi jaku nasional
de jure
ti bisi status ke sama enggau Jaku Sepanyol.
37
Nya taja pia, dalam pengawa, raban bansa asal suah napi diskriminasyen lalu nadai akses penuh ngagai servis mensia mayuh baka pelajar enggau nyaga pengerai, tauka ngagai sistem keadilan, laban jaku Sepanyol nya jaku ti dikena.
38
Kelimpah ari jaku asal, bisi beberapa jaku minoriti ke dikena di Mexico ketegal pemindah entarabansa baka
Jaku Jereman Rendah
ulih 80,000 iku orang Mennonite, keterubah iya ngentapka diri ba nengeri-nengeri utara, diperansang ulih toleransi perintah besai ngagai komuniti tu nengah chara ngemendarka sida netapka sistem pelajar sida ti setipak enggau adat sereta main asal sida.
39
Chipilo dialect
, siti ari variasyen
jaku Venetia
, dikena ba mengeri
Chipilo
, bepalan ba negeri tengah
Puebla
, ulih urung 2,500 iku, ke tebal agi peturun orang Venetia ke pindah ngagai kandang menua nya ba ujung kurun ke-19.
40
Jaku English nya jaku bansa bukai ke pemadu suah diajar ba Mexico. Dipelabaka urung 24 juta iku, tauka urung seperlima ari penyampau tubuh, belajarka jaku nya nengah sekula awam, institusyen peribit, tauka jalai akses kediri empu,
41
taja pia, tikas pengelandik jaku English ti tinggi semina ba 5% ari penyampau tubuh.
42
Jaku Peranchis nyadi jaku luar kedua pemadu mayuh diajar, laban ninting taun entara 200,000 ngagai 250,000 iku nembiak Mexico ngambi kus jaku.
43
44
45
Nota
edit
edit bunsu
Sepanyol
México
or
Méjico
, pronunciation:
[ˈmexiko]
Classical Nahuatl
Mēxihco
Templat:Lang-yua
Usually, in
Spanish
, the name of the country is spelled
México
; however, in
Peninsular (European) Spanish
, the variant
Méjico
is used alongside the usual version. According to the
Diccionario panhispánico de dudas
by the
Royal Spanish Academy
and
Association of Academies of the Spanish Language
, the version with J is also correct; however, the spelling with X is recommended, as it is the one used in Mexico.
10
Sepanyol
Estados Unidos Mexicanos
[esˈtaðos
uˈniðos
mexiˈkanos]
);
Classical Nahuatl
Mēxihcatl Tlacetilīlli Tlahtohcāyōtl
Penyanding
edit
edit bunsu
"Global Religion - Religious Beliefs Across the World"
(PDF)
Ipsos
. May 2023.
Archived
(PDF)
from the original on 12 May 2023
. Retrieved
23 August
2023
"Political Constitution of the United Mexican States, title 2, article 40"
(PDF)
. MX Q: SCJN. Archived from
the original
(PDF)
on 11 May 2011
. Retrieved
14 August
2010
"Surface water and surface water change"
. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
Archived
from the original on 24 March 2021
. Retrieved
11 October
2020
Templat:Cite CIA World Factbook
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
"World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (Mexico)"
www.imf.org
International Monetary Fund
. 16 April 2024
. Retrieved
16 April
2024
Inequality - Income inequality - OECD Data
OECD
Archived
from the original on 1 July 2022
. Retrieved
12 August
2021
"Human Development Report 2023/24"
(PDF)
(in Inggeris).
United Nations Development Programme
. 13 March 2024.
Archived
(PDF)
from the original on 13 March 2024
. Retrieved
13 March
2024
INALI (13 March 2003).
"General Law of Linguistic Rights of the Indigenous Peoples"
(PDF)
Archived
(PDF)
from the original on 3 August 2016
. Retrieved
7 November
2010
"Catálogo de las lenguas indígenas nacionales: Variantes lingüísticas de México con sus autodenominaciones y referencias geoestadísticas"
. Inali.gob.mx.
Archived
from the original on 8 July 2014
. Retrieved
18 July
2014
México
in
Diccionario panhispánico de dudas
by
Royal Spanish Academy
and
Association of Academies of the Spanish Language
, Madrid: Santillana. 2005.
ISBN 978-8-429-40623-8
"Mexico"
The World Factbook
Central Intelligence Agency
. Archived from
the original
on 26 January 2021.
12.0
12.1
12.2
12.3
"Censo Población y Vivienda 2020"
www.inegi.org.mx
. INEGI.
Archived
from the original on 14 February 2022
. Retrieved
26 January
2021
Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary, 3rd ed., Springfield, Massachusetts, United States, Merriam-Webster; p. 733
Estadísticas a propósito del día mundial de la población
"INEGI", July 2023. Retrieved on September 20, 2024.
15.0
15.1
"Spanish Language History"
. Today Translations. Archived from
the original
on 17 April 2005
. Retrieved
1 October
2007
"POBLACIÓN"
"SEMARNAT", retrieved on October 4, 2024.
"Population, total | Data"
data.worldbank.org
. 2022.
Archived
from the original on 6 June 2023
. Retrieved
6 June
2023
"México cuenta con 123.5 millones de habitantes"
[Mexico has 123.5 million inhabitants].
El Economista
(in Sepanyol). Notimex. 10 July 2017.
Archived
from the original on 19 September 2017
. Retrieved
4 June
2020
Knight, Alan. 1990. "Racism, Revolution and
indigenismo
: Mexico 1910–1940". Chapter 4 in
The Idea of Race in Latin America, 1870–1940
. Richard Graham (ed.) pp. 78–85
Wimmer, Andreas, 2002.
Nationalist Exclusion and Ethnic Conflict: Shadows of Modernity
, Cambridge University Press page 115
Hall Steckel, Richard; R. Haines, Michael (2000).
A population history of North America
. Cambridge University Press. p. 621.
ISBN
978-0-521-49666-7
Archived
from the original on 8 January 2024
. Retrieved
17 June
2015
"en el censo de 1930 el gobierno mexicano dejó de clasificar a la población del país en tres categorías raciales, blanco, mestizo e indígena, y adoptó una nueva clasificación étnica que distinguía a los hablantes de lenguas indígenas del resto de la población, es decir de los hablantes de español"
. Archived from
the original
on 23 August 2013.
"Al respecto no debe olvidarse que en estos países buena parte de las personas consideradas biológicamente blancas son mestizas en el aspecto cultural, el que aquí nos interesa (p. 196)"
(PDF)
. Redalyc.org. 16 March 2005. Archived from
the original
(PDF)
on 22 October 2013
. Retrieved
27 June
2013
Fuentes-Nieva, Ricardo (6 July 2017).
"Ser blanco"
[Being white].
El Universal
(in Sepanyol).
Archived
from the original on 25 February 2021
. Retrieved
20 December
2020
Solís, Arturo (7 August 2018).
"Comprobado con datos: en México te va mejor si eres blanco"
[Proven with data: in Mexico you do better if you are white].
Forbes México
(in Sepanyol).
Archived
from the original on 14 November 2020
. Retrieved
20 December
2020
"Encuesta Nacional sobre Discriminación 2017"
Archived
Ogos 10, 2018, at the
Wayback Machine
CNDH
, August 6, 2018, Retrieved on August 10, 2018.
"Encuesta Nacional sobre Discriminación (ENADIS) 2022"
www.inegi.org.mx
(in Sepanyol)
. Retrieved
April 2,
2024
"21 de Marzo: Día Internacional de la Eliminación de la Discriminación Racial"
[March 21: International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination]
(PDF)
(in Sepanyol). Mexico:
CONAPRED
. 2017. p. 7.
Archived
(PDF)
from the original on May 25, 2017
. Retrieved
August 23,
2017
Ba lambar 7 penerang berita nya, kaunsil nya ngeripotka 53.5% indu Mexico enggau 39.4% lelaki Mexico dikelala enggau chura kulit ke pemadu terang ke dikena dalam tanya ngitung tubuh,
CONAPRED
, Mexico, 21 Mac. Retrieved on April 28, 2017.
"Visión INEGI 2021 Dr. Julio Santaella Castell"
Archived
Januari 21, 2019, at the
Wayback Machine
INEGI
, July 3, 2017, Retrieved on April 30, 2018.
Ethnic composition (2010):
About one third
"Mexico: Ethnic groups"
Encyclopædia Britannica
. Retrieved
March 6,
2022
Schwartz-Marín, Ernesto; Silva-Zolezzi, Irma (2010).
"The Map of the Mexican's Genome": Overlapping national identity, and population genomics"
Identity in the Information Society
(3): 489–514.
doi
10.1007/s12394-010-0074-7
hdl
10871/33766
Navarrete Linares, Federico.
"El mestizaje en Mexico"
[The miscegenation in Mexico]
(PDF)
(in Sepanyol). Archived from
the original
(PDF)
on 1 August 2017
. Retrieved
31 July
2017
Spanish → Mexico
at
Ethnologue
(18th ed., 2015)
(langgan patut bisi)
Werner 2001
, pp. 443, 444, 445.
sfn error: no target: CITEREFWerner2001 (
help
INALI [Instituto Nacional de Lenguas Indígenas]
(14 January 2008).
"Catálogo de las lenguas indígenas nacionales: Variantes lingüísticas de México con sus autodenominaciones y referencias geoestadísticas"
(PDF online facsimile)
Diario Oficial de la Federación
(in Sepanyol).
652
(9). Mexico City: 22–78 (first section), 1–96 (second section), 1–112 (third section).
OCLC
46461036
Archived
(PDF)
from the original on 16 October 2011
. Retrieved
22 July
2011
36.0
36.1
36.2
"Indigenous Languages in Mexico: Speakers Aged Three or Older"
. National Institute of Statistics and Geography. 2015.
Archived
from the original on 3 March 2016
. Retrieved
11 September
2018
"Ley General de Derechos Lingüísticos de los Pueblos Indígenas"
(PDF)
(in Sepanyol). 2003. Archived from
the original
(PDF)
on 21 September 2013
. Retrieved
3 August
2017
"Model of Accreditation and Certification of Indigenous Languages"
(PDF)
(in Sepanyol). National Indigenous Languages Institute. October 2012. p. 7.
Archived
(PDF)
from the original on 13 November 2018
. Retrieved
11 September
2018
"The Mennonite Old Colony Vision: Under siege in Mexico and the Canadian Connection"
(PDF)
. Archived from
the original
(PDF)
on 5 February 2007
. Retrieved
11 September
2018
Templat:E18
"English in Mexico: An examination of policy, perceptions and influencing factors"
(PDF)
. British Council. May 2015.
Archived
(PDF)
from the original on 13 November 2018
. Retrieved
11 September
2018
Becerril, Isabel (27 April 2015).
"En México sólo 5% de la población habla inglés: IMCO"
(in Sepanyol). El Financiero.
Archived
from the original on 12 September 2018
. Retrieved
11 September
2018
"Une Langue Pour Apprendre"
(PDF)
(in Perancis). Organisation internationale de la Francophonie. 6 September 2010. p. 132. Archived from
the original
(PDF)
on 13 November 2018
. Retrieved
11 September
2018
"Cours de français"
(in Perancis). Ambassade de France à Mexico. 19 March 2013.
Archived
from the original on 19 August 2017
. Retrieved
11 September
2018
Simon-Clerc, Nathalie (2 November 2016).
"Le Mexique, l'acteur qui monte dans la francophonie d'Amérique"
(in Perancis). L'Outarde Libérée.
Archived
from the original on 12 September 2018
. Retrieved
11 September
2018
Diambi ari "
Kategori
Laman yang menggunakan Phonos
Sumber CS1 jaku Perancis (fr)
Laman menggunakan pautan ajaib ISBN
Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters
Menua ba Amerika Utara
Kategori dipelalaika:
Artikel ti ngundan teks jaku Sepanyol
Lambar ke ngena templat Lang-xx
Lambar ti ngundan AFA jaku Sepanyol
Lambar ti nyengkaum sebut dirikut
Sumber CS1 jaku Inggeris (en)
Sumber CS1 jaku Sepanyol (es)
Webarchive template wayback links
Laman ti ngundan link ngagai isi ti semina dikena langgan
Artikel jaku ngambi sumber ari Ethnologue 18
Harv and Sfn no-target errors
Mexico
Tambah topik