Microsoft Silverlight - Wikipedia

Microsoft Silverlight - Wikipedia
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Application framework for rich Internet applications
"Silverlight" redirects here. For the musician, see
Terry Silverlight
Microsoft Silverlight
Developer
Microsoft Corporation
Initial release
September 5, 2007
; 18 years ago
2007-09-05
Final release
5.1.50918.0
(January 15, 2019
; 7 years ago
2019-01-15
[±]
Preview release
None
[±]
Operating system
Microsoft Windows
Windows Mobile
Windows Phone 7
Mac OS X
, and
Symbian OS
Platform
ARM32
IA-32
and
x86-64
Type
Application framework
run-time environment
and
multimedia framework
License
Freeware
Website
microsoft.com/silverlight
Microsoft Silverlight
is a discontinued
application framework
designed for writing and running
rich internet applications
, similar to
Adobe
's
runtime
Adobe Flash
. While early versions of Silverlight focused on
streaming media
, later versions supported
multimedia
graphics
, and animation, and gave support to developers for
CLI languages
and
development tools
. Silverlight was one of the two application development platforms for
Windows Phone
, but web pages using Silverlight did not run on the Windows Phone or
Windows Mobile
versions of
Internet Explorer
, as there was no Silverlight plugin for Internet Explorer on those platforms.
Microsoft terminated support for Silverlight on
Internet Explorer 11
(the last remaining web browser still supporting Silverlight) on October 12, 2021.
History
edit
Introduction
edit
From the initial launch in 2007, reviewers compared the product to (since discontinued) Adobe's Flash.
Adoption
edit
According to statowl.com, Microsoft Silverlight had a penetration of 64.2% in May 2011. Usage in July 2010 was 53.6%, whereas as of May 2011
[update]
market leader Adobe Flash was installed on 95.3% of browsers, and Java was supported on 76.5% of browsers.
10
Support of these plugins is not mutually exclusive; one system can support all three.
Silverlight was used to provide video streaming for the
NBC
coverage of the
2008 Summer Olympics
in Beijing,
11
the
2010 Winter Olympics
in Vancouver,
12
and the 2008 conventions for both major United States political parties.
13
Silverlight was also used by
Amazon Video
and
Netflix
for their instant video streaming services,
14
15
but Netflix said in its Tech Blog in 2013 that, since Microsoft had announced Silverlight's
end-of-life
, they would be moving to
HTML video
16
Demise
edit
Industry observers announced the death of Silverlight as early as 2011.
17
In 2012, Microsoft deprecated Silverlight for
HTML5
in
Windows 8
18
but until 2015 it was not clear what Microsoft's official position was on Silverlight's future.
19
In July 2015, a Microsoft blog post clarified that, "… we encourage companies that are using Silverlight for media to begin the transition to DASH/MSE/CENC/EME based designs".
Microsoft planned to terminate Silverlight support on October 12, 2021.
20
Support for IE7–8 was removed between 2014 and 2016, depending on the
OS
21
Support for IE9 and IE10 has also ended
21
"or though [sic] the support lifecycle of the underlying browsers,
22
whichever is shorter."
20
There is no Silverlight plugin available for
Microsoft Edge [Legacy]
or newer.
21
It has not been supported by
Google Chrome
since September 2015
21
23
or by
Firefox
since March 2017.
24
Since late 2023
[update]
, less than 0.02% of sites used Silverlight,
25
less than 1.3% used the also discontinued Adobe Flash Player,
26
and less than 0.03% use Java client-side (while less than 4.7% use Java server-side).
27
28
Netflix continued to support Silverlight playback for browsers that did not support HTML 5 until September 13, 2023.
29
Amazon Prime Video similarly stopped supporting Silverlight playback for older browsers some time after Silverlight's end of support date with it being reported as working in August 2021 but not as of 2024.
30
Unlike Netflix however, Amazon did not mention ending Silverlight support.
Overview
edit
Silverlight provides a
retained mode
graphics system similar to
Windows Presentation Foundation
(WPF), and integrates
multimedia
graphics
, animations, and
interactivity
into a single run-time environment. In Silverlight applications, user interfaces are declared in
Extensible Application Markup Language
(XAML) and programmed using a subset of the
.NET Framework
. XAML can be used for
marking up
the
vector graphics
and animations. Silverlight can also be used to create
Windows Sidebar
gadgets
for
Windows Vista
31
Silverlight supports
H.264
video,
32
Advanced Audio Coding
Windows Media Video
(WMV),
Windows Media Audio
(WMA), and
MPEG Layer III
(MP3) media content
33
across all supported browsers without requiring
Windows Media Player
, the
Windows Media Player
ActiveX
control, or
Windows Media
browser plug-ins. Because
Windows Media Video 9
is an implementation of the
Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
(SMPTE)
VC-1
standard, Silverlight also supports VC-1 video. According to the
end user license agreement
VC-1 and H.264 are only licensed for the "personal and non-commercial use of a consumer".
34
Silverlight makes it possible to dynamically load
Extensible Markup Language
(XML) content that can be manipulated through a
Document Object Model
(DOM) interface, a technique that is consistent with conventional
Ajax
techniques. Silverlight exposes a
Downloader
object which can be used to download content, like scripts, media assets, or other data, as may be required by the application.
35
With version 2, the programming logic can be written in any
.NET
language
, including some nuclear evolution of common
dynamic programming languages
like
IronRuby
and
IronPython
36
free software
implementation (now abandoned)
37
named
Moonlight
, developed by
Novell
in cooperation with Microsoft, was released to bring Silverlight version 1 and 2 functionality to
Linux
FreeBSD
, and other open source platforms, although some Linux distributions did not include it, citing redistribution and
patent
concerns.
38
However, in May 2012, Moonlight was abandoned because of its lack of popularity.
39
Supported platforms
edit
Over the course of about five years,
Microsoft
had released five versions with varying platform support: the first version was released in 2007, and the fifth (and final) major version on May 8, 2012. It is compatible with later versions of Internet Explorer web browser on Microsoft Windows (except
Windows RT
operating systems
40
with
Safari
on Apple
macOS
, and with mobile devices using the
Windows Mobile
41
and
Symbian
(Series 60)
42
platforms.
Cross-platform Mozilla Firefox support for Silverlight was removed in Firefox 52 released in March 2017 when Mozilla removed support for
NPAPI
plugins,
43
44
bringing it in-line with the removal of NPAPI plugin support in Google Chrome.
45
46
Desktop computers
edit
Silverlight requires an
x86
processor with
Streaming SIMD Extensions
(SSE) support. Supported processors include the
Intel
Pentium III
and up, the
AMD
Athlon XP
and up, and newer AMD
Durons
The following table presents an availability and compatibility matrix of Silverlight versions for various operating systems and web browsers.
Color-coding guide for the following table
Silverlight no longer supported
Silverlight never supported
Not applicable
Supported Silverlight versions by desktop platform
47
48
49
Web browser
Internet Explorer 6
SP1 or later
Internet Explorer 7
Internet Explorer 8
and
Internet Explorer 10
Internet Explorer 11
Firefox
Safari
Chrome
Edge
Opera
Windows 11
N/a
N/a
N/a
N/a
N/a
None, since Firefox 52
1, 2
None, since Chrome 45
None
None
Windows 10
N/a
N/a
N/a
N/a
None, since Firefox 52
44
50
1, 2
None, since Chrome 45
45
46
None
None
51
Windows 8.1
Windows Server 2012 or later
N/a
N/a
N/a
N/a
None, since Firefox 52
1, 2
None, since Chrome 45
None
None
Windows 8
N/a
N/a
N/a
N/a
None, since Firefox 52
1, 2
None, since Chrome 45
None
None
Windows 7
Windows Server 2008 R2
N/a
N/a
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
None, since Firefox 52
1, 2
None, since Chrome 45
None
None
Windows Vista
Windows Server 2008
N/a
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
N/a
N/a
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
note 1
1, 2
None, since Chrome 45
N/a
None
Windows XP
Windows Server 2003
1, 2, 3, 4
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
N/a
N/a
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
note 1
1, 2
None, since Chrome 45
N/a
None
Windows 2000
KB891861
required)
2, 3, 4
N/a
N/a
N/a
N/a
None
N/a
N/a
None
macOS (Intel)
N/a
N/a
N/a
N/a
N/a
None, since Firefox 52
None, since Safari 12
None, since Chrome 45
None
None
Ubuntu Linux
N/a
N/a
N/a
N/a
N/a
None, since Firefox 52
N/a
None, since Chrome 45
None
None
Support for
Opera
had been promised since May 3, 2007, when David Storey, the Chief Web Opener at Opera, revealed a Microsoft poster for
MIX
conference that had shown Opera integration as a part of Silverlight 1.1.
54
However, Opera was never officially supported by Silverlight.
On Linux and FreeBSD, the functionality was available via
Moonlight
and
Pipelight
55
56
though both projects have since been discontinued. Moonlight is available for the major
Linux
distributions, with support for
Firefox
Konqueror
, and Opera browsers, provided it was obtained through Novell.
57
Miguel de Icaza
has expressed an interest in working with developers from other operating systems (BSD, Solaris) and other browsers (Konqueror, WebKit and Opera) to ensure that Moonlight works fine on their systems.
58
Availability of Moonlight version 1.0 for FreeBSD was announced in March 2009,
59
but has since been reported not to actually work.
60
As of 2011
[update]
, the current version of Moonlight (4 Preview 1) does not officially work on new versions of Firefox (newer than 3.x) on Linux-based operating systems. However, it can be installed in an unofficial way (for example using the
Add-on Compatibility Reporter
Archived
May 1, 2012, at the
Wayback Machine
add-on) and with Firefox 11 it works correctly when installed. As noted above, the Moonlight project was abandoned in May 2012.
A browser plugin named
Pipelight
used to provide Silverlight access. Pipelight requires browser support for NPAPI plugins, which newer versions of Firefox, Chrome, and Opera have dropped. As of 2018, the Pipelight project has been discontinued.
61
Mobile devices
edit
Silverlight was not available on
Android
or
iOS
, the most prevalent operating systems on the
mobile market
Silverlight was the primary development environment for
Windows Phone
(that is by now discontinued) and is based on Silverlight 4. For previous versions of Windows Mobile, the first
Community Technology Preview
(CTP) for
Windows Mobile 6
was expected in the second quarter of 2008, but it still has not been officially announced. Microsoft has stopped focusing on bringing Silverlight to Windows Mobile 6.x.
62
Nokia
announced plans to make Silverlight for Mobile available for
S60
on
Symbian OS
, as well as for
Series 40
devices and Nokia internet tablets
63
64
(while it later sold the business to Microsoft and now sells Android tablets and will sell
Alcatel-Lucent
branded smartphones). Silverlight for Mobile supports Silverlight 2 content and .NET languages.
41
Silverlight for
Windows Phone 7.5
is based on Silverlight 4.
65
Development tools
edit
See also:
XAP (file format)
A Silverlight application being edited in
Microsoft Visual Studio
Silverlight applications could be written in any .NET programming language. As such, any
development tools
which can be used with .NET languages can work with Silverlight, provided they can target the Silverlight CoreCLR for hosting the application, instead of the .NET Framework CLR. Microsoft has positioned
Microsoft Expression Blend
as a companion tool to Visual Studio for the design of Silverlight User Interface applications.
Visual Studio
can be used to develop and debug Silverlight applications. To create Silverlight projects and let the compiler target CoreCLR, Visual Studio requires the
Silverlight Tools for Visual Studio
66
A Silverlight control is a ZIP format file with extension .XAP containing a list of one or more .NET managed assemblies (.DLL files) along with the AppManifest.XAML file containing this list along with the entry point (class and assembly). It can be hosted in any HTML file using an object tag, for example:
object
data
"data:application/x-silverlight-2,"
type
"application/x-silverlight-2"
width
"100%"
height
"100%"
param
name
"source"
value
"MySilverLightControl.xap"
/>
object
A Silverlight project contains the
Silverlight.js
and
CreateSilverlight.js
files which initializes the Silverlight plug-in for use in HTML pages, a XAML file for the UI, and code-behind files for the application code. Silverlight applications are debugged in a manner similar to ASP.NET applications. Visual Studio's
CLR Remote Cross Platform Debugging
feature can be used to debug Silverlight applications running on a different platform as well.
67
In conjunction with the release of Silverlight 2,
Eclipse
was added as a development tool option.
68
Licensing
edit
An April 2007
PC World
report, suggested that Microsoft intended to release certain parts of Silverlight source code as
open source
software,
69
but a week later Sam Ramji, director of platform technology strategy at Microsoft, contradicted the rumors by confirming that the company had no plans to open Silverlight.
70
Some controls that ship with Silverlight are available under the
Microsoft Public License
as a part of a separate project known as the
Silverlight Toolkit
71
At introduction, Silverlight's
proprietary
nature was a concern to competition due to its potential harm to the open nature of the
World Wide Web
. Advocates of
free software
were also concerned Silverlight could be another example of Microsoft's
embrace, extend, and extinguish
strategy.
72
Both Microsoft Silverlight and Adobe Flash are proprietary.
73
Flash's file formats are publicly documented standards,
74
75
as are Silverlight's.
76
77
Silverlight, like other web technologies, uses
patent-encumbered
audio and video
codecs
Mono Moonlight implementation
edit
Main article:
Moonlight (runtime)
The
Mono
Team abandoned development of
Moonlight
, a
free
and
open-source
implementation of both the Silverlight 1 and 2
runtimes
78
Development was discontinued in 2012 due to the poor acceptance of Silverlight and the restrictions imposed by
Microsoft
79
The project had been officially supported by Microsoft which,
55
under an agreement with
Novell
, made not-publicly-available additional specifications, access to the Silverlight
Base Class Library
APIs, binary codecs and test cases available to the Mono team.
56
80
The "
covenant
" under which Novell was granted this exclusive access also specified conditions incompatible with the
licensing
that covers most
free and open source software
. As examples, it specifically required that the software must have been "obtained directly from Novell or through an Intermediate Recipient" and that it must be "not licensed under
GPLv3
or a Similar License".
57
Some free software proponents criticized the covenant.
81
Silverlight was criticized for not living up to its cross-platform
operating system
compatibility promises, especially on Linux systems, compared to its extensive support on Apple and Microsoft desktops for Internet Explorer, Firefox, and Chrome. Although Microsoft was officially collaborating on the Moonlight project,
Bruce Chizen
, CEO of
Adobe Systems
, which sells the competing proprietary Flash platform, questioned "the commitment of Microsoft to keep the Silverlight platform compatible with other OS besides
Windows
".
82
His concerns are based on "examples from history" where he said that Microsoft had launched products with promises of ongoing cross-platform compatibility that no longer apply, for example
Internet Explorer for UNIX
and
Windows Media Player for Mac
Relationship to existing web standards
edit
In 2007, California and several other U.S. states asked a district judge to extend most of Microsoft's
antitrust case
settlement for another five years,
83
citing "a number of concerns, including the fear that Microsoft could use the
next version of Windows
to 'tilt the playing field' toward Silverlight, its new
Adobe Flash
competitor," says a
Seattle Post-Intelligencer
article. The final judgment on the motion extended the settlement two years, to November 2009, but for reasons unrelated to Silverlight.
84
Version history
edit
Main article:
Microsoft Silverlight version history
Silverlight 1
– Silverlight 1, developed under the codename
Windows Presentation Foundation/Everywhere (WPF/E
85
86
was released in 2007. It consisted of the core presentation framework, which is responsible for the
user interface
(UI), interactivity and user input, basic UI controls, graphics and animation, media playback,
Digital rights management
(DRM), and
DOM
integration.
Silverlight 2
– Included a version of the
.NET Framework
and implemented the same full
Common Language Runtime
(CLR) version as .NET Framework 3.0, so it can execute programs written in any .NET language.
Silverlight 3
– Silverlight 3 was announced on September 12, 2008, and unveiled at
MIX09
in
Las Vegas
on March 18, 2009.
87
A beta version was made available for download the same day. The final version was released July 9, 2009. Silverlight 3 included more controls
88
—including
DataGrid
TreeView
, various layout panels,
DataForm
for forms-driven applications and
DataPager
for viewing paginated data.
Silverlight 4
– On November 18, 2009, at the
Professional Developers Conference
in Los Angeles, Microsoft Corporation unveiled a
Beta
version of Silverlight 4.
89
The final version was released on April 15, 2010 (along with
Silverlight 4 tools for developers
). New features in Silverlight 4 include: support for
Google's Chrome
browser, webcam and microphone, printing, more mouse support, new notification support to send messages to users, new and enhanced controls (e.g., RichTextBox, DataGrid), theming of controls, rendering HTML, better localization, etc.
Silverlight 5
– The final version was made available to download on December 9, 2011.
90
New features included GPU-accelerated video decoding, 3D graphics, playback speed controls, remote control, and 64-bit support.
90
See also
edit
Adobe Flash
Adobe Flash Player
Adobe AIR
Microsoft XNA
XAML Browser Applications
(XBAP)
Java applet
OpenSilver
Notes
edit
Firefox 52 ESR is the last version supported on Windows XP and Vista.
52
53
In contrast to normal Firefox 52, Silverlight is still supported in Firefox 52 ESR.
44
References
edit
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January 15,
2019
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2010
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Cool Stuff – A Channel 9 Blog
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November 4,
2010
permanent dead link
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2016
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2021
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October 1,
2018
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2026
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2017
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2007
{{
cite web
}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
link
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. September 5, 2007. Archived from
the original
on September 7, 2007
. Retrieved
September 5,
2007
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September 5,
2007
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Microsoft
. September 28, 2007
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March 8,
2008
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"Microsoft/Novell Collaboration on Silverlight"
Miguel de Icaza
. September 5, 2007
. Retrieved
November 9,
2008
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May 9,
2021
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on May 20, 2013
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2021
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Arch Linux Wiki
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2018
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ISSN
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2008
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2011
Version 1.0; Applies To: Windows® Phone 7
"What's New in Silverlight for Windows Phone"
MSDN
. Microsoft Corporation
. Retrieved
August 26,
2011
Silverlight for Windows Phone OS 7.1 is based on Silverlight 4. That means if you create a new Silverlight for Windows Phone application that targets Windows Phone OS 7.1, you can take advantage of several new features.
"Microsoft Silverlight Tools for Visual Studio"
Microsoft
. Retrieved
January 22,
2009
Parker, Nigel.
"MIX07 Your Product is a feature of the Web!"
. Retrieved
June 8,
2007
"Eclipse for Silverlight"
. Retrieved
October 14,
2008
Montalbano, Elizabeth.
"Microsoft Goes Open Source?"
. Archived from
the original
on April 30, 2007
. Retrieved
April 29,
2007
Clarke, Gavin.
"Silverlight glow dimmed by cross-platform concerns"
The Register
. Retrieved
May 5,
2007
"Sample Source Code for Silverlight 2 Runtime and SDK Controls"
Microsoft
Markoff, John (August 11, 2008).
"Microsoft leveraging Silverlight and riling critics"
International Herald Tribune
. Archived from
the original
on September 11, 2008
. Retrieved
January 11,
2009
Others take a darker view of Microsoft's intentions and argue that Silverlight is simply a rehash of the company's 1990s-era "embrace and extend" strategy for pre-empting Web competition. "They're still playing the same games," said Michael Nelson, professor of internet studies at Georgetown University. "It's a way to lock up the content, and it's not enabling as much innovation as we would like to see."
Meyer, David (April 30, 2008).
"Mozilla warns of Flash and Silverlight 'agenda'
ZDNet
. Archived from
the original
on December 27, 2008
. Retrieved
January 11,
2009
Companies building websites should beware of proprietary rich-media technologies like Adobe's Flash and Microsoft's Silverlight, the founder of Mozilla Europe has warned.
"Adobe SWF file format specification"
(PDF)
. Retrieved
December 11,
2011
"Adobe FLV file format specification"
(PDF)
Adobe Systems Inc
. Archived from
the original
(PDF)
on May 31, 2010
. Retrieved
December 11,
2011
"Microsoft Open Specification Promise"
Microsoft
. Retrieved
December 11,
2011
"Microsoft ASF specification"
Microsoft
. Retrieved
December 11,
2011
"Mono Moonlight"
. Mono Project
. Retrieved
June 22,
2008
Miguel de Icaza
(May 29, 2012).
"Moonlight development discontinued"
. InfoQ.com
. Retrieved
June 4,
2012
Miguel de Icaza
(March 3, 2008).
"Pre-Mix 08: Moonlight Updates"
. Retrieved
March 8,
2008
Jones, Pamela (May 28, 2008).
"Shining Some Light on Microsoft's Moonlight Covenant"
. Groklaw. Archived from the original on May 5, 2010
. Retrieved
August 25,
2008
Moonlight is safe from threat only if you get it from Novell AND DO NOT PASS IT ON, as there are no protections for downstream recipients...Unless those downstream recipients get it from an 'Intermediate Recipient' defined to only include authorized resellers...It's like walking into a store and saying "I'm only going to pay half of the amount I owe and I hereby disclaim my duty to pay full price." You can try that, but the law supersedes whatever intent or desire you've expressed. At minimum, this shows how clearly they DO NOT want to coexist with GPL'd code.
Chhabra, Gautam (April 20, 2007).
"Adobe CEO questions Microsoft Silverlight cross-platform commitment"
. Java Entrepreneur. Archived from
the original
on December 20, 2007
. Retrieved
December 6,
2007
Bishop, Todd (October 17, 2007).
"Antitrust filing cites Microsoft Silverlight concern"
. Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Archived from
the original
on May 14, 2008
. Retrieved
December 6,
2007
"Anitrust motion Executive Summary"
(PDF)
. Archived from
the original
(PDF)
on September 11, 2008
. Retrieved
September 7,
2008
"Avalon marks the end of the American Dream" · 80%"
kexugit (April 16, 2007).
"Introducing Microsoft Silverlight"
learn.microsoft.com
. Retrieved
May 23,
2024
Fried, Ina.
"Microsoft hopes users see the (Silver) light"
. Retrieved
June 18,
2013
{{
cite web
}}
: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (
link
Heuer, Tim (March 18, 2009).
"A guide to Silverlight 3 new features"
. Retrieved
March 23,
2009
"Silverlight 4 Beta What's New"
. Archived from
the original
on February 21, 2010
. Retrieved
January 21,
2010
"Silverlight 5 has released! The docs are up and a .chm is available"
MSDN blogs
. Microsoft Corporation. December 9, 2011
. Retrieved
December 11,
2011
External links
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