New Hampshire - Wikipedia

New Hampshire - Wikipedia
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Coordinates
43°30′N
71°30′W
 / 
43.5°N 71.5°W
 /
43.5; -71.5
 (
State of New Hampshire
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
U.S. state
This article is about the U.S. state. For other uses, see
New Hampshire (disambiguation)
State in the United States
New Hampshire
State
Flag
Seal
Nicknames
Granite State
White Mountain State
Motto
Live Free or Die
Anthem:
Old New Hampshire
Location of New Hampshire within the United States
Country
United States
Before statehood
Province of New Hampshire
Admitted to the Union
June 21, 1788 (9th)
Capital
Concord
Largest city
Manchester
Largest county or equivalent
Hillsborough
Largest metro
and
urban
areas
Greater Boston
(combined and metro)
Nashua
(urban)
Government
Governor
Kelly Ayotte
Senate President
Sharon Carson
(R)
Legislature
General Court
Upper house
Senate
Lower house
House of Representatives
Judiciary
New Hampshire Supreme Court
U.S. senators
Jeanne Shaheen
Maggie Hassan
(D)
U.S. House delegation
Chris Pappas
(D)
Maggie Goodlander
(D)
list
Area
• Total
9,350 sq mi (24,216 km
• Land
8,950 sq mi (23,190 km
• Water
396 sq mi (1,026 km
)  4.2%
• Rank
46th
Dimensions
• Length
190 mi (305 km)
• Width
68 mi (110 km)
Elevation
980 ft (300 m)
Highest elevation
Mount Washington
10
11
6,288.3 ft (1,916.66 m)
Lowest elevation
(Atlantic Ocean
11
0 ft (0 m)
Population
(2025)
• Total
1,415,342
• Rank
41st
• Rank
21st
Median household income
$96,800 (2
23)
• Income rank
4th
Demonyms
New Hampshirite
Granite Stater
Language
Official language
(French allowed for official business with Quebec; other languages allowed for certain specific uses)
Time zone
UTC−05:00
Eastern
• Summer (
DST
UTC−04:00
EDT
USPS abbreviation
NH
ISO 3166 code
US-NH
Traditional abbreviation
N.H.
Latitude
42° 42′ N to 45° 18′ N
Longitude
70° 36′ W to 72° 33′ W
Website
nh
.gov
State symbols of New Hampshire
List of state symbols
Flag of New Hampshire
Seal of New Hampshire
Emblem of New Hampshire
Living insignia
Amphibian
Red-spotted newt
Notophthalmus viridescens
Bird
Purple finch
Haemorhous purpureus
Butterfly
Karner Blue
Lycaeides melissa samuelis
Dog breed
Chinook
Fish
Freshwater:
Brook trout
Salvelinus fontinalis
Saltwater:
Striped bass
Morone saxatilis
Flower
Purple lilac
Syringa vulgaris
Insect
Ladybug
Coccinellidae
Mammal
White-tailed deer
Odocoileus virginianus
Tree
White birch
Betula papyrifera
Inanimate insignia
Food
Fruit:
Pumpkin
Vegetable:
White Potato
Berry:
Blackberry
12
Gemstone
Smoky quartz
Mineral
Beryl
Rock
Granite
Sport
Skiing
Tartan
New Hampshire state tartan
State route marker
State quarter
Released in 2000
Lists of United States state symbols
New Hampshire
ər
HAMP
-shər
) is a
state
in the
New England
region of the
Northeastern United States
. It borders
Massachusetts
to the south,
Vermont
to
the west
Maine
and the
Gulf of Maine
to the east, and the Canadian province of
Quebec
to the north. Of the
50 U.S. states
, New Hampshire is the
seventh-smallest
by land area
13
and the
tenth-least populous
, with a population of 1,377,529 residents as of the
2020 census
14
Concord
is the
state capital
and
Manchester
is the
most populous city
. New Hampshire's
motto
, "
Live Free or Die
", reflects its role in the
American Revolutionary War
; its
nickname
, "The
Granite
State", refers to its extensive granite formations and
quarries
15
It is well known for holding
the first primary
in the
U.S. presidential election cycle
, and its resulting influence on American electoral politics.
New Hampshire was inhabited for thousands of years by
Algonquian
-speaking peoples such as the
Abenaki
. Europeans arrived in the 17th century, with the English establishing some of the earliest non-indigenous settlements. The
Province of New Hampshire
was established in 1629, named after the
county
of
Hampshire
16
Up to the time of the
French and Indian War
, New Hampshire was on the frontier of British territory and saw action against the French and their Indian allies. Following tensions between
the British colonies
and the crown in the 1760s, New Hampshire saw one of the earliest acts of rebellion, with the seizing of
Fort William and Mary
from the British in 1774. In 1776, it became the first of the British North American
colonies
to establish an independent government and state constitution. It signed the
United States Declaration of Independence
and
contributed troops, ships, and supplies
in the war against
Britain
. In 1788, it was the 9th state to ratify the
U.S. Constitution
, bringing it into effect. Through the mid-19th century, New Hampshire was an active center of
abolitionism
, and fielded close to 32,000
Union soldiers
during the
U.S. Civil War
. Afterwards the state saw rapid industrialization and population growth, becoming a center of
textile manufacturing
shoemaking
, and
papermaking
; the
Amoskeag Manufacturing Company
in Manchester was the largest cotton textile plant in the world.
French Canadians
formed the most significant influx of immigrants, and a quarter of New Hampshire residents have
French American
ancestry.
Reflecting a nationwide trend, New Hampshire's industrial sector declined after World War II. Since 1950, its economy has diversified to include financial services, real estate, education, transportation and high-tech, with manufacturing still higher than the US average.
17
Its population surged as highways connected it to
Greater Boston
and led to more
commuter towns
. New Hampshire is among the wealthiest and most-educated states, tying Massachusetts for the highest
Human Development
in the nation.
18
19
It is one of nine states without an income tax and has no taxes on sales, capital gains, or inheritance while relying heavily on local property taxes to fund education; consequently, its state
tax burden
is among the lowest in the country. New Hampshire is one of the
least religious states
and known for its
libertarian
-leaning political culture; it is one of the least liberal states in
New England
20
The New Hampshire Republican Party has held a trifecta majority in state level government since 2017, with the exception of 2019 and 2020, while the Democratic Party has held a majority on federal level representation in Congress. New Hampshire is the only state to have a woman as governor and women as both U.S. senators.
21
With its mountainous and heavily forested terrain, New Hampshire has a growing tourism sector centered on recreation. It has some of the
highest ski mountains on the East Coast
and is a major destination for winter sports;
Mount Monadnock
is among the most climbed mountains in the world. Other activities include
observing the fall foliage
, summer cottages along lakes and the seacoast, motorsports at the
New Hampshire Motor Speedway
in
Loudon
, and
Motorcycle Week
, a motorcycle rally held in
Weirs Beach
in
Laconia
. The
White Mountain National Forest
includes most of the
Appalachian Trail
between Vermont and Maine, and has the
Mount Washington Auto Road
, where visitors may drive to the top of 6,288-foot (1,917 m)
Mount Washington
History
edit
Main article:
History of New Hampshire
The historical coat of arms of New Hampshire, from 1876
Various
Algonquian
-speaking
Abenaki
tribes, largely divided between the
Androscoggin
Cowasuck
and
Pennacook
nations, inhabited the area before European colonization.
22
Despite the similar language, they had a very different culture and religion from other Algonquian peoples.
Indigenous people lived near
Keene, New Hampshire
12,000 years ago, according to 2009 archaeological digs,
23
and the Abenaki were present in New Hampshire in pre-colonial times.
24
English and French explorers visited New Hampshire in 1600–1605, and
David Thompson
settled at
Odiorne's Point
in present-day
Rye
in 1623. The first permanent European settlement was at Hilton's Point (present-day
Dover
). By 1631, the Upper Plantation comprised modern-day Dover,
Durham
and
Stratham
; in 1679, it became the "
Royal Province
". Southern New Hampshire was on the front lines during
King William's War
during which both
Dover
and
Durham
were burned in 1689 and 1692, respectively.
Father Rale's War
was fought between the colonists and the
Wabanaki Confederacy
throughout New Hampshire.
The
Strawbery Banke
Museum in Portsmouth, New Hampshire includes 37 restored buildings dating from the 17th through 19th centuries.
New Hampshire was one of the
Thirteen Colonies
that rebelled against British rule during the
American Revolution
. During the American Revolution, New Hampshire was economically divided. The Seacoast region revolved around sawmills, shipyards, merchants' warehouses, and established village and town centers, where wealthy merchants built substantial homes, furnished them with luxuries, and invested their capital in trade and land speculation. At the other end of the social scale, there developed a permanent class of day laborers, mariners, indentured servants and slaves.
Illustration showing the site of the first house in New Hampshire; present day location of the
Wentworth–Coolidge Mansion
In December 1774,
Paul Revere
warned Patriots that
Fort William and Mary
would be reinforced with British troops. The following day,
John Sullivan
raided the fort for weapons. During the raid, the British soldiers fired at rebels with cannon and muskets, but there were apparently no casualties. These were among the first shots in the American Revolutionary period, occurring approximately five months before the
Battles of Lexington and Concord
. On January 5, 1776, New Hampshire became the first colony to declare independence from Great Britain, almost six months before the Declaration of Independence was signed by the Continental Congress.
25
Josiah Bartlett
, signer of the
Declaration of Independence
and the
Articles of Confederation
, was the first governor of New Hampshire.
His house
in
Kingston, New Hampshire
still stands.
The
United States Constitution
was ratified by New Hampshire on June 21, 1788, when New Hampshire became the ninth state to do so.
26
New Hampshire was a Jacksonian stronghold; the state sent
Franklin Pierce
to the White House in the election of 1852. Industrialization took the form of numerous textile mills, which in turn attracted large flows of
immigrants
from Quebec (the "French Canadians") and
Ireland
. The northern parts of the state produced lumber, and the mountains provided tourist attractions. After 1960, the textile industry collapsed, but the economy rebounded as a center of high technology and as a service provider.
Starting in 1952, New Hampshire gained national and international attention for its
presidential primary
held early in every presidential election year. It immediately became an important testing ground for candidates for the Republican and Democratic nominations but did not necessarily guarantee victory.
27
The media gave New Hampshire and
Iowa
significant attention compared to other states in the primary process, magnifying the state's decision powers and spurring repeated efforts by out-of-state politicians to change the rules.
28
Geography
edit
Further information:
List of counties in New Hampshire
List of mountains in New Hampshire
List of lakes in New Hampshire
List of rivers in New Hampshire
, and
Geology of New Hampshire
Map of New Hampshire, with roads, rivers, and major cities
Shaded relief map of New Hampshire
Mount Washington
, part of the
Presidential Range
. The highest point in the
northeastern United States
, it holds the record for the fastest
wind speed
ever recorded by a staffed
weather station
- 231 miles per hour.
Lake Winnipesaukee
and the
Ossipee Mountains
New Hampshire is part of the six-state
New England
region of the
Northeastern United States
. It is bounded by Quebec, Canada, to the north and northwest; Maine
29
and the Gulf of Maine to the east; Massachusetts to the south;
30
and Vermont to the west.
31
New Hampshire's major regions are the
Great North Woods
, the
White Mountains
, the
Lakes Region
, the
Seacoast
, the
Merrimack Valley
, the
Monadnock Region
, and the
Dartmouth-Lake Sunapee
area. New Hampshire has the shortest ocean coastline of any U.S. coastal state, with a length of 18 miles (29 km),
32
sometimes measured as only 13 miles (21 km).
33
The
White Mountains range
in New Hampshire spans the north-central portion of the state. The range includes
Mount Washington
, the tallest in the northeastern U.S.—site of the second-highest wind speed ever recorded—
34
as well as
Mount Adams
and
Mount Jefferson
. With hurricane-force winds every third day on average, more than a hundred recorded deaths among visitors, and conspicuous
krumholtz
(dwarf, matted trees much like a carpet of
bonsai
trees), the climate on the upper reaches of Mount Washington has inspired the weather observatory on the peak to claim that the area has the "World's Worst Weather".
35
The White Mountains were home to the rock formation called the
Old Man of the Mountain
, a face-like profile in
Franconia Notch
, until the formation disintegrated in May 2003. Even after its loss, the Old Man remains an enduring symbol for the state, seen on state highway signs, automobile license plates, and many government and private entities around New Hampshire.
In southwestern New Hampshire, the landmark
Mount Monadnock
has given its name to a class of earth-forms—a
monadnock
—signifying, in geomorphology, any isolated resistant peak rising from a less resistant eroded plain.
New Hampshire has more than 800 lakes and ponds, and approximately 19,000 miles (31,000 km) of rivers and streams.
36
Major rivers include the 110-mile (177 km)
Merrimack River
, which bisects the lower half of the state north–south before passing into Massachusetts and reaching the sea in
Newburyport
. Its tributaries include the
Contoocook River
Pemigewasset River
, and
Winnipesaukee River
. The 410-mile (660 km)
Connecticut River
, which starts at New Hampshire's
Connecticut Lakes
and flows south to
Connecticut
, defines the western border with Vermont. The state border is not in the center of that river, as is usually the case, but at the low-water mark on the Vermont side; meaning the entire river along the Vermont border (save for areas where the water level has been raised by a dam) lies within New Hampshire.
37
Only one town—
Pittsburg
—shares a land border with the state of Vermont. The "northwesternmost headwaters" of the Connecticut also define part of the Canada–U.S. border.
The
Piscataqua River
and its several
tributaries
form the state's only significant ocean port where they flow into the Atlantic at
Portsmouth
. The
Salmon Falls River
and the Piscataqua define the southern portion of the border with Maine. The Piscataqua River boundary was the subject of a
border dispute
between New Hampshire and Maine in 2001, with New Hampshire claiming dominion over several islands (primarily
Seavey's Island
) that include the
Portsmouth Naval Shipyard
. The
U.S. Supreme Court
dismissed the case in 2002, leaving ownership of the island with Maine. New Hampshire still claims sovereignty of the base, however.
38
The largest of
New Hampshire's lakes
is
Lake Winnipesaukee
, which covers 71 square miles (184 km
) in the east-central part of New Hampshire.
Umbagog Lake
along the Maine border, approximately 12.3 square miles (31.9 km
), is a distant second.
Squam Lake
is the second largest lake entirely in New Hampshire.
New Hampshire has the
shortest ocean coastline
of any state in the United States, approximately 18 miles (29 km) long.
39
Hampton Beach
is a popular local summer destination. About 7 miles (11 km) offshore are the
Isles of Shoals
, nine small islands (four of which are in New Hampshire) known as the site of a 19th-century art colony founded by poet
Celia Thaxter
, and the alleged location of one of the buried treasures of the pirate
Blackbeard
It is the state with the highest percentage of timberland area in the country.
40
New Hampshire is in the
temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
biome
. Much of the state, in particular the White Mountains, is covered by the
conifers
and
northern hardwoods
of the
New England-Acadian forests
. The southeast corner of the state and parts of the Connecticut River along the Vermont border are covered by the mixed
oaks
of the
Northeastern coastal forests
41
The state's numerous forests are popular among autumnal
leaf peepers
seeking the brilliant foliage of the numerous
deciduous trees
The northern third of the state is locally referred to as the "north country" or "north of the notches", in reference to the White Mountain
passes
that channel traffic. It contains less than 5% of the state's population, suffers relatively high poverty, and is steadily losing population as the logging and paper industries decline. However, the tourist industry, in particular visitors who go to northern New Hampshire to
ski
snowboard
hike
and
mountain bike
, has helped offset economic losses from mill closures.
Environmental protection emerged as a key state issue in the early 1900s in response to poor logging practices. In the 1970s, activists defeated a proposal to build an oil refinery along the coast and limited plans for a full-width interstate highway through
Franconia Notch
to a parkway.
42
43
Winter season lengths are projected to decline at ski areas across New Hampshire due to the
effects of climate change
, which is likely to continue the historic contraction and consolidation of the ski industry and threaten individual ski businesses and communities that rely on ski tourism.
44
Flora and fauna
edit
The Old Man of the Mountain
, a rock formation that became a symbol of New Hampshire; it fell in 2003, but is still used on
state license plates
, route markers, and the
State Quarter
See also:
List of birds of New Hampshire
Black bears
white-tailed deer
, and
moose
can be found all over New Hampshire. There are also less-common animals such as the
marten
and the
Canadian lynx
45
Climate
edit
New Hampshire experiences a
humid continental climate
Köppen climate classification
Dfa
in some southern areas,
Dfb
in most of the state, and
Dfc
subarctic in some northern highland areas), with warm, humid summers, and long, cold, and snowy winters. Precipitation is fairly evenly distributed all year. The climate of the southeastern portion is moderated by the
Atlantic Ocean
and averages relatively milder winters (for New Hampshire), while the northern and interior portions experience colder temperatures and lower humidity. Winters are cold and snowy throughout the state, and especially severe in the northern and mountainous areas. Average annual snowfall ranges from 60 inches (150 cm) to over 100 inches (250 cm) across the state.
46
Average daytime highs are in the mid 70s°F to low 80s°F (24–28 °C) throughout the state in July, with overnight lows in the mid 50s°F to low 60s°F (13–15 °C). January temperatures range from an average high of 34 °F (1 °C) on the coast to overnight lows below 0 °F (−18 °C) in the far north and at high elevations. Average annual precipitation statewide is roughly 40 inches (100 cm) with some variation occurring in the
White Mountains
due to differences in elevation and annual snowfall. New Hampshire's highest recorded temperature was 106 °F (41 °C) in
Nashua
on July 4, 1911, while the lowest recorded temperature was −47 °F (−44 °C) atop
Mount Washington
on January 29, 1934. Mount Washington also saw an unofficial −50 °F (−46 °C) reading on January 22, 1885, which, if made official, would tie the record low for New England (also −50 °F (−46 °C) at
Big Black River
, Maine, on January 16, 2009, and
Bloomfield, Vermont
on December 30, 1933).
Extreme snow is often associated with a
nor'easter
, such as the
Blizzard of '78
and the
Blizzard of 1993
, when several feet accumulated across portions of the state over 24 to 48 hours. Lighter snowfalls of several inches occur frequently throughout winter, often associated with an
Alberta Clipper
New Hampshire, on occasion, is affected by
hurricanes
and tropical storms—although, by the time they reach the state, they are often
extratropical
—with most storms striking the southern New England coastline and moving inland or passing by offshore in the
Gulf of Maine
. Most of New Hampshire averages fewer than 20 days of thunderstorms per year and an average of two tornadoes occur annually statewide.
47
The
National Arbor Day Foundation
plant
hardiness zone
map depicts zones 3, 4, 5, and
6 occurring throughout the state
48
and indicates the transition from a relatively cooler to warmer climate as one travels southward across New Hampshire. The 1990
USDA
plant
hardiness zones
for New Hampshire range from zone 3b in the north to zone 5b in the south.
49
Average daily maximum and minimum temperatures for selected cities in New Hampshire
50
Location
July (°F)
July (°C)
January (°F)
January (°C)
Manchester
82/64
28/17
33/15
0/−9
Nashua
82/59
28/15
33/12
0/−11
Concord
82/57
28/14
30/10
−1/−12
Portsmouth
79/61
26/16
32/16
0/−9
Keene
82/56
28/13
31/9
−1/−12
Laconia
81/60
27/16
30/11
−1/−11
Lebanon
82/58
28/14
30/8
−1/−13
Berlin
78/55
26/13
27/5
–3/–15
Metropolitan areas
edit
For a more comprehensive list, see
List of cities and towns in New Hampshire
Downtown
Manchester
Metropolitan areas in the New England region are defined by the
U.S. Census Bureau
as
New England City and Town Areas
(NECTAs). The following is a list of NECTAs fully or partially in New Hampshire:
51
52
Berlin
Boston
Cambridge
Nashua
Haverhill
Newburyport
Amesbury Town
NECTA Division
Lawrence
Methuen Town
Salem
NECTA Division
Lowell
Billerica
Chelmsford
NECTA Division
Nashua
NECTA Division
Claremont
Concord
Dover
Durham
Franklin
Keene
Laconia
Lebanon
Manchester
Portsmouth
Demographics
edit
New Hampshire
population pyramid
Historical population
Census
Pop.
Note
%±
1790
141,885
1800
183,858
29.6%
1810
214,460
16.6%
1820
244,155
13.8%
1830
269,328
10.3%
1840
284,574
5.7%
1850
317,976
11.7%
1860
326,073
2.5%
1870
318,300
−2.4%
1880
346,991
9.0%
1890
376,530
8.5%
1900
411,588
9.3%
1910
430,572
4.6%
1920
443,083
2.9%
1930
465,293
5.0%
1940
491,524
5.6%
1950
533,242
8.5%
1960
606,921
13.8%
1970
737,681
21.5%
1980
920,610
24.8%
1990
1,109,252
20.5%
2000
1,235,786
11.4%
2010
1,316,470
6.5%
2020
1,377,529
4.6%
2025 (est.)
1,415,342
2.7%
Source: 1910–2020
53
54
Population
edit
Population density by census tract
As of the
2020 census
, the resident population of New Hampshire was 1,377,529,
53
a 4.6% increase since the
2010 United States census
. The
center of population
of New Hampshire is in
Merrimack County
, in the town of
Pembroke
55
The center of population has moved south 12 miles (19 km) since 1950,
56
a reflection of the fact that the state's fastest growth has been along its southern border, which is within commuting range of Boston and other Massachusetts cities.
As indicated in the census, in 2020 88.3% of the population were
White
; 1.5% were
Black or African American
; 0.2% were
Native American
or Alaskan Native; 2.6% were
Asian
; 0.0% were
Native Hawaiian
or other
Pacific Islander
; 1.7% were some other race; and 5.6% were
two or more races
. 4.3% of the total population were
Hispanic or Latino
of any race. 18.6% of the population were under 18 years of age; 19.3% were 65 years and over. The female population was 50.5%.
57
The most densely populated areas generally lie within 50 miles (80 km) of the Massachusetts border, and are concentrated in two areas: along the
Merrimack River Valley
running from
Concord
to
Nashua
, and in the
Seacoast Region
along an axis stretching from
Rochester
to
Portsmouth
. Outside of those two regions, only one community, the city of
Keene
, has a population of over 20,000. The four counties covering these two areas account for 72% of the state population, and one (
Hillsborough
) has nearly 30% of the state population, as well as the two most populous communities, Manchester and Nashua. The northern portion of the state is very sparsely populated: the largest county by area,
Coos
, covers the northern one-fourth of the state and has only around 31,000 people, about a third of whom live in a single community (
Berlin
). Over the past several decades, New Hampshire's population has shifted southward as northern communities faced economic decline while southern regions were increasingly integrated into the
Greater Boston
metropolitan area.
Largest reported ancestry groups in New Hampshire by town as of 2013. Dark purple indicates Irish, light purple English, pink French, turquoise French Canadian, dark blue Italian, and light blue German. Gray indicates townships with no reported data.
As of the
2010 census
, the population of New Hampshire was 1,316,470. The gender makeup of the state at that time was 49.3% male and 50.7% female. 21.8% of the population were under the age of 18; 64.6% were between the ages of 18 and 64; and 13.5% were 65 years of age or older.
58
Additionally, about 57.3% of the population was born out of state.
59
According to
HUD
's 2022
Annual Homeless Assessment Report
, there were an estimated 1,605
homeless
people in New Hampshire.
60
61
New Hampshire racial composition of population
Racial composition
1990
62
2000
63
2010
58
2020
57
White
98.0%
96.0%
93.9%
88.3%
Black or African American
0.6%
0.7%
1.1%
1.5%
American Indian and Alaska Native
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
Asian
0.8%
1.3%
2.2%
2.6%
Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander
0.0%
0.0%
Other race
0.3%
0.6%
0.9%
1.7%
Two or more races
1.1%
1.6%
5.6%
Hispanic or Latino
(of any race)
1.0%
1.7%
2.8%
4.3%
New Hampshire – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity
NH = Non-Hispanic
Pop 2000
64
Pop 2010
65
Pop 2020
66
% 2000
% 2010
% 2020
White
alone (NH)
1,175,252
1,215,050
1,200,649
95.10%
92.30%
87.16%
Black or African American
alone (NH)
8,354
13,625
18,655
0.68%
1.03%
1.35%
Native American
or
Alaska Native
alone (NH)
2,698
2,693
2,299
0.22%
0.20%
0.17%
Asian
alone (NH)
15,803
28,241
35,604
1.28%
2.15%
2.58%
Pacific Islander
alone (NH)
330
329
388
0.03%
0.02%
0.03%
Other race
alone (NH)
1,254
1,803
5,916
0.10%
0.14%
0.43%
Mixed race or Multiracial
(NH)
11,606
18,025
54,564
0.94%
1.37%
3.96%
Hispanic or Latino
(any race)
20,489
36,704
59,454
1.66%
2.79%
4.32%
Total
1,235,786
1,316,470
1,377,529
100.00%
100.00%
100.00%
Hispanic or Latino
of any race were 2.8% of the population in 2010: 0.6% were of
Mexican
, 0.9%
Puerto Rican
, 0.1%
Cuban
, and 1.2% other Hispanic or Latino origin. As of 2020, the
Hispanic or Latino
population was counted as 4.3%.
57
The Native American/Alaska native population is listed as 0.3% in the 2020 census, but may be higher.
67
According to the 2012–2017
American Community Survey
, the largest ancestry groups in the state were
Irish
(20.6%),
(16.5%),
French
(14.0%),
Italian
(10.4%),
German
(9.1%),
French Canadian
(8.9%), and
American
(4.8%).
68
New Hampshire has the highest percentage (22.9%) of residents with French/
French Canadian
/Acadian ancestry of any U.S. state.
68
In 2018, the top countries of origin for New Hampshire's immigrants were
India
Canada
China
Nepal
and the
Dominican Republic
69
According to the Census Bureau's
American Community Survey
estimates from 2017, 2.1% of the population aged
5 and older speak
Spanish
at home, while 1.8% speak
French
70
In
Coös County
, 9.6% of the population speaks French at home,
71
down from 16% in 2000.
72
In the city of
Nashua
, Hillsborough County, 8.02% of the population speaks Spanish at home.
73
Demographics of the top five municipalities by population
74
75
Manchester
Nashua
Concord
Derry
Dover
Population, Census (2020)
115,644
91,322
43,976
34,317
32,741
Population, Census (2010)
109,565
86,494
42,695
33,109
29,987
Population change (April 1, 2010, to April 1, 2020)
5.5%
5.6%
3.0%
3.6%
9.2%
Age and sex
(2020)
Persons under 5 years
5.3%
5.0%
4.2%
5.0%
4.6%
Persons under 18 years
18.7%
19.2%
17.2%
20.6%
18.1%
Persons 65 years and over
14.9%
16.7%
19.1%
14.2%
16.8%
Female persons
50.1%
50.4%
49.8%
50.4%
50.8%
Race and ethnicity
(2020)
White
76.7%
73.1%
85.4%
89.3%
85.7%
Non-Hispanic White
74.0%
70.3%
84.5%
88.1%
84.9%
Hispanic or Latino
11.8%
13.9%
3.1%
4.6%
3.2%
Black or African American
5.5%
3.0%
3.8%
1.2%
1.7%
American Indian and Alaska Native
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
0.1%
0.2%
Asian
4.2%
7.8%
4.1%
1.6%
5.5%
Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander
Two or more races
7.9%
9.0%
5.2%
6.0%
5.6%
Population characteristics
(2017–2022)
Veterans
6,212
5,103
2,885
2,256
1,569
Foreign-born persons
14.9%
15.8%
8.2%
4.8%
5.8%
Birth data
edit
Note: Percentages in the table do not add up to 100, because Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race, giving a higher overall number.
Live Births by Single Race/Ethnicity of Mother
Race
2013
76
2018
77
2023
78
Non-Hispanic White
11,064 (89.2%)
10,317 (86.0%)
10,094 (84.6%)
Asian
485 (3.9%)
472 (3.9%)
411 (3.4%)
Black
316 (2.5%)
241 (2.0%)
304 (2.5%)
American Indian
25 (0.2%)
13 (0.1%)
10 (0.1%)
Hispanic
(any race)
513
(4.1%)
745
(6.2%)
889
(7.4%)
Total New Hampshire
12,396
(100%)
11,995
(100%)
11,936
(100%)
Since 2016, data for births of
White Hispanic
origin are not collected, but included in one
Hispanic
group; persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
In 2022, New Hampshire had the lowest teen birth rate of any state, at 4.6 births per 1,000 females ages 15 to 19 years of age.
79
Religion
edit
Religion in New Hampshire according to
PRRI American Values Atlas
(2021)
80
Unaffiliated
(40.0%)
Catholicism
(30.0%)
Protestantism
(23.0%)
Unitarian
Universalist
(2.00%)
Jehovah's Witnesses
(1.00%)
Judaism
(2.00%)
Other (2.00%)
A Pew survey in 2014 showed that the religious affiliations of the people of New Hampshire was as follows:
nonreligious
36%,
Protestant
30%,
Catholic
26%, Jehovah's Witness 2%,
LDS
Mormon
) 1%, and Jewish 1%.
81
A survey suggests people in New Hampshire and Vermont
are less likely than other Americans to attend weekly services and only 54% say they are "absolutely certain there is a God" compared to 71% in the rest of the nation.
82
New Hampshire and Vermont are also at the lowest levels among states in religious commitment. In 2012, 23% of New Hampshire residents in a Gallup poll considered themselves "very religious", while 52% considered themselves "non-religious".
83
According to the
Association of Religion Data Archives
(ARDA) in 2010, the largest denominations were the
Catholic Church
with 311,028 members; the
United Church of Christ
with 26,321 members; and the
United Methodist Church
with 18,029 members.
84
In 2016, a Gallup Poll found that New Hampshire was the least religious state in the United States. Only 20% of respondents in New Hampshire categorized themselves as "very religious", while the nationwide average was 40%.
85
According to the 2020
Public Religion Research Institute
study, 64% of the population was Christian, dominated by Roman Catholicism and
evangelical Protestantism
86
In contrast with varying studies of estimated irreligiosity, the Public Religion Research Institute reported that irreligion declined from 36% at the separate 2014 Pew survey to 25% of the population in 2020. In 2021, the unaffiliated increased to 40% of the population, although Christianity altogether made up 54% of the total population (Catholics, Protestants, and Jehovah's Witnesses).
Economy
edit
Further information:
New Hampshire locations by per capita income
and
List of power stations in New Hampshire
Farmers' market
of
Mack's Apples
Total employment : 628,166
87
Number of employer establishments: 39,298
88
The
Bureau of Economic Analysis
estimates that New Hampshire's
total state product
in 2018 was $86
billion, ranking 40th in the United States.
89
Median household income
in 2017 was $74,801, the fourth highest in the country (including
Washington, DC
).
90
Its agricultural outputs are dairy products, nursery stock, cattle, apples and eggs. Its industrial outputs are machinery, electric equipment, rubber and plastic products, and tourism is a major component of the economy.
91
New Hampshire experienced a major shift in its economic base during the 20th century. Historically, the base was composed of traditional New England textiles, shoemaking, and small machine shops, drawing upon low-wage labor from nearby small farms and parts of Quebec. Today, of the state's total manufacturing dollar value, these sectors contribute only two percent for textiles, two percent for leather goods, and nine percent for machining.
92
They experienced a sharp decline due to obsolete plants and the lure of cheaper wages in the
Southern United States
New Hampshire today has a broad-based and growing economy, with a state GDP growth rate of 2.8% in 2024.
93
The state's largest economic sectors in 2018, based on contribution to GDP, are: 15% real estate and rental and leasing; 13%
professional business services
; 12% manufacturing; 10% government and government services; and 9% health care and social services.
94
Small businesses make up 99.0% of businesses in the state and employ 50.3% of its work force.
95
The state's
budget
in FY2018 was $5.97
billion, including $1.79
billion in federal funds.
96
The state has a
property tax
(subject to municipal control) but no
sales
or
income
tax. The state does have narrower taxes on meals, lodging, vehicles, and business income; it has tolls on some expressways. In 2025, the state was ranked third-best on the Tax Competitiveness Index
97
created by the
Tax Foundation
According to the
Energy Information Administration
, New Hampshire's energy consumption and per capita energy consumption are among the lowest in the country. The
Seabrook Station Nuclear Power Plant
is the largest individual electrical generating unit on the New England power grid and provided 56% of New Hampshire's electricity generation in 2024.
Natural gas
accounted for around 25% of the state's electricity generation, while renewables, including
hydroelectric
power,
biomass
wind
, and
solar
supplied around 17%. Coal and petroleum sources account for around 1% of the total electricity generation in New Hampshire. New Hampshire is a net exporter of electricity and in 2024 it exported 10,913,961
megawatthours
(MWh) of electricity.
New Hampshire's residential electricity use is low compared with the national average, in part because demand for air conditioning is low during the generally mild summer months and because few households use electricity as their primary energy source for home heating. Nearly half of New Hampshire households use
fuel oil
for winter heating, which is one of the largest shares in the United States.
The (preliminary) seasonally
unemployment rate
in November 2025 was 3.0% based on a 774,900 person civilian workforce with 751,300 people in employment.
98
Largest employers
edit
In March 2018, 86% of New Hampshire's workforce were employed by the private sector, with 53% of those workers being employed by firms with fewer than 100 employees. About 14% of private-sector employees are employed by firms with more than 1,000 employees.
99
According to community surveys by the Economic & Labor Market Information Bureau of NH Employment Security, the following are the largest private employers in the state as of 2018:
100
Employer
Location (base)
Employees
Dartmouth–Hitchcock Medical Center
Lebanon
7,000
Fidelity Investments
Merrimack
6,000
BAE Systems North America
Nashua
4,700
Liberty Mutual
Dover
3,800
Elliot Hospital
Manchester
3,800
Dartmouth College
Hanover
3,500
Southern New Hampshire University
Manchester
3,200
Capital Regional Health Care
Concord
3,000
Catholic Medical Center
Manchester
2,300
Southern New Hampshire Health System
Nashua
2,200
New Hampshire's state government employs approximately 6,100 people. Additionally, the
U.S. Department of State
employs approximately 1,600 people at the
National Visa Center
and National Passport Center in Portsmouth, which process
United States immigrant visa petitions
and
United States passport
applications.
100
Law and government
edit
Main article:
Government of New Hampshire
The
New Hampshire State House
in
Concord
The governor of New Hampshire, since January 9, 2025, is Republican
Kelly Ayotte
. New Hampshire's two U.S. senators are
Jeanne Shaheen
and
Maggie Hassan
, both of whom are Democrats and former governors. New Hampshire's two U.S. representatives as of January 2025 are
Chris Pappas
and
Maggie Goodlander
, both Democrats.
New Hampshire is an
alcoholic beverage control state
, and through the
State Liquor Commission
takes in $100
million from the sale and distribution of liquor.
101
New Hampshire is the only state in the U.S. that does not require adults to wear seat belts in their vehicles. It is one of three states that have no mandatory helmet law.
Governing documents
edit
Main article:
Law of New Hampshire
The
New Hampshire State Constitution
of 1783 is the supreme law of the state, followed by the
New Hampshire Revised Statutes Annotated
and the
New Hampshire Code of Administrative Rules
. These are roughly analogous to the federal
United States Constitution
United States Code
and
Code of Federal Regulations
respectively.
Branches of government
edit
New Hampshire has a bifurcated executive branch, consisting of the governor and a five-member
executive council
which votes on state contracts worth more than $10,000 and "advises and consents" to the governor's nominations to major state positions such as department heads and all judgeships and
pardon
requests. New Hampshire does not have a
lieutenant governor
; the Senate president serves as "acting governor" whenever the governor is unable to perform the duties.
The legislature is called the
General Court
. It consists of the
House of Representatives
and the
Senate
. There are 400 representatives, making it one of the largest elected bodies in the English-speaking world,
102
and 24 senators. Legislators are paid a nominal salary of $200 per two-year term plus travel costs, the lowest in the U.S. by far. Thus most are effectively volunteers, nearly half of whom are
retirees
103
(For details, see the article on
Government of New Hampshire
.)
The state's sole appellate court is the
New Hampshire Supreme Court
. The
Superior Court
is the court of general jurisdiction and the only court which provides for jury trials in
civil
or
criminal
cases. The other state courts are the
Probate Court
District Court
, and the
Family Division
Local government
edit
New Hampshire has
10 counties
and
234 cities and towns
New Hampshire is a
"Dillon Rule"
state, meaning the state retains all powers not specifically granted to municipalities. Even so, the legislature strongly favors local control, particularly concerning land use regulations. New Hampshire municipalities are classified as
towns
or cities, which differ primarily by the form of government. Most towns generally operate on the
town meeting
form of government, where the registered voters in the town act as the town legislature, and a
board of selectmen
acts as the executive of the town. Larger towns and the state's thirteen cities operate either on a
council–manager
or
council–mayor
form of government. There is no difference, from the state government's point of view, between towns and cities besides the form of government. All state-level statutes treat all municipalities identically.
New Hampshire has a small number of
unincorporated areas
that are titled as grants, locations, purchases, or townships. These locations have limited to no self-government, and services are generally provided for them by neighboring towns or the county or state where needed. As of the 2000 census, there were 25 of these left in New Hampshire, accounting for a total population of 173 people (as of 2000
[update]
); several were entirely depopulated. All but two of these unincorporated areas are in Coös County.
Politics
edit
Main article:
Politics of New Hampshire
New Hampshire is known for its
fiscal conservatism
and
cultural liberalism
. The state's politics are cited as
libertarian
leaning.
20
It is the
least religious state
in the Union as of a 2016 Gallup poll.
85
The state has long had a great disdain for state taxation and state
bureaucracy
104
105
The
Democratic Party
and the
Republican Party
, in that order, are the two largest parties in the state. A plurality of voters are registered as undeclared, and can choose either ballot in the primary and then regain their undeclared status after voting.
106
The
Libertarian Party
had official party status from 1990 to 1996 and from 2016 to 2018. A movement known as the
Free State Project
suggests libertarians move to the state to concentrate their power. As of August 30, 2022, there were 869,863 registered voters, of whom 332,008 (38.17%) did not declare a political party affiliation, 273,921 (31.49%) were Democratic, and 263,934 (30.34%) were Republican.
107
As of 2025, the Republican Party controls the governorship, the Executive Council, and both houses of the
legislature
. However, the Democratic Party controls all four seats in the state's delegation to Congress.
New Hampshire primary
edit
Saint Anselm College
has held several national debates on campus.
The
New Hampshire primary
is the first
primary
election in the quadrennial American presidential election cycle. State law requires that the Secretary of State schedule this election at least one week before any "similar event". While the
Iowa caucus
precedes the New Hampshire primary, the New Hampshire election is the nation's first contest that uses the same procedure as the general election. It draws more attention than those in other states and shapes the national contest.
In February 2023, the Democratic National Committee awarded that party's first primary to
South Carolina
, to be held on February 3, 2024, directing New Hampshire and Nevada to vote three days later.
108
New Hampshire officials from both parties stood by the state's "first in the nation" law and ignored the DNC.
State law permits a town with fewer than 100 residents to open its polls at midnight and close when all registered citizens have cast their ballots.
Dixville Notch
in
Coos County
and
Hart's Location
in
Carroll County
, among others, have implemented these provisions. Dixville Notch and Hart's Location are thus the first precincts in both New Hampshire and the U.S. to report results in presidential primaries and elections.
Nominations for all other partisan offices are decided in a separate
primary election
. In Presidential election cycles, this is the second primary election held in New Hampshire.
Saint Anselm College
in
Goffstown
has become a popular campaign spot for politicians as well as several national presidential debates.
109
110
111
Elections
edit
Main article:
Elections in New Hampshire
Further information:
United States presidential elections in New Hampshire
Dartmouth College before a debate in 2008
In the past, New Hampshire has often voted Republican. Between 1856 and 1988, New Hampshire cast its electoral votes for the Democratic presidential ticket six times:
Woodrow Wilson
(twice),
Franklin D. Roosevelt
(three times), and
Lyndon B. Johnson
(once).
Beginning in 1992, New Hampshire became a
swing state
in national and local elections, and in that time has supported Democrats in all presidential elections except 2000. It was the only state in the country to switch from supporting Republican
George W. Bush
in the
2000 election
to supporting his Democratic challenger in the
2004 election
, when
John Kerry
, a senator from neighboring Massachusetts, won the state.
The Democrats dominated elections in New Hampshire in 2006 and 2008. In 2006, Democrats won both congressional seats (electing
Carol Shea-Porter
in the first district and
Paul Hodes
in the second), re-elected Governor
John Lynch
, and gained a majority on the Executive Council and in both houses for the first time since 1911. Democrats had not held both the legislature and the governorship since 1874.
112
Neither U.S. Senate seat was up for a vote in 2006. In 2008, Democrats retained their majorities, governorship, and Congressional seats; and former governor
Jeanne Shaheen
defeated incumbent Republican
John E. Sununu
for the U.S. Senate in a rematch of the 2002 contest.
The 2008 elections resulted in women holding a majority, 13 of the 24 seats, in the New Hampshire Senate, a first for any legislative body in the United States.
113
In the 2010 midterm elections, Republicans made historic gains in New Hampshire, capturing veto-proof majorities in the state legislature, taking all five seats in the Executive Council, electing a new U.S. senator,
Kelly Ayotte
, winning both U.S. House seats, and reducing the margin of victory of incumbent Governor
John Lynch
compared to his 2006 and 2008 landslide wins.
In the 2012 state legislative elections, Democrats took back the
New Hampshire House of Representatives
and narrowed the Republican majority in the
New Hampshire Senate
to 13–11.
114
In 2012, New Hampshire became the first state in U.S. history to elect an all-female federal delegation: Democratic Congresswomen
Carol Shea-Porter
of
Congressional District 1
and
Ann McLane Kuster
of
Congressional District 2
accompanied U.S. Senators
Jeanne Shaheen
and
Kelly Ayotte
in 2013. Further, the state elected its second female governor: Democrat
Maggie Hassan
In the 2014 elections, Republicans retook the
New Hampshire House of Representatives
with a 239–160 majority and expanded their majority in the
New Hampshire Senate
to 14 of the Senate's 24 seats. On the national level, incumbent Democratic Senator
Jeanne Shaheen
defeated her Republican challenger, former Massachusetts senator
Scott Brown
. New Hampshire also elected
Frank Guinta
(R) for its First Congressional District representative and
Ann Kuster
(D) for its Second Congressional District representative.
In the 2016 elections, Republicans held the
New Hampshire House of Representatives
with a majority of 220–175 and held onto their 14 seats in the
New Hampshire Senate
. In the gubernatorial race, retiring Governor
Maggie Hassan
was succeeded by Republican
Chris Sununu
, who defeated Democratic nominee
Colin Van Ostern
. Sununu became the state's first Republican governor since
Craig Benson
, who left office in 2005 following defeat by
John Lynch
. In the presidential race, the state voted for the Democratic nominee, former
Secretary of State
Hillary Clinton
over the Republican nominee, Donald Trump, by a margin of 2,736 votes, or 0.3%, one of the closest results the state has ever seen in a presidential race, while Libertarian nominee
Gary Johnson
received 4.12% of the vote. The Democrats also won a competitive race in the Second Congressional District, as well as a competitive senate race.
Since 2017, Democrats have controlled New Hampshire's entire congressional delegation, while Republicans have controlled the governorship and (except in 2019–2020) both houses of the legislature.
21
115
Free State Project
edit
The
Free State Project
(FSP) is a movement founded in 2001 to recruit at least 20,000 libertarians to move to a single low-population state (New Hampshire, was selected in 2003), to concentrate
libertarian
activism around a single region.
116
The Free State Project emphasizes decentralized decision-making, encouraging new movers and prior residents of New Hampshire to participate in a way the individual mover deems most appropriate. For example, as of 2017, there were 17 so-called Free Staters elected to the New Hampshire House of Representatives,
117
and in 2021, the
New Hampshire Liberty Alliance
, which ranks bills and elected representatives based on their adherence to what they see as libertarian principles, scored 150 representatives as "A−" or above rated representatives.
118
Participants also engage with other like-minded activist groups such as Rebuild New Hampshire,
119
Young Americans for Liberty
120
and
Americans for Prosperity
121
As of April 2022, approximately 6,232 participants have moved to New Hampshire for the Free State Project.
122
Transportation
edit
Highways
edit
Main article:
New Hampshire Highway System
New Hampshire has a well-maintained, well-signed network of
Interstate highways
, U.S. highways, and state highways. State highway markers still depict the
Old Man of the Mountain
despite that rock formation's demise in 2003. Several route numbers align with the same route numbers in neighboring states. State highway numbering is arbitrary, with no overall system, while the U.S. highway and Interstate systems follow national numbering conventions. Major routes include:
Interstate 89
runs northwest from near
Concord
to
Lebanon
on the
Vermont
border.
Interstate 93
is the main Interstate highway in New Hampshire and runs north from
Salem
(on the Massachusetts border) to
Littleton
(on the Vermont border). I-93 connects the more densely populated southern part of the state to the Lakes Region and the White Mountains further to the north.
Interstate 95
runs north–south briefly along New Hampshire's seacoast to serve the city of
Portsmouth
, before entering
Maine
U.S. Route 1
runs north–south briefly along New Hampshire's seacoast to the east of and paralleling I-95.
U.S. Route 2
runs east–west through
Coos County
from Maine, intersecting
Route 16
, skirting the
White Mountain National Forest
passing through
Jefferson
and into Vermont.
U.S. Route 3
is the longest numbered route in the state, and the only one to run completely through the state from the Massachusetts border to the Canada–U.S. border. It generally parallels
Interstate 93
. South of Manchester, it takes a more westerly route through
Nashua
. North of Franconia Notch, U.S.
3 takes a more easterly route, before terminating at the Canada–U.S. border.
U.S. Route 4
terminates at the
Portsmouth Traffic Circle
and runs east–west across the southern part of the state connecting
Durham
, Concord,
Boscawen
, and Lebanon.
New Hampshire Route 16
is a major north–south highway in the eastern part of the state that generally parallels the border with
Maine
, eventually entering Maine as Maine Route 16. The southernmost portion of NH 16 is a four-lane freeway, co-signed with U.S. Route
4.
New Hampshire Route 101
is a major east–west highway in the southern part of the state that connects
Keene
with
Manchester
and the Seacoast region. East of Manchester, NH 101 is a four-lane, limited-access highway that runs to
Hampton Beach
and I-95.
Air
edit
Manchester–Boston Regional Airport
from the air
For a more comprehensive list, see
List of airports in New Hampshire
New Hampshire has 25 public-use airports, three with some scheduled commercial passenger service. The busiest airport by number of passengers handled is
Manchester-Boston Regional Airport
in Manchester and
Londonderry
, which serves the
Greater Boston
metropolitan area. The closest airport with international service is
Logan International Airport
in
Boston
Public transportation
edit
Long-distance intercity passenger rail service is provided by
Amtrak
's
Vermonter
and
Downeaster
lines.
Greyhound
Concord Coach
Vermont Translines
, and Dartmouth Coach all provide intercity bus connections to and from points in New Hampshire and to long-distance points beyond and in between.
As of 2013
[update]
, Boston-centered
MBTA Commuter Rail
services reach only as far as northern Massachusetts. The
New Hampshire Rail Transit Authority
is working to extend "Capital Corridor" service from
Lowell, Massachusetts
, to Nashua, Concord, and Manchester, including
Manchester-Boston Regional Airport
; and "Coastal Corridor" service from
Haverhill, Massachusetts
, to
Plaistow, New Hampshire
123
124
Legislation in 2007 created the
New Hampshire Rail Transit Authority
(NHRTA) with the goal of overseeing the development of commuter rail in the state of New Hampshire. In 2011, Governor John Lynch vetoed HB 218, a bill passed by Republican lawmakers, which would have drastically curtailed the powers and responsibilities of NHRTA.
125
126
The I-93 Corridor transit study suggested a rail alternative along the
Manchester and Lawrence branch line
which could provide freight and passenger service.
127
This rail corridor would also have access to Manchester-Boston Regional Airport.
Eleven public transit authorities operate local and regional bus services around the state, and eight private carriers operate express bus services which link with the national intercity bus network.
128
The
New Hampshire Department of Transportation
operates a statewide ride-sharing match service, in addition to independent ride matching and guaranteed ride home programs.
128
Tourist railroads
include the
Conway Scenic Railroad
Hobo-Winnipesaukee Railroad
, and the
Mount Washington Cog Railway
Freight railways
edit
For a more comprehensive list, see
List of New Hampshire railroads
Freight railways in New Hampshire include
Claremont & Concord Railroad
(CCRR),
Pan Am Railways
via subsidiary Springfield Terminal Railway (ST), the
New England Central Railroad
(NHCR), the
St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railroad
(SLR), and
New Hampshire Northcoast Corporation
(NHN).
Education
edit
Dartmouth College
's
Baker Library
Thompson Hall, at
UNH
, was built in 1892.
New Hampshire’s education system includes public school districts, private schools, and a variety of school choice initiatives. One significant component of the latter is the
New Hampshire Education Freedom Accounts
program, a statewide initiative that allows eligible families to direct a portion of state education funding toward approved educational expenses outside of traditional public schools.
The average cost per pupil for public K-12 education in New Hampshire exceeded $21,000, with most funding coming from local property taxes.
129
In 2025, the state expanded Education Freedom Accounts into a universal school choice program, making most students eligible to participate.
130
131
High schools
edit
See also:
List of high schools in New Hampshire
and
List of school districts in New Hampshire
The first public high schools in the state were the Boys' High School and the Girls' High School of
Portsmouth
, established either in 1827 or 1830, depending on the source.
132
133
134
New Hampshire has more than 80 public high schools, many of which serve more than one town. The largest is
Pinkerton Academy
in
Derry
, which is owned by a private non-profit organization and serves as the public high school of several neighboring towns. There are at least 30 private high schools in the state.
New Hampshire is also the home of several prestigious
university-preparatory
schools, such as
Phillips Exeter Academy
St. Paul's School
Proctor Academy
Brewster Academy
, and
Kimball Union Academy
Traditionally, school funding has been decided by municipalities, often at
town meeting
. In 1993, the
Claremont
litigation
began when that town's school district secured a verdict that Part 2, Article 83 of the state constitution required the state to fund education adequately and uniformly. This was never achieved despite additional rounds of litigation. In 2002, New Hampshire enacted a
statewide property tax
to be forwarded to school districts to address the problem. In 2008, the Court ended its supervisory role because the original laws had been replaced, but it did not reverse its earlier finding.
135
In 2023, a district judge set a new, higher amount for educational "adequacy". In June 2025, the legislature enacted language asserting its right to determine funding. The New Hampshire Supreme Court upheld the 2023 verdict but declined to force the legislature to comply.
136
Colleges and universities
edit
For a more comprehensive list, see
List of colleges and universities in New Hampshire
Antioch University New England
Colby-Sawyer College
Community College System of New Hampshire
Great Bay Community College
Lakes Region Community College
Manchester Community College
Nashua Community College
NHTI, Concord's Community College
River Valley Community College
White Mountains Community College
Dartmouth College
Tuck School of Business
Geisel School of Medicine
Thayer School of Engineering
Guarini School of Graduate and Advanced Studies
Franklin Pierce University
Hellenic American University
Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences
New England College
New Hampshire Institute of Art
Rivier University
Saint Anselm College
Southern New Hampshire University
Thomas More College of Liberal Arts
University System of New Hampshire
University of New Hampshire
University of New Hampshire School of Law
University of New Hampshire at Manchester
Granite State College
Keene State College
Plymouth State University
Media
edit
Daily newspapers
edit
For a more comprehensive list, see
List of newspapers in New Hampshire
Berlin Daily Sun
Concord Monitor
Conway Daily Sun
Eagle Times
of
Claremont
Eagle Tribune
Lawrence, Massachusetts
area, including parts of southern New Hampshire)
Foster's Daily Democrat
of
Dover
Keene Sentinel
Laconia Daily Sun
New Hampshire Union Leader
of
Manchester
, formerly known as the
Manchester Union Leader
The Portsmouth Herald
The Sun
Lowell, Massachusetts
area, including parts of southern New Hampshire)
Valley News
of
Lebanon
Other publications
edit
Area News Group
Business New Hampshire Magazine
The Cabinet Press
Milford Cabinet
Bedford Journal
Hollis/Brookline Journal
Merrimack Journal
The Dartmouth
Dartmouth College
student newspaper)
The Exeter News-Letter
Free Keene
The Hampton Union
Hippo Press
(covering Manchester, Nashua, and Concord)
Manchester Express
Manchester Ink Link
137
The New Hampshire
(University of New Hampshire student newspaper)
New Hampshire Business Review
Granite Grok
The New Hampshire Gazette
(Portsmouth alternative biweekly)
NH Living Magazine
138
NH Rocks
139
Salmon Press Newspapers
(family of weekly newspapers covering Lakes Region and North Country)
The Telegraph
of
Nashua
Radio stations
edit
For a more comprehensive list, see
List of radio stations in New Hampshire
Television stations
edit
For a more comprehensive list, see
List of television stations in New Hampshire
ABC
affiliate
WMUR
, Channel 9, Manchester
PBS
affiliate Channel 11, Durham (
New Hampshire Public Television
); repeater stations in Keene and Littleton
True Crime Network
affiliate
WWJE
, Channel 50, Derry/Manchester
Ion Television
station
WPXG
, Channel 21, Concord (satellite of
WBPX
in Boston)
Sports
edit
The following sports teams are based in New Hampshire:
Club
Sport
Venue
League
Level
notes
Amoskeag Rugby Club
Rugby union
Northeast Athletic Club,
Pembroke
New England Rugby Football Union
Amateur
Keene Swamp Bats
Baseball
Alumni Field
, Keene
New England Collegiate Baseball League
Collegiate summer baseball
Nashua Silver Knights
Baseball
Holman Stadium
, Nashua
Futures Collegiate Baseball League
Collegiate summer baseball
New Hampshire Fisher Cats
Baseball
Delta Dental Stadium
, Manchester
Double-A Eastern League
Professional
Double-A affiliate of the
Toronto Blue Jays
New Hampshire Wild
Baseball
Doane Diamond
, Concord
Empire Professional Baseball League
Professional
Independent minor league
Northeast Ruckus
American football
Nor Rock Field
Womans Football Alliance
Semi-professional
Based in
Windham
, plays home games in nearby
Raymond, New Hampshire
Seacoast United Phantoms
Soccer
New England Sports Park
USL League Two
Semi-professional
Based in Portsmouth, plays home games in nearby
Hampton, New Hampshire
New Hampshire Mountain Kings
Ice Hockey
Tri-Town Ice Arena,
Hooksett
North American Hockey League
Amateur
The sport of
paintball
was invented in
Henniker
in 1981.
140
Sutton
was the home of the world's first commercial paintball facility.
141
The
New Hampshire Motor Speedway
in
Loudon
is an oval track and road course that has been visited by national motorsport championship series such as the
NASCAR Cup Series
, the NASCAR
Xfinity Series
, the NASCAR
Craftsman Truck Series
, NASCAR
Whelen Modified Tour
American Canadian Tour
(ACT), the
Champ Car
and the
IndyCar Series
. Other motor racing venues include
Star Speedway
and
New England Dragway
in
Epping
Lee USA Speedway
in
Lee
, Twin State Speedway in
Claremont
Monadnock Speedway
in
Winchester
and
Canaan Fair Speedway
in
Canaan
New Hampshire has two universities competing at the
NCAA Division I
in all collegiate sports: the
Dartmouth Big Green
Ivy League
) and the
New Hampshire Wildcats
America East Conference
), as well as three
NCAA Division II
teams: Franklin Pierce Ravens, Saint Anselm Hawks, and Southern New Hampshire Penmen (
Northeast-10 Conference
). Most other schools compete in
NCAA Division III
or the
NAIA
Annually since 2002, high-school statewide all-stars compete against Vermont in 10 sports during "Twin State" playoffs.
142
Culture
edit
Detail of a reproduction of
Diana
at the
Saint-Gaudens National Historical Park
. New Hampshire's sole
national park
is one of only two dedicated to a
visual artist
In the spring, New Hampshire's many
sap houses
hold sugaring-off open houses. In summer and early autumn, New Hampshire is home to many
county fairs
, the largest being the
Hopkinton State Fair
, in
Contoocook
. New Hampshire's
Lakes Region
is home to many summer camps, especially around
Lake Winnipesaukee
, and is a popular tourist destination. The Peterborough Players have performed every summer in
Peterborough
since 1933.
The Barnstormers Theatre
in
Tamworth
, founded in 1931, is one of the longest-running professional summer theaters in the United States.
143
The
Saint-Gaudens National Historical Park
is the sole
National Park Unit
in the state, and a section of the
Appalachian Trail
passes through the north.
In September, New Hampshire is host to the
New Hampshire Highland Games
. New Hampshire has also registered an official
tartan
with the proper authorities in
Scotland
, used to make kilts worn by the
Lincoln
Police Department while its officers serve during the games. The
fall foliage
peaks in mid-October. In the winter,
New Hampshire's ski areas
and
snowmobile
trails attract visitors from a wide area.
144
After the lakes freeze over they become dotted with
ice fishing
ice houses, known locally as bobhouses.
Funspot
, the world's largest video arcade
145
146
(now termed a museum), is in
Laconia
In fiction
edit
Many
novels
plays
and
screenplays
have been set in New Hampshire.
Theater
edit
The fictional New Hampshire town of Grover's Corners serves as the setting of the
Thornton Wilder
play
Our Town
. Grover's Corners is based, in part, on the real town of
Peterborough
. Several local landmarks and nearby towns are mentioned in the text of the play, and Wilder himself spent some time in Peterborough at the
MacDowell Colony
, writing at least some of the play while in residence there.
147
Comics
edit
Al Capp, creator of the comic strip
Li'l Abner
, used to joke that
Dogpatch
, the setting for the strip, was based on
Seabrook
, where he would vacation with his wife.
148
Television
edit
Many
television programs
have been set in New Hampshire. Notable recent examples include:
In the AMC drama
Breaking Bad
("
Granite State
149
) series lead
Walter White
escapes to a cabin in a fictional county in northern New Hampshire.
An episode of the NBC drama
The West Wing
takes place in the fictional
Hartsfield's Landing
, New Hampshire.
In the sixth season of
HBO
series
The Sopranos
, in an episode named for New Hampshire's slogan "
Live Free or Die
", a character flees to the fictional town of Dartford, New Hampshire, because of inadvertently being
outed
as a gay man.
150
Notable people
edit
For a more comprehensive list, see
List of people from New Hampshire
Prominent individuals from New Hampshire include 14th President of the United States
Franklin Pierce
founding father
Nicholas Gilman
, Senator
Daniel Webster
Revolutionary War
hero
John Stark
, editor
Horace Greeley
, founder of the
Christian Science
religion
Mary Baker Eddy
, poet
Robert Frost
, sculptor
Daniel Chester French
, astronaut
Alan Shepard
, rock musician
Ronnie James Dio
, author
Dan Brown
, actor-comedian
Adam Sandler
, inventor
Dean Kamen
, comedians
Sarah Silverman
and
Seth Meyers
, restaurateurs
Richard and Maurice McDonald
, WWE wrestler
Triple H
, and streamer
Ludwig Ahgren
See also
edit
Outline of New Hampshire
Local government in New Hampshire
List of disasters in New Hampshire by death toll
List of states and territories of the United States
Notes
edit
In the event of a vacancy in the office of governor, the president of the
State Senate
is first in line to assume the gubernatorial powers and duties as acting governor.
Elevation adjusted to
North American Vertical Datum of 1988
The summit of
Mount Washington
is the highest point in northeastern
North America
Which were polled jointly
86% in Alabama and South Carolina
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2010
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Frank L. Kluckhohn. "
NEW ENGLAND; New Hampshire Is Cautious on New Expenses and Taxes
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New Hampshire Taxes Low
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"CBS's Face the Nation : Saint Anselm College"
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: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
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Mass High Tech: The Journal of New England Technology
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2008
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New Hampshire Union Leader
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"New Hampshire's Democratic wave, explained"
The Washington Post
. Washington, DC.
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September 2,
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"In a Further Blow to Democrats, Republicans Increase Their Hold on State Governments"
The New York Times
Archived
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{{
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Belluck, Pam (October 27, 2003).
"Libertarians Pursue New Political Goal: State of Their Own"
The New York Times
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February 2,
2022
"Media Memo: Free State Project Members Make Up Disproportionate Percentage of NH Freedom Caucus"
. April 24, 2017.
"New Hampshire 2021 Liberty Ranking"
(PDF)
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February 2,
2022
"My Turn: Sununu must stop enabling white nationalism, anti-government extremism"
. January 10, 2021. Archived from
the original
on February 2, 2022
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February 2,
2022
"Young Americans for Liberty Celebrates Victory for Right to Work in New Hampshire!"
(Press release). February 24, 2021.
"NH Primary Source: Americans for Prosperity-NH endorses Sununu, Wheeler, 6 House candidates"
. July 30, 2020.
"FSP current mover count"
fsp.org
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April 29,
2022
"Draft NHRTA Prioritized Goals"
(PDF)
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on June 2, 2010
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July 31,
2010
"NH Rail Transit Authority Meeting"
. Nashua Regional Planning Commission. Archived from
the original
on June 5, 2009
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July 31,
2010
"Business groups unite to support NH Rail Transit Authority"
New Hampshire Journal
. Archived from
the original
on August 23, 2011.
"Governor Lynch's Veto Message Regarding HB 218"
Press Releases
. Governor John Lynch. Archived from
the original
on June 19, 2011
. Retrieved
July 12,
2011
"New Hampshire State Rail Plan"
(PDF)
Nh.gov
Archived
(PDF)
from the original on October 10, 2017
. Retrieved
September 4,
2017
"NH Rideshare—Your Source for Transportation Alternatives"
. NH Dept. of Transportation.
Archived
from the original on April 25, 2011
. Retrieved
February 3,
2016
"U.S. Public Education Spending Statistics [2025]: per Pupil + Total"
Education Data Initiative
. Retrieved
January 11,
2026
"New Hampshire becomes 18th state with a universal private school choice program - Ballotpedia News"
. June 16, 2025
. Retrieved
January 11,
2026
Graham, Michael (June 11, 2025).
"Ayotte's Signature Makes NH 19th State to Offer Universal School Choice"
NH Journal
. Retrieved
January 11,
2026
Grizzell, Emit Duncan (1923).
Origin and Development of the High School in New England Before 1865
. New York:
Macmillan Company
. p. 181.
ISBN
978-1-4067-4258-9
OCLC
1921554
{{
cite book
}}
ISBN / Date incompatibility (
help
Bush, George Gary (1898).
№ 22, History of Education in New Hampshire
. United States Bureau of Education Circular of Information, № 3, 1898. Washington, D. C.:
GPO
. p. 134.
OCLC
817663
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(PDF)
New Hampshire Historical Society
. Archived from
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on February 25, 2009
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January 28,
2009
Londonderry School District SAU #12 v. State of New Hampshire, October 15, 2008
Porter, Stephen; Gokee, Amanda (July 1, 2025).
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. Retrieved
July 5,
2025
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. Manchester Ink Link. Archived from
the original
on December 1, 2016
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December 9,
2016
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New Hampshire Living
Archived
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. Retrieved
February 3,
2016
"NH Rocks: Connecting You with Things to Do in New Hampshire"
. NH Rocks
. Retrieved
June 22,
2020
Slater, Dashka (August 15, 2014).
"Who Made That Paintball?"
The New York Times
. Retrieved
October 2,
2023
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"Paintball Pioneer, Ex-New London Resident, Reflects"
vnews.com
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. Retrieved
October 2,
2023
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Burlington Free Press
"The New England Summer Theater—Six of the Oldest"
. May 27, 2017.
Archived
from the original on February 21, 2019
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February 20,
2019
"Bureau of Trails"
nhstateparks.org
. NH Division of Parks and Recreation. Archived from
the original
on February 5, 2016
. Retrieved
February 3,
2016
"Largest videogame arcade (current)"
www.guinnessworldrecords.com
. Guinness World Records. January 12, 2016
. Retrieved
February 2,
2022
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. November 1, 2017.
Archived
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December 22,
2017
Graves, Annie (January 2, 2018).
"Looking Back on Our Town: Eighty years after Thornton Wilder wrote his classic, the play still lives"
Yankee magazine
. Yankee Publishing, Inc
. Retrieved
October 30,
2020
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"Last of the Yankees"
Portsmouth Herald
. Archived from
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. Retrieved
July 31,
2010
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'Breaking Bad' Deconstruction, Ep. 15: 'Granite State'
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Archived
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. Retrieved
March 10,
2014
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www.hbo.com
. HBO. Archived from
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. Retrieved
February 2,
2022
Further reading
edit
Sletcher, Michael (2004).
New England
. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
ISBN
978-0-313-32753-7
Land Use in Cornish, N.H.
, a 2006 documentary presentation by James M. Patterson of the
Valley News
, depicts various aspects of the societal and cultural environment of northern New Hampshire.
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Rivers of New Hampshire
by
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Gulf of Maine
Atlantic coastal
tributaries
Blackwater River
Browns River
Drakes River
Hampton River
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Little River
Old River
Taylor River
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watershed
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Nubanusit Brook
Pemigewasset River
Pennichuck Brook
Piscataquog River
Powwow River
Purgatory Brook
Red Hill River
Salmon Brook
Shedd Brook
Smith River
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South Branch Souhegan River
Spicket River
Squam River
Stony Brook
Suncook River
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Turkey River
Warner River
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Winnipesaukee River
Merrymeeting Bay
Androscoggin River
watershed)
Androscoggin River
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Clear Stream
Dead River
Dead Diamond River
East Branch Dead Diamond River
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Little Magalloway River
Magalloway River
Middle Branch Dead Diamond River
Middle Branch Little Magalloway River
Mollidgewock Brook
Moose Brook
Moose River
Peabody River
Rattle River
South Branch Little Dead Diamond River
Swift Diamond River
West Branch Dead Diamond River
West Branch Little Dead Diamond River
West Branch Little Magalloway River
West Branch Magalloway River
West Branch Peabody River
Wild River
Piscataqua River
watershed
Bean River
Bellamy River
Berrys River
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Bunker Creek
Cochecho River
Ela River
Exeter River
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Jones Brook
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Little River (Exeter)
Little River (Lamprey River)
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Saco River
watershed)
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Beech River
Chocorua River
Cold River (Bearcamp River)
Cold River
Cutler River
Dan Hole River
Deer River
Dry River
East Branch Saco River
East Branch Whiteface River
East Fork East Branch Saco River
Ellis River
Little Cold River
Lovell River
Mad River
Middle Branch Mad River
Mill Brook
New River
Ossipee River
Pequawket Brook
Pine River
Rocky Branch
Saco River
Sawyer River
Shepards River
South River
South Branch Mad River
Swift River (Bearcamp River)
Swift River (Saco River)
West Branch
Whiteface River
Wildcat Brook
Wonalancet River
Long Island Sound
Connecticut River
watershed
Ammonoosuc River
Ashuelot River
Blow-me-down Brook
The Branch
Cold River
Connecticut River
East Branch Mohawk River
Gale River
Great Brook
Halls Stream
Ham Branch
Indian River
Indian Stream
Israel River
Johns River
Knox River
Little River
Little Sugar River
Mascoma River
Millers River
Mink Brook
Mirey Brook
Mohawk River
Nash Stream
North Branch Gale River
North Branch Millers River
North Branch Sugar River
North Branch Upper Ammonoosuc River
Oliverian Brook
Otter Brook
Partridge Brook
Perry Stream
Phillips Brook
Simms Stream
South Branch Ashuelot River
South Branch Gale River
South Branch Israel River
South Branch Sugar River
Stocker Brook
Sugar River
Tarbell Brook
Upper Ammonoosuc River
West Branch Mohawk River
West Branch Upper Ammonoosuc River
Wild Ammonoosuc River
Zealand River
Mountains of New Hampshire
Belknap Mountains
Belknap Mountain
Gunstock Mountain
Mount Major
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Ossipee Mountains
Bayle Mountain
Larcom Mountain
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Mount Shaw
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Nickerson Mountain
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Blue Job Mountain
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See also
Northeast megalopolis
Thirteen Colonies
New England Colonies
Middle Colonies
Chesapeake Colonies
Tobacco Colonies
Southern Colonies
United Colonies
Virginia
(1607–1776)
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Other British colonial entities in the contemporary
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Jamestown
(1607–1699)
Berkeley Hundred
(1619)
Plymouth
(1620–1686; 1689–1691)
Maine
(1622–1658)
Saint Croix
(1625–1650)
Carolana
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Saybrook
(1635–1644)
New Haven
(1638–1664)
New England Confederation
(1643–1654; 1675–
c.
1680
Carolina
(1663–1712)
Rupert's Land
(1670–1811)
North-Western Territory
(1670–1870)
East Jersey
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West Jersey
(1674–1702)
Dominion of New England
(1686–1689)
Indian Reserve
(1763–1783)
Quebec
(1763–1783)
East Florida
(1763–1783)
West Florida
(1763–1783)
New Ireland
(1779–1783; 1814–1815)
Columbia District
(1810–1846)
Red River Colony
(1811–1818)
Stickeen Territories
(1862–1863)
Colony of British Columbia
(1863–1866)
Colony of British Columbia and Vancouver Island
(1866–1871)
Province of British Columbia
(1871–1903)
Non-British colonial entities in the contemporary United States
Columbian Viceroyalty
(1492–1535)
New Spain
1521–1821;
Spanish Florida
, 1565–1763
New Navarre
, 1565–1821
Captaincy General of the Philippines
, 1565–1898
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Discourse Concerning Western Planting
(1584)
Mayflower Compact
(1620)
Mourt's Relation
(1622)
Of Plymouth Plantation
(1630–1651)
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
(1638)
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43°30′N
71°30′W
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43.5°N 71.5°W
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43.5; -71.5
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State of New Hampshire
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