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Novial
novial
Created by
Otto Jespersen
Setting and usage
intanesenel helpim toktok
Total spikas
Category (purpose)
toktok man i mekim
intanesenel helpim toktok
Novial
Category (sources)
Ol tok Roman
na
ol tok Siamanik
; tu
Interlingue
na
Ido
Ol kod bilong tokples
ISO 639-3
nov
Linguasphere
51-AAB-dc
Dispela pes bai soim sampela ol
IPA
raitim long soim pasin bilong singaut.
Novial
em i wanpela toktok. Dispela toktok i kamap long
Otto Jespersen
long yia 1928.
Nem
senisim
edit source
Novial = nov (nupela) + IAL (
International Auxiliary Language
, intanesenel helpim toktok).
Histri
senisim
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Novial ol i bin kamap long buk bilong Otto Jespersen
An International Language
long yia 1928. Em i bin senis long yia 1930 long buk
Novial Lexike
Long yia 1934, Otto Jespersen i bin toktok long narapela senis long Novial: nem blong em i bin
Novial Plubonisat
Toktok i bin dai long yia 1943 taim Otto Jespersen indai .
Long 1935 na 1939, Valter Ahlstedt i bin rait long
Novialiste
, opisal megesin long toktok. Long yia 1937 em i bin mekim komisin long nem
Lingual Jurie del Novialistes
long mekim Novial moa gut. Nupela Novial i klostu long
Interlingue
. Tasol, em i bin senis long Interlingua. Dispela i bin pinis long Novial.
Long tenpela yia 1990, sampela pipol i bin painimaut em.
Ol leta na ponetikis
senisim
edit source
Novial
Ponetikis
/a/
/b/
/d/
/e/~/ɛ/
/f/
/g/
/h/
/i/
/dʒ/, /ʒ/
/k/
/l/
/m/
/n/
/o/
/p/
/k/
/r/
/s/, /z/
/t/
/u/
/v/
/w/, /u/, /v/
/ks/
/j/
Grama
senisim
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Grama blong Novial em i isi.
Naun
senisim
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Ol noun i pinis long -e:
hunde
(dok).
Plural
blong naun i long -
hundes
(ol dok).
Ajetiv
senisim
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Ajetiv i pinis long -i:
beli
(naispela).
Vab
senisim
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Grama
Tok Inglis
Novial
Tok Pisin
Infinitive
to protect
protekte
lukaut
Present
I protect
me protekte
mi lukaut
Present Perfect
I have protected
me ha protekte
mi lukaut pinis
Simple Past
I protected
me did protekte
mi bin lukaut
Past Perfect
I had protected
me had protekte
mi lukaut pinis
Future
I shall protect
I will protect
me sal protekte
mi bai lukaut
Future Perfect
I shall have protected
I will have protected
me sal ha protekte
Future In The Past
I was going to protect
me saled protekte
Conditional
I would protect
me vud protekte
Conditional Perfect
I would have protected
me vud ha protekte
First Imperative
Let me protect!
Let me protekte!
Second Imperative
protect!
protekte!
Pronaun
senisim
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Singular
Plural
mi
me
yumi, mipela
nus
yu
vu
yupela
vus
em
le, la, lo
ol
les, las, los
em (samting)
lu, lum
lus
Litorasa
senisim
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Novial i nogat litorasa.
Ol buk long Novial:
Li Empereren novi vestes
Li Sorsiere de Oz
Ol referens
senisim
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Li Empereren novi vestes
Li Siklone
Li Konsilo kun li Munchkines
Ol buk long Novial
senisim
edit source
Auerbach, Siegfried. 1930.
Pri nommediati derivatione in li internacional lingues
en
A Grammatical Miscellany to Otto Jespersen (on his seventiehn birthday)
Levin + Munksgaard (Copenhague) / George Allen and Unwin (London).
*Jacob, Henry. 1943.
Otto Jespersen. His Work for an International Auxiliary Language
. International Language (Ido) Society of Great Britain.
(en inglés)
Jacob, Henry. 1947.
Chapter IV Novial (1928) by Otto Jespersen
en
A Planned Auxiliary Language
(en inglés)
Jespersen, Otto. 1928.
An International Language
. Allen and Unwin, London.
(en inglés)
Jespersen, Otto. 1930.
Novial Lexique
. Carl Winter's. Heidelberg.
(en inglés)
Jespersen, Otto. 1934.
Plubonisat novial
, en Novialiste N° 1.
(en novial)
Jespersen, Otto. 1937.
Pri reformes in novial
, en Novialiste N° 18 diciembre de 1937.
(en novial)
Toksave long Intanet
senisim
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Wikipedia
Lukim
Wikipedia long Novial
. Wanpela
Wikipedia
long dispela tokples istap.
Novial Wiki Book
: Novial kursu por komenseres (anglim).
Novial Discussion Group
: Novial diskuse-grupe che Yahoo!
Kurti deskriptione de 1928 Novial
(anglim)
Kurti deskriptione del 1930 version
(anglim)
Novial '98
NOVIAL PRO: A short comparative description
(anglim)
Ikam long "
Grup
Novial
Novial
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