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novial
Propri
nome
novial
Informatione
Parlat
poki parleres trans li monde
Ofisial lingue
nulilok
Parleres
sirk 10
Range
non in 100 maxim grandi
Alfabete
latini
Akademie del lingue
nulu
Linguistikal klasifikatione
Lingual familie
konstrukteti lingue
Lingual grupe
international auxiliari lingue
Kodes del lingue
ISO 639-1
ISO 639-2
art
ISO 639-3
nov
SIL
nov
Novial
nov
IAL, International Auxiliari Lingue
) es konstrukteti lingue kreat da Profesore
Otto Jespersen
, dani linguiste kel had anteim prenda parte in li kreatione de altri konstrukteti lingue,
Ido
. Lo kread novial kom international auxiliari lingue (IAL), por plufasilifika international komunikatione, ma sin desplasa uli patrial lingues.
Jespersen unesmim introdukted novial in li angli libre
An International Language
ye
1928
. Ye
1930
lo publisad multlingual lexike de novial,
Novial Lexike
, kun traduktiones in anglum, fransum e germanum. Plusi modifikationes blid proposi ye li 1930 dekyare, ma after li morio de Jespersen ye
1943
, lun uso sesad. Durant li 1990 dekyare novial ha atrakte intereso per li interete, e nun es nombre de useres trans li monde.
Ye
24 de novembre
2004
li yahoo-grupe
novial-diskusione
blid fonda in li interrete. Depos
januare
2006
exista li
Novial Wikipedie
in li interrete.
Historie
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Chefi artikle:
Historie de Novial
Un International Lingue (1928)
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Novial unesmim bli deskripte in li angli libre
An International Language
1928
) da Otto Jespersen. Li unesmi parte del libre diskuse li besono por international auxiliari lingue, li desavantajes de national lingues por ti funktione e komuni objetiones konter konstrukteti international auxiliari lingues. Jespersen anke provise kritikal resense del historie de konstrukteti IALs kun sektiones pri
Volapük
Esperanto
Idiom Neutral
Ido
Latino sine Flexione
Occidental
Interlingue
). Li autore klarifika ke lo usa li grandi quantitate de plu frui verkes pri li probleme, non solim li anteim mentionat IALs.
Li duesmi parte de
An International Language
detalim deskripte novial. Alternativi posibli solutiones por problemes in li fonologia, ortografia, gramatike e vokablaro bli konsidera. Li selektiones bli explika per komparo kun national e anteim konstrukteti IALs.
Novial Lexike (1930)
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Kelki chanjos bli introdukte in li lingue kun li publikatione de
Novial Lexike
ye 1930. Inter disi chanjos on trova kelki sufixes kom -
ntia
(konvalescentia, inteligentia, presentia) e -itate (felisitate, sinseritate)
, e adverbies sin li finale -im (tot nudi, tal-nomat, extrem fasil, bon konstruktet)
Novialiste (1934)
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In maye 1934, Otto Jespersen proposid in lon artikle
Plubonisat Novial
(publisat in li revue
Novialiste
) li adoptione de un »ortografial» novial apud li original fonetikalim skriptet lingue
Kom resulte de omni disum me proposi ke on have du formes de novial, usabli segun chaken personal prefero:
fonetikal novial (FN) kom li tilnun usat, sin c e sin z.
ortografial novial (ON), kel admise li literes c (kun ç e sc) e z.
Fro 1935 til 1939, Valter Ahlstedt kolaborad in
Novialiste
. Ye 1937, komisione nomisat Lingual Jurie del Novialistes por plubonisa Novial bli krea, kun Ahlstedt kom sekretario. Pro li influo de Ahlstedt, li nove versione de Novial esed tre proxim a
Interlingue
. Lon
Gramatike Interlingual
devenid li nov ofisiali gramatike de Novial. Tamen, Ahlstedt chanjad a
Interlingua
e tum signifikad li fine del lingue, kel esed sin uso til li 1990 dekyare.
After li morio de Otto Jespersen
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In li 1990 dekyare, un nov generatione de novialistes (usoniani studantes e linguistes) publikad
Novial 98
(Novi International Auxiliari Linguum) che interete. Li briti matematikisto James Chandler publikis multi textes in e pri novial
Novial98 have kelki 20 chanjos, diskutet in intereti forume
kom li inklusione de w e z, li aditione de -r al infinitives,
ve
bli chanja a
va
sta
bli adi por kontinui tempe (me sta lekter).
Tum esed li komenso de novi novialides kom Novial Pro da Marcos Franco, Eurial de B. Phillip Jonsson, NovIALA e Noviali Interlingue Modernizat, adapted li fundi idees de Guisepe Peano e li labore de Otto Jespersen, Edgar de Wahl e Alexander Gode.
Li grupe de diskusione de Yahoo bli fonda ye 2004 e li Wikipedie in Novial esed kreat ye 2006.
Nunim
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Li Esperanto haved sukseso plus kam li Novial ma... ob Jespersen komprenad ante omnes que li Anglum vud es li internationali lingue after li Fransum com tum es nunim?
Ob nur li chanse fad ke lo esed profesor de Anglum?
Quam unque es, li gramatike del Novial es li angli gramatike por li verbes e li novial vordes es konosata pri len radikale en li omne monde. Disu dona novi chanse de sukseso nunim al Novial.
Gramatike
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Disi artikle parla pri li gramatike de Novial kel apari in li libre 'An International Language', non pri li modifikationes fat aftru.
Alfabete
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Li alfabete de Novial did chanja e kelki literes blid adi aftru, kom li litere z.
Novial
IFA
/a/
/b/
/d/
/e/~/ɛ/
/f/
/g/
/h/
/i/
/dʒ/, /ʒ/
/k/
/l/
/m/
/n/
/o/
/p/
/k/
/r/
/s/, /z/
/t/
/u/
/v/
/w/, /u/, /v/
/ks/
/j/
Strese
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Eufonie
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Substantives
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Nombre
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Sexu
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Neutrum
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Adjektives
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Kasu
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Pronomines
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singulari
plurali
nondefiniti
1mi
2mi
3mi
1mi
2mi
3mi
mask.
fem.
neut.
omnigenus
mask.
fem.
neut.
omnigenus
Novial
me
vu
lo
la
lu
le
nus
vus
los
las
lus
les
on
Verbes
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Li verbes nulitem chanja kun persone o nombre. Li maxim parte del tempus, modes e voises bli exprese kun auxiliari verbes presedant li radike del chefi verbe. Li auxiliaris seku li sami ordine de paroles kom li angli equivalenti.
Partisipes
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Infinitive e Imperative
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Presente e Preterite
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Future e Konditionale
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Perfekte e Plusquamperfekte
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Pasive
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Non-direkti Parlo
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Verbal Sisteme
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Afixes
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Prefixes
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pre-
denotes
before
previda
foresee
prehistorie
prehistory
prepaga
prepay
anti-
denotes
against
antialkoholisme
anti-alcoholism
antiklerikal
anticlerical
antimilitariste
antimilitarist
non-
negative prefix
not
nonexistant
nonexistant
nonposibli
impossible
nonreal
unreal
des-
denotes direct
opposite
desobedia
disobey
desfasil
difficult
desutili
harmful, pernicious
dis-
denotes dispersion or
separation
disdona
distribute
dissenda
send out
distrancha
carve
mis-
denotes
wrongly
mispronuntia
mispronounce
misdukte
mislead
miskomprenda
miscomprehend
mal-
denotes
bad
malodoro
stink
malformat
malformed
malhumerosi
ill-tempered
par-
denotes
perfectly
or
thoroughly
parlerna
learn thoroughly
parlekte
read thoroughly
parmori
die out completely
ri-
denotes repetition or
restoration
rielekte
re-elect
riforma
reform
rigana
regain
retro-
denotes
back(wards)
retroflua
flow back
retroaktiv
retroactive
retroseda
cede back, restore
mi-
denotes
half
mihore
half-hour
miklosat
half closed
milume
twilight
bo-
denotes relation by
marriage
bopatro
father-in-law
bofilia
daughter-in-law
boparentes
in-laws
ex-
denotes
late, former, retired, ex-
ex-presidente
ex-president
ex-marito
ex-husband
ex-marita
ex-wife
arki-
ark-
denotes
arch
senior
main
arkianjele
archangel
arkepiskopo
archbishop
arkenemike
arch-enemy
pseudo-
denotes
pseudo-, false
pseudo-sientie
pseudo-science
pseudo-romanti
pseudo-romantic
pseudo-profete
pseudoprophet
Sufixes
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Substantivali sufixes
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-eso
to form abstracts, denotes state of being
vereso
truth, state of being true
febleso
weakness
venkateso
defeat
-o
forms verbal nouns
ploro
weeping
opino
thinking, opinion
sentio
feeling, feel
-(t)ione
denotes partly the result (as a whole) or the resulting state, partly the way or manner in which something is done
definitione
definition
evolutione
evolution
satisfaktione
satisfaction
-um
denotes the product of action (as distinct from the way in which it is done) to be added to the passive participle
fabrikatum
manufactured article
printatum
printed matter
kopiatum
copy, something copied
-ure
denotes the result or product (as distinct from the act itself)
pikture
picture
inventure
invention
fotografure
photograph
-ere
-iste
denote operator or person occupied with
bakere
baker
konsiliste
councillor
klimere
climber
-iste
used for human beings, denotes adherents of a doctrine or those occupied in certain professions
ateiste
atheist
dentiste
dentist
sientiiste
scientist
-isme
denotes doctrine
ateisme
atheism
kapitalisme
capitalism
sosialisme
socialism
-iere
denotes a person or thing characterized by a certain object or considered as its bearer
pomiere
apple tree
kandeliere
candle holder
milioniere
millionnaire
-arie
denotes recipient of an action, the person for whom something is destined
sendarie
addressee
pagarie
payee
mandatarie
mandate holder
-ia
denotes the domain, province or country of someone
Anglia
England
filosofia
philosophy
printeria
printing office
-torie
denotes place where something is done
observatorie
observatory
dormitorie
dormitory
promenatorie
promenade
-aje
denotes something made of, consisting of, having the character of
lanaje
woolen goods
lignaje
woodwork
subtilaje
(a) subtlety
-ede
denotes quantity which fills something
kulierede
spoonful
manuede
handful
bokede
mouthful
-aro
denotes a collection, group, or set of things
homaro
mankind
vortaro
vocabulary
aristokrataro
aristocracy
-ide
denotes descendant
Atreide
son of Atreus
regide
person of royal blood
Napoleonide
descendant of Napoleon
-yune
denotes young one
bovyune
calf
hanyune
chick
katyune
kitten
Verbali sufixes
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-ira
denotes living beings acting as
profetira
to prophesy
rivalira
to rival
rebelira
to rebel
-isa
-ifika
to make into, transform into, render
justifika
to justify
rektifika
to rectify
modernisa
to modernize
-isa
to provide with, supply with, cover with
armisa
to arm
harmonisa
to harmonize
spisa
to spice
-ada
denotes repeated or continuous action
frapada
to go on beating
kantada
to keep on singing
parlada
to keep on speaking
-eska
denotes the beginning of an action or state
dormieska
to fall asleep
videska
to perceive
paleska
to turn pale
Adjektivali sufixes
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-al
denotes relating to
– before this suffix any final vowel of the word is dropped except
-u
which is retained
universal
universal
national
national
sexual
sexual
-an
denotes inhabiting or belonging to a class or party
italian
Italian
urban
urban
akademian
academic
-ari
denotes agreeing with or fit for
reglari
regular
populari
popular
ordinari
ordinary
-osi
denotes having, especially in large quantity
porosi
porous
kurajosi
courageous
danjerosi
dangerous
-isi
denotes a very high degree
grandisi
enormous
varmisi
hot
belisi
gorgeous
-iv(i)
denotes doing naturally or capable of doing
instruktiv
instructive
sugestiv
suggestive
atraktiv
attractive
-asi
denotes having the tendency or inclination to
disputasi
quarrelsome
laborasi
hard-working
atakasi
combative
-bli
denotes what is susceptible to the verb (English
-ble
lektebli
readable
explikabli
explicable
audibli
audible
-endi
denotes that must be
– any final
-a
or
-e
of the verb is dropped; any final
-u
and
-i
of the verb remains
lektendi
that must be read
faendi
compulsory
soluendi
that must be solved, to be solved
-indi
denotes that deserves to be
– any final
-a
or
-e
of the verb is dropped; any final
-u
and
-i
of the verb remains
lektindi
that is worth reading
fidindi
trustworthy
preferindi
preferable
Generali sufixes
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-et-
diminutive suffix
riverete
brook
varmeti
lukewarm
rideta
to smile
-on-
denotes greatness, quantity
pluvono
heavy rain
ridona
to guffaw
ridono
guffaw
-ach-
denotes contempt
kavalacha
nag
jurnalacharo
the gutter press
kriacha
to shriek
Nombrali sufixes
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-anti
forms tens
duanti
twenty
trianti
thirty
otanti
eighty
-o
forms nouns from numerals
duo
duo
trio
trio
dekduo
dozen
-esmi
forms ordinal numbers
unesmi
first
duantesmi
twentieth
sentesmi
hundredth
-ime
forms fractions
duime
a half
sixime
a sixth
sentime
a hundredth
-opli
multiplying suffix
duopli
double
triopli
triple
multopli
multiple
-opim
forms distributive adverbs
triopim
in threes
pokopim
little by little
gutopim
in drops
Adverbial Sufixes
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-tem
(from
temp
) denotes time
nultem
never
irgitem
any time, no matter when
ultem
ever, any time
-foy
denotes time in repetition, occasion
dufoy
twice
altrifoy
another time, on another occasion
kelkifoy
sometimes
-lok
denotes place
omnilok
everywhere
nulilok
nowhere
altrilok
somewhere else
-kas
(from
kasu
) denotes case
omnikas
in every case
irgikas
anyway, in any case when
tikas
in that case
-grad
denotes degree
altigrad
to a high degree
kelkigrad
to some extent, fairly
pokigrad
to a small extent, slightly
-man
(from
manere
) denotes manner
omniman
in every way
altriman
in another way, differently
samiman
in the same way
-m
(from
-man-
) forms adverbs
privatim
privately
seperatim
separately
spesialim
specially
Partikles
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Prepositiones
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Korelatives
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question
demonstration
indefinite
universality
negation
person
que (-o, -a)
te (-o, -a)
kelke (-o, -a)
omnes
nule (-o, -a)
thing
quu
tu
kelku
omnus/omnes
nulu
quality
quali
tali
place
quilok/vor
tilok/dar
kelkilok
omnilok
nulilok
time
quitem/quand
titem/tand
kelkitem
omnitem/sempre
nulitem
amount
quantu
tantu
kelku
omnu
nulu
method
quiman/qualim/qualiman
timan/talim/taliman
kelkiman
omniman
nuliman
reason
quirez
tirez
kelkirez
omnirez
nulirez
ownership
quen/quun
ten/tun
kelken/kelkun
omnen/omnun
nulen/nulun
Literature
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Lu non ha exista literature in Novial. Li maxim parte del textus in
Novialiste
did es debatos pri li lingue.
Otto Jespersen did tradukte
Li Empereren novi vestes
e on pove trova du chapritres tradukdet de
Li Sorsiere de Oz
, fat ye 2005
Vicente Costalago
publisat
Mikri Antologie
li 23 de june 2022.
Kardona Boske
did publisa li original rakonte
Li Salvera del Oblivied Lingue
in li jurnale
Posta Mundi
42 in li oktobre 2023
e did tradukte
Li Asne e li Farmere
(Fable da Aesop) in
Posta Mundi
43 in li marte 2024
10
Liste de libres:
Novi Ekonomia Sosial
, da J. Barral
11
Vida anke
Liste de literature in Novial
Novialides
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Novialide esed projektes kel efortad plubonisa
Novial
Fro li komense, Novial ha esed kritikat e li kreere e altri ha probad plubonisa li lingue. Ma in li fine disi projectes blid abadonat da sen kreeres.
Kelki novialides es:
da li
Novial Revisione Komite
(a.k.k. "Grupe Novial", "Novial98")
da
James Chandler
Novial Pro, da
Marcos Franco
Eurial, da
B. Phillip Jonsson
da Jay Bowks
Proyo
, es li maxim developad novialide.
Reformad Novial
, da
Vicente Costalago
Vida anke
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Un International Lingue (1928)
Li original angli libre kun novial traduktione (in konstruktione).
Novial Lexike (1930)
Multilingual lexike de novial.
Komparo inter Novial e Esperanto
Komparo inter Novial e Ido
Referenties
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"Interlingvistiko: Enkonduko en la sciencon pri planlingvoj"
. Archived from
the original
on 2021-06-30
. Retrieved 2022-06-06
Plubonisat novial
Jespersen, Otto (1938)
Men labore por un international lingue: 1. Ante li mondemilite
, in Novialiste 19
Novial-Informatione
"Li Empereren novi vestes"
. Archived from
the original
on 2015-09-26
. Retrieved 2022-05-28
Li Siklone
Li Konsilo kun li Munchkines
Mikri antologie
Vida Posta Mundi 42, p. 10-11
Vide Posta Mundi 43, p. 21-22
"Inter Nos"
. Archived from
the original
on 2024-06-16
. Retrieved 2022-06-21
Bibliografia
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Auerbach, Siegfried. 1930.
Pri nommediati derivatione in li internacional lingues
en
A Grammatical Miscellany to Otto Jespersen (on his seventiehn birthday)
Levin + Munksgaard (Copenhague) / George Allen and Unwin (London).
*Jacob, Henry. 1943.
Otto Jespersen. His Work for an International Auxiliary Language
. International Language (Ido) Society of Great Britain.
(en inglés)
Jacob, Henry. 1947.
Chapter IV Novial (1928) by Otto Jespersen
en
A Planned Auxiliary Language
(en inglés)
Jespersen, Otto. 1928.
An International Language
. Allen and Unwin, London.
(en inglés)
Jespersen, Otto. 1930.
Novial Lexique
. Carl Winter's. Heidelberg.
(en inglés)
Jespersen, Otto. 1934.
Plubonisat novial
, en Novialiste N° 1.
(en novial)
Jespersen, Otto. 1937.
Pri reformes in novial
, en Novialiste N° 18 diciembre de 1937.
(en novial)
Externi linkes
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An International Language
: Li 1928 libre da Jespersen kel introdukted novial.
Novial Lexike
: Novial en anglum, fransum e germanum lexike.
Novial Wiki Book
: Novial kursu por komenseres (anglim).
Novial Discussion Group
: Novial diskuse-grupe che Yahoo!
Kurti deskriptione de 1928 Novial
(anglim)
Kurti deskriptione del 1930 version
(anglim)
Novial '98
NOVIAL PRO: A short comparative description
(anglim)
Introdukte a Novial
Novial
Lingue
Novial
Historie
Un International Lingue (1928)
Novial Lexike (1930)
Novialide
Komparo inter Novial e Esperanto
Komparo inter Novial e Ido
Novialistes
Otto Jespersen
Per Ahlberg
• Valter Ahlstedt •
Liste de novialistes
Altri
Novialiste
Konstrukteti lingues
International auxiliari lingues:
Adjuvilo
Esperanto
Globasa
Glosa
Idiom
Neutral
Ido
Interlingua
Interlingue (Occidental)
Interslavum
Latino
sine
Flexione
Lingua
Franca
Nova
Neo
Novial
Romanica
Sona
Volapük
Logikal e filosofikal lingues:
Ceqli
Ithkuil
Láadan
Loglan
Lojban
Toki
Pona
Vorlin
Artisti e fiktiv lingues:
Brithenig
Klingonum
Lingua
Ignota
Lydnevi
Quenya
Sindarin
Talossanum
Wenedyk
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Kategories
Novial
Konstrukteti lingues
International auxiliari lingues
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