Old Persian Texts

Old Persian Texts
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Glossary
OLD PERSIAN TEXTS
Updated Feb 24, 2022.
The Achaemenian Kings left extensive cuneiform inscriptions in Old Persian
dated roughly between 600 BCE and 300 BCE. They also left ruins which
have been described as the most grandiose of the ancient world.
While it is by no means certain that they were orthodox Zoroastrians, the
majority opinion among scholars is that this is very likely.
One of the strongest arguments for this is the frequent mention of
Ahura Mazda in the inscriptions, which is almost certainly an innovation
of Zarathushtra's. Their religion is also described by Herodotus in sufficient
detail to leave little doubt that they were basically Zoroastrian.
"Ahura Mazda came to my aid."
It was thanks to Darius the Great that we have been able to decipher
the cuneiform script, which had fallen into even deeper oblivion
than Egyptian hieroglyphs.
Based on Roland G. Kent,
Old Persian,
1953
See UC Berkeley site for an
Old Persian syllabary
CONTENTS:
Ariaramnes, Hamadan (
AmH
).
Arsames, Hamadan (
AsH
).
Cyrus, Murghab (Pasargadae):
CMa
CMb
CMc
Darius, Behishtan (DB),
Column 1
Darius, Minor inscriptions:
DBa
DBb
DBc
DBd
DBe
DBf
DBg
DBh
DBi
DBj
DBk
Darius, Persepolis:
DPa
DPb
DPc
DPd
DPe
DPh
DPi
Darius, Naqsh-i Rustam:
DNa
DNb
Minor inscriptions: (
DNc
DNd
DN I-XXIX
Darius, Susa:
DSa
DSb
DSc
DSd
DSe
DSf
DSg
DSi
DSj
DSk
DSl
DSm
DSn
DSp
DSq
DSs
DSt
DSy
Darius, Suez inscriptions:
DZa
DZb
DZc
Darius, Elvend (
DE
Darius, Hamadan (
DH
Xerxes, Persepolis:
XPa
XPb
XPc
XPd
XPe
XPf
XPg
XPh
XPi
XPj
XPk
Xerxes, Susa:
XSa
XSc
Xerxes, Elvend (
XE
Xerxes, Van (
XV
Xerxes, Hamadan (
XH
Artaxerxes I, Persepolis A (
A1Pa
Artaxerxes I, incerto loco (
A1I
Darius II, Susa:
D2Sa
D2Sb
Artaxerxes II, Susa:
A2Sa
A2Sb
A2Sc
A2Sd
Artaxerxes II, Hamadan:
A2Ha
A2Hb
A2Hc
Artaxerxes II or III, Persepolis (
A?P
Artaxerxes III, Persepolis (
A3Pa
Inscriptions on weights:
Wa, Wb, Wc, Wd
Inscriptions on
Seals
Vase Inscriptions
Ariaramnes, Hamadan (AmH).
Slightly incomplete OP text on gold tablet.
Text:
Translation:
1 Ariyâramna : xshyathiya : vazraka : xshâyath
2 iya : xshâyathiyânâm : xshâyathiya :
Pârsâ
3 : Cishpaish : xshâyathiyahyâ : puça : Haxâmanishah
4 yâ : napâ : thâtiy : Ariyâramna : xshâyathiya
5 : iyam : dahyâushi : Pârsâ : tya adam : dârayâ
6 miy : hya : uvaspâ : umartiyâ : manâ : baga
7 : vazraka : Auramazdâ frâbara : vashnâ : Au
8 ramazdâha : adam xshâyathiya : iyam da
9 hyâush : amiy : thâtiy : Ariyâramna
10 : xshâyathiya : Auramazdâ : manâ : upastâ
11 m : baratuv
1. (1-4). Ariaramnes, the Great King, King of Kings, King in Persia,
son of Teispes the King, grandson of Achaemenes.
2. (4-9). Ariaramnes the King says: This country Persia which
I hold, which is possessed of good horses, of good men,
the Great God Ahuramazda bestowed it upon me. By the favor of Ahuramazda
I am king in this country.
3. (9-11). Ariaramnes the King says: May Ahuramazda bear me aid.
Arsames, Hamadan (AsH).
OP text on gold tablet, lower right corner missing.
Text:
Translation:
1 Arshâma : xshâyathiya : vazraka : x
2 shâyathiya : xshâyathiyânâm : x
3 shâyathiya : Pârsa : Ariyâramna : xsh
4 âyathiyahyâ : puça : Haxâmanishiya
5 : thâtiy : Arshâma : xshâyathiya : Au
6 ramazdâ : baga : vazraka : hya : mathish
7 ta : bagânâm : mâm : xshâyathiya
8 m : akunaush : hauv dahyâum : P
9 ârsam : manâ : frâbara : tya ukâram
10 : uvaspam : vashnâ : Auramazdâha : im
11 âm dahyâum : dârayâmiy : mâm
12 Auramazdâ : pâtuv : utâmaiy : v
13 itham : utâ : imâm : dahyâum : tya :
14 adam : dârayâmiy : hauv : pâtuv
1. (1-4). Arsames, the Great King, King of Kings, King (in) Persia,
son (of) Ariaramnes the King, an Achaemenian.
2. (5-14). Arsames the King says: Ahuramazda, great god, the greatest
of gods, made me king. He bestowed on me the land Persia, with
good people, with good horses. By the favor of Ahuramazda I hold
this land. May Ahuramazda protect me, and my royal house, and
may he protect this land which I hold.
Cyrus, Murghab (Pasargadae) A. (CMa)
5 or more copies of trilingual inscription on columns and
pillars of the palace.
Text:
Translation:
1 adam : Kûrush : xshâya
2 thiya : Haxâmanishiya
I am Cyrus the King, an Achaemenian.
Cyrus, Murghab B. (CMb)
Fragments of trilingual inscription which stood above
the royal figure in the doorways of the palace.
Text:
Translation:
1 Kûrush : xshâyathiya : vazraka : Kabûjiya
2 hyâ : xshâyathiyahyâ : puça : Haxâmanishiya
3 thâtiy : yathâ ...
4 ... ... akutâ ...
Cyrus the Great King, son of Cambyses the King, an Achaemenian.
He says: When ... made ...
Cyrus, Murghab C. (CMc)
Trilingual inscription on folds of king's garment in 3 doorways
of the palace
Text:
Translation:
Kûrush : xshâyathiya : vazraka : Haxâmanishiya
Cyrus the Great King, an Achaemenian.
Darius, Behishtan (DB), Column 1:
Trilingual inscription on face of a gorge beneath panel of
sculptures
Text:
Translation:
1 : adam : Dârayavaush : xshâyathiya : vazraka : xshâyatha
: xshâyathiy
2 ânâm : xshâyathiya : Pârsaiy : xshâyathiya
: dahyûnâm : Visht
3 âspahyâ : puça : Arshâmahyâ napâ
: Haxâmanishiya : thâtiy :
4 Dârayavaush : xshâyathiya : manâ : pitâ
: Vishtâspa : Vishtâspahyâ : pitâ : Arsh
5 âma : Arshâmahyâ : pitâ : Ariyâramna
: Ariyâramnahyâ : pitâ: Cishpish : Cishp
6 âish : pitâ : Haxâmanish : thâtiy :
Dârayavaush : xshâthiya : avahyarâ
7 diy : vayam : Haxâmanishiyâ : thahyâmahy :
hacâ : paruviyata : âmâtâ : ama
8 hy hacâ : paruviyata :hyâ :amâxam : taumâ
: xshâyathiyâ : âha : th
9 âtiy : Dârayavaush : xshâyathiya : VIII :
manâ : taumâyâ : tyaiy : paruvam
10 xshâyathiyâ : âha : adam navama : IX : duvitâparanam
: vavam : xshâyathi
11 yâ : amahy : thâtiy : Dârayavaush : xshâyathiya
: vashnâ : Auramazd
12 âha : adam : xshâyathiya : amiy : Auzamazdâ
: xshaçam : manâ : frâbara : th
13 âtiy : Dârayavaush : xshâyathiya : imâ
: dahyâva : tyâ : manâ : patiyâisha :
vashn
14 â : Auramazdâha : adamshâm : xshâyathiya
: âham : Pârsa : Ûvja : Bâbirush : A
15 thurâ : Arabâya : Mudrâya : tyaiy : drayahyâ
: Sparda : Yauna : Mâda : Armina : Kat
16 patuka : Parthava : Zraka : Haraiva : Uvârazmîy
: Bâxtrish : Suguda : Gadâra : Sa
17 ka : Thatagush : Harauvatish : Maka : fraharavam : dahyâva
: XXIII : thâtiy : Dâra
18 yavaush : xshâyathiya : imâ : dahyâva : tyâ
: manâ : patiyâita : vashnâ : Au
19 ramazdâha : manâ : badakâ : âhatâ
: manâ : bâjim : abaratâ : tyashâm : hacâma
20 : athahya : xshapava : raucapativâ : ava : akunavayatâ
: thâtiy : Dârayava
21 ush : xshâyathiya : atar : imâ : dahyâva
: martiya : hya : âgariya : âha : avam : u
22 bartam : abaram : hya : arika : âha : avam : ufrastam
: aparsam : vashnâ : Auramazdâ
23 ha : imâ : dahyâva : tyanâ : manâ :
dâtâ : apariyâya : yathâshâm : hacâma
: athah
24 ya : avathâ : akunavayatâ : thâtiy : Dârayavaush
: xshâyathiya : Auramazdâ
25 maiy : ima xshaçam : frâbara : Auramazdâmaiy
: upastâm : abara : yâtâ : ima : xshaçam
26 hamadârayaiy : vashnâ : Auramazdâha : ima
: xshaçam : dârayâmiy : thâ
27 tiy : Dârayavaush : xshâyathiya : ima : tya : manâ
: kartam : pasâva : yathâ : xsh
28 âyathiya : abavam : Kabûjiya : nâma : Kûraush
: puça : amâxam : taumây
29 â : hauvam : idâ : xshâyathiya : âha
: avahyâ : Kabûjiyahyâ : brâ
30 tâ : Bardiya : nâma : âha : hamâtâ
: hamapitâ : Kabûjiyahyâ : pasâva : Ka
31 bûjiya : avam : Bardiyam : avâja : yathâ
: Kabûjiya : Bardiyam : avâja : kârahy
32 â : naiy : azdâ : abava : tya : Bardiya : avajata
: pasâva : Kabûjiya : Mudrâyam
33 : ashiyava : yathâ : Kabûjiya : Mudrâyam
: ashiyava : pasâva : kâra : arika : abava
34 : pasâva : drauga : dahyauvâ : vasiy : abava :
utâ : Pârsaiy : utâ : Mâdaiy : ut
35 â : aniyâuvâ : dahyushuvâ : thâtiy
: Dârayavaush : xshâyathiya : pa
36 sâva : I martiya : magush : âha : Gaumâta
: nâma : hauv : udapatatâ : hacâ : Paishi
37 yâuvâdâyâ : Arakadrish : nâma
: kaufa : hacâ : avadasha : Viyaxnahya : mâh
38 yâ : XIV : raucabish : thakatâ : âha : yadiy
: udapatatâ : hauv : kârahyâ : avathâ
39 : adurujiya : adam : Bardiya : amiy : hya : Kûraush :
puça : Kabûjiyahyâ : br
40 âtâ : pasâva : kâra : haruva : hamiçiya
: abava : hacâ : Kabûjiyâ : abiy : avam :
41 ashiyava : utâ : Pârsa : utâ : Mâda
: utâ : aniyâ : dahyâva : xshaçam : hauv
42 : agarbâyatâ : Garmapadahya : mâhyâ
: IX : raucabish : thakatâ : âha : avathâ :
xsha
43 çam : agarbâyatâ : pasâva : Kabûjiya
: uvâmarshiyush : amariyatâ : thâtiy
44 : Dârayavaush : xshâyathiya : aita : xshaçam
: tya : Gaumâta : hya : magush : adîn
45 â : Kabûjiyam : aita : xshaçam : hacâ
: paruviyata : amâxam : taumâyâ : â
46 ha : pasâva : Gaumâta : hya : adînâ
: Kabûjiyam : utâ : Pârsam : utâ
47 : Mâdam : utâ : aniyâ : dahyâva : hauv
: âyasatâ : uvâpashiyam : akutâ : hau
48 v : xshâyathiya : abava : thâtiy : Dârayavaush
: xshâyathiya : naiy : âha : martiya :
49 naiy : Pârsa : naiy : Mâda : naiy : amâxam
: taumâyâ : kashciy : hya : avam : Gau
50 mâtam : tyam : magum : xshaçam : dîtam :
caxriyâ : kârashim : hacâ : darsham : a
51 tarsa : kâram : vasiy : avâjaniyâ : hya :
paranam : Bardiyam : adânâ : avahyar
52 âdiy : kâram : avâjaniyâ : mâtyamâm
: xshnâsâtiy : tya : adam : naiy : Bard
53 iya : amiy : hya : Kûraush : puça : kashciy :
naiy : adarshnaush : cishciy : thastana
54 iy : pariy : Gaumâtam : tyam : magum : yâtâ
: adam : arasam : pasâva : adam : Aura
55 maz(d)âm : patiyâvahyaiy : Auramazdâmaiy
: upastâm : abara : Bâgayâdaish :
56 mâhyâ : X : raucabish : thakatâ : âha
: avathâ :adam : hadâ : kamnaibish : martiyaibi
57 sh : avam : Gaumâtam : tyam : magum avâjanam :
utâ : tyaishaiy : fratamâ : mar
58 tiyâ : anushiyâ : âhatâ : Sikayauvatish
: nâmâ : didâ : Nisâya : nâ
59 mâ : dahyâush : Mâdaiy : avadashim : avâjanam
: xshaçamshim : adam : adînam : va
60 shnâ : Auramazdâha : adam : xshâyathiya :
abavam : Auramazdâ : xshaçam : manâ : fr
61 âbara : thâtiy : Dârayavaush : xshâyathiya
: xshaçam : tya : hacâ : amâxam ta
62 umâyâ : parâbartam : âha : ava : adam
: patipadam : akunavam : adamshim : gâtha
63 vâ : avâstâyam : yathâ : paruvamciy
: avathâ : adam : akunavam : âyadan
64 â : tyâ : Gaumâta : hya : magush : viyaka
: adam : niyaçârayam : kârahyâ : abi
65 carish : gaithâmcâ : mâniyamcâ : vithbishcâ
: tyâdish : Gaumâta : hya :
66 magush : adînâ : adam : kâram : gâthavâ
: avâstâyam : Pârsamcâ : Mâdamc
67 â : utâ : aniyâ : dahyâva : yathâ
: paruvamciy : avathâ : adam : tya : parâbarta
68 m : patiyabaram : vashnâ : Auramazdâha : ima :
adam : akunavam : adam : hamataxshaiy :
69 yâtâ : vitham : tyâm : amâxam : gâthavâ
: avâstâyam : yathâ : paruvamciy :
70 avathâ : adam : hamataxshaiy : vashnâ : Auramazdâha
: yathâ : Gaumâta : hya : magu
71 sh : vitham : tyâm : amâxam : naiy : parâbara
: thâtiy : Dârayavaush : xshâyath
72 iya : ima : tya : adam : akunavam : pasâva : yathâ
: xshâyathiya : abavam : thâtiy
73 : Dârayavaush : xshâyathiya : yathâ : adam
: Gaumâtam : tyam : magum avâjanam : pa
74 sâva : I martiya : Âçina : nâma :
Upadarmahyâ : puça : hauv : udapatatâ : Ûvjai
75 y : kârahyâ : avathâ : athaha : adam : Ûvjaiy
: xshâyathiya : amiy : pasâva : Ûv
76 jiyâ : hamiçiyâ : abava : abiy : avam :
Âçinam : ashiyava : hauv : xshâyathiya
77 abava : Ûvjaiy : utâ : I martiya : Bâbiruviya
: Naditabaira : nâma : Ainairahy
78 â : puça : hauv : udapatatâ : Bâbirauv : kâram : avathâ :
adurujiya : adam : Nab
79 ukudracara : amiy : hya : Nabunaitahyâ : puça
: pasâva : kâra : hya : Bâbiruviya
80 : haruva : abiy : avam : Naditabairam : ashiyava : Bâbirush : hamiçiya : abava : x
81 shaçam : tya : Bâbirauv : hauv : agarbâyatâ
: thâtiy : Dârayavaush : xshâya
82 thiya : pasâva : adam : frâishayam : Ûvjam
: hauv : Âçina : basta : anayatâ : abiy : mâ
83 m : adamshim : avâjanam : thâtiy : Dârayavaush
: xshâyathiya : pasâva : adam : Bâ
84 birum : ashiyavam : abiy : avam : Naditabairam : hya : Nabukudracara
: agaubatâ
85 : kâra : hya : Naditabairahyâ : Tigrâm : adâraya : : avadâ :
aishtatâ : utâ
86 abish : nâviyâ : âha : pasâva : adam
: kâram : mashkâuvâ : avâkanam : aniyam
: usha
87 bârim : akunavam : aniyahyâ : asam : frânayam
: Auramazdâmaiy : upastâm
88 : abara : vashnâ : Auramazdâha : Tigrâm :
viyatarayâmâ : avadâ : avam : kâram :
89 tyam : Naditabairahyâ : adam : ajanam : vasiy : Âçiyâdiyahya
: mâhyâ : XXVI : rau
90 cabish : thakatâ : âha : avathâ : hamaranam
: akumâ : thâtiy : Dârayavaush : x
91 shâyathiya : pasâva : adam : Bâbirum : ashiyavam
: athiy : Bâbirum : yathâ : naiy : up
92 âyam : Zâzâna : nâma : vardanam : anuv
: Ufrâtuvâ : avadâ : hauv : Nadita
93 baira : hya : Nabukudracara : agaubatâ : âish :
hadâ : kârâ : patish : mâm : hamaranam
94 cartanaiy : pasâva hamaranam akumâ : Auramazdâmaiy : upastâm : abara :
vashnâ : Aurama
95 zdâha : kâram : tyam : Naditabairahyâ : adam
: ajanam : vasiy : aniya : âpiyâ : âhyatâ
: â
96 pishim : parâbara : Anâmakahya : mâhyâ
: II : raucabish : thakatâ : âha : avathâ : hamaranam
akumâ
1. (1.1-3.) I am Darius the Great King, King of Kings, King in
Persia, King of countries, son of Hystaspes, grandson of
Arsames, an Achaemenian.
2. (1.3-6.) Darius the King says: My father was Hystaspes; Hystaspes'
father was Arsames; Arsames' father was Ariaramnes; Ariaramnes'
father was Teispes; Teispes' father was Achaemenes.
3. (1.6-8.) Darius the King says: For this reason we are called
Achaemenians. From long ago we have been noble. From long ago
our family had been kings.
4. (1.8-11.) Darius the King says: there were 8 of our family
who were kings before me; I am the ninth; 9 in succession we have
been kings.
5. (1.11-2.) Darius the King says: By the favor of Ahuramazda
I am King; Ahuramazda bestowed the kingdom upon me.
6. (1.12-7.) Darius the King says: These are the countries which
came to me; by the favor of Ahuramazda I was king of them: Persia,
Elam, Babylonia, Assyria, Arabia, Egypt, (those) who are beside
the sea, Sardis, Ionia, Media, Armenia, Cappadocia, Parthia, Drangiana,
Aria, Chorasmia, Bactria, Sogdiana, Gandara, Scythia, Sattagydia,
Arachosia, Maka: in all, 23 provinces.
7. (1.17-20.) Darius the King says: These are the countries which
came to me; by the favor of Ahuramazda they were my subjects;
they bore tribute to me; what was said to them by me either
by night or by day, that was done.
8. (1.20-4.) Darius the King says: Within these countries, the
man who was loyal, him I rewarded well; (him) who was evil, him
I punished well; by the favor of Ahuramazda these countries showed
respect toward my law; as was said to them by me, thus was it
done.
9. (1.24-26.) Darius the King says: Ahuramazda bestowed the kingdom
upon me; Ahuramazda bore me aid until I got possession of this
kingdom; by the favor of Ahuramazda I hold this kingdom.
10. (1.26-35.) Darius the King says: This is what was done by
me after I became king. A son of Cyrus, Cambyses by name,
of our family -- he was king here of that Cambyses there was a
brother, Smerdis by name, having the same mother and the same
father as Cambyses. Afterwards, Cambyses slew that Smerdis. When
Cambyses slew Smerdis, it did not become known to the people that
Smerdis had been slain. Afterwards, Cambyses went to Egypt. When
Cambyses had gone off to Egypt, after that the people became evil.
After that the Lie waxed great in the country, both in Persia
and in Media and in the other provinces.
11. (1.35-43.) Darius the King says: Afterwards, there was one
man, a Magian, named Gaumata; he rose up from Paishiyauvada.
A mountain named Arakadri -- from there 14 days of the month
Viyakhna were past when he rose up. He lied to the people thus:
"I am Smerdis, the son of Cyrus, brother of Cambyses."
After that, all the people became rebellious from Cambyses, (and)
went over to him, both Persia and Media and the other provinces.
He seized the kingdom; of the month Garmapada 9 days were past,
then he seized the kingdom. After that, Cambyses died by his own
hand.
12. (1.43-8.) Darius the King says: This kingdom which Gaumata
the Magian took away from Cambyses, this kingdom from long ago
had belonged to our family. After that, Gaumata the Magian took
(it) from Cambyses; he took to himself both Persia and Media and
the other provinces, he made (them) his own possession, he became
king.
13. (1.48-61.) Darius the King says: There was not a man, neither
a Persian nor a Mede nor anyone of our family, who might make
that Gaumata the Magian deprived of the kingdom. The people feared
him greatly, (thinking that) he would slay in numbers the people
who previously had known Smerdis; for this reason he would slay
the people, "lest they know me, that I am not Smerdis the
son of Cyrus." Nobody dared say anything about Gaumata
the Magian, until I came. After that I sought help of Ahuramazda;
Ahuramazda bore me aid; of the month Bagayadi 10 days were past,
then I with a few men slew that Gaumata the Magian, and those
who were his foremost followers. A fortress named Sikayauvati,
a district named Nisaya, in Media -- here I slew him. I took
the kingdom from him. By the favor of Ahuramazda I became king;
Ahuramazda bestowed the kingdom upon me.
14. (1.61-71.) Darius the King says: The kingdom which had been
taken away from our family, that I put in its Place; I reestablished
it on its foundation. As before, so I made the sanctuaries which
Gaumata the Magian destroyed. I restored to the people the pastures
and the herds, the household slaves and the houses which Gaumata
the Magian took away from them. I reestablished the people on
its foundation, both Persia and Media and the other provinces.
As before, so I brought back what had been taken away. By the
favor of Ahuramazda this I did: I strove until I reestablished
our royal house on its foundation as (it was) before. So I strove,
by the favor of Ahuramazda, so that Gaumata the Magian did not
remove our royal house.
15. (1.71-2.) Darius the King says: This is what I did after
I became king.
16. (1.72-81.) Darius the King says: When I had slain Gaumata
the Magian, afterwards one man, named Asina, son of Upadarma
-- he rose up in Elam. To the people he said thus: "I am
king in Elam." Afterwards the Elamites became rebellious,
(and) went over to that Asina; he became king in Elam. And one
man, a Babylonian, named Nidintu-Bel, son of Ainaira -- he rose
up in Babylon; thus he deceived the people: "I am Nebuchadrezzar
the son of Nabonidus." Afterwards the Babylonian people all
went over to that Nidintu-Bel; Babylonia became rebellious; he
seized the kingdom in Babylon.
17. (1.81-3). Darius the King says: After that I sent (a message)
to Elam. This Acina was led to me bound; I slew him.
18. (1.83-90). Darius the King says: After that I went off to
Babylon, against that Nidintu-Bel who called himself Nebuchadrezzar.
The army of Nidintu-Bel held the Tigris; there it took its stand,
and on account of the waters (the Tigris) was unfordable. Thereupon
(some of) my army I supported on (inflated) skins, others I made
camel-borne, for others I brought horses. Ahuramazda bore me aid;
by the favor of Ahuramazda we got across the Tigris. There I smote
that army of Nidintu-Bel exceedingly; of the month Asiyadiya 26
days were past, then we fought the battle.
19. (1.90-6). Darius the King says: After that I went off to Babylon.
When I had not arrived at Babylon, a town named Zazana, beside
the Euphrates -- there this Nidintu-Bel who called himself Nebuchadrezzar
came with an army against me, to deliver battle. Thereupon we
Joined battle; Ahuramazda bore me aid; by the favor of Ahuramazda
I smote that army of Nidintu-Bel exceedingly. The rest was thrown
into the water, (and) the water carried it away. Of the month
Anamaka 2 days were past, then we fought the battle.
DB, COLUMN 2:
Text:
Translation:
1 : thâtiy : Dârayavaush : xshâyathiya : pasâva
: Naditabaira : ha
2 dâ : kamnaibish : asabâraibish : amutha : Bâbirum
: ashiya
3 va : pasâva : adam : Bâbirum : ashiyavam : vashnâ
: Auramazdâha : utâ Bâ
4 birum : agarbâyam : utâ : avam : Naditabairam :
agarbâyam : pasâva : ava
5 m : Naditabairam : adam : Bâbirauv : avâjanam :
thâtiy : Dârayavaush : x
6 shâyathiya : yâtâ : adam : Babirauv : âham
: imâ : dahyâva : tyâ : hacâma : ha
7 miçiyâ : abava : Pârsa : Ûvja : Mâda
: Athurâ : Mudrâya : Parthava : Margush : Tha
8 tagush : Saka : thâtiy : Dârayavaush : xshâyathiya
: I martiya : Martiya : nâ
9 ma : Cicixrâish : puça : Kuganakâ : nâma
: vardanam : Pârsaiy : avadâ : adâraya :
10 hauv : udapatatâ : Ûvjaiy : kârahyâ
: avathâ : athaha : adam : Imanish : amiy : Û
11 vjaiy : xshâyathiya : thâtiy : Dârayavaush
: xshâyathiya : adakaiy : adam : ashna
12 iy : âham : abiy : Ûvjam : pasâva : hacâma
: atarsa : Ûvjiyâ : avam : Marti
13 yam : agarbâya : hyashâm : mathishta : âha
: utâshim : avâjana : thâtiy : D
14 ârayavaush : xshayathiya : I martiya : Fravartish : nâma
: Mâda : hauv : udapatat
15 â : Mâdaiy : kârahyâ : avathâ
: athaha : adam : Xshathrita : amiy : Uvaxshtrah
16 yâ : taumâyâ : pasâva : kâra
: Mâda : hya : uithâpatiy : hauv : hacâma :
hamiçiya : a
17 bava : abiy : avam : Fravartim : ashiyava : hauv : xshâyathiya
: abava : Mâdaiy :
18 thâtiy : Dârayavaush : xshâyathiya : kâra
: Pârsa : utâ : Mâda : hya : upâ : mâm
: â
19 ha : hauv : kamnam : âha : pasâva : adam : kâram
: frâishayam : Vidarna : nâma : Pârsa : man
20 â : badaka : avamshâm : mathishtam : akunavam :
avathâshâm : athaham : paraitâ : avam : k
21 âram : tyam : Mâdam : jatâ : hya : manâ
: naiy : gaubataiy : pasâva : hauv : Vidarna : ha
22 dâ : kârâ : ashiyava : yathâ : Mâdam
: parârasa : Mârush : nâma : vardanam : Mâ
23 daiy : avadâ : hamaranam : akunaush : hadâ : Mâdaibish
: hya : Mâdaishuva
24 : mathishta : âha : hauv : adakaiy : naiy : avadâ
: âha : Auramazdâmaiy : u
25 pastâm : abara : vashnâ : Auramazdâha : kâra
: hya : manâ : avam : kâram : t
26 yam : hamiçiyam : aja : vasiy : Anâmakahya : mâhyâ
: XXVII : raucabish : thakat
27 â : âha : avathâshâm : hamaranam :
kartam : pasâva : hauv : kâra : hya : manâ :
Kapada : nâm
28 â : dahyâush : Mâdaiy : avadâ : mâm
: amânaiya : yâtâ : adam : arasam : Mâda
29 m : thâtiy : Dârayavaush : xshâyathiya :
Dâdarshish : nâma : Arminiya : man
30 â : badaka : avam : adam : frâishayam : Arminam
: avathâshaiy : athaham : paraidiy : kâ
31 ra : hya : hamiçiva : manâ : naiy : gaubataiy
: avam : jadiy : pasâva : Dâdarshi
32 sh : ashiyava : yathâ : Arminam : parârasa : pasâva
: hamiçiyâ : hagmati : parai
33 tâ : patish : Dâdarshim : hamaranam : cartanaiy
: Zûzahya : nâma : âvahanam : A
34 rminiyaiy : avadâ : hamaranam : akunava : Auramazdâmaiy
: upastâm : a
35 bara : vashnâ : Auramazdâha : kâra : hya
: manâ : avam : kâram : tyam : hamiçiyam :
36 aja : vasiy : Thûravâharahya : mâhyâ
: VIII : raucabish : thakatâ : âha : avath
37 âshâm : hamaranam : kartam : thâtiy : Dârayavaush
: xshâyathiya : patiy : duv
38 itîyam : hamiçiyâ : hagmatâ : paraitâ
: patish : Dâdarshim : hamaranam : carta
39 naiy : Tigra : nâmâ : didâ : Arminiyaiy :
avadâ : hamaranam : akunava : A
40 uramazdâmaiy : upastâm : abara : vashnâ :
Auramazdâha : kâra : hya : manâ : a
41 vam : kâram : tyam : hamiçiyam : aja : vasiy :
Thûravâharahya : mâhyâ : XVIII
42 : raucabish : thakatâ : âha : avathâshâm
: hamaranam : kartam : thâtiy : Dâraya
43 vaush : xshâyathiya : patiy : çitîyam :
hamiçiyâ : hagmatâ : paraitâ : pat
44 ish : Dâdarshim : hamaranam : cartanaiy : Uyamâ
: nâmâ : didâ : Arminiyaiy : a
45 vadâ : hamaranam : akunava : Auramazdâmaiy : upastâm
: abara : vashnâ : Aurama
46 zdâha : kâra : hya : manâ : avam : kâram
: tyam : hamiçiyam : aja : vasiy : Thâigarca
47 ish : mâhyâ : IX : raucabish : thakatâ :
âha : avathâshâm : hamaranam : kartam : pasâva
48 : Dâdarshish : citâ : mâm : amânaya
: Arminiyaiy : yâtâ : adam : arasam : Mâ
49 dam : thâtiy : Dârayavaush : xshâyathiya
: pasâva : Vaumisa : nâma : Pârsa : manâ
: ba
50 daka : avam : adam : frâishayam : Arminam : avathâshaiy
: athaham : paraidiy : kâra :
51 hya : hamiçiya : manâ : naiy : gaubataiy : avam
: jadiy : pasâva : Vaumisa : a
52 shiyava : yathâ : Arminam : parârasa : pasâva
: hamiçiyâ : hagmatâ : paraitâ : pa
53 tish : Vaumisam hamaranam : cartanaiy : Izalâ : nâmâ
: dahyâush : Athurây
54 â : avadâ : hamaranam : akunava : Auramazdâmaiy
: upastâm abara : vashnâ : Au
55 ramazdâha : kâra : hya : manâ : avam : kâram
: tyam : hamiçiyam : aja : vasiy :
56 Anâmakahya : mâhyâ : XV : raucabish : thakatâ
: âha : avathâshâm : hamaranam :
57 kartam : thâtiy : Dârayavaush : xshâyathiya
: patiy : duvitîyam : ham
58 içiyâ : hagmatâ : paraitâ : patish
: Vaumisam : hamaranam : cartanaiy : Au
59 tiyâra : nâmâ : dahyâush : Arminiyaiy
: avadâ : hamaranam : akunava :
60 Auramazdâmaiy : upastâm : abara : vashnâ
: Auramazdâha : kâra : hya : ma
61 nâ : avam : kâram : tyam : hamiçiyam : aja
: vasiy : Thûravâharahya : mâh
62 yâ : jiyamnam : patiy : avathâshâm : hamaranam
: kartam : pasâva : Vaumisa
63 : citâ : mâm : amânaya : Arminiyâiy
: yâtâ : adam : arasam : Mâdam
64 : thâtiy : Dârayavaush : xshâyathiya : pasâva
: adam : nijâyam : hacâ :
65 Bâbiraush : ashiyavam : Mâdam : yathâ : Mâdam
: parârasam : Kudurush : nâma :
66 vardanam : Mâdaiy : avadâ : hauv : Fravartish :
hya : Mâdaiy : xshâyathiya : a
67 gaubatâ : âish : hadâ : kârâ
: patish : mâm : hamaranam : cartanaiy : pasâva hamarana
68 m : akumâ : Auramazdâmaiy : upastâm : abara
: vashnâ : Auramazdâha : kâram
69 : tyam : Fravartaish : adam : ajanam : vasiy : Adukanaishahya
: mâhyâ : XXV : ra
70 ucabish : thakatâ : âha : avathâ : hamaranam
: akumâ : thâtiy : Dârayavaush : x
71 shâyathiya : pasâva : hauv : Fravartish : hadâ
: kamnaibish : asabâraibish : amutha : Ra
72 gâ : nâmâ : dahyâush : Mâdaiy
: avaparâ : ashiyava : pasâva : adam : kâram
: f
73 râishayam : nipadiy : Fravartish : âgarbîta
: anayatâ : abiy : mâm : ada
74 mshaiy : utâ : nâham : utâ : gaushâ
: utâ : hazânam : frâjanam : utâsha
75 iy : I casham : avajam : duvarayâmaiy : basta : adâriya
: haruvashim : k
76 âra : avaina : pasâvashim : Hagmatânaiy :
uzmayâpatiy : akunavam
77 : utâ : martiyâ : tyaishaiy : fratamâ : anushiyâ
: âhatâ : avaiy : Ha
78 gmatânaiy : atar : didâm : frâhajam : thâtiy
: Dârayavaush : xsh
79 âyathiya : I martiya : Ciçataxma : nâma
: Asagartiya : hauvmaiy : hamiçiya :
80 abava : kârahyâ : avathâ : athaha : adam
: xshâyathiya : amiy : Asagarta
81 iy : Uvaxshtrahyâ : taumâyâ : pasâva
: adam : kâram : Pârsam : ut
82 â : Mâdam : frâishayam : Taxmaspâda
: nâma : Mâda : manâ : badaka : avam
83 shâm : mathishtam : akunavam : avathâshâm
: athaham : paraitâ : k
84 âram : hamiçiyam : hya : manâ : naiy : gaubâtaiy
: avam : jatâ : pas
85 âva : Taxmaspâda : hadâ : kârâ
: ashiyava : hamaranam : akunaush : had
86 â : Ciçataxmâ : Auramazdâmaiy : upastâm
: abara : vashnâ : Auramaz
87 dâha : kâra : hya : manâ : avam : kâram
: tyam : hamiçiyam : aja : utâ : C
88 içataxmam : agarbâya : anaya : abiy : mâm
pasâvashaiy : adam : utâ : n
89 âham : utâ : gaushâ : frâjanam : utâshaiy
: I casham : avajam : duvarayâ
90 maiy : basta : adâriya : haruvashim : kâra : avaina
: pasâvashim Arbairâyâ :
91 uzmayâpatiy : akunavam : thatiy : Dârayavaush :
xshâyathiya : ima : tya : ma
92 nâ : kartam : Mâdaiy : thâtiy : Dârayavaush
: xshâyathiya : Parthava : utâ : Var
93 kâna : hamiçiyâ : abava : hacâma :
Fravartaish : agaubatâ : Vishtâspa : manâ :
pitâ : ha
94 uv : Parthavaiy : âha : avam : kâra : avaharda
: hamiçiya : abava : pasâva : Vishtâspa :
95 ashiyava : hadâ : kârâ : hyashaiy : anushiya
: âha : Vishpauzâtish : nâma : varda
96 nam : Parthavaiy : avadâ : hamaranam : akunaush : hadâ
: Parthavaibish : Auramazdâmaiy
97 : upastâm : abara : vashnâ : Auramazdâha
: Vishtâspa : avam : kâram : tyam : hamiçiya
98 m : aja : vasiy : Viyaxnahya : mâhyâ : XXII : raucabish
: thakatâ : âha : avathâshâm : hamaranam
: kartam
20. (2.1-5.) Darius the King says: After that, Nidintu-Bel with
a few horsemen fled; he went off to Babylon. Thereupon I went
to Babylon. By the favor of Ahuramazda both I seized Babylon and
I took that Nidintu-Bel prisoner. After that, I slew that Nidintu-Bel
at Babylon.
21. (2.5-8.) Darius the King says: While I was in Babylon, these
are the provinces which became rebellious from me: Persia, Elam,
Media, Assyria, Egypt, Parthia, Margiana, Sattagydia, Scythia.
22. (2.8-11.) Darius the King says: One man, named Martiya,
son of Cincikhri -- a town named Kuganaka, in Persia -- there
he abode. He rose up in Elam; to the people thus he said, "I
am Imanish, king in Elam."
23. (2.11-3.) Darius the King says: At that time I was near Elam.
Thereupon the Elamites were afraid of me; they seized that Martiya
who was their chief, and slew him.
24. (2.13-7.) Darius the King says: One man, named Phraortes,
a Median -- he rose up in Media. To the people thus he said, "I
am Khshathrita, of the family of Cyaxares." Thereafter the
Median army which (was) in the palace, became rebellious from
me, (and) went over to that Phraortem. He became king in Media.
25. (2.18-29.) Darius the King says: The Persian and Median army
which was with me, this was a small (force). Thereupon I sent
forth an army. A Persian named Hydarnes, my subject -- I
made him chief of them; I said to them thus: "Go forth, smite
that Median army which does not call itself mine!" Thereupon
this Hydarnes with the army marched off. When he arrived in Media,
a town named Maru, in Media -- there he joined battle with the
Medes. He who was chief among the Medes, he at that time was not
there. Ahuramazda bore me aid; by the favor of Ahuramazda my army
smote that rebellious army exceedingly. Of the month Anamaka 27
days were past, then the battle was fought by them. Thereafter
this army of mine, a district named Kampanda, in Media -- there
it waited for me until I arrived in Media.
26. (2.29-37.) Darius the King says: An Armenian named Dadarshi,
my subject -- I sent him forth to Armenia. I said to him: "Go
forth, that rebellious army which does not call itself mine, that
do you smite!" Thereupon Dadarshi marched off. When he arrived
in Armenia, thereafter the rebels assembled (and) came out against
Dadarshi to join battle. A place named Zuzahya, in Armenia --
there they joined battle. Ahuramazda bore me aid; by the favor
of Ahuramazda my army smote that rebellious army exceedingly;
of the month Thuravahara 8 days were past, then the battle was
fought by them.
27. (2.37-42.) Darius the King says: Again a second time the rebels
assembled (and) came out against Dadarshi to join battle. A stronghold
named Tigra, in Armenia -- there they joined battle. Ahuramazda
bore me aid; by the favor of Ahuramazda my army smote that rebellious
army exceedingly; of the month Thuravahara 18 days were past,
then the battle was fought by them.
28. (2.42-9.) Darius the King says: Again a third time the rebels
assembled (and) came out against Dadarshi to join battle. A fortress
named Uyama, in Armenia -- there they joined battle. Ahuramazda
bore me aid; by the favor of Ahuramazda my army smote that rebellious
army exceedingly; of the month Thaigarci 9 days were past, then
the battle was fought by them. Thereafter Dadarshi waited for
me until I arrived in Media.
29. (2.49-57.) Darius the King says: Thereafter a Persian named
Vaumisa, my subject-him I sent forth to Armenia. Thus I said to
him: "Go forth; the rebellious army which does not call itself
mine -- smite them!" Thereupon Vaumisa marched off. When
he arrived in Armenia, then the rebels assembled (and) came out
against Vaumisa to join battle. A district named Izala, in Assyria
-- there they joined battle. Ahuramazda bore me aid; by the favor
of Ahuramazda my army smote that rebellious army exceedingly;
of the month Anamaka 15 days were past, then the battle was fought
by them.
30. (2.57-63.) Darius the King says: Again a second time the rebels
assembled (and) came out against Vaumisa to join battle. A district
named Autiyara, in Armenia -- there they joined battle. Ahuramazda
bore me aid; by the favor of Ahuramazda my army smote that rebellious
army exceedingly; on the last day of the month Thuravaharâthen
the battle was fought by them. After that, Vaumisa waited for
me in Armenia until I arrived in Media.
31. (2.64-70.) Darius the King says: Thereafter I went away from
Babylon (and) arrived in Media. When I arrived in Media, a town
named Kunduru, in Media -- there this Phraortes who called himself
king in Media came with an army against me to join battle. Thereafter
we joined battle. Ahuramazda bore me aid; by the favor of Ahuramazda
that army of Phraortes I smote exceedingly; of the month Adukanaisha
25 days were past, then we fought the battle.
32. (2.70-8.) Darius the King says: Thereafter this Phraortes
with a few horsemen fled; a district named Raga, in Media --
along there he went off. Thereafter I sent an army in pursuit;
Phraortes, seized, was led to me. I cut off his nose and ears
and tongue, and put out one eye; he was kept bound at my palace
entrance, all the people saw him. Afterward I impaled him at Ecbatana;
and the men who were his foremost followers, those at Ecbatana
within the fortress I (flayed and) hung out (their hides, stuffed
with straw).
33. (2.78-91.) Darius the King says: One man named Cisantakhma,
a Sagartian -- he became rebellious to me; thus he said to the
people, "I am king in Sagartia, of the family of Cyaxares."
Thereupon I sent off a Persian and Median army; a Mede named
Takhmaspada, my subject -- I made him chief of them. I said
to them thus: "Go forth; the hostile army which shall not call
itself mine, and smite them!" Thereupon Takhmaspada with
the army went off; he joined battle with Cisantakhma. Ahuramazda
bore me aid; by the favor of Ahuramazda my army smote that rebellious
army and took Cisantakhma prisoner, (and) led him to me. Afterwards
I cut off both his nose and ears, and put out one eye, he was
kept bound at my palace entrance, all the people saw him. Afterwards
I impaled him at Arbela.
34. (2.91-2.) Darius the King says: This is what was done by me
in Media.
35. (2.92-8.) Darius the King says: Parthia and Hyrcania became
rebellious from me, called themselves (adherents) of Phraortes.
Hystaspes my father -- he was in Parthia; him the people abandoned,
became rebellious. Thereupon Hystaspes went forth with the army
which was faithful to him. A town named Vishpauzati, in Parthia
-- there he joined battle with the Parthians. Ahuramazda bore
me aid; by the favor of Ahuramazda Hystaspes smote that rebellious
army exceedingly; of the month Viyakhna 22 days were past -- then
the battle was fought by them.
DB, COLUMN 3:
Text:
Translation:
1 : thâtiy : Dârayavaush : xshâyathiya : pasâva
: adam : kâra
2 m : Pârsam : frâishayam : abiy : Vishtâspam
: hacâ : Ragâ
3 yâ : yathâ : hauv : kâra : parârasa
: abiy : Vishtâspam
4 : pasâva : Vishtâspa : âyasatâ : avam
: kâram : ashiyava : Patigraba
5 nâ : nâma : vardanam : Parthavaiy : avadâ
: hamaranam : akunaush : hadâ :
6 hamiçiyaibish : Auramazdâmaiy : upastâm :
abara : vashnâ : Auramaz
7 dâha : Vishtâspa : avam : kâram : tyam : hamiçiyam
: aja : vasiy : Ga
8 rmapadahya : mâhya : I : rauca : thakatam : âha
: avathâshâm : hamaranam : ka
9 rtam : thâtiy : Dârayavaush : xshâyathiya
: pasâva : dahyâush : ma
10 nâ : abava : ima : tya : manâ : kartam : Parthavaiy
: thâtiy : Dârayavau
11 sh : xshâyathiya : Margush : nâmâ : dahyâush
: hauvmaiy : hamiçiyâ : abava
12 : I martiya : Frâda : nâma : Mârgava : avam
: mathishtam : akunavatâ : pasâ
13 va : adam : frâishayam : Dâdarshish : nâma
: Pârsa : manâ : badaka : Bâxtriy
14 â : xshaçapâvâ : abiy : avam : avathâshaiy
: athaham : paraidiy : ava
15 m : kâram : jadiy : hya : manâ : naiy : gaubataiy
: pasâva : Dâdarshish : hadâ : k
16 ârâ : ashiyava : hamaranam : akunaush : hadâ
: Mârgavaibish : Auramazd
17 âmaiy : upastâm : abara : vashnâ : Auramazdâha
: kâra : hya : manâ : avam : kâram
18 : tyam : hamiçiyam : aja : vasiy : Âçiyâdiyahya
: mâhyâ : XXIII : raucabi
19 sh : thakatâ : âha : avathâshâm : hamaranam
: kartam : thâtiy : Dârayavau
20 sh : xshâyathiya : pasâva : dahyâush : manâ
: abava : ima : tya : ma
21 nâ : kartam : Bâxtriyâ : thâtiy : Dârayavaush
: xshâya
22 thiya : I martiya : Vahyazdâta : nâma : Târavâ
: nâma : vardanam
23 : Yautiyâ : nâmâ : dahyâush : Pârsaiy
: avadâ : adâraya : ha
24 uv : duivitîyam : udapatatâ : Pârsaiy : kârahyâ
: avathâ
25 : athaha : adam : Bardiya : amiy : hya : Kûraush : puça
: pasâva
26 : kâra : Pârsa : hya : Vithâpatiy : hacâ
: Yadâyâ : frataram : ha
27 uv : hacâma : hamiçiya : abava : abiy : avam :
Vahyazdâta
28 m : ashiyava : hauv : xshâyathiya : abava : Pârsaiy
: thâ
29 tiy : Dârayavaush : xshâyathiya : pasâva
: adam : kâram : Pârsa
30 m : utâ : Mâdam : frâishayam : hya : upâ
: mâm : âha : Artavard
31 iya : nâma Pârsa : manâ : badaka : avamshâm
: mathishtam : aku
32 navam : hya : aniya : kâra : Pârsa : pasâ
: manâ : ashiyava : Mâ
33 dam : pasâva : Artavardiya : hadâ : kârâ
: ashiyava : Pârsam
34 : yathâ : Pârsam : parârasa : Raxâ
: nâma : vardanam : Pârsaiy : a
35 vadâ : hauv : Vahyazdâta : hya : Bardiya : agaubatâ
: âish :
36 hadâ : kârâ : patish : Artavardiyam : hamaranam
: cartanaiy : pas
37 âva : hamaranam : akunava : Auramazdâmaiy : upastâm
: abara : va
38 shnâ : Auramazdâha : kâra : hya : manâ
: avam : kâram : tyam : Vahya
39 zdâtahya : aja : vasiy : Thûravâharahya :
mâhyâ : XII : raucabish : thaka
40 tâ : âha : avathâshâm : hamaranam :
kartam : thâtiy : Dârayavaush : xsâyathi
41 ya : pasâva : hauv : Vahyazdâta : hadâ :
kamnaibish : asabâraibish : a
42 mutha : ashiyava : Paishiyâuvâdâm : hacâ
: avadasha : kâram : âyasa
43 tâ : hyâparam : âish : patish : Artavardiyam
: hamaranam : cartana
44 iy : Parga : nâma : kaufa : avadâ : hamaranam :
akunava : Auramazdâma
45 iy : upastâm : abara : vashnâ : Auramazdâha
: kâra : hya : manâ : ava
46 m : kâram : tyam : Vahyazdâtahya : aja : vasiy
: Garmapadahya : mâh
47 yâ : V : raucabish : thakatâ : âha : avathâshâm
: hamaranam : kartam : utâ : ava
48 m Vahyazdâtam : agarbâya : utâ : martiyâ
: tyaishaiy : fratam
49 â : anushiyâ : âhata : agarbâya : thâtiy
: Dârayavaush : xsh
50 âyathiya : pasâva : adam : avarn : Vahyazdâtam
: utâ : martiyâ :
51 tyaishaiy : fratamâ : anushiyâ : âhata :
Uvâdaicaya : nâma : var
52 danam : Pârsaiy : avadashish : uzmayâpatiy : akunavam
: thâ
53 tiy : Dârayavaush : xshâyathiya : ima : tya : manâ
: kartam : Pârsaiy
54 thâtiy : Dârayavaush : xshâyathiya : hauv
: Vahyazdâta : hya : Bardiya
55 : agaubatâ : hauv : kâram : frâishaya : Harauvatim
: Vivâna :
56 nâma : Pârsa : manâ : badaka : Harauvatiyâ
: xshaçapâvâ : abiy : ava
57 m : utâshâm : I martiyarn : mathishtam : akunaush
avathâshâm : a
58 thaha : paraitâ : Vivânam : jatâ : utâ
: avam : kâram : hya : Dâraya
59 vahaush : xshâyathiyahyâ : gaubataiy : pasâva
: hauv : kâra : ashiya
60 va : tyam : Vahyazdâta : frâishaya : abiy : Vivânam
: hamaranam : cartanaiy : K
61 âpishakânish : nâmâ : didâ :
avadâ : hamaranarn : akunava : Auramazdâmai
62 y : upastâm : abara : vashnâ : Auramazdâha
: kâra : hya : manâ : avam : kâram : tya
63 m : hamiçiyam : aja : vasiy : Anâmakahya : mâhyâ
: XIII : raucabish : thakatâ : âha : a
64 vathâshâm : hamaranam : kartam : thâtiy :
Dârayavaush : xshâyathiya : patiy : h
65 yâparam : hamiçiyâ : hagmatâ : paraitâ
: patish : Vivânam : hamaranam : cartana
66 iy : Gadutava : nâmâ : dahyâush : avadâ
: hamaranam : akunava : Auramazdâma
67 iy : upastâm : abara : vashnâ : Auramazdâha
: kâra : hya : manâ : avam : kâram : t
68 yam : hamiçiyam : aja : vasiy : Viyaxnahya : mâhyâ
: VII : raucabish : thakatâ :
69 âha : avathâshâm : hamaranam : kartam : thâtiy
: Dârayavaush : xshâyathiya :
70 pasâva : hauv : martiya : hya : avahyâ : kârahyâ
: mathishta : âha : tyam : Va
71 hyazdâta : frâishaya : abiy Vivânam : hauv
: amutha : hadâ : kamnaib
72 ish : asabâraibish : ashiyava : Arshâdâ :
nâmâ : didâ : Harauvatiyâ : a
73 vaparâ : atiyâish : pasâva : Vivâna
: hadâ : kârâ : nipadiy : tyaiy : ashiya
74 va : avadâshim : agarbâya : utâ : martiyâ
: tyaishaiy : fratamâ : anushiyâ :
75 âhatâ : avâja : thâtiy : Dârayavaush
: xshâyathiya : pasâva : dahyâush : ma
76 nâ : abava : ima : tya : manâ : kartam : Harauvatiyâ
: thâtiy : Dârayavaush : xshâ
77 yathiya : yâtâ : adam : Pârsaiy : u(t)â
: Mâdaiy : âham : patiy : duvitîyam :
78 Bâbiruviyâ : hamiçiyâ : abava : hacâma
: I martiya : Arxa : nâma : Armini
79 ya : Halditahya : puça : hauv : udapatatâ : Bâbirauv
: Dubâla : nâmâ : dahyâ
80 ush : hacâ : avadasha : hauv : kârahyâ :
avathâ : adurujiya : adam : Nabukud
81 racara : amiy : hya : Nabunaitahya : puça : pasâva
: kâra : Bâbiruviya : hacâma : ha
82 miçiya : abava : abiy : avam : Arxam : ashiyava : Bâbirum
: hauv : agarbâyat
83 â : hauv : xshâyathiya : abava : Bâbirauv
: thâtiy : Dârayavaush : xshâyathi
84 ya : pasâva : adam : kâram : frâishayam :
Bâbirum : Vidafarnâ : nâma : Pârsa : manâ
85 : badaka : avamshâm : mathishtam : akunavam : avathâshâm
: athaham : paraitâ : avam : kâram
86 : Bâbiruviyam : jatâ : hya : manâ : naiy
: gaubâtaiy : pasâva : Vidafarnâ : hadâ
: kâr
87 â : ashiyava : Bâbirum : Auramazdâmaiy :
upastâm : abara : vashnâ : Auramaz
88 dâha : Vidafarnâ : Bâbiruviyâ : aja
: utâ : bastâ : anaya : Varkazanahya : mâhyâ
: XXII : ra
89 ucabish : thakatâ : âha : avathâ : avam :
Arxam : hya : Nabukudracara : duruxtam : a
90 gaubatâ : utâ : martiyâ : tyaishaiy : fratamâ
: anushiyâ : âhatâ : agarb
91 âya : niyashtâyam : hauv : Arxa : utâ : martiyâ
: tyaishaiy : fratamâ : an
92 ushiyâ : âhatâ : Bâbirauv : uz(ma)yâpatiy
: akariyatâ
36. (3.1-9.) Darius the King says: After that I sent forth a Persian
army to Hystaspes, from Raga. When this army came to Hystaspes,
thereupon Hystaspes took that army (and) marched out. A town by
name Patigrabana, in Parthia - there he joined battle with the
rebels. Ahuramazda bore me aid; by the favor of Ahuramazda Hystaspes
smote that rebellious army exceedingly; of the month Garmapada
1 day was past -- then the battle was fought by them.
37. (3.9-10.) Darius the King says: After that the province became
mine. This is what was done by me in Parthia.
38. (3.10-9.) Darius the King says: A province named Margiana
-- it became rebellious to me. One man named Frada, a Margian
-- him they made chief. Thereupon I sent forth against him a Persian
named Dadarshi, my subject, satrap in Bactria. Thus I said to
him: "Go forth, smite that army which does not call itself
mine!" After that, Dadarshi marched out with the army; he
joined battle with the Margians. Ahuramazda bore me aid; by the
favor of Ahuramazda my army smote that rebellious army exceedingly;
of the month Asiyadiya 23 days were past -- then the battle was
fought by them.
39. (3.19-21.) Darius the King says: After that the province became
mine. This is what was done by me in Bactria.
40. (3.21-8.) Darius the King says: One man named Vahyazdata
-- a town named Tarava, a district named Yautiya, in Persia
-- there he abode. He made the second uprising in Persia. To the
people he said thus: "I am Smerdis, the son of Cyrus."
Thereupon the Persian army which (was) in the palace, (having
come) from Anshan previously -- it became rebellious from me,
went over to that Vahyazdata. He became king in Persia.
41. (3.28-40.) Darius the King says: Thereupon I sent forth the
Persian and Median army which was by me. A Persian named Artavardiya,
my subject -- I made him chief of them. The rest of the Persian
army went forth behind me to Media. Thereupon Artavardiya with
his army went forth to Persia. When he arrived in Persia, a town
named Rakha, in Persia -- there this Vahyazdata who called himself
Smerdis came with his army against Artavardiya, to join battle.
Thereupon they joined battle. Ahuramazda bore me aid; by the favor
of Ahuramazda my army smote that army of Vahyazdata exceedingly;
of the month Thuravahara 12 days were past -- then the battle
was fought by them.
42. (3.40-9.) Darius the King says: After that, this Vahyazdata
with a few horsemen fled; he went off to Paishiyauvada. From there
he got an army; later he came against Artavardiya to join battle.
A mountain named Parga -- there they joined battle. Ahuramazda
bore me aid; by the favor of Ahuramazda my army smote that army
of Vahyasdata exceedingly; of the month Garmapada 5 days were
past -- then the battle was fought by them, and that Vahyazdata
they took prisoner, and those who were his foremost followers
they captured.
43. (3.49-52.) Darius the King says: After that I took that Vahyazdata
and those who were his foremost followers -- a town named Uvadaicaya,
in Persia -- there I impaled them.
44. (3.52-3.) Darius the King says: This is what was done by me
in Persia.
45. (3.54-64.) The King says: This Vahyazdata who called himself
Smerdis had sent an army to Arachosia -- a Persian named Vivana,
my subject, satrap in Arachosia -- against him; and he had made
one man their chief. Thus he said to them: "Go forth; smite
Vivana and that army which calls itself King Darius's!" Thereupon
this army marched off, which Vahyazdata had sent forth against
Vivana to join battle. A fortress named Kapishakani -- there
they joined battle. Ahuramazda bore me aid; by the favor of Ahuramazda
my army smote that rebellious army exceedingly; of the month Anamaka
13 days were past -- then the battle was fought by them.
46. (3.64-9.) Darius the King says: Again later the rebels assembled
(and) came out against Vivana to join battle. A district named
Gandutava -- there they joined battle. Ahuramazda bore me aid;
by the favor of Ahuramazda my army smote that rebellious army
exceedingly; of the month Viyakhna 7 days were past -- then the
battle was fought by them.
47. (3.69-75.) Darius the King says: After that, this man who
was the chief of that army which Vahyazdata had sent forth against
Vivana -- he fled with a few horsemen (and) got away. A fortress
named Arshada, in Arachosia -- past that he went. Afterwards
Vivana with his army went off in pursuit of them; there he took
him prisoner and the men who were his foremost followers, (and)
slew (them).
48. (3.75-6.) Darius the King says: After that the province became
mine. This is what was done by me in Arachosia.
49. (3.76-83.) Darius the King says: While I was in Persia and
Media, again a second time the Babylonians became rebellious from
me. One man named Arkha, an Armenian, son of Haldita -- he rose
up in Babylon. A district named Dubala -- from there he thus
lied to the people: "I am Nebuchadrezzar the son of Nabonidus."
Thereupon the Babylonian people became rebellious from me, (and)
went over to that Arkha. He seized Babylon; he became king in
Babylon.
50. (3.83-92.) Darius the King says: Thereupon I sent forth an
army to Babylon. A Persian named Intaphernes, my subject --
him I made chief of them. Thus I said to them: "Go forth;
that Babylonian army smite, which shall not call itself mine!"
Thereupon Intaphernes with the army marched off to Babylon. Ahuramazda
bore me aid; by the favor of Ahuramazda Intaphernes smote the
Babylonians and led them in bonds; of the month Varkazana 22 days
were past -- then that Arkha who falsely called himself Nebuchadrezzar
and the men who were his foremost followers he took prisoner.
I issued an order: this Arkha and the men who were his foremost
followers were impaled at Babylon.
DB, COLUMN 4:
Text:
Translation:
1 : thâtiy : Dârayavaush : xshâyathiya : ima
: t
2 ya : manâ : kartam : Bâbirauv : thatiy : D
3 ârayavaush : xshâyathiya : ima : tya : adam : akuna
4 vam : vashna : Auramazdâha : hamahyâyâ : thar
5 da : pasâva : yathâ : xshâyathiya : abavam
: XIX : hamaran
6 â : akunavam : vashnâ : Auramazdâha : adamshish
: a
7 janam : utâ : IX : xshâyathiyâ : agarbâyam
: I Gaumâta :
8 nâma : magush : âha : hauv : adurujiya : avathâ
: athaha : adam :
9 Bardiya : amiy : hya : Kûraush : puça : hauv :
Pârsam : ha
10 miçiyam : akunaush : I Âçina : nâma
: Ûvjiya : hauv : adu
11 rujiya : avathâ : athaha : adam : xshâyathiya :
amiy : Ûvjaiy
12 : hauv : Ûvjam : hamiçiyam : akunaush : manâ
: I Naditabaira : n
13 âma : Bâbiruviya : hauv : adurujiya : avathâ
: athaha :
14 adam : Nabukudracara : amiy : hya : Nabunaitahya : puça
15 hauv : Bâbirum : hamiçiyam : akunaush : I Martiya
: nâ
16 ma : Pârsa : hauv : adurujiya : avathâ : athaha
: adam : Imani
17 sh : amiy : Ûvjaiy : xshâyathiya : hauv : Ûvjam
: hamiçiya
18 m : akunaush : I Fravartish : nâma : Mâda : hauv
: adurujiya
19 : avathâ : athaha : adam : Xshathrita : amiy : Uvaxshtrahya
: taumây
20 â : hauv : Mâdam : hamiçiyam : akunaush
: I Ciçataxma : nâma : Asa
21 gartiya : hauv : adurujiya : avathâ : athaha : adam :
xshâyath
22 iya : amiy : Asagartaiy : Uvaxshtrahya : taumâyâ
: hauv
23 : Asagartam : hamiçiyam : akunaush : I Frâda :
nâma :
24 Mârgava : hauv : adurujiya : avathâ : athaha :
adam :
25 xshâyathiya : amiy : Margauv : hauv : Margum : hamici
26 yam : akunaush : I Vahyazdâta : nâma : Pârsa
: hauv : a
27 durujiya : avathâ : athaha : adam : Bardiya : amiy :
hya : Kû
28 raush : puça : hauv : Pârsam : hamiçiyam
: akunaush : I Ar
29 xa : nâma : Arminiya : hauv : adurujiya : avathâ
: athaha : adam : Nab
30 ukudracara : amiy : hya : Nabunaitahya : puça : hauv
: Bâbirum : ham
31 içiyam : akunaush : thâtiy : Dârayavaush
: xshâyathiya : imaiy :
32 IX : xshâyathiyâ : adam : agarbâyam : atar
: imâ : hamaranâ
33 : thâtiy : Dârayavaush : xshâyathiya : dahyâva
: imâ : tyâ : hamiçiy
34 â : abava : drauga : dish : hamiçiyâ : akunaush
: tya : imaiy : kâram : adur
35 ujiyasha : pasâva : dish : Auramazdâ : manâ
: dastayâ : akunaush : yathâ : mâm : k
36 âma : avatha : dish : akunavam : thâtiy : Dârayavaush
: xshâyathi
37 ya : tuvam : kâ : xshâyathiya : hya : aparam âhy
: hacâ : draugâ : darsham :
38 patipayauvâ : martiya : hya : draujana : ahatiy : avam
: ufrashtam : parsâ : ya
39 diy : avathâ : maniyâhaiy : dahyâushmaiy
: duruvâ : ahati
40 y : thâtiy : Dârayavaush : xsâyathiya : ima
: tya : adam : akunavam :
41 vashnâ : Auramazdâha : hamahyâyâ :
tharda : akunavam : tuvam : kâ : hya
42 : aparam : imâm : dipim : patiparsâhy : tya : manâ
: kartam : varnavatâm
43 : thuvâm : mâtya : draugam : maniyâhay :
thâtiy : Dârayavaush : xshâ
44 yathiya : Auramazdâha : ragam : vartaiyaiy : yathâ
: ima : hashiyam : naiy : duru
45 xtam : adam : akunavam : hamahyâyâ : tharda : thâtiy
: Dârayavaush : xshâya
46 thiya : vashnâ : Auramazdâha : utâmaiy :
aniyashciy : vasiy : astiy : karta
47 m : ava : ahyâyâ : dipiyâ : naiy : nipishtam
: avahyarâdiy : naiy : n
48 ipishtam : mâtya : hya : aparam : imâm : dipim
: patiparsâtiy : avah
49 yâ : paruv : thadayâtaiy : tya : manâ : kartam
: naishim : ima : varnavâtaiy : d
50 uruxtam : maniyâtaiy : thâtiy : Dârayavaush
: xshâyathiya : tyaiy
51 : paruvâ : xshâyathiyâ : yâtâ
: âha : avaishâm : avâ : naiy : astiy : kar
52 tam : yathâ : manâ : vashnâ : Auramazdâha
: hamahyâyâ : tharda : kartam : thâ
53 tiy : Dârayavaush : xshâyathiya : nûram :
thuvâm : varnavatâm : tya : man
54 â : kartam : avathâ : kârahyâ : râdiy
: mâ : apagaudaya : yadiy : imâm :
55 hadugâm : naiy : apagaudayâhy : kârahyâ
: thâhy : Auramazdâ : thuvâm :
56 daushtâ : biya : utâtaiy : taumâ : vasiy
: biyâ : utâ : dargam : jîvâ
57 thâtiy : Dârayavaush : xshâyathiya : yadiy
: imâm hadugâm : apagaudayâ
58 hy : naiy : thâhy : kârahyâ : Auramazdâtay
: jatâ : biyâ : utâtaiy : taum
59 â : mâ : biyâ : thâtiy : Dârayavaush
: xshâyathiya : ima : tya : adam : akunavam :
60 hamahyâyâ : tharda : vashnâ : Auramazdâha
: akunavam : Auramazdâmaiy : upas
61 tâm : abara : utâ : aniyâha : bagâha
: tyaiy : hatiy : thâtiy : Dârayavau
62 sh : xshâyathiya : avahyarâdiy : Auramazdâ
: upastâm : abara : utâ : ani
63 yâha : bagâha : tyaiy : haijy : yathâ : naiy
: arika : âham : naiy : draujana : âham : na
64 iy : zûrakara : âham : naiy : adam : naimaiy :
taumâ : upariy : arshtâm : upariy
65 âyam : naiy : shkaurim : naiy : tunuvatam : zûra
: akunavam : martiya : hya : hamata
66 xshâta : manâ : vithiyâ : avam : ubartam
: abaram : hya : viyanâthaya : avam : ufrasta
67 m : aparsam : thâtiy : Dârayavaush : xshâyathiya
: tuvam : kâ : xshâyathiya :
68 hya : aparam : âhy : martiya : hya : draujana : ahatiy
: hyavâ : zurakara : ahat
69 iy : avaiy : mâ : daushtâ : biyâ : ufrashtâdiy
: parsâ : thâtiy : Dâra
70 yavaush : xshâyathiya : tuvam : kâ : hya : aparam
: imâm : dipim : vainâhy : ty
71 âm : adam : niyapaisham : imaivâ : patikarâ
: mâtya : vikanâhy : yâvâ : u
72 tava : âhy : avathâshatâ : paribarâ
: thâtiy : Dârayavaush : xshâyathiya : ya
73 diy : imâm : dipim : vainâhy : imaivâ : patikarâ
: naiydish : vikanâhy : utâ
74 taiy : yâvâ : taumâ : ahatiy : paribarâhadish
: Auramazdâ : thuvâm daushtâ : biy
75 â : utâtaiy : taumâ : vasiy : biyâ
: utâ : dargam : jîvâ : utâ : tya : kunavâhy
76 : avataiy : Auramazdâ : ucâram : kunautuv : thâitiy
: Dârayavaush : xshâ
77 yathiya : yadiy : imâm : dipim : imaivâ : patikarâ
: vainâhy : vikanâhadish : ut
78 âtaiy : yâvâ : taumâ : ahatiy : naiydish
: paribarâhy : Auramazdâtaiy : jatâ : b
79 iyâ : utâtaiy : taumâ : mâ : biyâ
: utâ : tya : kunavâhy : avataiy : Auramazd
80 â : nikatuv : thâtiy : Dârayavaush : xshâyathiya
: imaiy : martiyâ : tyaiy
81 : adakaiy : avadâ : âhatâ : yâtâ
: adam : Gaumâtam : tyam : magum : avâjanam :
82 hya : Bardiya : agaubatâ : adakaiy : imaiy : martiyâ
: hamataxshatâ : anushiyâ : man
83 â : Vidafarnâ : nâma : Vâyaspârahyâ
: puça Pârsa: Utâna : nâma : Thuxrahyâ
84 : puça : Pârsa : Gaubaruva : nâma : Marduniyahyâ
: puça : Pârsa : Vidarna : nâma : Ba
85 gâbignahyâ : puça : Pârsa : Bagabuxsha
: nâma : Dâtuvahyahyâ : puça : Pârsa
86 Ardumanish : nâma : Vahaukahyâ : puça :
Pârsa : thâtiy : Dârayavaush : xshâyath
87 iya : tuvam : kâ : xshâyathiya : hya : aparam :
âhy : tyâm : imaishâm : martiyânâ
88 m : taumâm : uba(r)tâm : paribarâ : thâtiy
: Dârayavaush : xshâyathiya : vashnâ : Au
89 ramazdâha : i(ya)m : dipîmaiy : ty(âm) :
adam : akunavam : patisham : ariyâ : âha : utâ
: pavast
90 âyâ : utâ : carmâ : grathitâ
: âha : patishamaiy : patikaram : akunavam : patisham :
uvadâ
91 m : akunavam : utâ : niyapithiya : utâ : patiyafrasiya
: paishiyâ : mâm : pasâva : i(mâ)m : d
92 ipim : adam : frâstâyam : vispadâ : atar
: dahyâva : kâra : hamâtaxshatâ
51. (4.1-2.) Darius the King says: This is what was done by me
in Babylon.
52. (4.2-31.) Darius the King says: This is what I did by the
favor of Ahuramazda in one and the same year after that I became
king. 19 battles I fought; by the favor of Ahuramazda I smote
them and took prisoner 9 kings. One was named Gaumata, a Magian;
lied and said, "I am Smerdis, the son of Cyrus;"
he made Persia rebellious. One, named Asina, an Elamite;
lied and said, "I am king in Elam;" he made Elam
rebellious to me. One, named Nidintu-Bel, a Babylonian; lied
and said, "I am Nebuchadrezzar, the son of Nabonidus;
he made Babylon rebellious. One, named Martiya, a Persian;
lied and said, "I am Imanish, king in Elam;" he
made Elam rebellious. One, named Phraortes, a Mede; lied
and said, "I am Khshathrita, of the family of Cyaxares;"
he made Media rebellious. One named Cisantakhma, a Sagartian;
lied and said, "I am king in Sagartia, of the family
of Cyaxares;" he made Sagartia rebellious. One, named Frada,
a Margian; lied and said, "I am king in Margiana;"
he made Margiana rebellious. One, named Vahyazdata, a Persian;
lied and said, "I am Smerdis, the son of Cyrus;"
he made Persia rebellious. One, named Arkha, an Armenian;
lied and said: "I am Nebuchadrezzar, the son of Nabonidus;"
he made Babylon rebellious.
53. (4.31-2.) Darius the King says: These 9 kings I took prisoner
within these battles.
54. (4.33-6.) Darius the King says: These are the provinces which
became rebellious. The Lie (druj) made them rebellious, so that these
(men) deceived the people. Afterwards Ahuramazda put them into
my hand; as was my desire, so I did to them.
55. (4.36-40.). Darius the King says: You who shall be king hereafter,
protect yourself vigorously from the Lie; the man who shall be
a Lie-follower, him do you punish well, if thus you shall think,
"May my country be secure!"
56. (4.40-3.) Darius the King says: This is what I did; by the
favor of Ahuramazda, in one and the same year I did (it). You
who shall hereafter read this inscription let that which has been
done by me convince you; do not think it a lie.
57. (4.13-5.) Darius the King says: I turn myself quickly to Ahuramazda,
that this (is) true, not false, (which) I did in one and the same
year.
58. (4.45-50.) Darius the King says: By the favor of Ahuramazda
and of me much else was done; that has not been inscribed in this
inscription; for this reason it has not been inscribed, lest whoso
shall hereafter read this inscription, to him what has been done
by me seem excessive, (and) it not convince him, (but) he think
it false.
59. (4.50-2.) Darius the King says: Those who were the former
kings, as long as they lived, by them was not done thus as by
the favor of Ahuramazda was done by me in one and the same year.
60. (4.52-6.) Darius the King says: Now let that which has been
done by me convince you; thus to the people impart, do not conceal
it: if this record you shall not conceal, (but) tell it to the
people, may Ahuramazda be a friend to you, and may family be to
you in abundance, and may you live long!
61. (4.57-9.) Darius the King says: If this record you shall conceal,
(and) not tell it to the people, may Ahuramazda be a smiter to
you, and may family not be to you!
62. (4.59-61.) Darius the King says: This which I did, in one
and the same year by the favor of Ahuramazda I did; Ahuramazda
bore me aid, and the other gods who are.
63. (4.61-7.) Darius the King says: For this reason Ahuramazda
bore aid, and the other gods who are, because I was not hostile,
I was not a Lie-follower, I was not a doer of wrong -- neither
I nor my family. According to righteousness I conducted myself.
Neither to the weak nor to the powerful did I do wrong. The man
who cooperated with my house, him I rewarded well; whoso did injury,
him I punished well.
64. (4.67-9.) Darius the King says: You who shall be king hereafter,
the man who shall be a Lie-follower or who shall be a doer of
wrong -- to them do not be a friend, (but) punish them well.
65. (4.69-72.) Darius the King says: You who shall thereafter
behold this inscription which I have inscribed, or these sculptures,
do not destroy them, (but) thence onward protect them, as long
as you shall be in good strength!
66. (4.72-6.) Darius the King says: If you shall behold this inscription
or these sculptures, (and) shall not destroy them and shall protect
them as long as to you there is strength, may Ahuramazda be a
friend to you, and may family be to you in abundance, and may
you live long, and what you shall do, that may Ahuramazda make
successful for you!
67. (4.76-80.) Darius the King says: If you shall behold this
inscription or these sculptures, (and) shall destroy them and
shall not protect them as long as to you there is strength, may
Ahuramazda be a smiter to you, and may family not be to you, and
what you shall do, that for you may Ahuramazda utterly destroy!
68. (4.80-6.) Darius the King says: These are the men who were
there at the time when I slew Gaumata the Magian who called himself
Smerdis; at that time these men cooperated as my followers: Intaphernes
by name, son of Vayaspara, a Persian; Otanes by name, son of Thukhra,
a Persian; Gobryas by name, son of Mardonius, a Persian; Hydarnes
by name, son of Bagabigna, a Persian; Megabyzus by name, son of
Datuvahya, a Persian; Ardumanish by name, son of Vahauka, a Persian.
69. (4.86-8.) Darius the King says: You who shall be king hereafter,
protect well the family of these men.
70. (4.88-92.) Darius the King says: By the favor of Ahuramazda
this is the inscription which I made. Besides, it was in Aryan,
and on clay tablets and on parchment it was composed. Besides,
a sculptured figure of myself I made. Besides, I made my lineage.
And it was inscribed and was read off before me. Afterwards this
inscription I sent off everywhere among the provinces. The people
unitedly worked upon it.
DB, COLUMN 5:
Text:
Translation:
1 : thâtiy : Dârayavaush : xshâyathiya :
2 ima : tya : adam : akunavam : duvitîyâ
3 mca : çitâmcâ : thardam : pasâva :
yathâ : xshâya
4 thiya : abavam : Ûvja : nâmâ : dahyâush
: hau
5 v : hamiçiyâ : abava : I martiya : Atamaita : nâma
: Û
6 vjiya : avam : mathishtam : akunavatâ : pasâva :
ada
7 m : kâram : fraishayam : I martiya : Gaubaruva :
8 nâma : Pârsa : manâ : badaka : avamshâm
: mathishtam : aku
9 navam : pasâva : Gaubaruva : hadâ : kârâ
: asiyava :
10 Ûvjam : hamaranam : akunaush : hadâ : Ûvjiyaibish
: pas
11 âva : Gaubaruva : Ûvjiyâ : avâja :
viyamarda :
12 utâ : tyamshâm : mathishtam : agarbâya :
anaya : abi
13 y : mâm : utâshim : adam : avâjanam : pasâva
: dahyâ
14 ush : manâ : abava : thâtiy Dârayavaush :
xshâyathi
15 ya : avaiy : Ûvjiyâ : arikâ : âha :
utâshâm : Aurama
16 zdâ : naiy : ayadiya : Auramazdâm : ayadaiy : vashnâ
: A
17 uramazdâha : yathâ : mâm : kâma : avathâdish
: akunavam
18 : thâtiy Dârayavaush : xshâyathiya : hya
: Auramazdâ
19 m : yadâtaiy : yânam : avahâ : ahatiy : utâ
: jîvah
20 yâ : utâ : martahyâ : thâtiy : Dârayavaush
: xsh
21 âyathiya : pasâva : hadâ : kârâ
: adam : ashiyavam : abiy : Sak
22 âm : pasâ : Sakâ : tyaiy : xaudâm :
tigrâm : barati
23 y : imaiy : Sakâ : hacâma : âisha : yadiy
: abiy : draya : a
24 vârasam : parashim : avadâ : hadâ : kârâ
: visâ : viyatara
25 yam : pasâva : adam : Sakâ : vasiy : ajanam : aniyam
: aga
26 rbâyam : hauv : basta : anayatâ : abiy : mâm
: ut
27 âshim : avâjanam : mathishtashâm : Skuxa
: nâma : avam : aga
28 rbâya : utâ : anaya : abiy : mâm : avadâ
: aniyam : math
29 ishtam : akunavam : yathâ : mâm : kâma :
âha : pasâva : da
30 hyâush : manâ : abava : thâtiy Dârayavaush
: xshâya
31 thiya : avaiy : Sakâ : arikâ : âha : utâ
: naiy : Auramazd
32 âshâm : ayadiya : Aurmazdâm : ayadaiy : vashnâ
: Aurama
33 zdâha : yathâ : mâm : kâma : avathâdish
: akunavam : thât
34 iy : Dârayavaush : xshâyathiya : hya : Auramazdâm
: yadâta
35 iy : avahyâ : yânam : ahatiy : utâ : jîvahyâ
: utâ
38 : martahyâ
71. (5.1-14.) Darius the King says: This is what I did in both
the second and the third year after I became king. A province
named Elam became rebellious. One man named Atamaita,
an Elamite -- they made him chief. Thereupon I sent forth an army.
One man named Gobryas, a Persian, my subject -- I made him chief
of them. After that, Gobryas with the army marched off to Elam;
he joined battle with the Elamites. Thereupon Gobryas smote and
crushed the Elamites, and captured the chief of them; he led him
to me, and I killed him. After that the province became mine.
72. (5.14-7.) Darius the King says: Those Elamites were faithless
and by them Ahuramazda was not worshipped. I worshipped Ahuramazda;
by the favor of Ahuramazda, as was my desire, thus I did to
them.
73. (5.18-20.) Darius the King says: Whoso shall worship Ahuramazda,
divine blessing will be upon him, both (while) living and (when)
dead.
74. (5.20-30.) Darius the King says: Afterwards with an army I
went off to Scythia, after the Scythians who wear the pointed
cap. These Scythians went from me. When I arrived at the sea,
beyond it then with all my army I crossed. Afterwards, I smote
the Scythians exceedingly; another (leader) I took captive; this
one was led bound to me, and I slew him. The chief of them, by
name Skunkha -- him they seized and led to me. Then I made another
their chief, as was my desire. After that, the province became
mine.
75. (5.30-3.) Darius the King says: Those Scythians... (= DB 5.15-7).
76. (5.33-6.) . . . (= DB 5.18-20).
TEXT OF DB, MINOR INSCRIPTIONS:
DBa:
Text:
Translation:
1 : adam : Dârayavaush : xshâyathiya : vazraka : xshâya
2 thiya : xshâyathiyânâm : xshâyathiya
: Pârsaiy : xsh
3 âyathiya : dahyunam : Vishtâspahyâ : puça
4 Arshâmahyâ : napâ : Haxâmanishiya :
thâtiy : Dâra
5 yavaush : xshâyathiya : manâ : pitâ : Vishtâspa
: Vi
6 shtâspahyâ : pitâ : Arshâma : Arshâmahyâ
: pi
7 tâ : Ariyâramna : Ariyâramnahyâ : pitâ
8 Cishpish : Cispaish : pitâ : Haxâmanish :
9 thâtiy : Dârayavaush : xshâyathiya : avahya
10 râdiy : vayam : Haxâmanishiyâ : thahyâ
11 mahy : hacâ : paruviyata : âmâtâ
12 : amahy : hacâ : paruviyata : hyâ : amâ
13 xam : taumâ : xshâyathiyâ : âha : thâ
14 tiy : Dârayavaush : xshâyathiya : VIII : ma
15 nâ : taumâyâ : tyaiy : paruva
16 m : xshâyathiyâ : âha : adam : na
17 vama : IX : duvitâparanam : vayam : x
18 shâyathiyâ : amahy :
1. (1-4.) ... (= DB 1.1-3).
2. (4-8.) ... (= DB 1.3-6).
3. (9-13.) ... (= DB 1.6-8).
4. (13-8.) ... (= DB 1.8-11).
DBb
Text:
Translation:
1 : iyam : Gaumâ
2 ta : hya : magush : a
3 durujiya :
4 avathâ : athaha : adam : Ba
5 rdiya : amiy : hya : K
6 ûraush : puça : adam : xsh
7 âyathiya : amiy :
This is Gaumata the Magian. ... (= DB 4.8-9); I am king.
DBc
Text:
Translation:
1 : iyam : Âç
2 ina : adu
3 rujiya :
4 avathâ
5 : athaha : a
6 dam : x
7 shâyath
8 iya : am
9 iy : Û
10 vjaiy :
This is Asina (= DB 4.10-1).
DBd
Text:
Translation:
1 : iyam : Naditabaira :
2 adurujiya : ava
3 thâ : athaha : adam : Nab
4 ukudracara : ami
5 y : hya : Nabunaita
6 hya : puça : adam : x
7 shâyathiya : amiy : B
8 âbirauv :
This is Nidintu-Bel. ... (= DB 4.13-4); I am king in Babylon.
DBe
Text:
Translation:
1 : iyam : Fra
2 vartish :
3 aduru
4 jiya : ava
5 thâ : athaha : adam :
6 Xshathrita : amiy
7 : Uvaxshtrahya
8 : taumâyâ : adam
9 : xshâyathiya : amiy
10 : Mâ
11 daiy :
This is Phraortes. ... (= DB 4.18-20); I am king in Media.
DBf
Text:
Translation:
1 : iyam : Martiya : a
2 durujiya : a
3 vathâ : athaha : a
4 dam : Imanish : am
5 iy : Ûvjaiy : x
6 shâyathi
7 ya :
This is Martiya. ... (= DB 4.16-7).
DBg
Text:
Translation:
1 iyam Ciça
2 taxma : ad
3 urujiya
4 : avathâ : a
5 thaha : adam :
6 xshâyathi
7 ya : ami
8 y : Asaga
9 rtaiy : Uva
10 xshtrahya
11 : taumây
12 â
This is Cisantakhma. ... (= DB 4.21-2).
DBh
Text:
Translation:
1 : iyam : Vahya
2 zdâta : adu
3 rujiya : ava
4 thâ : athaha : ada
5 m : Bardiya : a
6 miy : hya : K
7 ûraush : puça
8 : adam : xshâ
9 yathiya : amiy
This is Vahyazdata. . . . (= DB 4.26-8); I am king.
DBi
Text:
Translation:
1 : iyarn : Arxa
2 : aduruj
3 iya : avathâ :
4 athaha : adam :
5 Nabuku(d)ra
6 cara : amiy :
7 hya : Nabuna
8 itahya : pu
9 ça : adam : xshâ
10 yathiya : amiy
11 : Bâbarauv :
This is Arkha. ... (= DB 4.29-30); I am king in Babylon.
DBj
Text:
Translation:
1 : iyam : Frada :
2 aduruji
3 ya : avathâ : athaha
4 : adam : xshâyath
5 iya : amiy : Marga
6 uv :
This is Frada. ... (= DB 4.24-5).
DBk
Text:
Translation:
1 : iyam : Sku
2 xa : hya : Saka
This is Skunkha the Scythian.
DARIUS, PERSEPOLIS A. (DPa)
Trilingual inscription on doorposts of the inner room of the
palace, above figures of Darius and his attendants.
Text:
Translation:
1 Dârayavaush : xshâyathiya :
2 vazraka : xshâyathiya : xshâ
3 yathiyânâm : xshâyathiya :
4 dahyûnâm : Vishtâspahy
5 â : puça : Haxâmanishiya : h
6 ya : imam : tacaram : akunaush
Darius the Great king, King of Kings, King of countries, son of
Hystaspes, an Achaemenian, who built this palace.
DARIUS, PERSEPOLIS B. (DPb)
Trilingual inscription on garment of Darius
2>
Text:
Translation:
Dârayavaush : XSH : vazraka : Vishtâspahyâ :
puça : Haxâmanishiya
Darius the Great King, Son of Hystaspes, an Achaemenian.
DARIUS, PERSEPOLIS C. (DPc)
Trilingual inscription on window cornice, repeated 18 times.
Text:
Translation:
ardastâna : athagaina : Dârayavahaush : XSHhyâ
: vithiyâ : karta
Stone window-frame, made in the house of King Darius.
DARIUS, PERSEPOLIS D. (DPd)
OP only on south retaining wall of palace.
Text:
Translation:
1 Auramazdâ : vazraka : hya : mathishta : bag
2 ânâm : hauv : Dârayavaum : xshâyathi
3 yam : adadâ : haushaiy : xshaçam : frâba
4 ra : vashnâ : Auramazdâhâ : Dârayavau
5 sh : xshâyathiya : thâtiy : Dârayavaush :
6 xshâyathiya : iyam : dahyâush : Pâr
7 sa : tyâm : manâ : Auramazdâ : frâba
8 ra : hyâ : naibâ : uvaspâ : umarti
9 yâ : vashnâ : Auramazdâhâ : manac
10 â : Dârayavahaush : xshâyathiyahy
11 â : hacâ : aniyanâ : naiy : tarsat
12 iy : thâtiy : Dârayavaush : xshâya
13 thiya : manâ : Auramazdâ : upastâm :
14 baratuv : hadâ : vithaibish : bagai
15 bish : utâ : imâm : dahyâum : Aura
16 mazda : pâtuv : hacâ : hainây
17 â : hacâ : dushiyârâ : hacâ :
dra
18 ugâ : abiy : imâm : dahyâum : mâ
19 : âjamiyâ : mâ : hainâ : mâ :
dush
20 iyâram : mâ : drauga : aita : adam :
21 yânam : jadiyâmiy : Auramazd
22 âm : hadâ : vithaibish : bagaibish : a
23 itamaiy : yânam : Auramazdâ : dadât
24 uv : hadâ vithaibish : bagaibish :
1. (1-5.) Great Ahuramazda, the greatest of gods --
he created Darius the King, he bestowed on him the kingdom; by the favor
of Ahuramazda Darius is King.
2. (5-12.) Darius the King says: This country Persia which Ahuramazda
bestowed upon me, good, possessed of good horses, possessed of
good men -- by the favor of Ahuramazda and of me, Darius the King,
does not feel fear of (any) other.
3. (12-24.) Darius the King says: May Ahuramazda bear me aid,
with the gods of the royal house; and may Ahuramazda protect this
country from a (hostile) army, from famine, from the Lie! Upon
this country may there not come an army, nor famine, nor the Lie;
this I pray as a boon from Ahuramazda together with the gods of
the royal house. This boon may Ahuramazda together with the gods
of the royal house give to me!
DARIUS, PERSEPOLIS E. (DPe)
OP only on south retaining wall of palace.
Text:
Translation:
1 adam : Dârayavaush : xshâyathiya : vaz
2 raka : xshâyathiya : xshâyathiyânâ
3 m : xshâyathya : dahyûnâm : tyai
4 shâm : parûnâm : Vishtâspahyâ
5 puça : Haxâmanishiya : thâtiy : Dâra
6 yavaush : xshâyathiya : vashnâ : Aurama
7 zdâhâ : imâ : dahyâva : tyâ :
adam
8 : adarshiy : hadâ : anâ : Pârsâ : kâ
9 râ : tyâ : hacâma : atarsa : manâ :
bâj
10 im : abara : Ûvja : Mâda : Bâbiru
11 sh : Arabâya : Athurâ : Mudrây
12 â : Armina : Katpatuka : Sparda : Ya
13 unâ : tyaiy : ushkahyâ : utâ : tya
14 iy : drayahyâ : utâ : dahyâva : t
15 yâ : para : draya : Asagarta : Parthava : Zra
16 ka : Haraiva : Bâxtrish : Suguda : Uv
17 ârazmîy : Thatagush : Harauvatish : H
18 idush : Gadâra : Sakâ : Maka : thâtiy
19 : Darayavaush : xshâyathiya : yadiy
20 : avathâ : maniyâhay : hacâ : aniya
21 nâ : mâ : tarsam : imam : Pârsam : kâram
: pâdi
22 y : yadiy : kâra : Pârsa : pâta : ahatiy
: hyâ :
23 duvaishtam : shiyâtish : axshatâ : hauvci
24 y : Aurâ : nirasâtiy : abiy : imâm : vitham
1. (1-5.) I am Darius the Great King, King of Kings, King of many
countries, son of Hystaspes, an Achaemenian.
2. (5-18.) Darius the King says: By the favor of Ahuramazda these
are the countries which I got into my possession along with this
Persian folk, which felt fear of me (and) bore me tribute: Elam,
Media, Babylonia, Arabia, Assyria, Egypt, Armenia, Cappadocia,
Sardis, Ionians who are of the mainland and (those) who are by
the sea, and countries which are across the sea; Sagartia, Parthia,
Drangiana, Aria, Bactria, Sogdiana, Chorasmia, Sattagydia, Arachosia,
Sind, Gandara, Seythians, Maka.
3. (18-24.) Darius the King says: If you shall think thus, "May
I not feel fear of (any) other," protect this Persian people;
if the Persian people shall be protected, thereafter for the longest
while happiness unbroken -- this will by Ahura come down upon
this royal house.
DARIUS, PERSEPOLIS H. (DPh)
Trilingual on gold and silver plates.
Text:
Translation:
1 Dârayavaushi : XSH : vazraka : XSH : XSHyanâm :
XSH
2 : dahyûvnâm : Vishtâspahyâ : puça
3 : Haxâmanishiya : thâtiy : Dârayavau
4 sh : XSH : ima : xshaçam : tya : adam : dâray
5 âmiy : hacâ : Sakaibish : tyaiy : para
6 Sugdam : amata : yâtâ : â : Kûshâ
7 hacâ : Hidauv : amata : yâtâ : â : Spa
8 rdâ : tyamaiy : Auramazdâ : frâbara
9 : hya : mathishta : bagânâm : mâm : Au
10 ramazdâ : pâtuv : utâmaiy : vitham
1. (1-3.) Darius the Great King, King of Kings, King of countries,
son of Hystaspes, an Achaemenian.
2. (3-10.) Darius the King says: This is the kingdom which I hold,
from the Scythians who are beyond Sogdiana, thence to Ethiopia;
from Sind thence to Sardis -- which Ahuramazda the greatest
of the gods bestowed upon me. May Ahuramazda protect me, and my
royal house.
DARIUS, PERSEPOLIS I. (DPi)
Trilingual on doorknob of artifical lapis lazuli.
Text:
Translation:
mayûxa : kâsakaina : Dârayavahaush : XSHyâ
: vithiyâ : karta
Door-knob of precious stone, made in the house of Darius the King.
THE INSCRIPTIONS OF NAQSH-I-RUSTAM.
Inscriptions on south face of steep ridge north of Persepolis
DARIUS, NAQSH-I-RUSTAM A. (DNa)
Text:
Translation:
1 baga : vazraka : Auramazdâ : hya : im
2 âm : bumâm : adâ : hya : avam : asm
3 ânam : adâ : hya : martiyam : adâ : h
4 ya : shiyâtim : adâ : martiyahyâ
5 : hya : Dârayavaum : xshâyathiyam : ak
6 unaush : aivam : parûvnâm : xshâyath
7 iyam : aivam : parûvnâm : framâtâ
8 ram : adam : Dârayavaush : xshâyathiya : va
9 zraka : xshâyathiya : xshâyathiyânâm
10 : xshâyathiya : dahyûnâm : vispazanâ
11 nâm : xshâyathiya : ahyâyâ : bûmi
12 yâ : vazrakâyâ : dûraiapiy : Vishtâs
13 pahyâ : puça : Haxâmanishiya : Pârsa
: P
14 ârsahyâ : puça : Ariya : Ariya : ci
15 ça : thâtiy : Dârayavaush : xshâya
16 thiya : vashnâ : Auramazdâhâ : imâ
17 dahyâva : tyâ : adam : agarbâyam :
18 apataram : hacâ : Pârsâ : adamshâm
19 patiyaxshayaiy : manâ : bâjim : abara
20 ha : tvashâm : hacâma : athahya : ava : a
21 kunava : dâtam : tya : manâ : avadish :
22 adâraiya : Mâda : Ûvja : Parthava : Harai
23 va : Bâxtrish : Suguda : Uvârazm
24 ish : Zraka : Harauvatish : Thatagush : Ga
25 dâra : Hidush : Sakâ : haumavargâ : Sa
26 kâ : tigraxaudâ : Bâbirush : A
27 thurâ : Arabâya : Mudrâya : Armina
28 : Katpatuka : Sparda : Yauna : Sakâ : tyaiy : pa
29 radraya : Skudra : Yaunâ : takabarâ : Putây
30 â : Kûshiyâ : Maciyâ : Karkâ
: thâtiy : D
31 ârayavaush : xshâyathiya : Auramazdâ : yath
32 â : avaina : imâm : bûmim : yaudatim :
33 pasâvadim : manâ : frâbara : mâm :
xshâ
34 yathiyam : akunaush : adam : xshâyathiya
35 : amiy : vashnâ : Auramazdâhâ : a
36 damshim : gâthavâ : niyashâdayam : tyashâ
37 m : adam : athaham : ava : akunava : yathâ : mâm
38 kâma : âha : yadipatiy : maniyâhaiy : t
39 ya : ciyakaram : âha : avâ : dahyâva
40 : tyâ : Dârayavaush : xshâyathiya
41 : adâraya : patikarâ : dîdiy : tyaiy : g
42 âthun : baratiy : avadâ : xshnâsâhy
43 adataiy : azdâ : bavâtiy : Pârsahyâ
44 martiyahyâ : dûraiy : arshtish : pa
45 râgmatâ : adataiy : azdâ : bavâti
46 y : Pârsa : martiya : dûrayapiy : hacâ :
Pâ
47 rsâ : partaram : patiyajatâ : thâtiy : Dâ
48 rayavaush : xshâyathiya : aita : tya : karta
49 m : ava : visam : vashnâ : Auramazdâhâ :
ak
50 unavam : Auramazdâ(ma)iy : upastâm : aba
51 ra : yâtâ : kartam : akunavam : mâm : A
52 uramazdâ : pâtuv : hacâ : gastâ : utâma
53 iy : vitham : utâ : imâm : dahyâum : aita
: ada
54 m : Auramazdâm : jadiyâmiy : aitama
55 iy : Auramazdâ : dadâtuv :
56 martiyâ : hyâ : Auramazdâh
57 â : framânâ : hauvtaiy : gas
58 tâ : mâ : thadaya pathim :
59 tyâm : râstâm : mâ
60 : avarada : mâ : stabava
1. (1-8.) A great god is Ahuramazda, who created this earth, who
created yonder sky, who created man, who created happiness for
man, who made Darius king, one king of many, one lord of many.
2. (8-15.) I am Darius the Great King, King of Kings, King of
countries containing all kinds of men, King in this great earth
far and wide, son of Hystaspes, an Achaemenian, a Persian, son
of a Persian, an Aryan, having Aryan lineage.
3. (15-30.) Darius the King says: By the favor of Ahuramazda these
are the countries which I seized outside of Persia; I ruled over
them; they bore tribute to me; what was said to them by me, that
they did; my law -- that held them firm; Media, Elam, Parthia,
Aria, Bactria, Sogdiana, Chorasmia, Drangiana, Arachosia, Sattagydia,
Gandara, Sind, Amyrgian Scythians, Scythians with pointed caps,
Babylonia, Assyria, Arabia, Egypt, Armenia, Cappadocia, Sardis,
Ionia, Scythians who are across the sea, Skudra, petasos-wearing
Ionians, Libyans, Ethiopians, men of Maka, Carians.
4. (30-47.) Darius the King says: Ahuramazda, when he saw this
earth in commotion, thereafter bestowed it upon me, made me king;
I am king. By the favor of Ahuramazda I put it down in its place;
what I said to them, that they did, as was my desire. If now you
shall think that "How many are the countries which King Darius
held?" look at the sculptures (of those) who bear the throne,
then shall you know, then shall it become known to you: the spear
of a Persian man has gone forth far; then shall it become known
to you: a Persian man has delivered battle far indeed from Persia.
5. (47-55.) Darius the King says: This which has been done, all
that by the will of Ahuramazda I did. Ahuramazda bore me aid,
until I did the work. May Ahuramazda protect me from harm, and
my royal house, and this land: this I pray of Ahuramazda, this
may Ahuramazda give to me!
6. (56-60.) O man, that which is the command of Ahuramazda, let
this not seem repugnant to you; do not leave the right path; do
not rise in rebellion!
DARIUS, NAQSH-I-RUSTAM B. (DNb)
Text:
Translation:
1 baga : vazraka : Auramazdâ : hya : adadâ : i
2 ma : frasham : tya : vainataiy : hya : adadâ : shi
3 yâtim : martiyahyâ : hya : xrathum : ut
4 â : aruvastam : upariy : Dârayavaum : xshâ
5 yathiyam : nîyasaya : thâtiy : Dârayavaush
: xshâya
6 thiya : vashnâ : Auramazdâha : avâkaram :
7 miy : tya : râstam : daushtâ : amiy : mitha : na
8 iy : daushtâ : amiy : naimâ : kâma : tya :
skauth
9 ish : tunuvatahyâ : râdiy : mitha : kariyaish
10 : naimâ : ava : kâma : tya : tunuvâ : skauthaish
: r
11 âdiy : mitha : kariyaish : tya : râstam : ava :
mâm :
12 kâma : martiyam : draujanam : naiy : daushtâ :
am
13 iy : naiy : manauvish : amiy : tyâmaiy : dartana
14 yâ : bavatiy : darsham : dârayâmiy : manahâ
15 uvaipashiyahyâ : darsham : xshayamna : amiy :
16 martiya : hya : hataxshataiy : anudim : hakarta
17 hyâ : avathâdim : paribarâmiy : hya : v
18 inâithayatiy : anudim : vinastahyâ : avath
19 â : parsâmiy : naimâ : kâma : tya :
martiya
20 : vinâthayais : naipatimâ : ava : kâma :
yadi
21 y : vinâthayaish : naiy : frathiyaish : martiya :
22 tya : patiy : martiyam : thâtiy : ava : mâm :
23 naiy : varnavataiy : yâtâ : uradanâm : hadu
24 gâm : âxshnautiy : martiya : tya : kunau
25 tiy : yadivâ : âbaratiy : anuv : tauman
26 ishaiy : xshnuta : amiy : utâ : mâm : vas
27 iy : kâma : utâ : uxshnaush : amiy : avâkaram
28 camaiy : ushîy : utâ : framânâ : yathâmai
29 y : tya : kartam : vainâhy : yadivâ âxshnav
30 âhy : utâ : vithiyâ : uta : spâthma
31 idayâ : aitamaiy : aruvastam :
32 upariy : manashcâ : ushîcâ : ima : patimai
33 y : aruvastam : tyamaiy : tanûsh : tâvaya
34 tiy : hamaranakara : amiy : ushhamaranakara : hakara
35 mciy : ushîyâ : gâthavâ : vainâtaiy
: yaciy :
36 vainâmiy : hamiçiyam : yaciy : naiy : vainâ
37 miy : utâ : ushîbiyâ : utâ : framânâyâ
38 : adakaiy : fratara : maniyaiy : aruvâyâ : ya
39 diy : vainâmiy : hamiçiyam : yathâ : yadiy
40 naiy : vainâmiy : yâumainish : amiy : u
41 tâ : dastaibiyâ : utâ : pâdaibiyâ
: asabâ
42 ra : uvâsabâra : amiy : thanuvaniya : utha
43 nuvaniya : amiy : utâ : pastish : utâ
44 : asabâra : ârshtika : amiy : uvârshtika
45 utâ : pastish : utâ : asabâra : utâ
: ûvnarâ
46 : tyâ :Auramazdâ : upariy : mâm : nîyasaya
: utâ
47 dish : atâvayam : bartanaiy : vashnâ : Auramazdâh
48 â : tyamaiy : kartam : imaibish : ûvnaraibish :
aku
49 navam : tyâ : mâm : Auramazdâ : upariy :
nîyasaya
50 : marîkâ : darsham : azdâ : kushuvâ
: ciyâkaram
51 : amiy : ciyâkaramcamaiy : ûvnarâ : ciyâkara
52 mcamaiy : pariyanam : mâtaiy : duruxtam :
53 thadaya : tyataiy : gaushâyâ : xshnnutam : avash
54 ciy : âxshnudiy : tya : partamtaiy : asti
55 y : marîkâ : mâtaiy : avashciy : duruxta
56 m : kunavâtaiy : tya : manâ : kartam : astîy
57 : avashciy : dîdiy : yaciy : nipishtam : mâ :
58 taiy : dâtâ : +++++ : mâ : ++++++âtiy
59 â : ayâu(ma)inish : bavâtiy : marîkâ
: xshâyathiya
60 : mâ : raxthatuv : +++++++++++++++ina :
7. (1-5.) A great god is Ahuramazda, who created this excellent
work which is seen, who created happiness for man, who bestowed
wisdom and activity upon Darius the King.
8a. (5-11.) Darius the King says: By the favor of Ahuramazda I
am of such a sort that I am a friend to right, I am not a friend
to wrong. It is not my desire that the weak man should have wrong
done to him by the mighty; nor is that my desire, that the mighty
man should have wrong done to him by the weak.
8b. (11-5.) What is right, that is my desire. I am not a friend
to the man who is a Lie-follower. I am not hot-tempered. What
things develop in my anger, I hold firmly under control by my
thinking power. I am firmly ruling over my own (impulses).
8c. (16-21.) The man who cooperates, him according to his cooperative
action, him thus do I reward. Who does harm, him according to
the damage thus I punish. It is not my desire that a man should
do harm; nor indeed is that my desire, if he should do harm, he
should not be punished.
8d. (21-4.) What a man says against a man, that does not convince
me, until he satisfies the Ordinance of Good Regulations.
8e. (24-7.) What a man does or performs (for me) according to
his (natural) powers, (therewith) I am satisfied, and my pleasure
is abundant, and I am well satisfied.
8f. (27-31.) Of such a sort is my understanding and my command:
when what has been done by me you shall see or hear of, both in
the palace and in the warcamp, this is my activity over and above
my thinking power and my understanding.
8g. (31-40.) This indeed is my activity: inasmuch as my body has
the strength, as battle-fighter I am a good battle fighter. Once
let there be seen with understanding in the place (of battle),
what I see (to be) rebellious, what I see (to be) not (rebellious);
both with understanding and with command then am I first to think
with action, when I see a rebel as well as when I see a not-(rebel).
8h. (40-45.) Trained am I both with hands and with feet. As a
horseman I am a good horseman. As a bowman I am a good bowman
both afoot and on horseback. As a spearman I am a good spear-man
both afoot and on horseback.
8i. (45-9.) And the (physical) skillfulnesses which Ahuramazda
has bestowed upon me and I have had the strength to use them -- by
the favor of Ahuramazda what has been done by me, I have done
with these skillfulnesses which Ahuramazda has bestowed upon me.
9a. (50-5.) O menial, vigorously make you known of what sort I
am, and of what sort my skillfulnesses, and of what sort my superiority.
Let not that seem false to you, which has been heard by thy ears.
That do you hear, which is communicated to you.
9b. (55-60.) O menial, let that not be made (to seem) false to
you, which has been done by me. That do you behold, which [has
been inscribed]. Let not the laws [be disobeyed] by you. Let not
[anyone] be untrained [in obedience]. [O menial], let not the
king (feel himself obliged to) inflict punishment (?) [for wrong-doing
(?) on the dwellers (in the land) (?)].
DN MINOR INSCRIPTIONS:
DNc
Text:
Translation:
1 Gaubaruva : Pâtishuvarish : Dâra
2 yavahaush : xshâyathiyahyâ : arshtbara
Gobryas, a Patischorian, spear-bearer of Darius the King.
DNd
Text:
Translation:
1 Aspacanâ : vaçabara : Dârayavahaush : xsh
2 âyathiyahyâ : isuvâm : dârayatiy
Aspatbines, bowbearer, holds the battle-ax of Darius the King.
DN
Text:
Translation:
I iyam : Pârsa
II iyam : Mâda
III iyam : Ûvja
IV iyam : Parthava
XV iyam : Sakâ : tigraxaudâ
XVI iyam : Bâbirush
XVII iyam : Athuriya
XXIX iyam : Maciyâ
I: This is the Persian.
II: This is the Mede.
III: This is the Elamite.
IV: This is the Parthian.
XV: This is the Scythian with pointed cap.
XVI: This is the Babylonian.
XVII: This is the Assyrian.
XXIX: This is the man of Maka.
DARIUS, SUSA A. (DSa)
OP only, on two broken clay tablets.
Text:
Translation:
1 adam : Dârayavaush : XSH : vazraka : XSH XSHyân
2 âm : XSH DHnâm : Vishtâspahyâ : puça
: Ha
3 xâmanishaya : thatiy : Dârayavaush : XSH
4 : vashna : AMha : adam : ava : akunavam : tya :
5 akunavam : visahyâ : frasham : thadayâtaiy
1. (1-3.) I am Darius the Great king, King of Kings, King of countries, son of
Hystaspes, an Achaemenian.
2. (3-5.) Darius the King says: By the favor of Ahuramazda I have
done that which I have done; to everyone may it seem excellent.
DARIUS, SUSA B. (DSb)
Two clay tablets, one badly damaged.
Text:
Translation:
1 adam : Dârayavau
2 sh : xshâyathiya
3 : vazraka : xshâya
4 thiya : xshâyathi
5 yânâm : xshâya
6 thiya : dahyûnâ
7 m : xshâyathiya :
8 haruvahyâya :
9 bûmiyâ : Visht
10 âspahyâ : puça
11 : Haxâmanishiya
I am ... (= DPa 1-4), King in all the earth, ... (= DPe 4-5).
DARIUS, SUSA C. (DSc)
Triligual on base of column, two copies.
Text:
Translation:
adam : Darayavaush XSH : vazraka XSH XSHyânâm : Vishtâspahyâ
: puça
I am ... (= DPa 1-3, 4-5).
DARIUS, SUSA D. (DSd)
Parts of 2 OP copies on columns.
Text:
Translation:
1 adam Dârayavaush XSH vazraka XSH XSHyânâm
XSH DHnâm XSH
2 ahyâ BUyâ Vishtâspahyâ : puça
: Haxâmanishiya thâ
3 tiy Dârayavaush XSH vashnâ AMha imam : dacaram akunavam
1. (1-2.) I am... (= DPa 1-4), King in this earth, ...(= DPe 4-5).
2. (2-3.) Darius the King says: By the favor of Ahuramazda I built
this palace.
DARIUS, SUSA E. (DSe)
10 OP fragments representing several copies.
Text:
Translation:
1 baga : vazraka : Auramazdâ : hva : imâ
2 m : bûmim : adadâ : hya : avam : as
3 mânam : adadâ : hya : martiyam : ada
4 dâ : hya : shiyâtim : adadâ : mart
5 iyahyâ : hya : Dârayavaum : XSHm : ak
6 unaush : aivam : parûvnâm : XSHm : a
7 ivam : parûvnâm : framâtâram : a
8 dam : Dârayavaush : XSH : vazraka : XSH : XSHy
9 ânâm : XSH : dahyûnâm : vispazanâ
10 nâm : XSH : ahyâyâ : bûmiyâ :
vaz
11 rakâyâ : dûraiy : apiy : Vishtâs
12 pahyâ : puça : Haxâmanishiya : Pâr
13 sa : Pârsahyâ : puça : Ariya : Ari
14 ya : ciça : thâtiy : Dârayavaush : XSH :
15 vashnâ : Auramazdâhâ : imâ : dahy
16 âva : tyâ : adam : agarbâyam : apata
17 ram : hacâ : Pârsâ : adamshâm : pat
18 iyaxshayaiy : manâ : bâjim : abara :
19 tyashâm : hacâma : athahya : ava : aku
20 nava : dâtam : tya : manâ : avadish : a
21 dâraya : Mâda : Ûja : Parthava : Haraiva
22 Bâxtrish : Suguda : Uvârazmish
23 : Zraka : Harauvatish : Thatagush : Maci
24 yâ : Gadâra : Hidush : Sakâ : haumava
25 rgâ : Sakâ : tigraxaudâ : Bâbir
26 ush : Athurâ : Arabâya : Mudrâya :
27 Armina : Katpatuka : Sparda : Yaun
28 â : tyaiy : drayahyâ : utâ : tyai
29 y : paradraya : Skudra : Putâyâ :
30 Kûshiyâ : Karkâ : thâtiy : Dâra
31 yavaush : XSH : vasiy : tya : dushkarta
32 m : âha : ava : naibam : akunavam : da
33 hyâva : ayauda : aniya : aniyam :
34 aja : ava : adam : akunavam : vashnâ
35 : Auramazdâhâ : yathâ : aniya : a
36 niyam : naiy : jatiy : cinâ : gâ
37 thavâ : kashciy : astiy : dâtam :
38 tya : manâ : hacâ : avanâ : tarsati
39 y : yathâ : hya : tauvîyâ : tyam : s
40 kauthim : naiy : jatiy : naiy : vi
41 mardatiy : thâtiy : Dâruyavaush :
42 XSH : vashnâ : Auramazdâhâ : dastaka
43 rtam : vasiy : tya : paruvam : naiy
44 : gâthava : kartam : ava : adam gâtha
45 vâ : akunavam : ++++ : nâma : varda
46 nam : didâ : hanatâyâ : avagmat
47 â : paruvam : akartâ : hacâ : ava
48 dasha : â : pasâva : didâm : aniy
49 âm : akunavam : thâtiy : Dârayavau
50 sh : XSH : mâm : AM : pâtuv : hadâ : ba
51 gaibish : utamaiy : vitham : u
52 tâ : tyamaiy : nipishtam
1. (1-7.) ... (= DNa 1-8).
2. (7-14.) ... (= DNa 8-15).
3. (14-30.) ... (= DNa 15-24), men of Maka, ... (= DNa 24-8),
Ionians, (those) who are by the sea and (those) who are across
the sea, Skudra, Libyans, Ethiopians, Carians.
4. (30-41.) Darius the King says: Much which was ill-done, that
I made good. Provinces were in commotion; one man was smiting
the other. The following I brought about by the favor of Ahuramazda,
that the one does not smite the other at all, each one is in his
place. My law -- of that they feel fear, so that the stronger
does not smite nor destroy the weak.
5. (41-9.) Darius the King says: By the favor of Ahuramazda, much
handiwork which previously had been put out of its place, that
I put in its place. A town named ..., (its) wall fallen from
age, before this unrepaired -- I built another wall (to serve)
from that time into the future.
6. (49-52.) Darius the King says: May Ahuramazda together with
the gods protect me, and my royal house, and what has been inscribed
by me.
DARIUS, SUSA F. (DSf)
Fragments of many copies on clay and marble tablets, and on
glazed tiles of the frieze of the great hall.
Text:
Translation:
1 baga vazraka Auramazdâ : hya : imâm : bûmim
: a
2 dâ : hya : avam : asmânam : adâ : hya : martiyam
: adâ
3 : hya : shiyâtim : adâ : martiyahyâ : hya
: Dâra
4 yavaum : XSHyam : akunaush : aivam : parûnâm : XSH
5 yam : aivam : parûnâm : framâtâram :
adam : Dâra
6 yavaush : XSH : vazraka : XSH : XSHyânam : XSH : DHnâm
: XSH
7 : ahyâyâ : BUyâ : Vishtâspahyâ
: puca : Haxâma
8 nishiya : thâtiy : Dârayavaush : XSH : Auramazdâ
9 hya : mathishta : bagânâm : hauv : mâm : adâ
: ha
10 uv : mâm : XSHyam : akunaush : haumaiy : ima : xsha
11 çam : frâbara : tya : vazrakam : tya : uvaspam
: uma
12 rtiyam : vashnâ : Auramazdâha : hya : manâ
: pitâ
13 : Vishtâspa : utâ : Arshâma : hya : manâ
: niyâka :
14 tyâ : ubâ : ajîvatam : yadiy : Auramazdâ
: mâ
15 m : XSHyam : akunaush : ahyâyâ : BUyâ : Auramazd
16 âm : avathâ : kâma : âha : haruvahyâyâ
: BUyâ : mar
17 tiyam : mâm : avarnavatâ : mâm : XSHyam :
akunaush :
18 haruvahâyâ : BUyâ : adam : Auramazdâm
: ayadaiy :
19 Auramazdâmaiy : upastâm : abara : tyamaiy : fram
20 âtam : cartanaiy : ava : ucâramaiy : akunaush :
21 ya : adam : akunavam : visam : vashnâ : Auramazdâha
22 akunavam : ima : hadish : tya : Çûshâyâ
: akunavam :
23 hacâciy : dûradasha : arjanamshaiy : abariya :
frava
24 ta : BU : akaniya : yâtâ : athagam : BUyâ
: avârasam :
25 yathâ : katam : abava : pasâva : thikâ :
avaniya : aniyâ :
26 XL : arashanish : barshnâ : aniyâ : XX : arashnish
: barsh
27 nâ : upariy : avâm : thikâm : hadish : frâsahya
28 : utâ : tya : BU : akaniya : fravata : utâ : tya
: thikâ :
29 avaniya : utâ : tya : ishtish : ajaniya : kâra
: hya : Bâ
30 biruviya : hauv : akunaush : tharmish : hya : nau
31 caina : hauv : Labanâna : nâma : kaufa : hacâ
: avanâ : aba
32 riya : kâra : hya : Athuriya : haudim : abara : yâtâ
33 Bâbirauv : hacâ : Bâbirauv : Karkâ
: utâ : Yau
34 nâ : abara : yâtâ : Çushâyâ
: yakâ : hacâ : Gadârâ
35 : abariya : utâ : hacâ : Karmânâ :
daraniyam : hacâ
36 : Spardâ : utâ : hacâ : Bâxtriyâ
: abariya : tya
37 : idâ : akariya : kâsaka : hya : kapautaka : utâ
: sikab
38 rush : hya : idâ : karta : hauv : hacâ : Sugudâ
: aba
39 riya : kâsaka : hya : axshaina : hauv : hacâ :
Uvâraz
40 miyâ : abariya : hya : idâ : karta : ardatam :
utâ : a
41 sâ : dâruv : hacâ : Mudrâyâ :
abariya : ar
42 janam : tyanâ : didâ : pishtâ : ava : hacâ
: Yaun
43 â : abariya : pirush : hya : idâ : karta : haca
: Kûsh
44 â : utâ : hacâ : Hidauv : utâ : hacâ
: Harauvat
45 iyâ : abariya : stûnâ : athagainiya : tyâ
: id
46 â : kartâ : Abirâdush : nâma : âvahanam
: Ûjaiy
47 : hacâ : avadasha : abariya : martiyâ : karnuvakâ
: t
48 yaiy : athagam : akunavatâ : avaiy : Yaunâ : utâ
49 : Spardiyâ : martiyâ : dâraniyakarâ
: tyaiy : daran
50 iyam : akunavasha : avaiy : Mâdâ : utâ :
Mudrây
51 â : martiyâ : tyaiy : dâruv : akunavasha
: avaiy :
52 Spardiyâ : utâ : Mudrâyâ : martiyâ
: tyaiy
53 : agurum : akunavasha : avaiy : Bâbiruviy
54 â : martiyâ : tyaiy : didâm : apitha : avaiy
: Mâd
55 â : utâ : Mudrâyâ : thâtiy :
Dârayavaush : XSH :
56 Çûshâyâ : paruv : frasham : framâtam
: paruv : frasha
57 m : âha : mâm : Auramazdâ : pâtuv :
utâ : V
58 ishtâspam : hya : manâ : pitâ : utamaiy :
DHum
1. (1-5.) ... (= DNa 1-8).
2. (5-8.) ... (= DSd 1-2).
3a. (8-12.) Darius the King says: Ahuramazda, the greatest of
the gods -- he created me; he made me king; he bestowed upon me
this kingdom, great, possessed of good horses, possessed of good
men.
3h. (12-5.) By the favor of Ahuramazda my father Hystaspes and
Arsames my grandfather -- these both were living when Ahuramazda
made me king in this earth.
3c. (15-8.) To Ahuramazda thus was the desire: he chose me as
(his) man in all the earth; he made me king in all the earth.
3d. (18-22.) I worshipped Ahuramazda. Ahuramazda bore me aid.
What was by me commanded to do, that he made successful for me.
What I did, all by the favor of Ahuramazda I did.
3e. (22-7.) This palace which I built at Susa, from afar its ornamentation
was brought. Downward the earth was dug, until I reached rock
in the earth. When the excavation had been made, then rubble was
packed down, some 40 cubits in depth, another (part) 20 cubits
in depth. On that rubble the palace was constructed.
3f. (28-30.) And that the earth was dug downward, and that the
rubble was packed down, and that the sun-dried brick was molded,
the Babylonian people -- it did (these tasks).
3g. (30-5.) The cedar timber, this -- a mountain named Lebanon
-- from there was brought. The Assyrian people, it brought it
to Babylon; from Babylon the Carians and the Ionians brought it
to Susa. The yakâ-timber was brought from Gandara and from
Carmania.
3h. (35-40.) The gold was brought from Sardis and from Bactria,
which here was wrought. The precious stone lapis lazuli and carnelian
which was wrought here, this was brought from Sogdiana. The precious
stone turquois, this was brought from Chorasmia, which was wrought
here.
3i. (40-5.) The silver and the ebony were brought from Egypt.
The ornamentation with which the wall was adorned, that from Ionia
was brought. The ivory which was wrought here, was brought from
Ethiopia and from Sind and from Arachosia.
3j. (45-9.) The stone columns which were here wrought, a village
named Abiradu, in Elam -- from there were brought. The stone-cutters
who wrought the stone, those were Ionians and Sardians.
3k. (49-55.) The goldsmiths who wrought the gold, those were Medes
and Egyptians. The men who wrought the wood, those were Sardians
and Egyptians. The men who wrought the baked brick, those were
Babylonians. The men who adorned the wall, those were Medes and
Egyptians.
4. (55-8.) Darius the King says: At Susa a very excellent (work)
was ordered, a very excellent (work) was (brought to completion).
Me may Ahuramazda protect, and Hystaspes my father, and my country.
DARIUS, SUSA G. (DSg)
Parts of 2 OP copies on columns.
Text:
Translation:
1 adam : Dârayavaush XSH vazraka XSH XSHyânâm
XSH DHnâm XSH ah
2 yayâ BUyâ : Vishtâspahyâ puça
Haxâamanishiya thât
3 iy : Dârayavaush XSH vithiyâ imâ stûnâ
adam akunavam
1. (1-2.) ... (= DSd 1-2).
2. (2-3.) Darius the King says: In (my) house I made these columns.
DARIUS, SUSA I. (DSi)
OP and Elam. on column.
Text:
Translation:
1 adam : Dârayavaush XSH : vazraka : XSH XSHyânâm
: XSH DHnâm : XSH a
2 hyâyâ BUyâ : Vishtâspahyâ : puça
: Haxâmanishiya : th
3 âtiy : Dârayavaush XSH : yathâ : AM : mâm
: XSHyam akunaush :
4 ahyâyâ BUyâ : vashnâ : AMha : visam
: naibam : akunavam
1. (1-2.) ... (= DSd 1-2).
2. (2-4.) Darius the King says: After Ahuramazda made me king
in this earth, by the favor of Ahuramazda everything (that) I
did (was) good.
DARIUS, SUSA J. (DSj)
Trilingual on column.
Text:
Translation:
1 adam : Dârayavaush XSH : vazraka XSH XSHyânâm
: XSH ahyâyâ BUyâ : Vishtâspahyâ
2 puça : Haxâmanishiya : thâtiy : Dârayavaush
XSH : visam : tya : adam : akunava
3 m : aniyathâ : naiy : akunavam : yathâ : AM m :
kâma: âha : avathâ: akunava
4 m : mâm : AM : daushtâ : âha : tya : akunavam
: avamaiy : visam : ucâram : âha :thâ
5 tiy : Dârayavaush XSH : vashnâ AMhâ : hya
: ima : hadish : vainâtiy : tya : manâ : ka
6 rtam : visahyâ : frasham : thadayâtaiy : mâm
: AM L pâtuv : utamaiy : DHum
1. (1-2.) (= DSd 1-2, with an omission).
2. (2-4.) Darius the King says: All that I did, I did not do otherwise,
(but) as was Ahuramazda's desire, so I did. Ahuramazda was a friend
to me; what I did, all that was successful for me.
3. (4-6.) Darius the King says: By the favor of Ahuramazda, to
every one who shall see this palace which has been built by me,
may it seem excellent. Me may Ahuramazda protect, and my country.
DARIUS, SUSA K. (DSk)
OP only on a baked clay brick.
Text:
Translation:
1 adam : Dârayavaush : XSH : vazraka : XSH : XSHy
2 ânâm : XSH : DHnâm : Vishtâspahyâ
3 puça : Haxâmanishiya : thâtiy : Dâ
4 rayavaush : XSH : manâ : AM : AMha : adam : Amm :
5 ayadaiy : AMmaiy : upastâm : baratuv
1. (1-3.) I am ... (= DPa 1-5).
2. (3-5.) Darius the King says: Ahuramazda is mine, I am Ahuramazda's.
I worshipped Ahuramazda; may Ahuramazda bear me aid.
DARIUS, SUSA L. (DSl)
OP inscription on baked clay brick.
Text:
Translation:
1 thâtiy : Dârayavaush : x
2 shâyathiya : vashnâ : Aura
3 mazdâha : tya : amaniyai
4 y : kunavânaiy : avamai
5 y : visam : ucâram : âha :
Darius the King says: By the favor of Ahuramazda, what I thought
I will do, all that was successful for me.
DARIUS, SUSA M. (DSm)
Trilingual inscription on enameled bricks forming a frieze in one of the
halls.
Text:
Translation:
1 adam : Dârayavaush : XSH : vazraka : XSH : XSHyânam
2 XSH : DHnâm : Vishtâspahyâ : puça :
Haxâmanisiya :
3 thâtiy : Dârayavaush : XSH : AMmaiy : xshaçam
: frâbara :
4 tya : vazrakam : tya : umartiyam : mâm : xshâyathiyam
5 ahyâyâ : bûmiyâ : akunaush : vashnâ
: AMhâ : imâ : dah
6 yâva : tyaishâm : adam : xshâyathiya : abavam:
Pârsa :
7 Ûja : Bâbirush: Athurâ : Arabâya : Mudrâya
: Sparda :
8 Yauna : Mâda : Armina : Katpatuka : Parthava : Zraka :
9 Haraiva : Uvârazmish : Bâxtrish : Suguda : Gadâra
10 Thatagush : Harauvatish : Hidush : Skudra : Yaunâ : taka
11 barâ : .....
1. (1-2.) I am ... (DPa 1-5).
2. (3-11.) Darius the king says: Ahuramazda bestowed upon me the
kingdom, great, possessed of good men; he made me king in this
earth. By the favor of Ahuramazda these are the countries of which
I became king: Persia, Elarn, Babylonia, Assyria, Arabia, Egypt,
Sardis, Ionia, Media, Armenia, Cappadocia, Parthia, Drangiana,
Aria, Chorasmia, Bactria, Sogdiana, Gandara, Sattagydia, Arachosia,
Sind, Skudra, petasos-wearing Ionians, ...
DARIUS, SUSA N. (DSn)
Trilingual, small fragments of an inscription on the garment of a
statue.
Text:
Translation:
1 imam : patikaram : Dârayavaush : XSH : niyashtâya
: cartanaiy : +++...
2 ... +++na : Dârayavaum : XSHyam : AM : pâtuv : utâ
: tya : kartam
This Sculpture Darius the King commanded to make; ... May Ahuramazda
protect Darius the King, and what was made (by him).
DARIUS, SUSA O. (DSo)
OP and Akk. on a marble plaque.
Text:
Translation:
1 +++++ +++++ +++++ nasha
2 tam : akunavam : thâtiy : Dâ
3 rayavaush : XSH : vashnâ : AMha : Çûsh
4 âyâ : idâ : frasham : akunavam
... I made. Darius the King says: By the favor of Ahuramazda,
I constructed here at Susa an excellent (building).
DARIUS, SUSA P. (DSp)
OP frag. on marble plaque.
Text:
Translation:
1 Auramazdâ : vazraka : hya : mathishta : bagânâm
: hauv : Dâ
2 rayavaum : XSHyam : adâ : haushaiy : xshaçam :
frâbara : tya : nai
3 bam : tya : uratharam : uvaspam : umartiyam : ....
Great Ahuramazda, the greatest of the gods -- he created Darius
the King, he bestowed upon him the kingdom, good, possessed of
good charioteers, of good horses, of good men ...
DARIUS, SUSA Q. (DSq)
Two frags. on marble plaque.
Text:
Translation:
1 ... a ...
2 ... : Dârayavaush : XSH : ... : casham : ...
3 ..... : adâna : .... ... nasatâ ...
4 .... m : mâ : ka ... ... : mâ : yâ ...
....... Darius the King ... eye ... he knew ... let not ... let
not ...
DARIUS, SUSA S. (DSs)
OP on marble plaque.
Text:
Translation:
1 baga : vazraka : Auramazdâ : hya : frasham : ah
2 yâyâ : bûmiyâ : kunautiy : hya : mart
3 iyarn : ahyâyâ : bûmiyâ : kunau
4 tiy : hya : shiyâtim : kunautiy :
5 martiyahyâ : hya : uvaspâ : urathâcâ
6 kunautiy : manâ : haudish : frâbara : mâm
: Au
7 ramazdâ : pâtuv : utâ : tyamaiy : kartam :
A great god is Ahuramazda, who makes excellence in this earth,
who makes man in this earth, who makes happiness for man, who
makes good horses and good chariots. On me he bestowed them. May
Ahuramazda protect me and what has been built by me.
DARIUS, SUSA T. (DSt)
OP on both sides of a marble plaque.
Text:
Translation:
1 baga : vasraka: Auramazdâ : hya : imâ
2 m : bûmim : adâ : hya : avam : as
3 mânam : adâ : hya : martiyam : a
4 dâ : hya : shiyâtim : adâ : mart
5 iyahyâ : hya : Dârayavaum : xsh
6 âyathiyam : akunaush : thâti
7 y : Dârayavaush : XSH : mâm : Auramaz
8 dâ : pâtuv : hadâ : bagaibish
9 : utamaiy : vitham : utâ : thuv
10 âm : kâ : XSH : hya : aparam : âhy
1. (1-6.) ... (= DNa 1-6).
2. (6-10.) ... (= DSe 49-51) and you, whoever shall be king hereafter.
DARIUS, SUSA Y. (DSy)
Trilingual on base of a column.
Text:
Translation:
1 adam : Dârayavaush XSH : vazraka XSH XSHyânâm
2 XSH DHyunâm XSH : ahyâyâ BUyâ : Vi
3 shtâspahyâ : puça : Haxâmanishiya
... (= DSd 1-2).
DZ = DARIUS, SUEZ INSCRIPTIONS.
Granite stele, not far from the 33d kilometer-stone commemorating
Darius's opening of a canal between the Red Sea and the Nile.
DARIUS, SUEZ A. (DZa)
Text:
Translation:
1 Dâ 2 raya 3 va 4 ush
Darius.
DARIUS, SUEZ B. (DZb)
Text:
Translation:
1 Dârayavaush : XSH : vazraka
2 : XSH : XSHyânâm : XSH : dahy
3 ûnâm : XSH : ahyâyâ :
4 bûmiyâ : vazrakâyâ :
5 Vishtâspahyâ pu
6 ça: Haxâmanishiya
... (= DNa 8-12, lacking two words)
DARIUS, SUEZ C. (DZc)
Text:
Translation:
1 baga : vazraka : Auramazdâ : hya : avam : asmânam
: adâ : hya : imâm : bûm
2 im : adâ : hya : martiyam : adâ : hya : shiyâtim
: adâ : martiyahy
3 â : hya : Dârayavaum : XSHyam : akunaush : hya :
Dârayavahaush : XSHyâ : xshaça
4 m : frâbara : tya : vazrakam : tya : uvaspam : umartiyam
: adam : Dârayavaush :
5 XSH : vazraka : XSH : XSHyânâm : XSH : dahyûnâm
: vipazanânâm : XSH : ahyây
6 â : bûmiyâ : vazrakâyâ : dûraiy
: apiy : Vishtâspahyâ : puça : Ha
7 xâmanishiya : thâtiy : Dârayavaush : XSH :
adam: Pârsa : amiy : hacâ : Pâ
8 rsâ : Mudrâyam : agarbâyam : adam : niyashtâyam
: imâm : yauviyâ
9 m : katanaiy : hacâ : Pirâva : nâma : rauta
: tya : Mudrâyaiy : danuvatiy : ab
10 iy : draya : tya : hacâ : Pârsâ : aitiy :
pasâva : iyam : yauviyâ : akaniya :
11 avathâ : yathâ : adam : niyashtâyam : utâ
: nâva : âyatâ : hacâ : Mudrâ
12 yâ : tara : imâm : yauviyâm : abiy : Pârsam
: avathâ : yathâ : mâm : kâma : âha
1. (1-4.) ... (= DNa 1-6, with one change of order); who upon
Darius the King ... (= Dsf 11-2).
2. (4-7.) ... (=Dna 8-13).
3. (7-12.) Darius the King says: I am a Persian; from Persia I
seized Egypt; I gave order to dig this canal from a river named
Nile which flows in Egypt, to the sea which goes from Persia.
Afterward this canal was dug thus as I had ordered, and ships
went from Egypt through this canal to Persia thus as was my desire.
DARIUS, ELVEND. (DE)
Trilingual in niche cut in the face of Mt. Elvend, SW of Hamadan
Text:
Translation:
1 baga : vazraka : Auramazdâ
2 : hya : imâm : bûmim :
3 adâ : hya : avam : asmâ
4 nam : adâ : hya : martiya
5 m : adâ : hya : shiyâti
6 m : adâ : martiyahyâ :
7 hya : Dârayavaum : xshâya
8 thiyam : akunaush : aiva
9 m : parûnâm : xshâyath
10 iyam : aivam : parûnâm
11 : framâtâram : adam :
12 Dârayavaush : xshâyathi
13 ya : vazraka : xshâyathiya :
14 xshâyathiyânâm : xsh
15 âyathiya : dahyûnâm : pa
16 ruzanânâm : xshâyath
17 iya : ahyâyâ : bûmiy
18 â : vazrakâyâ : dûraiy
19 : apiy : Vishtâspahy
20 â : puça : Haxâmanishiya
1. (1-11.) ... (= DNa 1-8).
2. (11-20.) ... (= DNa 8-10), containing many men, ... (= DNa
11-3).
DARIUS, HAMADAN. (DH)
Trilingual, duplicates on gold and silver plates.
Text:
Translation:
1 Dârayavaush : XSH : vazraka : XSH : XSHyanâm : XSH
: dahy
2 ûvnâm : Vishtâspahyâ : puça :
Haxâmanishiya :
3 thâtiy : Dârayavaush : XSH : ima : xshaçam
: tya : ada
4 m : dârayâmiy : hacâ : Sakaibish : tyaiy :
pa
5 ra : Sugdam : amata : yâtâ : â : Kûshâ
: hacâ : Hida
6 uv : amata : yâtâ : â : Spardâ : tyamaiy
: Aurama
7 zdâ : frâbara : hya : mathishta : bagânâm
: m
8 âm : Auramazdâ : pâtuv : utâmaiy : vitham
1. (1-2.) ... (= DPh 1-3).
2. (3-8.) ... (= DPh 3-10).
XERXES, PERSEPOLIS A. (XPa)
Trilingual engraving on inner walls of the great doorway.
Text:
Translation:
1 baga : vazraka : Auramazdâ : hya : imâm : bûmim
: a
2 dâ : hya : avam : asmânam : adâ : hya : martiyam
3 adâ : hya : shiyâtim : adâ : martiyahyâ
: hya
4 : Xshayârshâm : xshâyathiyam : akunaush :
aivam :
5 parûnâm : xshâyathiyam : aivam : parûnâm
: fram
6 âtâram : adam : Xshayârshâ : xshâyathiya
: vazraka :
7 xshâyathiya : xshâyathiyânâm : xshâyathiya
: dahy
8 ûnâm : paruv : zanânâm : xshâyathiya
: ahyây
9 â : bûmiyâ : vazrakâyâ : dûraiy
: apiy : Dâ
10 rayavahaush : xshâyathiyahyâ : puça : Hâxâmanish
11 iya : thâtiy : Xshayârshâ : xshâyathiya
: vashnâ :
12 Auramazdâhâ : imam : duvarthim : visadahyum
13 : adam : akunavam : vasiy : aniyashciy : naibam
14 : kartam : anâ : Pârsâ : tya : adam : akunavam
15 utamaiy : tya : pitâ : akunaush : tyapatiy : ka
16 rtam : vainataiy : naibam : ava : visam : vashnâ : A
17 uramazdâhâ : akumâ : thâtiy : Xshayârshâ
18 xshâyathiya : mâm : Auramazdâ : pâtuv
: utamai
19 y : xshaçam : utâ : tya : manâ : kartam
: utâ : tyamai
20 y : piça : kartam : avashciy : Auramazdâ : pâtuv
1. (1-6.) ... (= DNa 1-4), who made Darius king, one king of many,
one lord of many.
2. (6-11.) I am Xerxes, ... (= DE 12-9), son of King Darius, an
Achaemenian.
3. (11-7.) Xerxes the King says: By the favor of Ahuramazda, this
Colonnade of All Lands, I built. Much other good (construction)
was built within this (city) Persepolis, which I built and which
my father built. Whatever good construction is seen, all that
by the favor of Ahuramazda we built.
4. (17-20.) Xerxes the King says: May Ahuramazda protect me, and
my kingdom, and what was built by me, and what was built by my
father, that also may Ahuramazda protect.
XERXES, PERSEPOLIS B. (XPb)
OP on north side of the colonnade hall of Xerxes with copy on east side.
Text:
Translation:
1 baga : vazraka : Auramazdâ
2 : hya : imâm : bûmim :
3 adâ : hya : avam : asmâ
4 nam : adâ : hya : martiya
5 m : adâ : hya : shiyâti
6 m : adâ : martiyahyâ :
7 hya : Xshayârshâm : xshâ
8 yathiyam : akunaush : ai
9 vam : parûnâm : xshâyath
10 iyam : aivam : parûnâm
11 : framâtâram : adam : X
12 shayârshâ : xshâyathiya :
13 vazraka : xshâyathiya : xsh
14 âyathiyânâm : xshâyath
15 iya : dahyûnâm : paruv
16 zanânâm : xshâyathiya :
17 ahiyâyâ : bûmiyâ :
18 vazrakâyâ : dûraiy : a
19 piy : Dârayavahaush : xsh
20 âiyathiyahyâ : puça : Hax
21 âmanishiya : thâtiy : X
22 shayârshâ : xshâyathiya :
23 vazraka : tya : manâ : karta
24 m : idâ : utâ : tyamaiy
25 : apataram : kartam : ava : v
20 isam : vashnâ : Auramazdâ
27 ha : akunavam : mâm : Aura
28 mazdâ : pâtuv : hadâ : ba
29 gaibish : utâmaiy : xshaça
30 m : utâ : tyamaiy : kartam
1. (1-11.) ... (=XPa 1-6).
2. (11-21.) ... (= XPa 6-11).
3. (21-30.) Xerxes the Great King says: What has been built by
me here, and what has been built by me at a distance (from here),
all that by the favor of Ahuramazda I built. Me may Ahuramazda
together with the gods protect, and my kingdom, and what has been
built by me.
XERXES, PERSEPOLIS C. (XPc)
Trilingual on west pillar of the portico of Darius's
palace, with copies on south boundary wall of the terrace, an on the east
pillar of the portico.
Text:
Translation:
1 baga : vazraka : Auramazdâ : hya : imâm : bûmim
2 adâ : hya : avam : asmânam : adâ : hya : marti
3 yam : adâ : hya : shiyâtim : adâ : martiyahyâ
4 : hya : Xshayârshâm : XSHm : akunaush : aivam :
pa
5 rûnâm : XSHm : aivam : parûnâm : framâtâram
6 : adam : Xshayârshâ : XSH : vazraka : XSH : XSHânâm
: XSH :
7 dahyûnâm : paruv : zanânâm : XSH : ahyâyâ
: b
8 ûmiyâ : vazrakâyâ : dûraiy : apiy
: Dârayava
9 haush : XSHhyâ : puça : Haxâmanishiya : thâtiy
: X
10 shayârshâ : XSH : vazraka : vashnâ : Aurahya
Mazdâha : i
11 ma : hadish : Dârayavaush : XSH : akunaush : hya : manâ
12 pitâ : mâm : Auramazdâ : pâtuv : hadâ
: baga
13 ibish : upâ : tyamaiy : kartam : utâ : tyamaiy
14 piça : Dârayavahaush : XSHhyâ : kartam :
avashciy
15 : Auramazdâ : pâtuv : hadâ : bagaibish
1. (1-5.) ... (=XPa 1-6).
2. (6-9.) ... (= XPa 6-11).
3. (9-15.) Xerxes the Great King says: By the favor of Ahuramazda
this palace Darius the King built, who was my father. May Ahuramazda
together with the gods protect me, and what was built by me, and
what was built by my father Darius the King, that also may Ahuramazda
together with the gods protect.
XERXES, PERSEPOLIS D. (XPd)
Trilingual, 2 copies on pillars of Xerxes' palace, 2 more on walls
beside the steps of front terrace.
Text:
Translation:
1 baga vazraka : Auramazdâ : hya : i
2 mâm : bûmim : adâ : hya : avam
3 : asmânam : adâ : hya : martiya
4 m : adâ : hya : shiyâtim : adâ : mar
5 tiyahyâ : hya : Xshayârshâm : x
6 shâyathiyam : akunaush : aivam : par
7 ûnâm : xshâyathiyam : aivam : parû
8 nâm : framâtâram : adam : Xshayârsh
9 â : xshâyathiya : vazraka : xshâyathiya :
10 xshâyathiyânâm : xshâyathiya : dahy
11 ûnâm : paruvzanânâm : xshâyathiya
12 : ahiyâyâ : bûmiyâ : vazrakâyâ
13 : dûraiy : apiy : Dârayavahaush : xsh
14 âyathiyahyâ : puça : Haxâmanishiya
15 thâtiy : Xshayârshâ : xshâyathiya :
va
16 zraka : vashnâ : Auramazdâha : ima : had
17 ish : adam : akunavam : mâm : Auramaz
18 dâ pâtuv : hadâ : bagaibish : utama
19 iy : xshaçam : utâ : tyamaiy : kartam
1. (1-8.) ... (= XPa 1-6).
2. (8-14.) ... (= Xpa 6-11).
3. (15-9.) Xerxes the Great King says: By the favor of Ahuramazda
this palace I built. ... (= XPb 27-30).
XERXES, PERSEPOLIS E. (XPe)
Trilingual, in duplicate on door posts, above sculptures
of the king. Numerous copies on doors and windows.
Text:
Translation:
1 Xshayârshâ : xshâyathiya : vazra
2 ka : xshâyathiya : xshâyathiyâ
3 nâm : Dârayavahaush : xshâyath
4 iyahyâ : puça : Haxâmanishiya :
... (= Xpa 6-7, 9-11).
XERXES, PERSEPOLIS F. (XPf)
OP and Akk. on limestone tablet simulating a clay tablet.
Text:
Translation:
1 baga : vazraka : Auramazdâ : hya : imâ
2 m :bûmim : adâ : hya : avam : asm
3 ânam : adâ : hya : martiyam : adâ :
4 hya : shiyâtim : adâ : martiyahy
5 â : hya : Xshayârshâm : xshâyathiyam
6 : akunaush : aivam : parûnâm : xsh
7 âyathiyam : aivam parûnâm : fram
8 âtâram : adam : Xshayârshâ : xshâ
9 yathiya : vazraka : xshâyathiya : xshâ
10 yathiyânâm : xshâyathiya : dahyû
11 nâm : paruv : zanânâm : xshâyath
12 iya : ahyâyâ : bûmiyâ : vazrak
13 âyâ : dûraiy : apiy : Dârayavaha
14 ush : xshâyathiyahyâ : puça : Haxâ
15 manishiya : thâtiy : Xshayârshâ :
16 xshâyathiya : manâ : pitâ : Dâraya
17 vaush : Dârayavahaush : pitâ : Vish
18 tâspa : nâma : âha : Vishtâspahy
19 â : pitâ : Arshâma : nâma : âha
: u
20 tâ : Vishtâspa : utâ : Arshâma :
21 ubâ : ajîvatam : aciy : Auramaz
22 dâm : avathâ : kâma : âha : Dârayava
23 um : hya : manâ : pitâ : avam : xsh
24 âyathiyam : akunaush : ahyâyâ :
25 bûmiyâ : yathâ : Dârayavahaush : xsh
26 âyathiya : abava : vasiy : tya : frathara
27 m : akunaush : thâtiy : Xshayârshâ
28 : xshâyathiya : Dârayavaush : puçâ
29 aniyaiciy : âhatâ : Auramazdâm
30 : avatha : kâma : âha : Dârayavaushi : hya
31 : manâ : pitâ : pasâ : tanûm : mâm
32 : mathishtam : akunaush : yathâmaiy
33 : pitâ : Dârayavaush : gâthavâ : a
34 shiyava : vashnâ : Auramazdahâ : ada
35 m : xshâyathiya : abavam : piça : gâ
36 thavâ : yathâ : adam : xshâyathiya : a
37 bavam : vasiy : tya : fratharam : aku
38 navam : tyamaiy : piça : kartam : âha
39 : ava : adam : apayaiy : utâ : ani
40 ya : kartam : abîjâvayam : tyapati
41 y : adam : akunavam : utamaiy : tya
42 : pitâ : akunaush : ava : visam :
43 vashnâ : Auramazdahâ : akumâ : th
44 âtiy : Xshayârshâ : xshâyathiya :
45 mâm : Auramazdâ : pâtuv : utama
46 iy : xshaçam : utâ : tya : manâ : kar
47 tam : utâ : tyamaiy : piça : kartam
48 : avashciy : Auramazdâ : pâtuv
1. (1-8.) ... (=XPa 1-6).
2. (8-15.) ... (= Xpa 6-11).
3. (15-27.) Xerxes the King says: My father was Darius; Darius's
father was named Hystaspes; Hystaspes's father was named Arsames.
Both Hystaspes and Arsames were both living, at that time
-- thus to Ahuramazda was the desire -- Darius, who was my father,
him he made king on this earth. When Darius became king, he built
much excellent (construction).
4. (27-43.) Xerxes the King says: Other sons of Darius there were,
(but) -- thus to Ahuramaida was the desire -- Darius my father
made me the greatest after himself. When my father Darius went
away from the throne, by the will of Ahuramazda I became king
on my father's throne. When I became king, I built much excellent
(construction). What had been built by my father, that I protected,
and other building I added. What moreover I built, and what my
father built, all that by the favor of Ahuramazda we built.
5. (43-48.) ... (= XPa 17-20).
XERXES, PERSEPOLIS G. (XPg)
Ornamental plaque in colored enameled bricks.
Text:
Translation:
1 thâtiy : xshayârshâ :
2 xshâyathiya : vazraka : vash
3 nâ : Auramazdâha : vasi
4 y : tya : naibam : akunau
5 sh : utâ : frâmâyatâ :
6 Dârayavaush : xshâyathiya
7 : hya : manâ : pitâ : vash
8 nâpiy : Auramazdâha
9 : adam : abiyajâvayam
10 : abiy : ava : kartam :
11 utâ : frataram : akuna
12 vam : mâm : Auramazdâ
13 : pâtuv : hadâ : bagai
14 bish : utamaiy : xshaçam
Xerxes the Great King says: By the favor of Ahuramazda, King Darius
my father built and ordered (to be built) much good (construction).
By the favor also of Ahuramazda I added to that construction and
built further (buildings). ... (= XPb 27-30).
XERXES, PERSEPOLIS H. (XPh)
The Daiva Inscription: Trilingual, on stone tablets, 2 copies.
Text:
Translation:
1 baga : vazraka : Auramazdâ : hya : imâm : bûm
2 im : adâ : hya : avam : asmânam : adâ : hya
3 : martiyam : adâ : hya : shiyâtim : adâ :
4 martiyahyâ : hya : Xshayârshâm : xshâyathi
5 yam : akunaush : aivam : parûnâm : xshâyath
6 iyam : aivam : parûnâm : framâtâram
: ada
7 m : Xshayârshâ : xshâyathiya : vazraka : xshâya
8 thiya : xshâyathiyânâm : xshâyathiya
: dahy
9 ûnâm : paruv : zanânâm : xshâyathiya
: ah
10 yâyâ : bûmiyâ : vazrakâyâ
: dûraiy : a
11 piy : Dârayavahaush : xshâyathiyahyâ : puça
12 : Haxâmanishiya : Pârsa : Pârsahyâ
: puça
13 : Ariya : Ariyaciça : thâtiy : Xshayârshâ
14 : xshâyathiya : vashnâ : Auramazdahâ : imâ
15 dahyâva : tyaishâm : adam : xshâyathiya :
âh
16 âm : apataram : hacâ : Pârsâ : adamshâm
17 patiyaxshayaiy : manâ : bâjim : abaraha : t
18 yashâm : hacâma : athahiya : ava : akunava : d
19 âtam : tya : manâ : avadish : adâraya : Mâda
20 : Ûja : Harauvatish : Armina : Zraka : Parthava
21 : Haraiva : Bâxtrish : Sugda : Uvârazmi
22 sh : Bâbirush : Athurâ : Thatagush : Sparda
23 : Mudrâya : Yaunâ : tya : drayahiyâ : dâ
24 rayatiy : utâ : tyaiy : paradraya : dârayat
25 iy : Maciyâ : Arabâya : Gadâra : Hidush :
26 Katpatuka : Dahâ : Sakâ : haumavargâ : Sakâ
27 : tigraxaudâ : Skudrâ : Âkaufaciyâ
28 Putâyâ : Karkâ : Kûshiya : thâtiy
: Xsha
29 yârshâ : xshâyathiya : yathâ : tya
: adam : x
30 shâyathiya : abavam : astiy : atar : aitâ
31 : dahyâva : tyaiy : upariy : nipishtâ : a
32 yauda : pasâvamaiy : Auramazdâ : upastâm
33 abara : vashnâ : Auramazdahâ : ava : dahyâvam
34 : adam : ajanam : utashim : gâthavâ : nîdâda
35 yam : utâ : atar : aitâ : dahyâva : âha
: yad
36 âtya : paruvam : daivâ : ayadiya : pasâva
: va
37 shnâ : Auramazdahâ : adam: avam: daivadâna
38 m : viyakanam : utâ : patiyazbayam : daivâ :
39 mâ : yadiyaisha : yadâyâ : paruvam : daivâ
40 ayadiya : avadâ : adam : Auramazdâm : ayada
41 iy : artâcâ : brazmaniya : utâ : aniyash
42 ca : âha : tya : dushkartam : akariya : ava : ada
43 m : naibam : akunavam : aita : tya : adam : ak
44 unavam : visam : vashnâ : Auramazdahâ : aku
45 navam : Auramazdâmaiy upastâm : abara : y
46 âtâ : kartam : akunavam : tuva : kâ : hya
47 apara : yadimaniyâiy : shiyâta : ahaniy
48 : jîva : utâ : marta : artâvâ : ahaniy
49 avanâ : dâtâ : parîdiy : tya : Auramazd
50 â : nivashtâya : Auramazdâm : yadaishâ
: a
51 rtâcâ : brazmaniya : martiya : hya : avan
52 â : dâtâ : pariyaita : tya : Auramazdâ
: n
53 îshtâya : utâ : Auramazdâm : yadataiy
: a
54 rtâcâ : brazmaniya hauv : utâ : jîva
55 shiyâta : bavatiy : utâ : marta : artâvâ
56 : bavatiy : thâtiy : Xshayârshâ : xshâyath
57 iya : mâm : Auramazdâ : pâtuv : hacâ
: ga
58 stâ : utamaiy : vitham : utâ : imâm : dah
59 yâvam : aita : adam : Auramazdâm : jadiy
60 âmiy : aitamaiy : Auramazdâ : dadâtuv
1. (1-6.) ... (= XPa 1-6).
2. (6-13.) ... (=XPa 6-11, DNa 13-5).
3. (13-28.) Xerxes the King says: By the favor of Ahuramazda these
are the countries of which I was king ... (= DNa 18-22); Media,
Elam, Arachosia, Armenia, Drangiana, Parthia, Aria, Bactria, Sogdiana,
Chorasmia, Babylonia, Assyria, Sattagydia, Sardis, Egypt, Ionians,
those who dwell by the sea and those who dwell across the sea,
men of Maka, Arabia, Gandara, Sind, Cappadocia, Dahae, Amyrgian
Scythians, Pointed-Cap Scythians, Skudra, men of Akaufaka, Libyans,
Carians, Ethiopians.
4a. (28-35.) Xerxes the King says: When that I became king, there
is among these countries which are inscribed above (one which)
was in commotion. Afterwards Ahuramazda bore me aid; by the
favor of Ahuramazda I smote that country and put it down in its
place.
4b. (35-41.) And among these countries there was (a place) where
previously false gods [[Daevas]] were worshipped. Afterwards,
by the favor of Ahuramazda, I destroyed that sanctuary of the
demons, and I made proclamation, "The demons shall not be
worshipped!" Where previously the demons were worshipped,
there I worshipped Ahuramazda and Arta [[Asha]] reverent(ly).
4c. (41-6.) And there was other (business) that had been done
ill; that I made good. That which I did, all I did by the favor
of Ahuramazda. Ahuramazda bore me aid, until I completed the work.
4d. (46-56.) Thou who (shall be) hereafter, if you shall think,
"Happy may I be when living, and when dead may I be blessed,"
have respect for that law which Ahuramazda has established; worship
Ahuramazda and Arta reverent(ly). The man who has respect for
that law which Ahuramazda has established, and worships Ahuramazda
and Arta reverent(ly), he both becomes happy while living, and
becomes blessed when dead.
5. (56-60.) Xerxes the King says: ... (= DNa 51-5).
XERXES, PERSEPOLIS I. (XPi)
OP and Elamite on doorknob, from harem building.
Text:
Translation:
mayûxa : kâsakaina : Xshayârshâha : XSHhyâ
: vithiyâ : karta
... (= DPi) of Xerxes.
XERXES, PERSEPOLIS J. (XPj)
Trilingual, on bases of at least 5 columns.
Text:
Translation:
adam : Xshayârshâ : XSH : vazraka : XSH : XSHyânâm
: XSH : DHyûnâm : XSH : ahyâyâ : bûmiyâ
: Dârayavahaush : XSHyahyâ : Puça : Haxâmanishiya
: thâtiy : Xshayârshâ : XSH : imam : tacaram
: adam : akunavam
1. (1-3.) ... (= XPa 6-11, with two omissions).
2. (3-4.) Xerxes the King says: This palace I built.
XERXES, PERSEPOLIS K. (XPk)
OP and Elam. on the king's garment, middle door of the tacara.
Text:
Translation:
Xshayârshâ : Dârayavahaush : XSHyâ : puça
: Haxâmanishiya
Xerxes, son of King Darius, an Achaemenian.
XERXES, SUSA A. (XSa)
Trilingual on base of column
Text:
Translation:
1 thâtiy : Xshayârshâ : xshâyathiya :
vashnâ : Auramazdâha : ima :
2 hadish : Dârayavaush : xshâyathiya : akunaush :
hya : manâ : pitâ
... (= XPc 9-12, with slight omissions).
XERXES, SUSA C. (XSc)
OP on fragmentary marble tablet.
Text:
Translation:
1 adam : Xshayârshâ : xshâyathiya : vazraka
: xshâyathiya : xshâyathiyânâm : xshâya
2 thiya : dahyûnâm : Dârayavahaush : xshâyathiyahyâ
: puça : Haxâmanishiya : thât
3 iy : Xshayâshâ : xshâyathiya : ima : hadish
: akunâm : pasâva : yathâ : adam : xshâya
4 thiya : abavam : aita : adam : yânam jadiyâmiy :
Auramazdâm : mâm : Au
5 ramazdâ : pâtuv : hadâ : bagaibish : utamaiy
: xshaçam : utâ : tyamaiy : kartam
1. (1-2.) ... (= XPa 6-8, 9-11).
2. (2-5.) Xerxes the King says: I built this palace after I became
king. This I ask as a boon from Ahuramazda: ... (= XPb 27-30).
XERXES, ELVEND. (XE)
Trilingual, to the right of Darius's inscription.
Text:
Translation:
1 baga : vazraka : Auramazdâ :
2 hya : mathishta : bagânâm :
3 hya : imâm : bûmim : ad
4 â : hya : avam : asmânam :
5 adâ : hya : martiyam : ad
6 â : hya : shiyâtim : adâ
7 : martiyahyâ : hya : Xsha
8 yârshâm : xshâyathiyam :
9 akunaush : aivam : parûn
10 âm : xshâyathiyam : aivam
11 : parûnâm : framâtâram
12 : adam : Xshayârshâ : xshâ
13 yathiya : vazraka : xshâyathi
14 ya : xshâyathiyânâm : xsh
15 âyathiya : dahyûnâm : par
16 uzanânâm : xshâyathiya :
17 ahiyâyâ : bumiyâ : va
18 zrakâyâ : dûraiy : apiy
19 : Dârayavahaush : xshâyathiya
20 hyâ : puça : Haxâmanishiya
1. (1-11.) ... (= XPa 1-6).
2. (12-20.) ... (= XPa 6-11).
XERXES, VAN. (XV)
Trilingual, in niche on precipitous rocky wall of the castle.
Text:
Translation:
1 baga : vazraka : Auramazdâ : hya : mathi
2 shta : bagânâm : hya : imâm : bûm
3 im : adâ : hya : avam : asmânam :
4 adâ : hya : martiyam : adâ : hya :
5 shiyâtim : adâ : martiyahyâ :
6 hya : Xshayârshâm : xshâyathiyam
7 : akunaush : aivam : parûnâm : x
8 shâyathiyam : aivam : parûnâm :
9 framâtâram : adam : Xshayârshâ :
10 xshâyathiya : vazraka : xshâyathiya :
11 xshâyathiyânâm : xshâyathiya : da
12 hyûnâm : paruv : zanânâm : xsh
13 âyathiya : ahyâyâ : bûmiyâ :
va
14 zrakâyâ : dûraiy : apiy : Dâraya
15 vahaush : xshâyathiyahyâ : puça : Ha
16 xâmanishiya : thâtiy : Xshayârshâ
17 : xshâyathiya : Dârayavaush : xshâya
18 thiya : hya : manâ : pitâ : hauv : va
19 shnâ : Auramazdâha : vasiy : tya :
20 naibam : akunaush : utâ : ima : st
21 ânam : hauv : niyashtâya : katanaiy
22 : yaniy : dipim : naiy : nipisht
23 âm : akunaush : pasâva : adam : ni
24 yashtâyam : imâm : dipim : nipa
25 ishtanaiy : mâm : Auramazdâ : pâ
26 tuv : hadâ : bagaibish : utâmai
27 y : xshaçam : utâ : tyamaiy : kartam
1. (1-9.) A great god is Ahuramazda, the greatest of gods, ...
(= XPa 1-6).
2. (9-16.) ... (- XPa 6-11).
3. (16-27.) Xerxes the King says: King Darius, who was my father
-- he by the favor of Ahuramazda built much good (construction),
and this niche he gave orders to dig out, where he did not cause
an inscription (to be) engraved. Afterwards I gave order to engrave
this inscription. ... (= XPb 27-30).
XERXES, HAMADAN. (XH)
OP on fragment of silver pitcher.
Text:
Translation:
Xshayârshâha : XSHhyâ : vithiyâ : kartam
(Pitcher) made in the house of Xerxes the King.
ARTAXERXES I, PERSEPOLIS A. (A1Pa)
OP and Akk. on marble block found in the court before palace.
Text:
Translation:
1 baga : vazraka : Auramazdâ : hya :
2 imâm : bûmim : adâ : hya : ava
3 m : asmânam : adâ : hya . marti
4 yam : adâ : hya : shiyâtim : ad
5 â : martiyahyâ : hya Artaxshaç
6 âm : xshâyathiyam : akunaush : a
7 ivam : parûnâm : xshâyathiyam :
8 aivam : parûnâm : framâtâram
9 : adam : Artaxshaçâ : xshâyathiya
10 : vazraka : xshâyathiya : xshâyathi
11 yânâm : xshâyathiya : dahyûnâ
12 m : paruzanânâm : xshâyathiya :
13 ahyâyâ : bûmiyâ : vazrak
14 âyâ : dûraiy : apiy : Xshay
15 ârshahyâ : xshâyathiyahyâ : pu
16 ça : Dârayavahaush : napâ : Haxâmanishiya
17 : thâtiy: Artaxshaçâ : xshâ
18 yathiya : vazraka : vashnâ : Au
19 ramazdahâ : ima : hadish : Xshayâ
20 rshâ : xshâyathiya : hya : manâ : pi
21 tâ : frataram : pasâva : adam : aku
22 navam : mâm : Auramazdâ : pât
23 uv : hadâ : bagaibish : utamaiy :
24 xshaçam : utâ : tyamaiy : kartam
1. (1-8.) ... (= DNa 1-4), who made Artaxerxes king, one king
of many, one lord of many.
2. (9-16.) I am Artaxerxes, ... (= DE 12-9), son of Xerxes the
King, grandson of Darius, an Achaemenian.
3. (17-24.) Artaxerxes the Great King says: By the favor of Ahuramazda,
this palace Xerxes the King, my father, previously (began to build),
afterwards I built (to completion). ... (= XPb 27-30).
ARTAXERXES I, INCERTO LOCO. (A1I)
OP on silver dishes, 4 copies.
Text:
Translation:
Artaxshaçâ : XSH : vazraka : XSH : XSHyânâm
: XSH : DHyûnâm : Xshayârshahyâ : XSHhyâ
: puça : Xshayârshahyâ : Dârayavaushahyâ
: XSHhyâ : puça : Haxâmanishiya : hya : imam
: bâtugara : siyamam : vithiyâ : karta
Artaxerxes the Great King, King of Kings, King of Countries, son
of Xerxes the King, of Xerxes (who was) son of Darius the King;
in whose royal house this silver saucer was made.
DARIUS II, SUSA A. (D2Sa)
OP on base of column.
Text:
Translation:
1 imam : apadânam : stûnâya : athagainam :
2 Dârayavaush : XSH : vazraka : akunaush : Dâraya
3 vaum : XSHm : AM pâtuv : hadâ : BGibish
This palace, of stone in its column(s), Darius the Great King
built; Darius the King may Ahuramazda together with the gods protect.
DARIUS II, SUSA B. (D2Sb)
2 copies on base of columns, OP and Akk.
Text:
Translation:
1 adam : Dârayavaush : XSH : vazraka : XSH : XSHyânâm
: XSH : DHyûnâm XSH : a
2 hyâyâ : BUyâ : Artaxshaçahyâ
: XSHhyâ : puça : Haxâmanishiya :
3 thâtiy : Dârayavaush : XSH : ima : hadish : Artaxshaçâ
: paranam : akunaush :
4 hya : manâ : pitâ : ima : hadish : pasâva
: vashnâ : AMha : adam : akunavam
1. (1-2.) ... (= DNa 8-12, with one omission), son of Artaxerxes
the King, an Achaemenian.
2. (3-4.) Darius the King says: This palace Artaxerxes previously
built, who was my father; this palace, by the favor of Ahuramazda,
I afterwards built (to completion).
ARTAXERXES II, SUSA A. (A2Sa)
Trilingual on bases of 4 columns.
Text:
Translation:
1 thâtiy : Artaxshaçâ : XSH : vazraka : XSH
: XSHyânâm : XSH : DHyûnâm : XSH : ahyâyâ
: BUyâ : Dârayavaushahyâ : XSHhyâ : puça
: D
2 ârayavaushahyâ : Artaxshaçâhyâ
: XSHhyâ : puça : Artaxshaçâhyâ
: Xshayârcahyâ : XSHhyâ : puça : Xshayârcahyâ
: Dâra
3 yavaushahyâ : XSHhyâ : puça : Dârayavaushahyâ
: Vishtâspahyâ : puça : Haxamânashiya
: imam : apadâna : Dârayavaush : apanayâkama
: ak
4 unash : abayapara : upâ : Artaxshaçâm : nayâkama
: ++++ : vashnâ : AM : Anahata : utâ : Mithra : imam
: apadâna : adam : akunâm : AM : A
5 nahata : utâ : Mithra : mâm : pâtuv : hacâ
: vispâ : gastâ : upâ : imam : tya : akunâm
: mâ : vijanâtiy : mâ : vinâthayâtiy
Artaxerxes the Great King, King of Kings, King of Countries, King
in this earth, son of Darius the King, of Darius (who was) son
of Artaxerxes the King, of Artaxerxes (who was) son of Xerxes
the King, of Xerxes (who was) son of Darius the King, of Darius
(who was) son of Hystaspes, an Achaemenian, says: This palace
Darius my great-great-grandfather built; later under Artaxerxes
my grandfather it was burned; by the favor of Ahuramazda, Anahita,
and Mithra, this palace I built. May Ahuramazda, Anahita, and
Mithra protect me from all evil, and that which I have built may
they not shatter nor harm.
ARTAXERXES II, SUSA B. (A2Sb)
Trilingual on base of column.
Text:
Translation:
adam : Artaxshaçâ : XSH : vazraka : XSH XSHyânâ
: XSH : Dârayavaush : XSHhyâ : Puça
... (= A2Sa 1, with omissions).
ARTAXERXES II, SUSA C. (A2Sc)
OP on stone tablet.
Text:
Translation:
0 Dârayavaushahyâ : XSHhyâ : puça :
0 Dârayavaushahyâ : Vishtâspahyâ : puça
1 : Haxâmanishiya : thâtiy : Artaxshaçâ
2 xshâyathiya : vazraka : xshâyathiya : x
3 shâyathiyanâm : xshâyathiya : dahyûn
4 âm : xshâyathiya : ahyâyâ : bûmiyâ
: i
5 mâm : hadish : utâ : imâm : usta
6 canâm : tya : athagainâm : ta +++++
7 ..... ..... ..... .. : Auramazdâ :
8 .....
1. (0-1.) ... (= A2Sa 2-3).
2. (1-7.) ... (= A2Sa 1): This palace and this stone staircase
... Ahuramazda ...
ARTAXERXES II, SUSA D (A2Sd)
Trilingual on base of column, with fragments of other copies.
(COPIES BA, DB, DC).
Text:
Translation:
1 adam : Artaxshaçâ : XSH : vazraka : XSH : XSHyânâm
: XSH : DHyûnâm : XSH : ahyâyâ :
2 BUyâ : Dârayavaush : XSHâhya : puça
: Haxâmanishiya : thâtiy : Artaxshaçâ
: XSH :
3 vashnâ : AMhâ : imâm : hadish : tya : jivadiy
: paradayadâm : adam : akunavâm : AM : Anah
4 ita : utâ : Mitra : mâm : pâtuv : hacâ
: vispâ : gastâ : utamaiy : kartam
1. (1-2.) ... (= A2Sa 1), an Achaemenian.
2. (2-4.) Artaxerxes the King says: By the favor of Ahuramazda
this is the palace which I built in my lifetime as a pleasant
retreat. May Ahuramazda, Anahita, and Mithra protect me from all
evil, and my building.
ARTAXERXES II, HAMADAN A. (A2Ha)
Trilingual on fragment of column base.
Text:
Translation:
1 thâtiy : Artaxshaçâ : XSH : vazraka : XSH
: XSHyânâm : XSH : DHyûnâm : XSH : ah
2 yâyâ : BUyâ : Dârayavashahyâ :
XSHhyâ : puça: Dârayavashahyâ : Artaxshathra
3 hyâ : XSHhyâ : puça : Artaxshathrahyâ
: Xshayârshahyâ : XSHhyâ : Xshayâr
4 shahyâ : Dârayavashahyâ : XSHhyâ : puça
: Dârayavashahyâ : Vishtâspahyâ : puça
5 : Haxâmanishiya : imam : apadâna : vashnâ
: AM : Anahata : utâ : Mitra : adam : akun
6 âm : AM : Anahata : utâ : Mitra : mâm : pâtuv
: hacâ : vispâ : gastâ : ut
7 â : imam : tya : akunâ : mâ : vijanâtiy
: mâ : vinâthayâtiy
1. (1-5.) ... (= A2Sa 1-3).
2. (5-7.) ... (= A2Sa 4-5).
ARTAXERXES II, HAMADAN B. (A2Hb)
OP on base of column.
Text:
Translation:
apadânam : stûnâya : athagainam : Artaxshaçâ
: XSH : vazraka : akunaush : hya : Dârayavaush : XSH : puçâ
: Haxâmanishiya : Mitra : mâm : pâtuv
This palace, of stone in its column(s), Artaxerxes the Great King
built, the son of Darius the King, an Achaemenian. May Mithra
protect me ...
ARTAXERXES II, HAMADAN C. (A2Hc)
OP on gold tablet.
Text:
Translation:
1 baga : vazraka : Auramazdâ : hya : mathishta :
2 bagânâm : hya : imâm : bûmim : adâ
3 hya : avam : asmânam : adâ : hya : martiya
4 m : adâ : hya : shiyâtim : adâ : martiyahy
5 â : hya : Artaxshaçâm : XSHm : akunaush :
ai
6 vam : parûnâm : XSHm : aivam : parûnâm
7 framâtâram : thâtiy : Artaxshaçâ
: XSH : va
8 zraka : XSH : XSHyânâm : XSH : DHyûnâm
: XSH
9 : ahyâyâ : BUyâ : adam : Dârayavaushahy
10 â : XSHhyâ : puça : Dârayavaushahyâ
: Artax
11 shaçâhyâ : XSHhyâ : puça :
Artaxshaçâhy
12 â : Xshayârshâhyâ : XSHhyâ :
puça : Xshay
13 ârshâhyâ : Dârayavaushahyâ :
XSHhyâ : p
14 uça : Dârayavaushahyâ : Vishtâspahyâ
: nâ
15 ma : puça : Haxâmanishiya : thâtiy : Artaxsha
16 çâ : XSH : vashnâ : Auramazdâhâ
: adam : XSH : a
17 hyâyâ : BUyâ : vazrakâyâ : dûraiy
: a
18 piy : amiy : Auramazdâ : xshaçam : manâ
: frâba
19 ra : mâm : Auramazdâ : pâtuv : utâ
: xshaça
20 m : tyamaiy : frâbara : utâmaiy : vitham
1. (1-7.) A great god is Ahuramazda, the greatest of gods, ...
(= A1Pa 1-8).
2. (7-15.) ... (= A2Sa 1): I (am) ... (= A2Sa 1-2), son of Hystaspes
by name, an Achaemenian.
3. (15-20.) Artaxerxes the King says: By the favor of Ahuramazda
I am king in this great earth far and wide; Ahuramazda bestowed
the kingdom upon me. May Ahuramazda protect me, and the kingdom
which he bestowed upon me, and my royal house.
ARTAXERXES II OR III, PERSEPOLIS. (A?P)
Trilingual, labeling the throne-bearers of the south tomb.
Text:
Translation:
1 iyam : Pârsâ :
2 iyam : Mâda :
3 iyam : Ûvja :
4 iyam : Parthava :
8 iyam : Uvârazmiya
9 iyam : Zrakâ
10 iyam : Harauvatiya
11 iyam : Thataguiya
12 iyam : Gadâraya :
13 iyam : Hiduya
14 iyam : Sakâ : haumavargâ :
15 iyam : Sakâ : tigraxaudâ :
16 iyam : Bâbirush :
17 iyam : Athuriya
18 iyam : Arabâya
19 iyam : Mudrâya
20 iyam : Arminiya
21 iyam : Katpatuka :
22 imay : Spardiya
23 iyam : Yaunâ :
24 iyam : Sakâ : paradraiya :
25 iyam : Skudra :
26 iyam : Yauna : takabarâ :
27 iyam : Putâya :
28 iyam : Kûshâya
29 iyam : Maciya
30 iyam : Karka :
1. This is the Persian. 2. This is the Mede. 3. This is the Elamite.
4. This is the Parthian. [5-7. This is the Arian, the Bactrian,
the Sogdian.] 8. This is the Chorasmian. 9. This is the Drangian.
10. This is the Arachosian.
11. This is the Sattagydian. 12. This is the Gandarian. 13. This
is the man of Sind. 14. This is the Amyrgian Scythian. 15. This
is the Pointed-Cap Scythian. 16. This is the Babylonian. 17. This
is the Assyrian. 18. This is the Arab. 19. This is the Egyptian.
20. This is the Armenian.
21. This is the Cappadocian. 22. This is the Sardian. 23. This
is the Ionian. 24. This is the Scythian across the sea. 25. This
is the Skudrian. 26. This is the Petasos-Wearing lonian. 27. This
is the Libyan. 28. This is the Ethiopian. 29. This is the man
of Maka. 30. This is the Carian.
ARTAXERXES III. PERSEPOLIS A, B, C, D.
(A3Pa)
OP, 3 copies on north wall of terrace of palace of Artaxerxes,
1 copy on palace of Darius.
Text:
Translation:
1 baga : vazraka : Auramazdâ : hya :
2 imâm : bûmâm : adâ : hya : a
3 vam : asmânâm : adâ : hya : marti
4 yam : adâ : hya : shâyatâm : adâ : marti
5 ihyâ : hya : mâm : Artaxshaçâ : xshâya
6 thiya : akunaush : aivam parûvnâm :
7 xshâyathiyam : aivam : parûvnâm
8 : framatâram : thâtiy : Artaxsaçâ :
9 xshâyathiya : vasraka : xshâyathiya
10 : xshâyathiyanâm : xshâyathiya :
11 DHyûnâm : xshâyathiya : ahyâyâ
: BUyâ : ada
12 m : Artaxshaçâ : xshâya
13 thiya : puça : Artaxshaçâ : Darayavau
14 sh : xshâyathiya : puça : Dârayavaush :
15 rtaxshaçâ : xshâyathiya : puça :
Artaxsha
16 çâ : Xshayârshâ : xshâyathiya
: puça : X
17 shayârshâ : Dârayavaush : xshâyath
18 iya : puça : Dârayavaush : Vishtâspa
19 hyâ : nâma : puça : Vishtâspahyâ
20 Arshâma : nâma : puça : Haxâmanishi
21 ya : thâtiy : Artaxshaçâ : xshâyathi
22 ya : imam : ustashanâm : athaganâm : mâ
23 m : upâ : mâm : kartâ : thâtiy : Arta
24 xshaçâ : xshâyathiya : mâm : Auramazdâ
25 utâ : Mithra : baga : pâtuv : utâ : imâ
26 m : DHyaum : utâ : tya : mâm : kartâ :
1. (1-8.) ... (= DNa 1-4), who made me, Artaxerxes, king, ...
(= DNa 6-8).
2. (8-21.) ... (= A2Sa 1): I am the son (of) Artaxerxes the King,
(of) Artaxerxes (who was) the son (of) Darius the King, (of) Darius
(who was) the son (of) Artaxerxes the King, (of) Artaxerxes (who
was) the son (of) Xerxes the King, (of) Xerxes (who was) the son
(of) Darius the King, (of) Darius (who was) the son of Hystaspes
by name, of Hystaspes (who was) the son (of) Arsames by name,
an Achaemenian.
3. (21-3.) Artaxerxes the King says: This stone staircase was
built by me in my time.
4. (23-6.) Artaxerxes the King says: May Ahuramazda and the god
Mithra protect me, and this country, and what was built by me.
INSCRIPTIONS ON WEIGHTS.
Trilingual inscription on blunt pyramid of dark green diorite.
DARIUS, WEIGHT A. (Wa)
Text:
Translation:
1 II karshâ
2 adam : Dâra
3 yavaush : xsh
4 âyathiya : va
5 zraka : Vish
6 tâspahyâ
7 : puça : Hax
8 âmanishiya
II (units) by weight. ... (= Wb 1-2, 7-9):
DARIUS, WEIGHT B. (Wb)
Trilingual inscription on blunt pyramid of dark green.
Text:
Translation:
1 adam : Dârayavaush : x
2 shâyathiya : vazraka : x
3 shâyathiya : xshâyath
4 iyânâm : xshâyath
5 iya : dahyûnâm : xsh
6 âyathiya : ahyâyâ
7 : bûmiyâ : Vishtâ
8 spahyâ : puça : Haxâ
9 manishiya
... (= DSf 5-8).
DARIUS, WEIGHT C. (Wc)
Trilingual inscription on blunt pyramid of grayish-green diorite,
found in Treasurt at Persepolis.
Text:
Translation:
1 CXX karshayâ
2 adam : Dârayavaush : x
3 shâyathiya : vazraka : x
4 shâyathiya : xshâyath
5 iyânâm : xshâyath
6 iya : dahyûnâm : x
7 shâyathiya : ahyây
8 â : bûmiyâ : Visht
9 âspahyâ : puça : Hax
10 âmanishiya
120 (units) in weight.
... (= Wb 1-9).
DARIUS, WEIGHT D. (Wd)
Trilingual inscription on blunt pyramid of grayish-green
diorite, found in Treasury at Persepolis.
Text:
Translation:
1 LX karshayâ
2 adam : Dârayavaush :
3 xshâyathiya : vazraka :
4 xshâyathiya : xshâyath
5 iyânâm : xshâyath
6 iya : dahyûnâm : xsh
7 âyathiya : ahyâyâ
8 : bûmiyâ : Vishtâ
9 spahyâ : puça : Hax
10 âmanishiya
60 (units) in weight. ... (= Wb 1-9).
INSCRIPTIONS ON SEALS
Text:
Translation:
DARIUS, SEAL A: (SDa)
adam : Darayavaush XSH
I (am) Darius the King.
DARIUS, SEAL B: (SDb)
adam : Dârayavaush
I (am) Darius.
XERXES, SEAL A: (SXa)
1 Xshayârshâ
2 : XSH : vazraka
Xerxes the Great King.
XERXES, SEAL B: (SXb)
1 adam : Xshay
2 ârshâ : XSH
I (am) Xerxes the King.
XERXES, SEAL C: (SXc)
1 adam : Xshayârshâ : XSH
2 .....
I (am) Xerxes the King.
SEAL A: (Sa)
1 Arsha
2 ka : n
3 âma :
4 Âthi
5 yâba
6 ushna
7 hyâ :
8 puça
Arshaka by name, son of Athiyabaushna.
SEAL B: (Sb)
1 Hadaxaya
2 .........
3 thadatha : ...
???
SEAL C: (Sc)
Vashdâsaka
???
SEAL D: (Sd)
Vahyavishdâpaya
???
SEAL E: (Se)
1 ma : Xa 2 rsha 3 dashyâ
???
SEAL F: (Sf)
1 upâ 2 Arta 3 xshaç 4 âm
Under Artaxerxes.
VASE INSCRIPTIONS.
Text:
Translation:
XERXES, VASE: (XVs)
Xshayârshâ : XSH : vazraka
Xerxes the Great King.
ARTAXERXES, VASE A: (AVsa)
Ardaxcashca : XSH : vazraka
Artaxerxes the Great King.
ARTAXERXES, VASES B, C, D: (AVsb-d)
Artaxshaçâ : xshâyathiya
Artaxerxes the King.
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