Opera (web browser) - Wikipedia
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Free web browser
"Opera Browser" redirects here. For the operating company, see
Opera (company)
. For the art form, see
Opera
Opera
Opera 102 operating on
macOS
, showing this page on the
English Wikipedia
Developer
Opera
Initial release
10 April 1995
; 31 years ago
1995-04-10
Stable release
130.0.5847.82
/ 22 April 2026
; 0 days ago
22 April 2026
Written in
C++
Engines
Blink
V8
Operating system
Android 10
and later
iOS 15
and later
iPadOS 15
and later
Linux
macOS 12
and later
Windows 10
and later
Available in
42 languages
Type
Web browser
License
Freeware
Website
www
.opera
.com
Opera
is a multi-platform
web browser
Opera
The current edition of the browser is based on
Chromium
. Opera is available on
Windows
macOS
Linux
Android
, and
iOS
Safari
WebKit
engine).
Opera offers two
mobile
versions, called
Opera Mobile
and
Opera Mini
10
Opera was first developed at
Telenor
as part of the MultiTorg project.
After four beta versions, the first stable version was released on 10 April 1995, making it one of the oldest desktop
web browsers
to exist. It was
commercial software
for its first ten years and had its own proprietary layout engine,
Presto
. In 2013, it switched from the Presto engine to
Chromium
In 2019, Opera introduced
Opera GX
, a gaming-themed version of Opera with additional features related to gaming.
11
The browser has a feature called mods which made it possible to change the look of the browser with dynamic backgrounds, custom Opera logos, etc.
In 2025, Opera released
Opera Air
, a more lightweight version of the browser designed with a focus on mindfulness and user well-being. It integrates standard browsing functionalities with tools aimed at reducing digital stress and enhancing productivity.
In the same year, Opera released
Opera Neon
, an AI agentic browser which has similar functions to
ChatGPT Atlas
12
Ownership and location
edit
According to Opera Limited's 20-F filing for the fiscal year ending 31 December 2024
13
to the
US Securities and Exchange Commission
(required as it is listed on
NASDAQ
), Opera Limited is incorporated in
Cayman Islands
, and is a subsidiary of Kunlun Tech Co
14
, which is based in Beijing and listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange.
Opera Limited wholly owns Opera Holdings AS, which in turn wholly owns Opera Services AS, which in turn wholly owns Opera Norway AS (all incorporated in
Norway
). The filing notes "Our corporate headquarters is located in
Oslo
Norway
. Our principal technical development facilities are located in
Wroclaw
Poland
Dundee
Scotland
Beijing
China
and both
Linköping
and
Gothenburg
Sweden
".
The filing notes that Opera is owned by Chinese company Kunlun Tech Co: "In 2021, Kunlun, a
Chinese
public company and our largest investor, increased its ownership stake in us beyond 50%, and as a result we became a consolidated subsidiary of Kunlun … as a subsidiary of Kunlun, we are additionally subject to certain of the listing rules of the Shenzhen Stock Exchange and Chinese corporate governance standards."
James Yahui Zhou
, the controlling shareholder of Kunlun, is executive chairman of Opera's board: "As of the date of this annual report, Kunlun, a
Chinese
public company listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, indirectly owns 68.8% of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares. As such, we are a consolidated subsidiary of Kunlun."
15
16
History
edit
Main article:
History of the Opera web browser
In 1994,
Jon Stephenson von Tetzchner
and
Geir Ivarsøy
started developing the Opera
web browser
while working at
Telenor
, a
Norwegian
telecommunications company.
17
In 1995, they founded
Opera Software AS
18
Opera was initially released on 10 April 1995, and then it was released publicly in 1996 with version 2.10,
19
which ran on
Microsoft Windows 95
20
Development for
mobile device
platforms started in 1998.
21
Opera 4.0, released in 2000,
19
included a new cross-platform core that facilitated the creation of editions of Opera for multiple
operating systems
and platforms.
22
To this point, Opera was
trialware
and had to be purchased after the trial period. With version 5.0, released in 2000, Opera became
ad-sponsored
, displaying ads to users who had not paid for it.
23
Subsequent versions have given users the choice of seeing
banner ads
or targeted text ads from
Google
citation needed
With version 8.5, released in 2005, the ads were completely removed, and the browser's primary financial support came through revenue from
Google
(by contract, Opera's default
search engine
).
24
Among new features introduced in version 9.1, released in 2006, was fraud protection using technology from
GeoTrust
, a
digital certificate
provider, and
PhishTank
, an organization that tracks known
phishing
websites.
25
This feature was further expanded in version 9.5, when
GeoTrust
was replaced with
Netcraft
, and malware protection from Haute Secure was added.
26
In 2006,
Nintendo
released the
Nintendo DS Browser
and
Internet Channel
for
Nintendo
's
DS
and
Wii
gaming systems, respectively, which were Opera-based browsers.
27
28
29
30
A new
JavaScript
engine, called Carakan (after the
Javanese alphabet
), was introduced with version 10.50.
31
According to Opera Software, it made Opera 10.50 more than seven times faster in
SunSpider
than Opera 10.10.
32
33
34
On 16 December 2010, Opera 11 was released, featuring
extensions
35
tab stacking (where dragging one tab over another allowed creating a group of tabs), visual mouse gestures and changes to the address bar.
36
Opera 12 was released on 14 June 2012.
37
On 12 February 2013, Opera Software announced that it would drop its own
Presto
layout engine in favor of
WebKit
as implemented by Google's
Chrome
browser, using code from the
Chromium
project. Opera Software planned as well to contribute code to
WebKit
38
On 3 April 2013, Google announced it would fork components from
WebKit
to form a new layout engine,
Blink
. That day, Opera Software confirmed it would follow Google in implementing Blink.
39
On 28 May 2013, a beta release of Opera 15 was made available,
40
the first version based on the Chromium project.
41
42
Many distinctive Opera features of the previous versions were dropped, and Opera Mail was separated into a standalone application derived from Opera 12.
43
In 2016, Opera was acquired by an investment group led by a Chinese consortium, the consortium included several Chinese companies such as Kunlun Tech and
Qihoo 360
. On 27 July 2018, Opera Software went
public
on the
NASDAQ
stock exchange, raising $115 million in its
initial public offering
44
Opera began repurchasing its shares in 2022 following the closure of
360 Security Technology Inc.
that year.
45
46
In January 2017, the source code of Opera 12.15, one of the last few versions still based on the Presto layout engine, was leaked. The source code of Presto, which is
proprietary software
, was uploaded to
GitHub
on 13 January, but was taken down four days later after Opera Software lawyers issued a
DMCA notice
47
The code repository was later reuploaded to
Bitbucket
48
It was later taken down there too, and the Bitbucket repository now returns a 404.
The source is currently available at
To demonstrate how radically different a browser could look, Opera Neon, dubbed a "concept browser", was released in January 2017.
PC World
compared it to demo models that automakers and hardware vendors release to show their visions of the future. Instead of a
Speed Dial Browsing
feature it displays the frequently accessed websites in resemblance to a
desktop
with computer icons scattered over it in an artistic formation.
49
50
On 10 May 2017, Opera 45 was released. Notably this was the last version of the browser compatible with
32-bit Linux
distributions, with later versions requiring a
64-bit Linux
distribution. This version, inspired by the previous Opera Neon design, was called "Opera Reborn" and which redoes parts of the user interface, such as adding light and dark modes, and integrates the messenger applications
Facebook Messenger
WhatsApp
, and
Telegram
. Additionally, new ad-blocking settings were added along with security changes.
51
On 4 January 2018, Opera 50 was released. This version updated the browser to utilize the built-in ad blocker to provide
cryptocurrency mining
protection that stops sites from running scripts that attempt to use the
CPU
to mine cryptocurrency. Additionally the browser added
Chromecast
support,
VR
support enhancements, saving pages as
PDF
s, and improved VPN performance with region-based locations rather than country-based.
52
On 9 April 2019, Opera 60 was released. This version, codenamed Reborn 3, focused on moving the browser towards a more minimal design, further improving the free
VPN
service, and was marketed as being the "World's first
Web3
ready browser", as it included out of the box integrations with blockchain and cryptocurrency applications.
53
On 21 May 2019, Opera GX is announced and opened for early access. The only information available in this announcement is that the browser would be a special version of the browser aimed at those who play games. The early-access program was opened on 11 June 2019.
54
55
On 24 June 2021, Opera 77, codenamed Opera R5, was released. As one of the larger updates to the browser, it added more music streaming services in the sidebar, integrating native support for
Apple Music
Spotify
YouTube Music
Tidal
SoundCloud
, and
Gaana
. The "
Pinboards
" feature was also added, letting users create a shareable collection of websites, images, links, and notes in a visual form. A video popout feature was also added for video conferencing, which happens automatically when switching tabs, popping out of the window when navigating away and popping back in when navigating back.
56
Later, in Opera 83 released on 19 January 2022, this feature would be implemented for all video players, not just video conferencing platforms.
57
On 31 Jan 2023, Opera announced that given the discontinuation of support for
Windows 7
and
8.1
by
Microsoft
Chromium based browsers
are also ending support, so Opera will no longer get updates on those versions, but older versions will continue to function on those versions of Windows.
58
On 22 March 2023, Opera and Opera GX incorporated features with AI-powered tools. These features include AI Prompts that are suggested to the user, and sidebar access to
ChatGPT
and ChatSonic. The prompts show up on sites that contain content like articles, offering to shorten the text or summarize them.
59
On 20 June 2023, Opera launched Opera 100, codenamed Opera One, a version of the browser built from the ground up around
AI
which was unveiled on 25 April 2023. This browser includes a native AI called Aria, a
GPT-based
AI engine that was developed collaboratively with
OpenAI
that sifts through web information, generates text and code, and more. Tab islands were also introduced, allowing browser tabs to be grouped together, bookmarked, collapsed, and more. Major UI changes were made, and a Multithreaded Compositor was introduced, allowing the browser to function and render in animations much smoother than it was previously capable.
60
In February 2025, the platform launched preview of its Browser Operator, an
AI assistant
that handles browsing tasks for users.
61
In May 2025,
Opera Neon
62
is introduced, which is an
AI browser
designed to understand user's intent, assist with tasks, and take actions.
Features
edit
Opera has originated features later adopted by other web browsers, including:
Speed Dial
pop-up blocking
, reopening recently closed pages,
private browsing
, and
tabbed browsing
63
Additional features include a built-in screenshot tool, Snapshot, which also includes an image-markup tool;
64
built-in
ad blockers
, and tracking blockers.
65
Built-in messengers
edit
Opera's desktop browser includes access to
social media
messaging apps
WhatsApp
Discord
Telegram
Facebook Messenger
(Formerly
),
Bluesky
Slack
, and
VK
66
Usability and accessibility
edit
Opera includes a
bookmarks
bar and a
download manager
. It also has "
Speed Dial
" which allows the user to add an unlimited number of pages shown in
thumbnail
form in a page displayed when a new tab is opened.
67
68
Opera was one of the first browsers to support
Cascading Style Sheets
(CSS) in 1998.
69
Opera Turbo, a feature that compresses requested web pages (except
HTTPS
pages) before sending them to the users, is no longer available on the desktop browser. Opera Turbo is available in
Opera Mini
, the
mobile browser.
70
Privacy and security
edit
See also:
Browser security
One security feature is the option to delete private data, such as
HTTP cookies
, browsing history, items in
cache
and passwords with the click of a button.
71
When visiting a site, Opera displays a security badge in the address bar which shows details about the website, including security certificates.
72
Opera's
fraud
and
malware
protection warns the user about suspicious web pages and is enabled by default. It checks the requested page against several databases of known
phishing
and malware websites, called blacklists.
72
In 2016, a free
virtual private network
VPN
) service was implemented in the browser.
73
Opera said that this would allow encrypted access to websites otherwise blocked, and provide security on
public WiFi
networks.
74
Security experts at
Deloitte
inspected Opera VPN's technical infrastructure to ensure users' data linked to their activities is never stored or logged as stated on Opera's no-log policy.
75
Crypto-wallet support
edit
In 2018, a built-in
cryptocurrency wallet
for the Opera browser was released,
76
with an announcement that Opera would be the first browser with such a feature.
77
On 13 December 2018, Opera released a video showing many decentralized applications like
Cryptokitties
running on the Android version of the Opera Web Browser.
78
In March 2020, Opera updated its
Android
browser to access
.crypto
domains (
IPFS
), making it the first browser to be able to support a
domain name system
(DNS) which is not part of the traditional DNS directly without the need of a plugin or add-on.
79
This was through a collaboration with a
San Francisco
–based startup, Unstoppable Domains.
80
81
In 2021
iOS
and
desktop
versions have support for
IPFS
82
In January 2022, Opera introduced Opera Crypto Browser into public beta, combining a non-custodial wallet with a dedicated browser for blockchain-enabled services and
Web3
technologies.
83
On 14 April 2022, Opera launched its Crypto Browser available on
iOS
devices.
84
As of 2023, Opera Crypto Browser has been discontinued, with the browser's features being integrated into Opera and Opera GX.
AI chatbot
edit
In 2023, Opera added an
AI chatbot
called Aria into the browser. This is powered by Opera's Composer AI engine and connects to
OpenAI's
GPT
model.
Other versions
edit
Opera GX
edit
Opera GX
A screenshot of Opera GX on
Windows 11
Developer
Opera
Initial release
11 June 2019
; 6 years ago
2019-06-11
Stable release(s)
Windows
127.0.5778.67
85
/ 14 February 2026
; 2 months ago
14 February 2026
macOS
127.0.5778.67
85
/ 14 February 2026
; 2 months ago
14 February 2026
Android
3.1.2
86
/ 16 December 2025
; 4 months ago
16 December 2025
iOS, iPadOS
3.1.2
87
/ 16 February 2026
; 2 months ago
16 February 2026
Engines
Blink
WebKit
on iOS/iPadOS),
V8
Operating system
Android 10
and later
iOS 17
and later
iPadOS 17
and later
macOS 12
and later
Windows 10
and later
Linux
Type
Web browser
License
Freeware
Website
www
.opera
.com
/gx
Opera GX is a gaming-oriented alternative to Opera. The browser was announced on 21 May 2019 and released in
early access
for
Windows
on 11 June 2019, during
E3 2019
. The
macOS
version was released in December of the same year.
88
89
Opera GX adds features geared toward gamers and other audiences, with the regular Opera browser features included. The limiter allows users to limit network,
CPU
, and memory usage to preserve system resources. GX Cleaner is a tool that is said to allow users to clear
cache
, and other unwanted files etc. The browser also adds integrations with other websites such as
Twitch
Discord
, and
. The browser also has a built-in page called the GX Corner, which combines gaming-related releases, deals, and news articles.
90
91
On 5 September 2019, Opera won a
Red Dot
award in the Interface and User Experience Design category for Opera GX. Around the same time, Opera GX also marked its first one million downloads.
92
On 20 May 2021, a
mobile
version of Opera GX was released on
iOS
and
Android
93
On 12 November of the same year, Opera GX Mobile was awarded another
Red Dot
award in both the Apps category and the
Interface
and
User Experience Design
: Mobile UIs category.
94
On 19 August 2023, Opera GX introduced a
VTuber
named GX Aura for their
social media
accounts; she later became the mascot for the browser.
95
96
On 28 November of the same year, Opera GX launched a new advertising campaign titled "Bury Boring", featuring actor and comedian
Eric André
smashing and burying computers not using Opera GX.
97
98
The advertising campaign also included a splash screen whenever the browser is launched during the campaign with slashing sounds and André yelling out the browser's name. While well received by many of its user base, many criticized Opera GX's actions.
citation needed
In 2025, Opera made an advertising campaign titled "Your Setup wants Opera GX" which had a quest on
Discord
that lasted until 26 November.
99
The reward was 700 Orbs.
citation needed
On 19 March 2026, Opera GX released for Linux.
100
101
Opera Air
edit
Opera Air
Screenshot of Opera Air on
Windows 11
Developer
Opera
Initial release
4 February 2025
; 14 months ago
2025-02-04
Engine
Blink
Operating system
macOS 12
and later
Windows 10
and later
Type
Web browser
License
Freeware
Website
www
.opera
.com
/air
Opera Air is a web browser released by Opera in February 2025.
102
It has features that focus on mindfulness and relaxation to combat
doomscrolling
103
The browser incorporates tools for relaxation and focus, such as Take-a-break reminders, customizable meditation and stretching exercises, and a Boosts feature that plays ambient sounds, music, and binaural beats. These tools and exercises are in the browser’s sidebar.
104
Opera Neon
edit
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adding to it
November 2025
Development stages
edit
Opera Software uses a release cycle consisting of three "streams", corresponding to phases of development, that can be downloaded and installed independently of each other: "
developer
", "beta", and "stable". New features are first introduced in the
developer build
, then, depending on user
feedback
, may progress to the
beta version
and eventually be
released
105
The developer stream allows early testing of new features, mainly targeting developers, extension creators, and early adopters. Opera developer is not intended for everyday browsing as it is unstable and is prone to failure or crashing, but it enables advanced users to try out new features that are still under development, without affecting their normal installation of the browser. New versions of the browser are released frequently, usually a few times a week.
106
The beta stream, formerly known as "Opera Next", is a
feature complete
package, allowing stability and quality to mature before the final release. A new version is released every couple of weeks.
107
Both streams can be installed alongside the official release without interference. Each has a different icon to help the user distinguish between the variants.
108
Market adoption
edit
Further information:
Usage share of web browsers
Desktop/laptop browser statistics
Google Chrome
69.37%
Microsoft Edge
12.75%
Safari
7.13%
Mozilla Firefox
4.58%
Opera
2.58%
Other
3.59%
Desktop web browser market share according to
StatCounter
for March 2026
109
Integrations
edit
In 2005,
Adobe Systems
integrated Opera's rendering engine, Presto, into its
Adobe Creative Suite
applications. Opera technology was employed in
Adobe GoLive
Adobe Photoshop
Adobe Dreamweaver
, and other components of the
Adobe Creative Suite
110
111
Opera's layout engine is also found in Virtual Mechanics SiteSpinner Pro.
112
The Internet Channel is a version of the Opera 9 web browser for use on the
Nintendo Wii
created by Opera Software and
Nintendo
. Opera Software is also implemented in the
Nintendo DS Browser
and
Nintendo DSi Browser
for
Nintendo's handheld systems
113
As of April 2021, Opera's offerings had over 320 million active users.
114
Reception
edit
The Opera browser has been listed as a "tried and tested direct alternative to
Chrome
".
115
It scores close to
Chrome
on the
HTML5test
, which scores browsers' compatibility with different web standards.
113
Versions with the Presto layout engine have been positively reviewed,
116
117
although they have been criticized for website compatibility issues.
118
119
Because of this issue, Opera 8.01 and higher had included workarounds to help certain popular but problematic web sites display properly.
120
121
Versions with the Blink layout engine have been criticized by some users for missing features such as
UI
customization, and for abandoning Opera Software's own Presto layout engine.
122
Despite that, versions with the Blink layout engine have been noted for being fast and stable, for handling the latest web standards and for having a better website compatibility and a modern-style
user interface
123
124
See also
edit
Opera browser platform variants:
Opera Mini
: a browser for
tablets
and
telephones
Opera Mobile
: a browser for
tablets
and
telephones
Related other browsers:
Brave
: open-source privacy-focused browser
Otter Browser
: an open-source browser that recreates some aspects of the classic Opera
Vivaldi
: a
freeware
browser created by the
former CEO of Opera Software
and former Opera Software employees
Related topics:
History of the web browser
List of pop-up blocking software
List of web browsers
Timeline of web browsers
References
edit
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. Retrieved
22 April
2026
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9 November
2024
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22 March
2018
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{{
cite web
}}
: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (
link
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{{
cite web
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: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (
link
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