Archaeological Fieldwork in Estonia 2024. Tallinn: Muinsuskaitseamet 2025, 9–44 DOI: 10.15157/ave.vi.26157 Archaeological fieldwork in 2024 Erki Russow1, Ulla Kadakas2, Riina Rammo3 and Arvi Haak1, 4 1 Tallinna Ülikool, arheoloogia teaduskogu (Tallinn University, Archaeological Research Collection), Ankru 4a, 11713 Tallinn, Estonia; [email protected] 2 SA Eesti Ajaloomuuseum (Estonian History Museum Foundation), Pirita tee 56, 12011 Tallinn, Estonia 3 Tartu Ülikool, ajaloo ja arheoloogia instituut, arheoloogia osakond (University of Tartu, Institute of History and Archaeology, Department of Archaeology), Jakobi 2, 51005 Tartu, Estonia 4 Tartu Linnamuuseum (Tartu City Museum), Narva mnt 23, 51009 Tartu, Estonia INTRODUCTION In 2024, a total of 251 instances of archaeological fieldwork took place (Fig. 1; Table 1). 244 permits1 were issued, 206 by the National Heritage Board (MA) and 38 by the Division of Cultural Heritage of the Tallinn City Government (TLPA). In 12 cases (Table 1: 14, 21, 26, 30, 36, 102, 160, 177, 197, 213, 237 and 251), the fieldwork was carried out either with pre-2024 permits, conducted on sites that do not officially require permission from the heritage officials (i.e. places that are not under heritage protection), or were done without authorisation due to critical time constraints (e.g., Table 1: 188). One permit (Table 1: 9) was issued in February 2025, but covered fieldwork conducted in late 2024. Additionally, one permit covered more than one investigated site (Table 1: 108, 111). As of late October 2025, approximately 64% of the submitted reports covered the issued permissions, which is a slight decline from the previous year (Russow et al. 2024, 9). A statistical analysis of work carried out in 2024 shows that the previous year was generally in line with the average Estonian archaeological year. The amount of fieldwork was slightly higher than in 2022 and 2023, but lower than in the ‘peak year’ of 2021, when 277 sites were investigated (Russow et al. 2022). The same applies to the breakdown by selected methods (Fig. 2), with some fluctuations within one or two fieldwork segments. As expected, the majority of permits (155) were issued for archaeological supervision (compared to 165 in 2023), followed by a significantly lower number of permits for preliminary investigations (46), small-scale research activities (20), open-area rescue excavations (16), and landscape surveys (14). The respective numbers for the previous year were 31, 21, 10, and 11 (see Russow et al. 2024, 9). The composition of the fieldwork is consistent with the typical outcome (Fig. 3): most of the earthworks were connected to the development of medieval or later (sub)urban spaces, to early modern period building complexes or burial sites. In rural areas, fieldwork was primarily necessitated by various national or municipal infrastructure projects, with only a few requiring more than a few days’ attention. 1 Of these, seven cases of fieldwork were either cancelled (UT-932, UT-977, UT-1257, UT-1273) or postponed to 2025 (UT-1179, UT-1302, UT-1311) and have thus been removed from Table 1. 10 Erki Russow, Ulla Kadakas, Riina Rammo and Arvi Haak From the perspective of institutions and individuals conducting fieldwork, the changes were minimal. A total of 19 institutions were named in the submitted permissions, ranging from universities (TÜ, TLÜ) and non-profit organisations (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus, MTÜ AEG, MTÜ ÕES and MTÜ Keskvere Kultuurikoda) to museums (MM, SALM and SM) and private enterprises (OÜ Arheograator, OÜ Arheox, OÜ Kunst, OÜ Muinaslabor, OÜ Muinasprojekt, OÜ Nautic Trade, OÜ Tentel Disain, OÜ Tõrvajõe, Tuukritööde OÜ and OÜ Zoroaster). This time, the busiest fieldworkers were Ants Kraut (OÜ Muinasprojekt) with 45 permits, Gurly Vedru (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) with 44 permits, and Rivo Bernotas (OÜ Arheox) with 30 permits. However, the total number of archaeologists in the field is difficult to estimate as teams often include members who play a vital supervisory role on site, but this is not reflected in the official paperwork. Based on the available data, at least 35 archaeologists were active, but this number is likely to be much higher, as it does not include the fieldwork carried out by heritage officials working at the MA (except in Table 1: 251). Thus, it can be said that the given numbers do not reflect dramatic changes within the microcosm in which field archaeologists work in Estonia. However, it should also be acknowledged that external factors, such as the unpredictable turbulence of the political, economic and legislative environments, as well as internal factors like the steadily rising average age of field archaeologists, allow us to presume that the sustainability of the current patterns of archaeological fieldwork will be challenged by various stakeholders within the next decade. The first signs of this are already visible. N 0 50 km Fig. 1. Archaeological fieldwork in 2024. Jn 1. Arheoloogilised välitööd 2024. aastal. Map / Kaart: Ulla Kadakas Archaeological fieldwork in 2024 RESEARCH-RELATED INVESTIGATIONS Since 2021, the number of research-related investigations have reached double digits (Russow et al. 2022, 11). Even though the areas studied and the time dedicated to fieldwork are relatively modest, this is now a new trend. Of these studies, around half are featured in the present volume in the form of an in-depth article. Most of the attention was paid to either the final phase of the Iron Age (i.e. the 11th–12th centuries) or medieval and later times; only a few studies examined earlier time periods. Interestingly, many of these places, which were originally investigated several decades ago, were revisited to gain fresh insights using new methodologies and tools that were previously unavailable. The latter involved the use of ground-penetrating radar at the well-known Koorküla Valgjärv underwater settlement, which is frequently visited by archaeologists (Table 1: 251; Maili Roio, MA). This helped to estimate the dimensions and core area of the prehistoric pile dwellings, which date from the end of the Neolithic period through to the Viking Age. Without any physical intervention, the mapping revealed the extent of the structures and estimated the thickness of the cultural layer, providing valuable information for potential future underwater excavations. For an overview of the fieldwork, see Roio et al. in this volume. On the island of Muhu, at the Mäla Ussimätta stone grave (Table 1: 167; Mairi Kaseorg and Karin Rannaäär, TÜ), a team of early-career archaeologists studied a PreRoman Iron Age tarand, and possibly an even earlier stone-cist grave. This grave had been excavated previously in 1984 and 1985 by Vello Lõugas. This two-day investigation (Fig. 4), initially devised to sieve the earth removed from the excavated site, map the structures using new devices, and refresh the appearance of the stone grave, revealed a few surprises. Firstly, some areas and structures were left unstudied in the 1980s, 11 Survey / Maastikuseire 6% Preliminary / Eeluuring 18% Rescue / Pääste 6% Research / Teadus 8% Supervision / Jälgimine 62% Fig. 2. Cross-section of archaeological fieldwork in 2024. Jn 2. Läbilõige arheoloogilistest välitöödest 2024. aastal. Drawing / Joonis: Erki Russow 4; 1% 10; 4% 10; 4% 6; 2% 45; 18% 7; 3% 41; 16% 21; 8% 112; 44% prehistoric and medieval rural settlements / muinas- ja keskaegsed maa-asulad prehistoric hill forts / muinasaja linnused medieval and early modern buildings of rural areas (castles, churches, chapels, manors) / kesk- ja uusaegsed ehitised (linnused, kirikud, kabelid, mõisad) medieval and early modern towns, fortifications and suburbs / kesk- ja uusaegne linn, linnakindlustused ja eeslinnad cemeteries and burial sites / matmispaigad ancient fields / muistsed põllud wrecks, harbours, underwater settlement site / vrakid, sadamad, asulajäänused vee all others / muu terrestrial and underwater surveys / leire maal ja merel Fig. 3. Types of investigated sites. Jn 3. Uuritud objektide jaotus liigiti. Drawing / Joonis: Ulla Kadakas 12 Erki Russow, Ulla Kadakas, Riina Rammo and Arvi Haak Fig. 4. Mäla stone grave from above. Jn 4. Mäla kivikalme pealtvaates. Photo / Foto: Kristo Oks meaning that not only did the team have to sieve past heaps of earth, but they also had to study intact cultural layers. In light of the discoveries, it appears that the grave site lacks two distinct phases, and both parts date to the Pre-Roman Iron Age. Due to these additional research tasks, the investigations were extended to the next fieldwork season (Kaseorg & Rannaäär 2024). Similar reasons lie behind the revisit to the Ahli stone grave, which was used between the 6th and 13th centuries (Table 1: 123; Heikki Pauts, TLÜ). A major salvage excavation was organised there in 1986 by Mati Mandel. The sieving of the soil removed in 2023 added to the previous collection of artefacts and confirmed that the previously unstudied area had been heavily disturbed by Soviet agricultural activities (Pauts 2024). The main question behind the research project funded by the Ministry of Culture was, what prospects the archaeological monuments – burials, settlements and other landscape features – destroyed by past interventions might have. To find out, principal investigator Tuuli Kurisoo and her team selected different types of sites in various locations (see Table 1: 92, 101, 157, 222; T. Kurisoo, TLÜ; M. Smirnova, TÜ) and employed various methodological approaches. The results suggest that even places that may have been dispersed or annihilated by heavy machinery still have research potential for archaeologists. This is explained in more detail in their paper on the following pages (see Smirnova et al., this volume). Time and again, archaeologists have to focus on burial sites that have been dramatically disturbed by illegal metal detectorists. In 2024, two previously documented sites in southern Estonia were revisited (see Table 1: 230–231, 237; Heiki Valk, TÜ). The outcome of the fieldwork at the Conversion Era (i.e. 13th century) Urvaste Ala-Kõrtsi cemetery will be presented Archaeological fieldwork in 2024 13 in this journal (see Valk et al., this volume). At the late 13th–early 15th-century Loosi burial site, the excavation pit opened in 2023 was finished the following summer. The second season brought an additional eight burials to light, two of which were extraordinarily well furnished (Valk & Blehner 2024). As part of his Esterra research project, Heiki Valk organised several short archaeological interventions at a number of hill forts and strongholds from the Viking Age to the medieval period. The Rosma hill fort (Table 1: 133; H. Valk, TÜ) has been studied for many years. In 2024, excavations were finished on the granary site, investigated in 2022 and 2023. The three trial trenches made in different parts of the courtyard yielded fragments of hand-made pottery only (H. Valk, pers. comm.). Also, the work on the western Estonian hill forts was continued in 2024. This time, two less studied places (Table 1: 124, 127; H. Valk, TÜ), Ridala and Kedre (Leediküla) were at the centre of interest. What was found and how this changes our perceptions, if at all, will be introduced in a paper by H. Valk and Lisanna Lee Leiman (this volume). As the brief visit to the Rannu medieval vassal castle in 2023 was unsuccessful, a new attempt was made in early June 2024 (Table 1: 197; H. Valk, TÜ). This time, the seven sondages brought better results. Next to the early modern period manor structures, a medieval foundation of the castle was also recorded, and what’s more, a layer of the prehistoric settlement, likely from the Viking Age, was discovered (Valk & Raudsepp 2025). However, the study of late prehistoric and medieval fortifications was not reserved only to one researcher; others also had the opportunity to gain insight into Estonia’s most impressive archaeological monuments. In north-eastern Estonia, a team led by Ragnar Saage (TÜ) and Kristo Siig (TLÜ) opened two excavation pits at Purtse Tarakallas to investigate possible housing remains noted during previous years’ ground-penetrating radar and magnetometer investigations (Table 1: 88). Their results are described in detail in a separate paper (see Siig et al., this volume). Research-related investigations into two 12th–14th-century hill forts also resumed on Saaremaa island. At Valjala (Table 1: 178; Marika Mägi, TLÜ/SA Osiliana), which was discussed at length in a previous issue of this journal (Mägi 2024), the new fieldwork season was much smaller in scale than before and thus yielded less new information. At Pöide (Table 1: 176; M. Mägi, TLÜ/SA Osiliana), however, a new 49 m² excavation pit was opened at a location selected based on the results of the 2022 ground-penetrating radar studies (see Mägi et al. 2023). Here, a well and the walls of 13th–14th-century housing were unearthed, confirming the excavation director’s assumption that, contrary to earlier suggestions, the hill fort was in use for a much longer period (M. Mägi, pers. comm.). As the investigations are still ongoing at the time of writing, a comprehensive overview is expected in a future issue of this journal. The multi-year project at the Saastna Late Medieval Chapel site (see previous results in Russow et al. 2023, 13; 2024, 12) also continued in 2024 (Table 1: 153; Anton Pärn, SALM). The main aim was to document the southern and western sides of the chapel’s foundation, establish possible traces of pre-chapel activities (e.g. a prehistoric burial site), and better understand the chapel’s eastern extension. Among other things, the unearthed artefacts provided new and interesting insights into the long-lost interior of the religious building (A. Pärn, pers. comm.). This year also introduced a new type of monument to be investigated archaeologically: a charcoal-burning site in southern Estonia at Kakulaane (Table 1: 233; Table 2: 33; R. Saage, TÜ). While some of the charcoal-burning pits and mounds had been studied by chance a long time ago, this was the first time it was done systematically. As the results prove (see Saage 14 Erki Russow, Ulla Kadakas, Riina Rammo and Arvi Haak et al., this volume), there is a lot of scientific and cultural historical value to preserve and study these sites of industrial activities, which have so far not been taken under heritage protection. During the last decade and a half, a lot of important archaeological landscape surveys and excavations have been organised to study the bunkers of the mid-20th-century resistance movement and civilians hiding from Soviet authorities, popularly referred to as the forest brothers. Generally, these places are in a relatively poor state, having been intentionally demolished by the builders or Soviet power institutions. The Käpa forest brothers’ bunker (Table 1: 102; Mauri Kiudsoo, TLÜ) is an exception here; the reasons for this, as well as the material culture surrounding the men and women who often met tragic fates, will be discussed by the research team in the following pages (see Kiudsoo et al., this volume). RESCUE AND SALVAGE EXCAVATIONS, MONITORING AND PRELIMINARY RESEARCH Archaeology of rural areas In 2024, 89 archaeological surveys were conducted in rural areas and smaller settlements, at a total of 77 monuments or sites. Twenty-nine preliminary surveys, 49 watching briefs and salvage excavations at seven sites were carried out. At four sites, archaeologists were forced to conduct follow-up documentation to determine whether and to what extent an archaeological cultural layer may have existed in the excavated area. The above mentioned sites include four where both a preliminary survey and a follow-up fieldwork based on its results were conducted for the same project. The main reasons for the surveys were the installation of water and sewerage pipes (21) and the construction of large linear structures (light traffic roads, highways, railways) (16). The existence and intensity of archaeological cultural layers were studied for the planning and construction of new buildings (14) and for planning the protection of archaeological sites (9). Quite extensive studies were carried out for the construction of various other structures, drainage systems and greenery (12), and smaller-scale work for the installation of communication and electrical cables (10). Six studies were conducted in connection with the conservation of architectural monuments, and one beacuse of the expansion of a mining area. Archaeological material – finds, layers and/or structures – was successfully documented in half of the studies. At the same time, it should be noted that the vast majority of the survey areas were located in peripheral areas of the monuments or in the buffer zone of the monuments, where there may be sporadic deposits of information-rich cultural layers, but generally not. In several cases, archaeologists specified and proposed more precise borders of the area of protected sites based on their research results. Prehistoric or historical settlement sites and a hill fort In Harju County, the most successful surveys were conducted near Lake Kahala in the Kuusalu rural municipality. Katrin Treuman investigated the new residential plots planned for the Alahaki property in the periphery of a protected settlement site (Table 1: 55; K. Treuman, OÜ Tentel Disain) and concluded (Treuman 2024) that hobbyists had probably collected all the possible indicative finds in the area bordering the protected area over the years, making it difficult to detect any cultural layer patches by means of conventional preliminary survey methods (detector monitoring, small pits). Gurly Vedru conducted both preliminary research and archaeological monitoring of excavation work (Table 1: 56–57; G. Vedru, MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) on the nearby Kalamäe farm in connection with the construction of a new access road. The area studied displayed black soil containing Viking Age and later Archaeological fieldwork in 2024 15 pottery and animal bones, but no remains of structures. It was more likely a marginal area of a settlement (Vedru 2024a). In Mäetaguse, Ida-Viru County, next to the early modern manor house (Table 1: 86; Sven Udam, Villu Kadakas, OÜ Zoroaster), Villu Kadakas observed an up to 0.5 m thick cultural layer containing fragments of pottery and clay daub, characteristic of Iron Age settlements, that during preliminary research was under construction and demolition debris of the manor house. The cultural layer can be linked to the village of Mäetaguse, part of which was located on the site of the manor and has been mentioned in the Danish Census Book in the 13th century (Kadakas & Udam 2024). In Lustivere, Jõgeva County, the village community undertook expanding an existing sports field. Unauthorised excavation work had stripped away the cultural layer from a 44 × 26 metre area of the listed settlement (Fig. 5). The MA stopped the work and prescribed follow-up investigation (Table 1: 93–94; Ants Kraut, OÜ Muinasprojekt). The displaced soil was examined both visually and with a metal detector. The stripped area was cleaned, and 15 man-made pits, some with and some without stones, preserved in situ were excavated, covering a total area of approximately 35 m2. The investigations yielded 465 finds, including 330 pottery sherds and 128 metal artefacts, as well as a small number of animal bones. The artefacts date from the 10th to 14th centuries AD (Kraut & Tvauri 2024, 55). In Kutsala, Lääne-Viru County, near a cup-marked stone and ancient fields, A. Kraut (OÜ Muinasprojekt) identified a cultural layer of a settlement site during a preliminary survey preceding the construction of a light traffic road (A. Kraut, pers. comm.). He dated the cultural layer to the late prehistoric period (Table 1: 108). During archaeological monitoring Fig. 5. The opened settlement site area (left) and the removed cultural layer (right) at Lustivere. Jn 5. Lustivere lõhutud asulakoht (vasakul) ning teisaldatud kultuurkiht (paremal). Photo / Foto: Reet Maldre 16 Erki Russow, Ulla Kadakas, Riina Rammo and Arvi Haak of the construction of the Viru-Nigula light traffic road (Table 1: 111) on the buffer zone of the protected settlement, some sherds of hand-made (prehistoric) pottery were found (Kraut 2024a), and the monitoring of the installation of a water pipeline in the vicinity (Table 1: 110) brought to light remains of a hearth containing charcoal, burnt clay and clay daub fragments, but no datable finds were obtained (Kraut 2024b). The rescue excavations of Stone Age settlements in Sindi-Lodja in Pärnu County and Naakamäe in Saare County are summarised in this volume (Table 1: 150–151 and 175; Aivar Kriiska, OÜ Arheograator). It is unfortunate that in both places, archaeologists had to document the destroyed cultural layer and sift through piles of excavated soil to find artefacts. Nowadays, when all the necessary data is available online to project planners, such destruction of monuments should not take place anymore (see also Russow et al. 2024, 15). In Tabivere, Tartu County (Table 1: 202; A. Kraut, OÜ Muinasprojekt), archaeologists had to re-examine a pit of a building that had been excavated without authorisation. There, they documented about twenty dark patches of soil of various sizes, some of which contained burnt stones. These may have been the remains of hearths, but no definite buildings or hearth structures were found. During the investigations, only five archaeological finds could be collected – three pottery sherds from the Early Iron Age, a fragment of a bronze bracelet from the same period, and a fragment of a whetstone. The investigations continued in 2025 (A. Kraut, pers. comm.). The results of the survey of a parking lot and a bus shelter near the churchyard in Nõo, Tartu County (Table 1: 200; Mihkel Tammet, OÜ Muinasprojekt), are described in this collection by Mihkel Tammet and Andres Tvauri. In connection with the potential expansion of the mining area in Kambja parish, a preliminary archaeological survey was conducted on the Köstrimäe hill fort in Pühiküla at the request of the MA. The results of the survey can be read in more detail in this volume by H. Valk and Andres Vindi (Table 1: 198). During excavation work carried out for the construction of a water pipeline (Table 1: 221; G. Vedru, MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) on the Enno property in Venevere village, Viljandi County, on the banks of the Navesti River, Gurly Vedru noticed that there was a cultural layer in the settlement’s buffer zone containing finds from the Stone Age as well as the Middle Ages and the Modern Era (Vedru 2024b). Preliminary surveys conducted in Aindu village for the establishment of an orchard and the digging of holes for trees (Table 1: 223–224; H. Valk, TÜ) specified the extent of the cultural layer of the archaeological settlement. The surveys collected over 400 finds from the Late Iron Age, Middle Ages and Modern Period, and remains of at least one stove were identified. Considering the fact that the soil in this area has been covered with eroded soil, the foundations of buildings, post holes, and household waste pits may be preserved below the plough depth (Valk 2024a; 2024b). Finally, the house remains discovered at the finds spot of the Rahu hoard on Saaremaa island (Table 1: 177) are described in the contribution by the investigator, Marika Mägi (Mägi & Leimus, this volume). Medieval and Early Modern Age buildings On September 19, as part of European Heritage Days, G. Vedru and V. Kadakas searched for a cemetery (Table 1: 58) at Kolga Manor in Harju County. The study was based on a previous ground-penetrating radar survey and commissioned by the local community. A 1 m2 pit was dug in the front lawn of the Early Modern Period manor house, but no human bones were found. Instead, a courtyard area between the former buildings of a medieval monastic grange (Kadakas & Russow 2017) could be studied. A large number of 16th-century glazed stove tiles were found in the half-metre-thick cultural layer. These originate from the buildings of the Archaeological fieldwork in 2024 17 grange, which were used as dwellings by the new owners of the manor in the 16th and 17th centuries after the Reformation, but before demolition (V. Kadakas, pers. comm.). In the park of Kiviloo Manor (Table 1: 61; G. Vedru, MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus), where the ruins of a medieval castle also stand, the corner of a limestone building was found in a ditch dug for heating pipes. The remains are not related to either the castle or the manor. Unfortunately, no datable finds were found in the layers associated with the structure (G. Vedru, pers. comm.). In Jõgeva County, archaeologists conducted research in the courtyard of Põltsamaa Castle in preparation for the exhibition of a historical well (Table 1: 97; A. Kraut, OÜ Muinasprojekt). The well (Fig. 6) is covered with a vault, its internal diameter is 3 m, and the measured depth is 5.5 m. No archaeological finds were recovered during the cleaning of the well (A. Kraut, pers. comm.). In Angerja, Rapla County, an archaeological survey that began in the autumn of 2023, continued before conservation of the walls (Table 1: 160; M. Tammet, V. Kadakas, MTÜ Keskvere Kultuurikoda). The medieval manor house of Angerja consisted of a rectangular building without an inner courtyard (approx. 13.7 × 26.3 m), surrounded by a shallow moat. At the end of the Middle Ages, a 6 × 10.5 m room was added to the eastern end of the two-room building, which had probably been built in the 15th century. In this room, during the removal of the rubble, fragments of interior details characteristic of a living room were uncovered: a window niche, a fireplace, cupboard or shelf niches, a doorway with a limestone portal, and a staircase leading to the basement. In the corner of the room, the rubble of a tiled stove, probably Fig. 6. The inner courtyard of the Põltsamaa Castle with the studied well. Jn 6. Põltsamaa linnuse hooviala ühes uuritud kaevuga. Photo / Foto: Ants Kraut 18 Erki Russow, Ulla Kadakas, Riina Rammo and Arvi Haak from the 17th century, was uncovered (Fig. 7), indicating that the medieval room’s heating system was renovated during the Swedish period (V. Kadakas, pers. comm.). During the reconstruction of the drainage system of the church foundation in Paistu (Table 1: 227; M. Tammet, MTÜ Keskvere Kultuurikoda) in Viljandi County, archaeologists documented the remains of what is believed to be the foundation of a church bell tower. At Tarvastu Castle (Table 1: 229; M. Tammet, OÜ Kunst), conservation work on the gate passage continued, and a stone cellar, built with clay mortar, was excavated, the construction of which had destroyed the castle’s original layers. However, the original layers are likely to have survived deeper from the level of conservation works (M. Tammet, Fig. 7. Ruins of the medieval manor house of Angerja, pers. comm.). south-eastern corner after excavation. Remains of During the reconstruction of water and a portal and stairs to the basement (left) and a wall niche with a segment arch (right). sewerage pipelines in the area of the Antsla Jn 7. Angerja keskaegse mõisahoone varemed, kagunurk vassal castle site in the courtyard of the later pärast väljakaevamist. Portaali ja keldritrepi jäänumanor (Table 1: 232; A. Kraut, OÜ Muinas­ sed (vasakul) ja segmentkaarega seinanišš (paremal). projekt) in Võru County, no structures or Photo / Foto: Villu Kadakas layers were found that could be definitively linked to the castle. At the same time, the wall structure excavated in the northwestern corner of the study area, which extended beyond the terrace built in the 18th–19th-century manor park, may be associated with the castle (A. Kraut, pers. comm.). Burial sites During archaeological monitoring carried out in the village of Tuhala in Harju County at the time of the installation of electrical cables and rainwater drainage pipes (Table 1: 53–54) through a supposed burial area believed to date from the Early Iron Age, a cultural layer characteristic of a stone grave was identified. No datable artefacts were obtained in addition to the finds discovered in 2015 and 2016 by hobbyists (M. Tammet, pers. comm.). During preliminary investigations carried out before the installation of water and sewage pipes in the Nissi churchyard (Table 1: 68–69; G. Vedru, MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus), eight pits were excavated, seven of which contained mixed human bones. The layer containing bones began at a depth of 50–75 cm, but no in situ burials were found at a depth of up to 1.2 m, i.e. the planned bottom of the excavation (G. Vedru, pers. comm.). In the village of Esiküla on the former Kassari island, which has now become part of Hiiumaa, the extent of a cemetery placed under temporary protection was determined at the request of the MA (Table 1: 70; M. Tammet, OÜ Muinasprojekt). The fieldwork identified the existence of a cemetery covering an area of 20 × 20 m. Although no definitive dating evidence other than human bones was found, the cemetery may date back to the 16th–18th centuries. Previous earthwork in the area have severely damaged the burial site (Tammet 2025). Archaeological fieldwork in 2024 19 More detailed information about the cemetery excavation in Kuremäe, Ida-Viru County (Table 1: 84–85; Martin Malve, OÜ Arheograator) can be found in this collection by the team led by M. Malve. Forty-eight bones and bone fragments were collected during the installation of a communication cable in Mustmätta village (Table 1: 87; A. Kraut, OÜ Muinas­projekt). Most of the bones (40) belong to a single skeleton cut by a ditch. According to osteologist Liina Maldre, these are the remains of an adult woman. Three infant bones were also collected from the same site. Further away from these burials, another collection of human bones from at least two individuals was found (A. Kraut, pers. comm.). During small-scale excavation work related to ground-level planning in the churchyard of Haljala Church in Lääne-Viru County (Table 1: 105; Tõnno Jonuks, OÜ Muinaslabor), a fragment of a cross-shaped decorative pin from the Late Iron Age was found, among other things. Finds related to a burial site from the end of the prehistoric period have been found in the same location before (Jonuks 2024; see also Kadakas 2017). No bones or finds related to burials were found during the construction of an auxiliary building in the Selja village cemetery in Pärnu County (Table 1: 158; A. Kraut, OÜ Muinas­ projekt), but excavation work did not reach the expected burial depth. However, a bronze ring was found, which, according to Ülle Tamla, was made from a piece of a bracelet dating from the 15th–16th century (Kraut 2024c). In Kobratu, where there are plans to expand the quarry, no burial structures or cultural layers dating from the Roman Iron Age were found in the buffer zone of the stone grave (Table 1: 201; T. Jonuks, OÜ Muinaslabor). However, finds originating from the stone grave were collected from soil piles of earlier archaeological excavations of 1935 and 1937 (Jonuks & Malve 2024). Ancient fields Three studies were conducted in two different locations (Table 1: 47–49; G. Vedru, MTÜ Arheo­ loogiakeskus) on the ancient Bronze Age fields of Liivamäe in Harju County. On the Tormi Rd 15 property, a section of the field border was examined in the area covered by the new road. The three-metre-wide field baulk, consisting of four layers of stones, rose to 15 cm above the surrounding ground. A small amount of charcoal was found under the baulk (Vedru 2024c). On the Uue-Suurekivi Rd 5 and Tormi Rd 9 properties, soil had been spread over the field boundaries without notifying the MA. Follow-up investigations revealed that the field baulks on both properties had been damaged but were still largely intact (Vedru 2025). In Sikeldi and Röa (Table 1: 163, 166; G. Vedru, MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) in Rapla County, the investigation of monuments located along the route of the Rail Baltic railway project continued (Lang et al. 2016). In both locations, clearance heaps and baulks discovered during preliminary studies (Tvauri et al. 2015) were excavated. According to Gurly Vedru, both sites are from the historical, probably the Modern period. It was only possible to collect charcoal from one heap (Vedru 2024d; G. Vedru, pers. comm.). Archaeological heritage assessment on construction sites In Tirbiku village, Lääne-Viru County, Ants Kraut conducted a preliminary survey in connection with the establishment of a wind farm in an archaeologically sensitive area marked in the municipality’s comprehensive plan (see Kadakas et al. 2025 for archaeological heritage forecasts). Surface observations and detector surveys were carried out, and 11 test pits were dug. The finds collected earlier (2019–2020) and those from the 2024 fieldwork mainly date 20 Erki Russow, Ulla Kadakas, Riina Rammo and Arvi Haak from the Early Modern Period (17th–18th centuries), but some from the Middle Ages (13th– 16th centuries). The finds include a rumbler bell, a fragment of a sheet pendant, and a sherd of simple wheel-thrown pottery. The finds were scattered, so they may be objects lost during walking on the road or in the field (A. Kraut, pers. comm.). During the planning phase of a new 16.5 km long road section between Päädeva and Konuvere, on the Tallinn–Pärnu road in Rapla County, a remote sensing survey conducted in 2022 marked 17 areas where additional fieldwork had to be carried out prior to design. This was carried out in 2024 by Gurly Vedru, who identified elements of different types of cultural layers in seven areas (Vedru 2024e). Archaeology of urban areas Statistically, 2024 was a good year for urban archaeology. Almost 25% more sites were investigated than in the previous year, and the studied places were distributed fairly evenly across Estonia. Almost a dozen medieval and early modern towns and urban settlements saw different kinds of archaeological activity. As expected, the greatest amount of fieldwork took place in Tallinn (44 sites), followed by Tartu (18 sites) and Pärnu (16 sites), 13 of which were in the territory of the Hanseatic town of New Pärnu, two were across the river in Old Pärnu, and one was in the Sauga settlement. Encouragingly, a significant amount of research was conducted in smaller urban centres, including Viljandi (13 permits), Haapsalu (11), Narva (9), Kuressaare (6) and elsewhere (Lihula, Valga, Paide and Rakvere), with between three and one study organised. However, when looking beyond the numbers, it must be admitted that the archaeological study of urban spaces is usually limited to brief supervision of trench works, which produce only a small amount of new and valuable information. On the other hand, there were some excellent discoveries and unexpected finds, as almost every year. From the smaller urban centres, perhaps the most interesting results were offered by the easternmost medieval town in Estonia, Narva. Here, the various fieldwork helped to gain new insights into the topic that has not been thoroughly handled for almost a century: the characterisation of the medieval town wall. Now new supervision at Viru St. 3 (Table 1: 79; S. Udam, I. Davõdov, OÜ Tõrvajõe), as well as in the neighbourhood, brought into the daylight some segments of the foundation of the town wall. These material remains finally offer proof that the Early Modern Period written and visual sources were in fact correct, and the earlier researchers have too lightly dismissed the available measurements (for the first general overview on the late medieval town wall in Narva, see the paper by Ilja Davõdov in the present volume). But new important data was also received by the continued research on the Russian structures of the Narva siege, constructed in the autumn of 1700. After discovering these elements on the landscape (for a detailed description, see Davõdov & Malve 2023), the sections of the Russian defences around their encampment and some of the tents were studied in November 2024 (Table 1: 77; S. Udam, I. Davõdov, OÜ Tõrvajõe) to find out their preservation state. It turned out that, for example, the remains of the encampment are in fact relatively intact just below the present-day surface, and both the size and the partition of these tents are reconstructable (Davõdov 2025). The new findings add extra weight to the argument that it is important to schedule these material remains of the historically and internationally well-known siege and battle of Narva as a national monument. Finally, the salvage excavation of the Early Modern Period suburban cemetery of St Michael (Table 1: 74; M. Malve, M. Reppo, OÜ Arheograator) adds new data on the post-medieval population of Narva. Despite the extraordinarily complicated working conditions, the fieldwork Archaeological fieldwork in 2024 21 succeeded in uncovering more than 50 burials that, next to the osteological information, also help to specify the extent of the 17th–18th-century churchyard (Malve & Reppo 2024a). Less successful were the archaeological interventions elsewhere in the Estonian small towns and urban centres. The work done in Paide, Pärnu, Haapsalu, Valga and Kuressaare, for example, usually resulted in either the statement that the earlier cultural deposits have been disturbed during the previous episodes of the building activities or trench works or happened to take place on the peripheral areas of the urban space, hence producing a marginal amount of new data. On some occasions, like in Haapsalu (Table 1: 119; M. Tammet, MTÜ Keskvere Kultuurikoda), the preliminary investigation established 17th-century cultural layers that were associated with the early modern harbour structures (Tammet & Russow 2024). In Lihula, on the other hand, the watching brief at the Linnuse Rd 1 close to the 19th-century auxiliary building (Table 1: 154; M. Tammet, MTÜ Keskvere Kultuurikoda), unearthed a medieval well that offers new data on the water management of the limestone hillock during the 13th–17th centuries, e.g. when the area was part of the broader fortification system (Tammet et al. 2025). From Kuressaare, a curious case of contemporary archaeology is interesting: otherwise a generally disappointing watching brief at Lossi St. 7 courtyard and Raua street (Table 1: 173; Garel Püüa, SM) unveiled an unexpected assemblage of late Soviet period car licence plates (Fig. 8), apparently cut and discarded in the fill of the heating pipe trench connected to the former building of Soviet authorities and later on, Estonian police station. According to the archaeologist (Püüa 2024, 15), this is likely a collection of plates that were either confiscated by the Soviet authorities or thrown away by the Estonian police after Fig. 8. A trash deposit of Soviet period licence plates of vehicles, thrown away in Kuressaare. Jn 8. Kogum nõukogudeaegsete sõidukite ära visatud numbrimärke Kuressaares. Photo / Foto: Garel Püüa 22 Erki Russow, Ulla Kadakas, Riina Rammo and Arvi Haak the re-establishment of the Estonian Republic. In spite of a significant number of instances of archaeological monitoring in Viljandi, in most cases, nothing significant was reported. The only exception, the installation of electricity cables at Lossi street (Table 1: 214) revealed the medieval town wall, the western wall of the Tartu Gate, as well as the foregate constructions (Kraut 2025), which were first documented during the investigations of 1992 (Valk 1994). Further to the north, patches of suburban deposits were also unearthed. Next to Lossi St. 31, deposits at the same depth were previously dated from the 14th to mid-16th century (Haak & Valk 2002, 95). However, the unexpected discovery of a cemetery in the Järveotsa district resulted in rescue excavations (Table 1: 219), directed by M. Malve (OÜ Arheograator). Of the 35 unearthed skeletons, 23 belonged to non-adults, with females dominant among the adult burials. A few Russian kopecks from the 1930s and German pennies from the 1940s were also unearthed with the burials, as well as Orthodox crosses, mirror fragments, etc. The pathologies, including numerous lost teeth, refer to appalling living conditions. Most likely, the burials were evacuees from the Russian territory during the German occupation (1941–44) who were kept in custody in the camp located in that particular area (Malve 2024). The investigation results initiated a discussion about further investigations at the site, that were carried out in 2025. The number of archaeological investigations in Tartu (18) was slightly larger than in the previous years. Of these, one took place at the Toome hill, in the territory of the prince-bishop’s castle, eight in the medieval Hanseatic town and nine in suburban areas. On Toome hill, the team directed by Aivar Kriiska (OÜ Arheograator) investigated the area (Table 1: 192) where an electricity cable was installed just next to the heating pipeline, the area which was studied by the same team a year before (Russow et al. 2024, 20). During this year, the focus of the research was on the deposits of the Final Iron Age and the beginning of the medieval period in Estonia, i.e. the 13th century (A. Kriiska, pers. comm.). Within the medieval town, most of the investigations were connected to the renewal or construction of pipelines, electricity cables, etc., or preliminary studies on planned construction sites. The only larger area under investigation was located north of the current University of Tartu main building (Table 1: 196), preceded by the parish church of St Mary until the 18th century. The results of the investigations, including the interpretation of the unearthed building remains, are summarised in the article by the researchers (Kask et al., this volume). Another religious institution, namely the Cistercian Nunnery of St Catherine, has so far been located only approximately (see Alttoa 2008, 296–302). This year, the monitoring in this area (Table 1: 180; R. Bernotas, OÜ Arheox) revealed two brick walls, presumably of the same building, which the investigators interpret as belonging to the monastic complex. Of the two preliminary investigations, that at Lai St. 34/36 (Table 1: 185) was remarkable as it revealed a probable in situ burial which the investigators hypothesised may have been connected to the Orthodox St George’s cemetery, medieval brick walls and a mould for stove tiles from probable 17th-century fill (Bernotas & Randoja 2024a). At Magasini St. 10 (Table 1: 189), the presumed location or surroundings of the medieval Orthodox church of St Nicholas, several medieval and early modern wall remains, as well as two in situ skeletons, a lot of disturbed human bones, and a medieval wooden cesspit could be located during preliminary studies (Bernotas & Liivak 2024). Based on these results, a full-scale excavation followed in 2025, hopefully to be reported in our next volume. A few investigations also took place in the suburban areas. Preliminary investigations took place at the site of the largest construction of the next years, a planned cultural centre ‘Siuru’, Archaeological fieldwork in 2024 23 located in the Riga suburb, in an area where housing was destroyed in WWII and which has since been a park area. Preliminary investigation (Table 1: 194) directed by R. Bernotas (OÜ Arheox) revealed that man-made deposits reach up to 5.1 metres from the current ground level, and up to 2.65 metres need to be investigated archaeologically. The earliest deposits appeared to be medieval, although the preliminary investigations did not exclude the existence of even some earlier artefacts (Randoja & Bernotas 2024a). Even further from the town centre, on a natural hill called Lillemägi, a 18th-century Orthodox cemetery was investigated in 1987 and 1991 (e.g. Kalling 1991). The preliminary studies (Table 1: 187; T. Jonuks & M. Malve, OÜ Muinaslabor) unearthed burials in the area chosen for a new building, and showed that the construction plans can go forward only after full-scale excavations (Malve & Jonuks 2024). Another preliminary investigation (Table 1: 182; M. Malve, OÜ Arheograator) took place north of the medieval and early modern town, in the vicinity of the burial place from the siege of Tartu in 1704 (see Malve et al. 2022). In the area, unarticulated human remains were unearthed, which may be an indication of another grave in or near the planned development area, but the documented deposits appeared to be fill layers on a marshy meadow (Malve & Reppo 2024b). Despite the greatest number of fieldwork in Tallinn (44), not much can be reported as the lion’s share of the studies were done in places where the original deposits were destroyed or disturbed during previous earthworks. Thus, on the upper town, at Toompea, by and large the only in situ structure unearthed was a late 19th – early 20th century cesspit at ToomKooli 4 (Table 1: 39; Keiti Randoja, Rünno Läänemägi, OÜ Arheox). The same applies by and large also for the area of the Hanseatic town – from around ten cases of archaeological interventions, the majority were connected to light trenchworks on the streets or public space, and only in a few cases some elements of the past townscape were possible to document, like at the centre of the town, on the medieval town hall square (Table 1: 29; R. Bernotas, R. Läänemägi, OÜ Arheox), where the 13th–14th century deposits, a 14th-century pavement with an unidentified structure as well as a foundation of a late medieval doorside stone or a straircase were found (Läänemägi et al. 2024a). However, the most interesting results were offered by preliminary research at Vene St. 13 (Table 1: 42; K. Randoja, R. Bernotas, OÜ Arheox), where five research pits dug to the courtyard and to the basement revealed 13th–14th century garden soil, a foundation fragment of an early 14th century stone building and a contemporary yard surface, providing enough material evidence for future full-scale archaeological excavation (Randoja & Bernotas 2024b). Also, the research on the suburban space was not as fruitful as during the last few years. Whereas the past years have offered many large-scale open area excavations, in 2024, the studies (altogether 25 cases) were limited to smaller investigations, although some of these were spread over a longer time period, like the salvage excavations of the late medieval and early modern St Barbara cemetery (Table 1: 11–12, 33, 41; R. Bernotas, M.-B. Tomson, OÜ Arheox) and an early modern burial ground at the crossing of J. Kunderi and Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi streets (Table 1: 16–17; M. Malve, MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus), both represented in the following pages with a dedicated paper (see Malve et al. and Tomson, this volume). Of the other supervision and preliminary works, only a few stood out. At Suur-Ameerika St. 3 // 4 (Table 1: 35; K. Randoja, OÜ Arheox), the watching brief of the pipelines helped to discover a likely early modern period pond, some thin traces of a late medieval, or more likely, post-medieval habitation layers, and last but not least, also faint proof of Bronze Age activities in the form of a tiny pottery sherd and landscape analysis (Läänemägi et al. 2024b). Preliminary research at 24 Erki Russow, Ulla Kadakas, Riina Rammo and Arvi Haak Lembitu St. 4 (Table 1: 22; K. Randoja, OÜ Arheox), on the other hand, produced evidence on the early modern agricultural activities, some 17th-century yard surface and also a handful of finds from the same period (Randoja & Bernotas 2024c). More exciting information was collected from the Estonia Ave. 5 site (Table 1: 6; K. Randoja, OÜ Arheox), where a probable medieval suburban cultural layer was documented during the preliminary investigations, as well as a promising rich deposit of 16th–17th century finds below the 17th-century paved surface (Randoja & Bernotas 2024d). Finally, preliminary research on Pärnu Rd 11 (Table 1: 27; R. Bernotas, OÜ Arheox) helped to collect additional data on the 17th-century bastion elements (moat, fill of the bastion) as well as to specify the location of the pre-fortification era habitation layers (Bernotas & Randoja 2024b). In addition, there was also a noteworthy archaeological ‘occurrence’ outside the usual historical urban space, at Angervaksa street (Table 1: 4; R. Bernotas, OÜ Arheox), where a small collection of commingled human bones was discovered during the earthworks. As there are no known burial grounds or cemeteries in the vicinity, nor other historically documented cases available for the public, such as military conflicts, these loose human remains were most likely transported to this location from a former cemetery inside or close to the Tallinn Old Town (Läänemägi & Randoja 2024). LANDSCAPE SURVEYS The following sections focus on landscape surveys, accompanied by a table listing the newly discovered sites (Table 2). In 2024, the MA issued five licences for landscape surveys – including fieldwalking and the use of search devices (Table 1: 238–242). The overall trends remain largely consistent with previous years (e.g., Russow et al. 2023; 2024), with several district-specific (e.g., Osiliana in Saaremaa) and thematic projects (e.g., Esterra) continuing on the same basis. Established in 2020, Osiliana has consistently conducted archaeological research across Saaremaa under the leadership of Marika Mägi. In 2024, landscape surveys targeted both sites known from local folklore and locations identified by hobbyist searchers. Investigations included, for example, the natural holy site known as ‘Hiietantsijate koht’ in the present-day Metsaääre village (Mägi 2025a). Mägi suggests that the currently protected area (no. 12468) may be inaccurately designated, and that the stone circle described in archival sources is located somewhat to the northwest. The dispersed stone circle resembles a similar structure investigated in 2024 at Kingli, in present-day Audla village (Russow et al. 2024, 23). The surveyed area also contains stone cairns, field plot boundaries, and possibly burial structures (ibid.). Several potential burial sites were examined. At the ‘Grave of Suur Tõll’ in Hirmuste village, no burial evidence was found, but a medieval brooch, likely associated with a historical road, was recovered nearby (Table 2: 17). Another site in the same village, known as the ‘Field of Three Spruces’, may represent a disturbed burial ground, as jewellery has previously been discovered there (Mägi 2025b). In 2024, a pendant dated to the medieval or early modern period was also found at the site (Table 2: 18). A third location, the previously known Upa Kalmumägi, may originally have been a typical 10th–13th century stone cairn cremation burial site, but has now been almost entirely destroyed by gravel extraction (Mägi 2025c). Research also continued in and around Salme village, where investigations began in 2022, aiming to clarify the location of a possible harbour site and its surrounding settlement (Mägi 2025d). In 2024, surveys focused more intensively on the area around Lassi village, where several medieval and early modern finds were collected. For instance, two 14th–15th century Archaeological fieldwork in 2024 25 brooches were discovered in collaboration with detectorists in the ‘Linnama’ field of Lassi village (Table 2: 19) while searching for a possible harbour site (ibid.). Southwest of Lassi, near the coast, detectorist Andrus Raun had previously identified the settlement unit known as Pilli, which appears on late 17th-century maps. Finds from this area included early modern coins, some finger-rings and bells (ibid.). The Esterra project (‘Estonia in 1100–1400: Native Society, Traditions and Culture in the Time of Changes’, PRG1931), led by Heiki Valk (TÜ), continued fieldwork initiated in 2024 in south Estonia (Russow et al. 2024, 23). The focus was on the historical Võrumaa (Urvaste, Põlva, Kanepi, and Karula parishes) and Tartumaa (Nõo, Rannu, Sangaste, Kambja, and Võnnu parishes) Counties. The primary aim was to refine the understanding of settlement patterns by identifying new settlement sites and clarifying the dating of previously known ones, particularly near central places such as hill forts and churches (e.g., Tvauri 2024a; 2024b; Valk 2024c; Raudsepp 2024; 2025). Another objective was to gather data on Late Iron Age cremation cemeteries. Landscape surveys were conducted by staff and students from the University of Tartu. Pikne Kama (TÜ) focused on potential burial sites. Based on archival records, he located the Viirapalu Pööni cemetery in historical Rõuge parish (Table 2: 34), where human bones were discovered (Kama 2024). Burnt human bones found in the villages of Ahero and Kirbu (Table 2: 23, 26 respectively) indicate previously unknown burial sites (Kama 2024; 2025). The burial site in Kirbu is called Saviku Church in folklore; the church motif is often associated with tarand-graves, although the site does not confirm this suggestion in the present state (Kama 2025). A burial site was also initially speculated at the Ala-Ahero find spot (Table 2: 24), where a fragment of a human bone was found; however, this is likely a site of stray finds rather than a burial ground (Kama 2024). Fieldwalking and pottery gathering within the Esterra project led to the discovery of ten new settlement sites (Table 2: 3–5, 7–11, 22, 32), eight of which are located in present-day Põlva County. Most of these sites date to the historical period, with long-term settlement continuity, although some extend back to prehistoric times. From seven previously unknown find spots, only a few pottery sherds were recovered, and they are initially listed as stray finds in Table 2 (6, 12, 21, 25, 28, 31, 35). However, several may prove to be settlement sites if checked again under favourable conditions for fieldwalking (e.g., cultivated land). In addition to new locations, the dating of several previously known archaeological sites was refined through the collection of additional finds (e.g., Tvauri 2024a; 2024b; Raudsepp 2025). Beyond the Esterra project, a number other research trips were undertaken in south Estonia, driven by personal interest or information received by archaeologists. Mait Raudsepp, an MA student of archaeology, and technician Andres Vindi (both TÜ) identified a new, likely Viking Age hill fort in Kuigatsi (Table 2: 27), located approximately 0.5 km from the Kuigatsi (Puka) hill fort under state protection (no. 13116; Vindi & Raudsepp 2024). In Soontaga village, they collected Stone Age and Iron Age settlement-related finds from two former river islands on the banks of the Väike-Emajõgi River (Table 2: 29, 30). Vindi has already focused on former lake and river islands in Tartu and Valga Counties for several years (e.g., Ots & Rammo 2013, 299; Russow et al. 2023, 25). Together with Silver Jäger, Vindi investigated a probable inn site at Metsakuru in present-day Palumäe village (Table 2: 20), where fragments of bracelets from the Final Iron Age and an Early Modern Period buckle were discovered, currently classified as stray finds. 26 Erki Russow, Ulla Kadakas, Riina Rammo and Arvi Haak Some research was conducted in Jõgeva County. University of Tartu doctoral student Raivo Suni investigated the extent of Mõhküla (Jõgeva County) as the presumed centre of the ancient Mõhu district (Suni 2024). He collected additional pottery from the known settlement site at Mõhküla and identified new find spots of ceramics and slag in the surrounding area (Table 2: 1, 2). As part of its routine activities, the MA conducted several research visits to find spots discovered by hobby searchers. For instance, during a fieldwork day organised by the Department of Archaeological Heritage, a site in Laiusevälja village (Jõgeva County) was visited, where numerous finds have been collected on several occasions (e.g., Jegorov 2021; Roio 2022). Particular interest was directed towards verifying a presumed Roman Iron Age cremation burial site and identifying a Stone Age settlement location (Lutter et al. 2024). While further evidence of the burial site was confirmed, the cultural layer of the Stone Age settlement remained undetected during this investigation. In Pärnu County, Martin Malve and Kristo Oks (both TÜ) visited Vändra to investigate a find spot of human bones and identified a forgotten medieval and early modern cemetery, likely once situated adjacent to a chapel or church; the site is marked on a 17th-century map (Malve & Oks 2024). Finds included early modern coins and simple ornaments such as brooches typical to the cemeteries of this period. In the Lavassaare area (Pärnu County), Ott Kippar (BA student, TÜ) collected information on the history of Estonian bog archaeology. He located a settlement site (Table 2: 14). In 2024, fieldwork related to the Rail Baltic corridor continued once again over years (e.g., Kriiska et al. 2021). Mihkel Tammet (OÜ Muinas­projekt) and his team investigated several locations along the Uulu–Häädemeeste route section in Pärnumaa, aiming to identify areas requiring further archaeological examination (Tammet et al. 2024). During the surveys, two potential settlement sites were identified (Table 2: 13, 15), the precise nature of which will only become clear through more extensive field investigations. Additionally, other features of interest were mapped, including a field of clearance cairns, which date back at least to the 19th century (ibid.). Mauri Kiudsoo and Ülle Tamla (both TLÜ), in cooperation with a local history enthusiast, located a settlement site in Rassiotsa (Rapla County). Various pottery fragments indicate long-term settlement there (Table 2: 16). Ragnar Saage (TÜ) and K. Oks conducted investigations at four previously little-studied slag find spots and two iron smelting sites as part of a project funded by the Ministry of Education and Research, ‘Fundamental Research for Iron Provenancing in Estonia’. The aim was to clarify the function and dating of these locations based on the collected material, and they introduce their results in an article (Saage & Oks, this volume). In Ida-Viru County, Ulla Kadakas (AM), Tuuli Kurisoo (TLÜ) and Greta-Krislin Lutter (MA) visited a site previously discovered by hobbyists, in order to assess its potential for further research. The joint event between hobby searchers and MA aimed at locating the site of the Battle of St Matthew’s Day in the Vanamõisa area (Viljandi County) was held for the seventh consecutive year in mid-September (see Konsa et al., this volume). Inventories of natural sacred sites commissioned by the MA, with financial support from the Environmental Investment Centre, continued in 2024 in the historical Urvaste parish (present-day Võru County) (Remmel 2024). CONCLUSIONS In all, among the 251 cases of fieldwork all over Estonia, the archaeological year of 2024 offered a few surprising results here and there. No dramatic highs or lows were recorded; thus, the past year can be regarded as ordinary, indicating the good health of the discipline, at Archaeological fieldwork in 2024 27 least from the perspective of the number of investigated sites. As the editors of the present journal, we are happy to see so many contributions submitted with short notice, covering the full length of Estonian (pre)history from the Stone Age till the 20th-century resistance movement; yet we also have to acknowledge a certain tilt towards the academy-related authors, with only a handful of contributors coming solely from the private sector. This also skews the overall impression of the work done, as many large-scale open area excavations will be, unfortunately, usually left unpublished. It is hoped that this situation can be improved. Last year also brought some other news that are more or less bound with the archaeological fieldwork in some way or another. In their annual event at the end of the year, the National Heritage Board celebrates past years’ results, and acknowledges persons, institutions and interesting discoveries made. In 2024, archaeology was highlighted in several categories. As an excellent researcher, underwater archaeologist Kaido Peremees (Tuukritööde OÜ) was recognized for his recent work discovering a wreck of a Finnish aeroplane, shot down on June 14th 1940, by the Soviets. Nomination went to the team behind Guidio (Tuuli Kurisoo, Küllike Tint, Anu Lillak, Helena Kaldre, and history teacher Aive Kaldra) – an interactive app that makes the archaeological monuments more lively and to the temporary exhibition introducing the archaeological heritage of the northwestern corner of Lake Peipsi. Also, several publications were nominated, notably archaeological monographs on the medieval hoards of Estonia (Kiudsoo 2023) and the prehistoric hill forts and medieval castles of Muhu and Saaremaa (Tamm 2023). In another event, at the annual celebration of the museum activities, the yearly award of Estonian Museums, Muuseumirott, was given to Maria Pommer for her outstanding work in the conservation of the ropes from the Lootsi wreck discovered in 2022. Finally, a large database on the archaeological fieldwork, stray finds and chance discoveries, done in Tallinn during the last 200 years, was made publicly available by the Tallinn municipal government https://gis.tallinn.ee/arheoloogia in spring 2024 (Russow & Reppo 2024; for a short introduction in English, see Russow & Reppo 2025). Last but not least, as a small step towards better data management, all articles published in AVE since 1997 have been given a digital identifier (DOI), which can also be seen printed in this volume, and all back numbers and articles dedicated to the archaeological fieldwork in Estonia since 1996 are available at https://ojs.utlib.ee/index.php/AVE/index. For the past series and back issues where the results of the Estonian fieldwork are published, the reader is encouraged to visit https://kirj.ee/estonian-journal-of-archaeology-back-issues/. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The editors of the present volume would like to thank the authors and the peer reviewers for their contributions. As always, we are sincerely grateful to our editorial team members: Helle Solnask and Uwe Sperling for their linguistic revision, Joosep Siitan for the professional layout production even when the input comes much later than expected, Lembi Lõugas for managing the finances from various sponsors (see the imprint), and Jaana Ratas for helping us always out when the submitted photos are in need of another shoot. Writing the present overview was supported by the Estonian Research Council grants PRG1931 and PRG2026. Last but not least, we are in debt of gratitude to all who responded to our queries regarding the information and illustrations, particularly Riina Juurik, Villu Kadakas, Helena Kaldre, Pikne Kama, Mairi Kaseorg, Ants Kraut, Aivar Kriiska, Marika Mägi, Kristo Oks, Anton Pärn, Heikki Pauts, Garel Püüa, Ragnar Saage, Mihkel Tammet, Ivar Treffner, Heiki Valk, Gurly Vedru, and Andres Vindi. 28 Erki Russow, Ulla Kadakas, Riina Rammo and Arvi Haak Table 1. Archaeological fieldwork in Estonia in 2024, stand 6.11.2025. The former parish name (if different from the municipality name) is given in brackets. The excavated places, presented in the current volume, are highlighted in the table. Tabel 1. 2024. aasta arheoloogilised välitööd Eestis. Andmed seisuga 6.11.2025. Sulgudes on esitatud kihelkond, juhul kui see erineb kehtivast haldusjaotusest. Kogumikus artikliga esitatud uurimisobjektid on tabelis esitatud rõhutatult. Compiled by / Koostanud: Erki Russow, Ulla Kadakas & Arvi Haak E – eeluuring / preliminary investigation J – jälgimine / monitoring P – päästekaevamine / rescue excavation I – maastikuseire / landscape survey T – teaduskaevamine / research excavation No. / Site / Nr Objekt Permit no., type/ Reg no. / Admin. unit / Loanr, tüüp reg nr Haldusüksus Researcher / Uurija Finds / Leiud Report / Aruanne TALLINN 1 A. Adamsoni tn 10 UT-889, J 2598 Tallinn Rivo Bernotas (OÜ Arheox) – + 2 Aia tänav // Inseneri tänav UT-979, J // Kanuti tänav // Uus tänav // Vana-Viru tänav 2589 Tallinn Gurly Vedru (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) – – 3 Aida tn UT-1092, J 2589 Tallinn Keiti Randoja (OÜ Arheox) – + 4 Angervaksa tn UT-1199, J – Tallinn Rivo Bernotas (OÜ Arheox) AI 7391 + 5 Dunkri, Rataskaevu tn trassid UT-1245, J 2589 Tallinn Rivo Bernotas (OÜ Arheox) – + 6 Estonia pst 5 UT-1304, E 2589 Tallinn Keiti Randoja (OÜ Arheox) AI 8402 + 7 Estonia pst 6 UT-1292, J 2589, 3015 Tallinn Rivo Bernotas (OÜ Arheox) AI 8792 – 8 Falgi tee, Paldiski mnt, Koidu tn, Ao tn, Eha tn, Wismari tn ja Toompuiestee UT-952, J 2589 Tallinn Keiti Randoja (OÜ Arheox) – + 9 Juhkentali tn 13 UT-1347, J 2590 Tallinn Keiti Randoja (OÜ Arheox) – + 10 Juhkentali tn 14 UT-919, J 2590 Tallinn Keiti Randoja (OÜ Arheox) – + 11 Kaarli pst 1 // Roosikrantsi tn 2, Püha Barbara kalmistu UT-1205, P 2601 Tallinn Rivo Bernotas (OÜ Arheox) AI 8916 + 12 Kaarli pst 3, Püha Barbara kalmistu UT-1215, E 2601 Tallinn Rivo Bernotas (OÜ Arheox) AI 8915 + 13 Kohtu tn 4 UT-1147, J 2589 Tallinn Rivo Bernotas (OÜ Arheox) – + 14 Kopli tn 2 UT-723, J 2628 Tallinn Mihkel Tammet (OÜ Muinasprojekt) AI 8890 + 15 Kotzebue tn 18c UT-937, J 2628 Tallinn Keiti Randoja (OÜ Arheox) – + 16 Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi tn 11 // UT-1149, P Tina tn 23 2600 Tallinn Martin Malve (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) AI 8988 – 17 Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi tn 11 // UT-1150, P Tina tn 23 2600 Tallinn Martin Malve (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) AI 8989 – 18 Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi tänav T1 // Fr. R. Faehlmanni tänav T1 UT-1069, J 2600 Tallinn Mihkel Tammet (OÜ Muinasprojekt) – – 19 Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi tänav T2 UT-939, J 2600 Tallinn Rivo Bernotas, Rünno Läänemägi (OÜ Arheox) – + 20 Lastekodu tänav T1 UT-1085, J 2594 Tallinn Rivo Bernotas (OÜ Arheox) – + 21 A. Lauteri 3 // Lennuki 2 UT-839, P 2594 Tallinn Rivo Bernotas (OÜ Arheox) AI 8873 + 22 Lembitu tn 4 UT-1246, E 2594 Tallinn Keiti Randoja (OÜ Arheox) AI 8926 + Archaeological fieldwork in 2024 29 No. / Site / Nr Objekt Permit no., type/ Reg no. / Admin. unit / Loanr, tüüp reg nr Haldusüksus Researcher / Uurija Finds / Leiud Report / Aruanne 23 Loode põik 2 // Loode tn 10 UT-890, J 2598 Tallinn Keiti Randoja (OÜ Arheox) – + 24 Masina tänav UT-936, J 2595 Tallinn Mihkel Tammet (OÜ Muinasprojekt) – + 25 Pikk tn 26 // Pühavaimu tn 9 UT-1048, J 3040, 2589 Tallinn Keiti Randoja (OÜ Arheox) – + 26 Pikk tn 72 UT-497, J 31172, 3015 Tallinn Rivo Bernotas, Rünno Läänemägi (OÜ Arheox) – + 27 Pärnu mnt 11 UT-918, E 2589 Tallinn Rivo Bernotas (OÜ Arheox) AI 8867 + 28 Pärnu mnt 43a UT-1063, E 2596 Tallinn Keiti Randoja (OÜ Arheox) AI 8886 + 29 Raekoja plats 13 UT-1244, J 2589 Tallinn Rivo Bernotas, Rünno Läänemägi (OÜ Arheox) AI 8930 + 30 Rannamäe tee; Pikk tn 72 UT-497, J // Margareeta aed 2589 Tallinn Rivo Bernotas (OÜ Arheox) – + 31 Rannamäe tee 11 // Suur Rannavärav 1; Lai tn 51 UT-1247, J 2589 Tallinn Rivo Bernotas (OÜ Arheox) AI 8928 – 32 Rataskaevu tänav, Lühike UT-1188, J jalg, Lühike jalg 6 2589 Tallinn Gurly Vedru (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) – + 33 Roosikrantsi tn 8, Püha Barbara kalmistu UT-1248, J 2601 Tallinn Rivo Bernotas (OÜ Arheox) – – 34 Sadama tn 4 UT-1159, J 2589 Tallinn Rivo Bernotas (OÜ Arheox) – + 35 Suur-Ameerika tn 3 // Väike-Ameerika tn 4 UT-1064, J 2593 Tallinn Keiti Randoja (OÜ Arheox) AI 8906 + 36 Tartu mnt 1 UT-178, J 2594 Tallinn Rivo Bernotas (OÜ Arheox) + – 37 Tartu mnt 10 UT-1203, J 2594 Tallinn Rivo Bernotas (OÜ Arheox) – + 38 Tolli tn 8 UT-1263, J 2589 Tallinn Ants Kraut (OÜ Muinasprojekt) – – 39 Toom-Kooli tn 4 UT-1193, J 2589 Tallinn Keiti Randoja, Rünno Läänemägi (OÜ Arheox) – + 40 Toom-Kuninga tänav T1 UT-1158, J 2593 Tallinn Rivo Bernotas (OÜ Arheox) – – 41 Vabaduse väljak 9 // Kaarli puiestee T2 UT-1106, J 2589 Tallinn Keiti Randoja, Mai-Britt Tomson (OÜ Arheox) AI 8905 + 42 Vene tn 13 UT-1185, E 2589 Tallinn Keiti Randoja (OÜ Arheox) AI 8907 + 43 Vene tn 18 UT-1228, J 2589, 1245, 1246 Tallinn Ants Kraut (OÜ Muinasprojekt) – – 44 Väike-Patarei tn 10a UT-938, J 2628 Tallinn Rivo Bernotas (OÜ Arheox) – + HARJUMAA 45 Voose küla asulakoht UT-1037, J 17434 Anija (Kose) Gurly Vedru (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) AI 8903 – 46 Jõelähtme küla kivikalme UT-1012, J 17587, 27015 Jõelähtme Gurly Vedru (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) – – 47 Liivamäe küla muistsed põllud UT-1223, J 17625 Jõelähtme Gurly Vedru (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) – + 48 Liivamäe küla muistsed põllud UT-1249, J 17625 Jõelähtme Gurly Vedru (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) – + 49 Liivamäe küla muistsed põllud UT-1201, E 17625 Jõelähtme Gurly Vedru (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) + + 50 Lähtse küla kalmistu „Kabelimägi“ UT-1213, J 17918 Kiili (Jüri) Gurly Vedru (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) – + 51 Sausti ja Vaela küla asulakoht UT-1266, J 17960 Kiili (Jüri) Gurly Vedru (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) – + 30 Erki Russow, Ulla Kadakas, Riina Rammo and Arvi Haak No. / Site / Nr Objekt Permit no., type/ Reg no. / Admin. unit / Loanr, tüüp reg nr Haldusüksus Researcher / Uurija Finds / Leiud Report / Aruanne 52 Kata küla asulakoht UT-1169, J 17991 Kose Katrin Treuman (OÜ Tentel Disain) – + 53 Tuhala küla asulakoht ja kalmistu UT-1133, J 18058, Kose AK31189 Mihkel Tammet (OÜ Muinasprojekt) AI – 54 Tuhala küla kalmistu UT-1219, J AK31189 Kose Mihkel Tammet – (MTÜ Keskvere Kultuurikoda) – 55 Kahala küla asulakoht UT-1043, E 18099 Kuusalu Katrin Treuman (OÜ Tentel Disain) – + 56 Kahala küla asulakoht UT-1222, J 18100 Kuusalu Gurly Vedru (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) + – 57 Kahala küla asulakoht UT-1119, E 18100 Kuusalu Gurly Vedru (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) AI 8897 + 58 Kolga mõisa park UT-1191, E 2852 Kuusalu Gurly Vedru (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus), Villu Kadakas (FIE) AI 8910 – 59 Soorinna küla muistsed põllud ja kivikalme UT-1078, J 18084, 18380 Kuusalu Keiti Randoja, Rünno Läänemägi (OÜ Arheox) AI 8889 + 60 Harju-Risti küla asulakoht UT-1120, E 18617 Lääne-Harju (Risti) Gurly Vedru (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) – + 61 Kiviloo mõisa park UT-1270, J 2944 Raasiku (Harju-Jaani) Gurly Vedru (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) + – 62 Lehmja küla asulakoht „Terikualune“ UT-1075, E 18786 Rae (Jüri) Ants Kraut (OÜ Muinasprojekt) – + 63 Lehmja küla kivikalme UT-1194, E 18775 Rae (Jüri) Katrin Treuman (OÜ Tentel Disain) – + 64 Ruila küla kultusekivi ja Ruila mõisa park UT-997, J 17917, 27847 Saue (Hageri) Rivo Bernotas (OÜ Arheox) – + 65 Ruila mõisa peahoone ja mõisa park UT-1155, E 27846, 27847 Saue (Hageri) Katrin Treuman (OÜ Tentel Disain) – + 66 Vanamõisa küla asulakoht UT-1073, E 18976 Saue (Keila) Keiti Randoja (OÜ Arheox) – + 67 Hingu küla kalmistu UT-1071, J 17905 Saue (Nissi) Ants Kraut (OÜ Muinasprojekt) – + 68 Nissi kirikuaia kabel UT-1275, E 2907 Saue (Nissi) Gurly Vedru (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) – + 69 Nissi kirikuaed UT-1186, E 2905 Saue (Nissi) Gurly Vedru (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) AI 9069 + HIIUMAA 70 Esiküla ja Taguküla kalmistu UT-1171, E A31186 Hiiumaa (Pühalepa) Mihkel Tammet (OÜ Muinasprojekt) AI 9001 + 71 Sarve küla aarde leiukoht UT-1298, P – Hiiumaa (Pühalepa) Monika Reppo (OÜ Arheograator) HKM + IDA-VIRUMAA 72 Narva, Karja tn 3 UT-1066, J 27276 Narva (Vaivara) Sven Udam (OÜ Tõrvajõe) – – 73 Narva, Karja tn 6g, Gloria bastioni vallikraav UT-1200, J 27276 Narva (Vaivara) Sven Udam, Ilja Davõdov (OÜ Tõrvajõe) NLM 2885 + 74 Narva, Karja tänav L2 UT-1216, P 27276 Narva (Vaivara) Martin Malve (OÜ Arheograator) AI 8991 + 75 Narva, Rüütli tn 1 UT-1086, J 27276 Narva (Vaivara) Sven Udam (OÜ Tõrvajõe) – – 76 Narva, Sepa tänav J1 UT-990, J 27276 Narva (Vaivara) Sven Udam, Ilja Davõdov (OÜ Tõrvajõe) – + Archaeological fieldwork in 2024 31 No. / Site / Nr Objekt Permit no., type/ Reg no. / Admin. unit / Loanr, tüüp reg nr Haldusüksus Researcher / Uurija Finds / Leiud Report / Aruanne 77 Narva, Tallinna mnt 71, Vana-Rakvere t 6, Äkkeküla tee 2 UT-1241, E AK31199 Narva (Vaivara) Sven Udam, Ilja Davõdov (OÜ Tõrvajõe) NLM 2886 + 78 Narva, Vestervalli tn 17 UT-1148, E 27276 Narva (Vaivara) Sven Udam, Ilja Davõdov (OÜ Tõrvajõe) – + 79 Narva, Viru tn 3 UT-963, J 27276 Narva (Vaivara) Sven Udam, Ilja Davõdov (OÜ Tõrvajõe) – + 80 Narva, Äkkeküla tee 8 UT-1182, J AK31199 Narva (Vaivara) Sven Udam (OÜ Tõrvajõe) – – 81 Iisaku alevik, kalmistu; UT-1131, J Mäetaguse küla asulakoht 8964, 9128 Alutaguse (Iisaku ja Jõhvi) Gurly Vedru (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) – + 82 Rannapungerja küla kalmistu UT-924, J 9177 Alutaguse (Iisaku) Sven Udam (OÜ Tõrvajõe) – + 83 Rannapungerja küla kalmistu UT-1019, E 9177 Alutaguse (Iisaku) Martin Malve (MTÜ AEG) + – 84 Kuremäe küla kalmistu ja kääpad UT-1116, E 8977– Alutaguse 8980, (Jõhvi) AK31188 Martin Malve (OÜ Arheograator) AI 8927 + 85 Kuremäe küla kalmistu UT-1152, P 8977, Alutaguse AK31188 (Jõhvi) Martin Malve (OÜ Arheograator) AI 8990 – 86 Mäetaguse mõisa park UT-1280, E 13961 Alutaguse (Jõhvi) Sven Udam, Villu Kadakas (OÜ Zoroaster) AI 8931 + 87 Mustmätta küla kalmistu UT-1231, J 9069 Lüganuse Ants Kraut (OÜ Muinasprojekt) AI – 88 Purtse küla, linnus „Tarakallas“ UT-1062, T 9088 Lüganuse Ragnar Saage (TÜ) AI 9025 – 89 Rebu küla, välitööd UusKiviõli kaevanduse alal UT-1211, E – Lüganuse Aivar Kriiska (OÜ Arheograator) – + JÕGEVAMAA 90 Rohe küla asulakoht UT-922, J 9239 Jõgeva (Laiuse) Ants Kraut (OÜ Muinasprojekt) AI 5500 + 91 Patjala Kassinurme II asulakoht UT-1005, J – Jõgeva (Palamuse) Ants Kraut (OÜ Muinasprojekt) – + 92 Selli küla muistised UT-965, T – Jõgeva (Simuna) Maria Smirnova (TÜ) TÜ 3195 – 93 Lustivere küla asulakoht UT-1049, P 9347 Põltsamaa Ants Kraut (OÜ Muinasprojekt) PLM Ek 4364 + 94 Lustivere küla asulakoht UT-1173, P 9347 Põltsamaa Ants Kraut (OÜ Muinasprojekt) PLM Ek 4364 + 95 Pajusi küla asulakoht UT-1307, J 9248 Põltsamaa Ants Kraut (OÜ Muinasprojekt) – – 96 Pajusi mõisa peahoone UT-1242, J 23937 Põltsamaa Ants Kraut (OÜ Muinasprojekt) – + 97 Põltsamaa linnuse varemed vallikraaviga, linnuse kaev UT-1178, J 24002 Põltsamaa Ants Kraut (OÜ Muinasprojekt) – – JÄRVAMAA 98 Paide, Lai tänav T2 UT-957, J 27009, 31140 Paide Ants Kraut (OÜ Muinasprojekt) – – 99 Paide, Rüütli tn 60 UT-1022, J 27009, 31140 Paide Ants Kraut (OÜ Muinasprojekt) – + 32 Erki Russow, Ulla Kadakas, Riina Rammo and Arvi Haak No. / Site / Nr Objekt Permit no., type/ Reg no. / Admin. unit / Loanr, tüüp reg nr Haldusüksus Researcher / Uurija Finds / Leiud Report / Aruanne 100 Paide, Valli tn 3 UT-1229, J 15066, 27009 Paide Ants Kraut (OÜ Muinasprojekt) – + 101 Seliküla küla muistised UT-987, E – Järva (Järva-Jaani) Maria Smirnova (TÜ) AI 8887 – 102 Vetepere metsavennapunker –, T – Järva Mauri Kiudsoo (TLÜ) (Järva-Madise) AI 8882 + 103 Rakvere, linnusevaremed UT-1233, E 15740 Rakvere Tõnno Jonuks (OÜ Muinaslabor) RM – 104 Rakvere, Vallimäe tee 5, Pikk tn 18 UT-968, J 27012 Rakvere Gurly Vedru (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) RM 7279 A 194 + 105 Haljala kirikuaed UT-1100, J 5761 Haljala Tõnno Jonuks (OÜ Muinaslabor) AI 8516 + 106 Tirbiku küla UT-993, E – Kadrina Ants Kraut (OÜ Muinasprojekt) RM 7281 A 196 + 107 Assamalla küla asulakoht UT-1010, J 10528 Tapa Ants Kraut (Väike-Maarja) (OÜ Muinasprojekt) RM 7280 A 195 + 108 Kutsala küla muistsed põllud ja kultusekivi UT-1004, E 10774, 10753 Viru-Nigula Ants Kraut (OÜ Muinasprojekt) AI 8901 – 109 Viru-Nigula alevik UT-930, E 10916 Viru-Nigula Ants Kraut (OÜ Muinasprojekt) + + 110 Viru-Nigula alevik; kultusekivi UT-1039, E 10916, 10753 Viru-Nigula Ants Kraut (OÜ Muinasprojekt) – + 111 Viru-Nigula, Kirikaia tn 2 UT-1004, J 10916 Viru-Nigula Ants Kraut (OÜ Muinasprojekt) AI 8899 + 112 Haapsalu, Ehte tn 3 UT-945, J 27013 Haapsalu (Ridala) Mihkel Tammet – (MTÜ Keskvere Kultuurikoda) – 113 Haapsalu, Jaani tn 4 UT-1134, J 27013 Haapsalu (Ridala) Mihkel Tammet (OÜ Muinasprojekt) + 114 Haapsalu, Kalda tn 13 UT-1160, J 27013 Haapsalu (Ridala) Mihkel Tammet – (MTÜ Keskvere Kultuurikoda) – 115 Haapsalu, Kooli tn 2 UT-1252, J 27013 Haapsalu (Ridala) Mihkel Tammet – (MTÜ Keskvere Kultuurikoda) – 116 Haapsalu, Kooli tn 7 // 7a UT-1284, J 27013 Haapsalu (Ridala) Katrin Treuman (OÜ Tentel Disain) – + 117 Haapsalu, Saue tn 9 // 9a UT-1174, J 27013 Haapsalu (Ridala) Katrin Treuman (OÜ Tentel Disain) – + 118 Haapsalu, Suur-Lossi tn 12 // 12a UT-1006, J 27013 Haapsalu (Ridala) Mihkel Tammet – (MTÜ Keskvere Kultuurikoda) – 119 Haapsalu, Suur-Mere tn 18 UT-897, E 27013 Haapsalu (Ridala) Mihkel Tammet HM 9231 (MTÜ Keskvere Kultuurikoda) + 120 Haapsalu, Suur-Mere tn 18 UT-974, J 27013 Haapsalu (Ridala) Mihkel Tammet – (MTÜ Keskvere Kultuurikoda) + 121 Haapsalu, Suur-Mere tn 18 UT-1192, J 27013 Haapsalu (Ridala) Katrin Treuman (OÜ Tentel Disain) – – 122 Haapsalu, F. J. Wiede­ manni tn 22, Vee tn 10, Vaba tn 7 // Krahviaed UT-1236, J 27013 Haapsalu (Ridala) Katrin Treuman (OÜ Tentel Disain) – + 123 Kiviküla küla kivikalme „Kalmumägi“ UT-1076, T 10097 Haapsalu (Ridala) Heikki Pauts (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) HM 9224 + LÄÄNE-VIRUMAA LÄÄNEMAA HM Archaeological fieldwork in 2024 33 No. / Site / Nr Objekt Permit no., type/ Reg no. / Admin. unit / Loanr, tüüp reg nr Haldusüksus Researcher / Uurija Finds / Leiud Report / Aruanne 124 Saanika küla linnus „Tubrilinn“ UT-1021,T 10120 Haapsalu (Ridala) Heiki Valk (TÜ) TÜ 3255 – 125 Uneste küla asulakoht UT-1243, J 10125 Haapsalu (Ridala) Katrin Treuman (OÜ Tentel Disain) – + 126 Haeska küla kalmistu „Kabelimägi“ UT-942, J 10102 Haapsalu (Martna) Gurly Vedru (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) – – 127 Kedre küla linnus „Hallimägi“ („Kedre linnamägi“) UT-1026, T 10164 Lääne-Nigula Heiki Valk (TÜ) AI 7055 – 128 Võntküla küla asulakoht UT-1227, J 10183 Lääne-Nigula Mihkel Tammet – (MTÜ Keskvere Kultuurikoda) + 129 Võntküla küla asulakoht UT-1088, J 10183 Lääne-Nigula Mihkel Tammet – (MTÜ Keskvere Kultuurikoda) + 130 Rõude küla asulakoht UT-1068, J 10049 Lääne-Nigula (Martna) Mihkel Tammet – (MTÜ Keskvere Kultuurikoda) + 131 Põlva kirikuaed UT-1276, J 11470 Põlva Mairi Kaseorg (OÜ Muinasprojekt) – + 132 Põlva kirikuaed UT-1305, J 11470 Põlva Ants Kraut (OÜ Muinasprojekt) – – 133 Rosma linnus UT-1025, T 11519 Põlva Heiki Valk (TÜ) TÜ 3225– 3227 – 134 Aia tänav T1, Rüütli tänav T6, Pargi tänav T1, Vanapargi tänav T1 UT-1125, J 16677, 27007 Pärnu Gurly Vedru (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) PäMu – 135 Hommiku tn 8 UT-1310, P 16677, 27007 Pärnu Gurly Vedru (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) PäMu – 136 Hommiku tn 8, Hommiku tn 8a UT-1190, J 16677 Pärnu Gurly Vedru (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) PäMu – 137 Hospidali tn 10 UT-1240, J 16677, 11793, 27007 Pärnu Gurly Vedru (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) PäMu – 138 Hospidali tänav T1, Hospidali tn 8 UT-941, J 11793, 27007, 16677 Pärnu Gurly Vedru (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) PäMu – 139 Hospidali tänav T2 UT-1177, J 11793, 27007 Pärnu Gurly Vedru (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) – – 140 Jalaka tänav, Vanapargi tänav T1, Pargi tänav T1, Rüütli tänav T6 UT-1124, J 27007 Pärnu Gurly Vedru (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) PäMu – 141 Lydia Koidula park UT-925, J 16677 Pärnu Gurly Vedru (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) – + 142 Lydia Koidula park, Oscar UT-926, J Alexander Brackmanni park 16677 Pärnu Gurly Vedru (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) – + 143 Pargi tänav T1, Rüütli tänav T6, Vanapargi tänav T1 UT-1126, J 16677, 27007 Pärnu Gurly Vedru (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) – + 144 Pargi tänav T3, Pikk tänav T3 UT-999, J 16677, 27007 Pärnu Gurly Vedru (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) PäMu 40431 A 2705 + PÕLVAMAA PÄRNUMAA 34 Erki Russow, Ulla Kadakas, Riina Rammo and Arvi Haak No. / Site / Nr Objekt Permit no., type/ Reg no. / Admin. unit / Loanr, tüüp reg nr Haldusüksus Researcher / Uurija Finds / Leiud Report / Aruanne 145 Pargi tänav T3, Pikk tänav T3 UT-1013, J 16677, 27007 Pärnu Gurly Vedru (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) PäMu – 146 Pargi tänav T3, Pikk tänav UT-1000, J T3, Rüütli tn 44 16677, 27007 Pärnu Gurly Vedru (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) PäMu – 147 Luha tänav T1 UT-1172, J 11791 Pärnu Gurly Vedru (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) – + 148 Merekalda tn 13a UT-1163, E 11791 Pärnu Gurly Vedru (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) PäMu 40429 A 2704 + 149 Allika tn 9 UT-967, J 11792 Pärnu Gurly Vedru (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) – + 150 Sindi-Lodja I kiviaja asulakoht UT-1117, J 27039 Pärnu linn Paikuse alev (Tori) Aivar Kriiska (OÜ Arheograator) PäMu 40427 A 2702 + 151 Sindi-Lodja I kiviaja asulakoht UT-1111, E 27039 Pärnu linn Paikuse alev (Tori) Aivar Kriiska (OÜ Arheograator) + – 152 Sindi-Lodja III kiviaja asulakoht UT-1175, E 27041 Pärnu linn Paikuse alev (Tori) Katrin Treuman (OÜ Tentel Disain) – + 153 Saastna kabeliase UT-1046, T A27546 Lääneranna (Karuse) Mihkel Tammet (MTÜ Keskvere Kultuurikoda), Anton Pärn (SALM) HM 9235 – 154 Lihula, Linnuse tee 1 UT-1170, J 15477, 15478, 15480, 27014 Lääneranna (Lihula) Mihkel Tammet LM 1918 (MTÜ Keskvere Kultuurikoda) – 155 Lihula, Tallinna mnt 2 UT-1135, J 27014 Lääneranna (Lihula) Mihkel Tammet (OÜ Muinasprojekt) – 156 Lihula, Tallinna mnt 25, Lasteaia tn 4 UT-1196, J 27014 Lääneranna (Lihula) Mihkel Tammet – (MTÜ Keskvere Kultuurikoda) 157 Tarva küla, Pirko ja Mardi talu leiukoht UT-1187, T – PõhjaTuuli Kurisoo (TLÜ) Pärnumaa (Pärnu-Jaagupi) AI 9019 – 158 Selja küla kalmistu „Mäeltvälja“ UT-960, J 11837 Tori AI 8900 + 159 Kumma küla asulakoht UT-1225, J 11941 Kehtna (Rapla) Gurly Vedru (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) AI 8903 + 160 Angerja linnuse varemed vallikraaviga UT-817, J 15230 Kohila (Hageri) Mihkel Tammet, Villu Kadakas (MTÜ Keskvere Kultuurikoda) + – 161 Konuvere ja Orgita küla muistised UT-1027, E 15278 Märjamaa Gurly Vedru (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) – + 162 Jalase küla asulakoht UT-1118, J 12119 Rapla Gurly Vedru (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) – – 163 Sikeldi küla muistsed põllud UT-1189, P – Rapla Gurly Vedru (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) – – 164 Loone küla linnus „Lohu UT-1151, J Jaanilinn“, „Loone linnus“ 11998 Rapla (Hageri) Gurly Vedru (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) AI 8904 + 165 Mälivere küla; Mälivere muinaspõllud UT-1287, J – Rapla (Hageri) Gurly Vedru (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) – + 166 Röa muistsed põllud UT-1050, P – Rapla (Hageri) Gurly Vedru (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) – + Ants Kraut (OÜ Muinasprojekt) HM – RAPLAMAA Archaeological fieldwork in 2024 No. / Site / Nr Objekt 35 Permit no., type/ Reg no. / Admin. unit / Loanr, tüüp reg nr Haldusüksus Researcher / Uurija Finds / Leiud Report / Aruanne 167 Mäla küla kivikalme „Ussimätas“, „Ussimägi“ UT-1040, T 12508 Muhu Mairi Kaseorg (TÜ) AI 8912 + 168 Kuressaare, Kuressaare linnus UT-1016, E 20869, 27011 Saaremaa (Kaarma) Garel Püüa (SM) – + 169 Kuressaare, Allee tänav, Allee tn 10, Mierzejewski tn 1, Staadioni tänav L1 UT-1290, J 27011 Saaremaa (Kaarma) Garel Püüa (SM) – + 170 Kuressaare, Kauba tn 15 UT-1024, J 27011 Saaremaa (Kaarma) Garel Püüa (SM) – + 171 Kuressaare, Komandandi tn 10 UT-1176, J 27011 Saaremaa (Kaarma) Garel Püüa (SM) – + 172 Kuressaare, Komandandi tn 10b UT-911, J 27011 Saaremaa (Kaarma) Garel Püüa (SM) SM + 173 Kuressaare, Raua tänav, Lossi tn 7 UT-1139, J 27011 Saaremaa (Kaarma) Garel Püüa (SM) – + 174 Kaarma pastoraadi ait UT-1128, E 20800 Saaremaa (Kaarma) Garel Püüa (SM) – + 175 Naakamäe kiviaja asulakoht UT-995, P 12402 Saaremaa (Kärla) Aivar Kriiska (OÜ Arheograator) AI 8896 + 176 Pöide maalinn UT-1020, T 12640 Saaremaa (Pöide) Marika Mägi (TLÜ) SM 10969 – 177 Rahu küla aarde leiukoha –, P uuringud – Saaremaa (Valjala) Marika Mägi (TLÜ) SM 10970 + 178 Valjala maalinn UT-971, T 12759 Saaremaa (Valjala) Marika Mägi (TLÜ) SM 10890 – 179 Jakobi tn 6 UT-1122, E 27006 Tartu Rivo Bernotas (OÜ Arheox) – + 180 Jakobi tn 11 UT-1253, J 27006 Tartu Rivo Bernotas (OÜ Arheox) TM A 311 + 181 Jakobi tn 52, Püha Jakobi kalmistu UT-876, J 27006, 12983 Tartu Ants Kraut, Silver Jäger (OÜ Muinasprojekt) – – 182 Kroonuaia tn 70 // 76 // 78 // Oa tn 1a UT-1052, E 27006, 31141 Tartu Martin Malve (OÜ Arheograator) TM A 305 + 183 J. Kuperjanovi tn 5 // 7 UT-1281, E 27006, 6884 Tartu Rivo Bernotas (OÜ Arheox) – + 184 Lai tn 8 UT-1262, J 27006 Tartu Ants Kraut (OÜ Muinasprojekt) – – 185 Lai tn 34 // 36 // 36a // 36b // 36c UT-1138, J 27006 Tartu Rivo Bernotas (OÜ Arheox) TM A 307 + 186 Lai tn 38 // 40 UT-1288, J 27006, 6884 Tartu Rivo Bernotas (OÜ Arheox) – + 187 Lille tn 11, Püha Antoniuse kalmistu UT-1269, E 12978 Tartu Tõnno Jonuks, Martin Malve AI 8992 (OÜ Muinaslabor) + 188 Lutsu T9, Jaani kirikaed –, J 27006 Tartu Martin Malve (MTÜ AEG) – + 189 Magasini tn 10 // Rüütli tn 21 // 23 UT-1214, E 27006 Tartu Rivo Bernotas (OÜ Arheox) TM A 310 + 190 Munga tn 5 // 7 // Rüütli tn 13 UT-1239, J 27006 Tartu Ants Kraut (OÜ Muinasprojekt) – – 191 Riia tänav T1 UT-1184, J 27006 Tartu Rivo Bernotas (OÜ Arheox) – + 192 Uppsala tn 4 // 6 // 8 UT-1054, J 12974 Tartu Aivar Kriiska (OÜ Arheograator) TM A 306 – SAAREMAA TARTU 36 Erki Russow, Ulla Kadakas, Riina Rammo and Arvi Haak No. / Site / Nr Objekt Permit no., type/ Reg no. / Admin. unit / Loanr, tüüp reg nr Haldusüksus Researcher / Uurija Finds / Leiud Report / Aruanne 193 Vabaduse pst 1c, Raatuse tänav T2 UT-981, J 27006 Tartu Mihkel Tammet, Andres Tvauri (MTÜ Keskvere Kultuurikoda) TM A 304 + 194 Vanemuise tn 1, Uueturu tn 1 UT-1254, E 27006 Tartu Rivo Bernotas (OÜ Arheox) TM A 312 + 195 Veski tn 32 UT-1029, J 27006 Tartu Mihkel Tammet – (MTÜ Keskvere Kultuurikoda) – 196 Ülikooli 18, 18a, 18b, Munga tänav UT-1156, J 27006 Tartu Silvia-Kristiin Kask (OÜ Arheograator) TM A 309 – 197 Rannu vasallilinnuse territoorium UT-597, T 7256 Elva (Rannu) Heiki Valk (TÜ) TÜ 3206 + 198 Pühi küla linnus UT-1164, E AK31192 Kambja Heiki Valk (ÕES) TÜ 3228 + 199 Aiamaa küla asulakoht UT-1008, J 12885 Nõo Rünno Vissak (MTÜ AEG) TÜ 3203 + 200 Nõo kirik ja alevik UT-1015, P 7230 Nõo Mihkel Tammet (OÜ Muinasprojekt) TÜ 3263 + 201 Kobratu küla kivikalme UT-978, E 12987 Tartu (Äksi) Tõnno Jonuks (OÜ Muinaslabor) TÜ 3209 + 202 Tabivere asulakoht UT-1309, J 9421 Tartu (Äksi) Ants Kraut (OÜ Muinasprojekt) AI 9024 + 203 Puiestee tn 1 UT-940, J 27005 Valga Ants Kraut (OÜ Muinasprojekt) – + 204 Raja tn 5 UT-1207, J 27005 Valga Ants Kraut (OÜ Muinasprojekt) – – 205 Riia tn 4 UT-1224, J 27005 Valga Monika Reppo, Aivar Kriiska – (OÜ Arheograator) + 206 Karula kirikuaed UT-961, E 13095 Valga (Karula) Heiki Valk (TÜ) TÜ 3205 + 207 Viljandi ordulinnuse varemed UT-1044, J 14709 Viljandi linn Ants Kraut (OÜ Muinasprojekt) – – 208 Hariduse tn 7 UT-1035, J 27010 Viljandi linn Ants Kraut (OÜ Muinasprojekt) – – 209 C. R. Jakobsoni tn 8 UT-1081, J 27010 Viljandi linn Ants Kraut (OÜ Muinasprojekt) – – 210 Koidu tn 8 UT-1259, J 27010 Viljandi linn Ants Kraut (OÜ Muinasprojekt) – + 211 Koidu tn 8 UT-1261, J 27010 Viljandi linn Ants Kraut (OÜ Muinasprojekt) – – 212 J. Laidoneri plats 3 // 3a // 3b UT-956, J 27010 Viljandi linn Ants Kraut (OÜ Muinasprojekt) – – 213 Lossi tn 11 UT-871, J 27010 Viljandi linn Ants Kraut (OÜ Muinasprojekt) – + 214 Lossi tn 22 ja vanalinna tänavad UT-1093, J 27010 Viljandi linn Ants Kraut (OÜ Muinasprojekt) – + 215 Lutsu tn 8 UT-1082, J 27010 Viljandi linn Ants Kraut (OÜ Muinasprojekt) – – 216 Oru tn 13 UT-1142, J 27010 Viljandi linn Ants Kraut (OÜ Muinasprojekt) – – 217 Tartu tn 36 UT-1251, J 27010 Viljandi linn Ants Kraut (OÜ Muinasprojekt) – – TARTUMAA VALGAMAA VILJANDIMAA Archaeological fieldwork in 2024 37 No. / Site / Nr Objekt Permit no., type/ Reg no. / Admin. unit / Loanr, tüüp reg nr Haldusüksus Researcher / Uurija Finds / Leiud Report / Aruanne 218 Väike-Turu tn 6a UT-1098, J 27010 Viljandi linn Ants Kraut (OÜ Muinasprojekt) – – 219 Järveotsa kalmistu UT-1165, P AK31200 Viljandi linn Martin Malve (OÜ Arheograator) AI 8993 – 220 Karksi kirik UT-973, J 14486 Mulgi (Karksi) Mihkel Tammet TÜ (MTÜ Keskvere Kultuurikoda) – 221 Venevere asulakoht UT-983, J 13240 Põhja-Sakala (Pilistvere) Gurly Vedru (MTÜ Arheoloogiakeskus) TÜ 3213 + 222 Kabila küla muistised UT-1208, T – Põhja-Sakala (Suure-Jaani) Tuuli Kurisoo (TLÜ) TÜ 3258 – 223 Aindu asulakoht UT-929, E 13313 Viljandi vald Heiki Valk (TÜ) TÜ 3204; TÜ 3224 + 224 Aindu asulakoht UT-1023, J 13313 Viljandi vald Heiki Valk (TÜ) TÜ 3204 + 225 Kuudeküla asulakoht UT-1099, J 13367 Viljandi vald Ants Kraut (OÜ Muinasprojekt) – + 226 Pärsti mõisa jääkelder UT-1041, J 14755 Viljandi vald Ants Kraut (OÜ Muinasprojekt) – + 227 Paistu kirik UT-1058, J 14595 Viljandi vald (Paistu) Mihkel Tammet – (MTÜ Keskvere Kultuurikoda) – 228 Paistu kirik UT-1090, J 14959 Viljandi vald (Paistu) Tõnno Jonuks (OÜ Muinaslabor) – + 229 Tarvastu ordulinnuse varemed UT-1061, J 14673 Viljandi vald (Tarvastu) Mihkel Tammet (OÜ Kunst) – – 230 Ala-Kõrtsi kalmistu UT-1030, T 30949 Antsla (Urvaste) Heiki Valk (TÜ) TÜ 3257 – 231 Ala-Kõrtsi kalmistu UT-1162, T 30949 Antsla (Urvaste) Heiki Valk (TÜ) TÜ 3257 – 232 Antsla vasallilinnuse kultuurkiht UT-913, J 13378 Antsla (Urvaste) Ants Kraut (OÜ Muinasprojekt) + + 233 Ähijärve küla, Perajärve söemiilamispiirkond UT-1089, T – Antsla (Karula) Ragnar Saage (TÜ) TÜ 3267 – 234 Miikse asulakoht UT-1033, T 13537 Setomaa (Vastseliina) Heiki Valk (ÕES) TÜ 3208 + 235 Tamula II asulakoht UT-1110, E 27036 Võru vald (Põlva) Aivar Kriiska (OÜ Arheograator) AI 8895 + 236 Väimela mõisa park UT-882, J 14144 Võru vald (Põlva) Ants Kraut (OÜ Muinasprojekt) – + 237 Loosi küla kalmistu UT-701, T 30213 Võru (Vastseliina) Heiki Valk (TÜ) TÜ 3179 – VÕRUMAA INSPEKTSIOONID JA ALLVEETÖÖD 238 Maastikuluure Tartu, Valga, Võru, Põlva, Viljandi, Jõgeva, Saare, Lääne, Rapla, Harju ja Ida-Viru maakonnas UT-959, I – Eesti Heiki Valk (TÜ) TÜ 3189– 3191 + 239 Maastikuluure üle Eesti UT-966, I – Eesti Maria Smirnova (TÜ) + – 240 Maastikuluure Eesti rauasulatuskohtadel UT-989, I – Eesti Ragnar Saage (TÜ) TÜ – 241 Maastikuluure Muhu- ja Saaremaal UT-972, I – Saaremaa Marika Mägi (TLÜ) SM + 38 Erki Russow, Ulla Kadakas, Riina Rammo and Arvi Haak No. / Site / Nr Objekt Permit no., type/ Reg no. / Admin. unit / Loanr, tüüp reg nr Haldusüksus Researcher / Uurija Finds / Leiud Report / Aruanne 242 Maastikuluure Lääne-Eestis UT-951, I – Pärnumaa Mihkel Tammet (OÜ Muinasprojekt) AI 8925 + 243 Laevavrakk, Läänemeri UT-904, I A31193 Läänemeri Kaido Peremees (Tuukritööde OÜ) – + 244 Sonaritööd Saare-Liivi tuulepargi põhialal UT-1038, I – Läänemeri Ivar Treffner (OÜ Nautic Trade) – + 245 Sonariuuring, allvee­ robotiga filmimine UT-1060, I – Läänemeri Kaido Peremees (Tuukritööde OÜ) – + 246 Laevavrakk Soome lahes UT-1074, I 27873 Läänemeri Ivar Treffner (MM) – – 247 Tööd Käsmu lahes UT-1096, I Läänemeri Ivar Treffner (MM) – + Läänemeri Kaido Peremees (Tuukritööde OÜ) – + 249 Nimetu-100, 22265, 30725, I – Nimetu-367, HMS Myrtle, HMS Cassandra Läänemeri Ivar Treffner (OÜ Nautic Trade) – + 250 Hävitaja Surovõi vrakk UT-1210, I 31016 Läänemeri Ivar Treffner (OÜ Nautic Trade) – + 251 Järveasula Koorküla Valgjärv –, T 13079 Tõrva (Helme) Maili Roio (MA) – – 248 Kuivastu vrakk, Suur väin UT-1123, I A31201 Archaeological fieldwork in 2024 39 Table 2. New sites discovered in field surveys in 2024. The former parish name (if different from the current municipality) is given in brackets. Tabel 2. 2024. aasta maastiku-uuringutel avastatud muistised. Sulgudes on esitatud kihelkond, juhul kui see erineb praegusest haldusjaotusest. Compiled by / Koostanud: Riina Rammo S – settlement site / asulakoht C – cemetery, burial place / kalmistu, matmispaik F – stray find / juhuleid FS – field system / põllujäänused M – manufacturing site / tööstusmuistis No. / Site / Nr Muistis Type / Municipality / Finds / Tüüp Vald Leiud Dating / Dateering Inventory no./ Leiunr Discoverers / Avastajad JÕGEVAMAA 1 Mõhküla F Põltsamaa Hand-made pottery sherd Iron Age–Middle TÜ 3189 Ages R. Suni 2 Mõhküla F Põltsamaa Pottery, slag Late Iron Age– Modern Period TÜ 3191 R. Suni PÕLVAMAA 3 Karaski S Kanepi Hand-made and wheel-thrown pottery Iron Age– Middle Ages TÜ 3242 M. Raudsepp, O. Kippar 4 Kiuma S Põlva Wheel-thrown pottery, spindle whorl fragment Middle Ages– Early Modern Period TÜ 3237 A. Vindi, M. Raudsepp 5 Koorvere S Põlva (Võnnu) Hand-made pottery Iron Age TÜ 3235 A. Vindi, M. Raudsepp 6 Krootuse manor F Kanepi Hand-made pottery sherd Iron Age TÜ 3243 M. Raudsepp, O. Kippar 7 Meemaste S Põlva Pottery sherd, cultural layer Iron Age? TÜ 3229 A. Vindi, K. Rannaäär, K. Oks 8 Peri Alaküla S Põlva Wheel-thrown pottery Late Middle Ages TÜ 3230 A. Vindi, K. Rannaäär, K. Oks 9 Tännasilma S Põlva Wheel-thrown pottery Historical period TÜ 3236 A. Vindi, M. Raudsepp 10 Valgesoo S Põlva (Võnnu) Wheel-thrown pottery Middle Ages TÜ 3248 M. Raudsepp, A. Tvauri 11 Vanaküla S Põlva Hand-made and wheel-thrown pottery Iron Age– Modern Period TÜ 3244 M. Raudsepp, A. Tvauri, H. Valk 12 Vana-Piigandi F Kanepi Pottery sherd Iron Age? TÜ 3241 M. Raudsepp, O. Kippar – M. Tammet, A. Tvauri, A. Vaida, P. Ütt, D. Šutov PÄRNUMAA 13 Ilvese F Saarde (Pärnu) Fireplace remains, natural flint – 14 Lavassaare S Pärnu city (Audru) Pottery Historical Period TÜ 3211 15 Metsaääre S Saarde (Pärnu) Flint flake, ploughshare Stone Age?, Middle Ages S Märjamaa F Saaremaa O. Kippar AI 8925 M. Tammet, A. Tvauri, A. Vaida, P. Ütt, D. Šutov Hand-made and wheelIron Age– thrown pottery, glazed Modern Period stove tiles, clay daub, slag AI 8881 M. Kiudsoo, Ü. Tamla, A. Keldremaa Annular brooch SM 10972 M. Mägi, J. Ojasaar, A. Raun, I. Teppan, R. Pärn, K. Aus, L.-L. Leiman, M. Niinesalu-Moon, K. Rannaäär, E. Vaiksaar RAPLAMAA 16 Rassiotsa SAAREMAA 17 Hirmuste 13th–15th c 40 Erki Russow, Ulla Kadakas, Riina Rammo and Arvi Haak No. / Site / Nr Muistis Type / Municipality / Finds / Tüüp Vald Leiud Dating / Dateering Inventory no./ Leiunr Discoverers / Avastajad 18 Hirmuste C? Saaremaa Copper alloy pendant Middle Ages– Modern Period SM 10972 M. Mägi, J. Ojasaar, A. Raun, I. Teppan, R. Pärn, K. Aus, L.-L. Leiman, M. Niinesalu-Moon, K. Rannaäär, E. Vaiksaar 19 Lassi F Saaremaa 2 brooches, metal item Middle Ages SM 10962 M. Mägi, J. Ojasaar, A. Raun, I. Teppan, R. Pärn, K. Aus, L.-L. Leiman, M. Niinesalu-Moon, K. Rannaäär, E. Vaiksaar TARTUMAA 20 Metsakuru (present-day Palumäe) F Kambja Bracelet, buckle Final Iron Age, Early Modern Period TÜ 3262 A. Vindi, S. Jäger 21 Pagavere (present-day Koopsi) F Elva (Rannu) Redware sherd 15th–18th c TÜ 3201 A. Tvauri, L. Aljas, L.-L. Leiman, O. Kippar 22 Terikeste S Kastre (Võnnu) Wheel-thrown pottery, glazed redware, stoneware sherd Middle Ages– Modern Period TÜ 3198 A. Tvauri, O. Kippar, L.-L. Leiman, D. Vikulova VALGAMAA 23 Ahero Kullamägi C Valga (Hargla) Burnt human bones Late Iron Age TÜ 3261 P. Kama 24 Ala-Ahero F Valga (Hargla) Wheel-thrown pottery 18th–19th c TÜ 3260 P. Kama 25 Kirbu F Valga (Karula) Wheel-thrown pottery sherd Middle Ages– Early Modern Period TÜ 3249 M. Raudsepp 26 Kirbu Saviku Church C Valga (Karula) Burnt human bones Iron Age TÜ 3251 P. Kama 27 Kuigatsi Kõrgemägi HF Otepää (Sangaste) Hand-made pottery Viking Age TÜ 3250 A. Vindi, M. Raudsepp 28 Risttee F Otepää (Sangaste) Pottery Historical Period TÜ 3231 A. Vindi, M. Raudsepp 29 Soontaga Jõekalda S Tõrva (Rõngu) Flint flakes, hand-made pottery Stone Age, Iron Age TÜ 3254 A. Vindi, M. Raudsepp 30 Soontaga Liivaku S Tõrva (Rõngu) Hand-made pottery Iron Age TÜ 3253 A. Vindi, M. Raudsepp 31 Tiidu F Otepää (Sangaste) Wheel-thrown pottery Historical Period TÜ 3233 A. Vindi, M. Raudsepp Middle Ages– Modern Period H. Valk, A. Vindi, M. Gadalšina, A. Kotkin, A. Rosenberg VÕRUMAA 32 Haamaste S Võru (Urvaste) Wheel-thrown pottery, penannular brooch, bell, mount 33 Aruküla (present-day Koemetsa) M Rõuge (Karula) Charcoal burning mounds – – 34 Viirapalu Pööni C, F Antsla (Rõuge) Unburnt and burnt human Late Iron Age– bone fragments, wheelMiddle Ages thrown pottery sherd TÜ 3259 P. Kama 35 Ähijärve Liinamäe F Pottery sherd TÜ 3252 P. Kama Antsla (Karula) Iron Age TÜ 3192 P. Tomson, P. Kama Archaeological fieldwork in 2024 41 REFERENCES Alttoa, K. 2008. Kloostritest keskaegses Tartus. – Ajalooline Ajakiri, 4 (126), 295–316. Bernotas, R. & Liivak, R. 2024. Aruanne arheoloogilistest eeluuringutest Tartus Magasini tn 10 kinnistul 2024. aastal. Tartu. (Manuscript in MA.) Bernotas, R. & Randoja, K. 2024a. Aruanne arheoloogilisest järeluuringust ja jälgimisest Tartus, Lai tn 36c kinnistul 2024. aastal. Tartu. (Manuscript in MA.) Bernotas, R. & Randoja, K. 2024b. Aruanne arheoloogilisest eeluuringust Pärnu mnt 11 kinnistul Tallinna vanalinna muinsuskaitsealal (reg nr 2589) ja ehitismälestisel Tallinna all-linna kindlustused (reg nr 3015) 09.01. ja 27.02.2024. Tallinn. (Manuscript in TLPA.) Davõdov, I. 2025. Arheoloogiline eeluuring 1700. a. muldkindlustustel, Tallinna mnt 71, Äkkeküla tee 2 ja Vana-Rakvere tn 6 kinnistul. Narva–NarvaJõesuu. (Manuscript in MA.) Davõdov, I. & Malve, M. 2024. Erdbefestigungen der russischen Belagerungstruppen im Jahre 1700 in Narva: Ergebnisse der 2019–2023 durchgeführten Forschungen. – AVE, 2023, 253–270. Haak, A. & Valk, H. 2002. Archaeological investigations of medieval and post-medieval Viljandi. – AVE, 2001, 91–104. Jegorov, S. 2021. Eksperdihinnang Jõgeva valla, Laiusevälja küla 2020. aasta novembris saadud leidude kohta. Eksperdihinnang. Tartu. (Manuscript in MA.) Jonuks, T. 2024. Aruanne arheoloogilistest uuringutest Haljala kirikaias (reg nr 5761). Tartu. (Manuscript in MA.) Jonuks, T. & Malve, M. 2024. Aruanne arheoloogilistest uuringutest Kobratu kivikalmel (reg nr 12987). Tartu. (Manuscript in MA.) Kadakas, U., Kimber, A. & Veldi, M. 2025. Is archaeological heritage inexhaustible? Archaeological heritage, its forecasting and comprehensive plans. – Estonian Cultural Heritage, vol. 3, 2018–2025. Tallinn, 136–139. Kadakas, V. 2017. Archaeological studies in the church of Haljala. – AVE, 2016, 109–130. Kadakas, V. & Russow, E. 2017. Archaeological studies on the site of the former Cistercian grange Kolga. – AVE, 2016, 131–146. Kadakas, V. & Udam, S. 2024. Arheoloogiline eel­ uuring Mäetaguse mõisa hoonete vahele ühendustunneli kavandamisel. Aruanne. Tallinn–Narva. (Manuscript in MA.) Kalling, K. 1991. Lillemäe kalmistu arheoloogiline aruanne. Tartu. (Manuscript in TLÜ AT.) Kama, P. 2024. Arheoloogiline leire Karula kihelkonnas 12. ja 13. septembril 2024. Tartu. (Manuscript in TÜ.) Kama, P. 2025. Arheoloogiline leire Karula, Urvaste, Rõuge ja Hargla kihelkonnas 14.–16. november 2024. Tartu. (Manuscript in TÜ.) Kaseorg, M. & Rannaäär, K. 2024. Järeluuringud Muhumaal Ussimätta kalmel. – Tutulus. Eesti arheoloogia aastakiri, 51. Kiudsoo, M. 2023. Keskaja aarded Eestist. Maapõu kui hoiupank. Tallinn. Kiudsoo, M. & Tamla, Ü. 2024. Leiukoha ülevaatus Rassiotsa külas Täissalu katastriüksusel. Tallinn. (Manuscript in TLÜ AT.) Kraut, A. 2024a. Arheoloogilise uuringu aruanne ViruNigula asulakoha kaitsevööndis kergliiklustee kaeve­ töödel aprillis 2024. Tallinn. (Manuscript in MA.) Kraut, A. 2024b. Arheoloogilise uuringu aruanne ühisveevärgi trassi kaevetöödel Viru-Nigula asula­ koha ja kirikuaia kaitsevööndis 24. mail 2024. a. Tallinn. (Manuscript in MA.) Kraut, A. 2024c. Arheoloogilise uuringu aruanne Tori vallas Selja külas asuva külakalmistu „Mäeltvälja“ pinnasetöödel. Kalmistu kultuurimälestiste registris nr 11837. Tallinn. (Manuscript in MA.) Kraut, A. 2025. Arheoloogiliste uuringute aruanne Viljandi vanalinna muinsuskaitsealal elektrikaablite projekti “LP8636-E5 Roo tn 9 liitumine 5. etapp” kaevetöödel. Tallinn. (Manuscript in MA.) Kraut, A. & Tvauri, A. 2024. Järeluuringud Põltsamaa kihelkonnas Lustivere asulakohal – Tutulus. Eesti arheoloogia aastakiri, 55. Kriiska, A., Viljat, J., Juurik, R. & Sikk, K. 2021. Pärnu maakonnaplaneeringu arheoloogilise uuringu aruanne. Tartu. (Manuscript in MA.) Läänemägi, R. & Randoja, K. 2024. Angervaksa tn, Tallinn. Arheoloogiliste uuringute aruanne. Tallinn. (Manuscript in TLPA.) Läänemägi, R., Randoja, K. & Bernotas, R. 2024a. Tallinna vanalinna muinsuskaitseala (reg nr 31172), Raekoja plats 13, Tallinn. (Manuscript in TLPA.) Läänemägi, R., Randoja, K. & Bernotas, R. 2024b. Arheoloogiamälestis asulakoht (reg nr 2593) Suur-Ameerika 3/Väike-Ameerika 4, Tallinn. Arheoloogiliste uuringute aruanne. Tallinn. (Manuscript in TLPA.) Lang, V., Kriiska, A., Tvauri, A. & Vedru, G. 2016. Preliminary archaeological studies on the route of Rail Baltic. – AVE, 2015, 29–34. Lutter, G.-K., Roio, M. & Kangro, R. 2024. Arheoloogiline uuring Jõgeva vallas Jõgeva maa­ konnas Laiusevälja leiukohas. Aruanne. Tartu– Tallinn. (Manuscript in MA.) Mägi, M. 2024. Valjala hill fort in Saaremaa. – AVE, 2023, 117–130. Mägi, M. 2025a. Aruanne inspektsioonist Hiietantsijate kohale (Saaremaa vald, Metsaääre küla, endine Karja khk). Copenhagen. (Manuscript in MA.) 42 Erki Russow, Ulla Kadakas, Riina Rammo and Arvi Haak Mägi, M. 2025b. Aruanne inspektsioonist Hirmuste külla Saaremaal (Saaremaa vald, endiste Anseküla, Kärla ja Kihelkonna kihelkondade piiriala). Copenhagen. (Manuscript in MA.) Mägi, M. 2025c. Aruanne inspektsioonist Upa Kalmumäele Saaremaal (endine Kaarma khk, praegu Saaremaa vald). Copenhagen. (Manuscript in MA.) Mägi, M. 2025d. Aruanne inspektsioonidest Lassi, Suurna, Salme ja Tehumardi küladesse (endine Anseküla khk ja Salme vald, praegu Saaremaa vald). Copenhagen. (Manuscript in MA.) Mägi, M., Tõnisson, H. & Harjo, O. 2023. Archaeological and ground penetrating radar investigations around Valjala, Pöide and Kaarma hill forts in Saaremaa. – AVE, 2022, 73–90. Malve, M. 2024. Tundmatute hauad Viljandi servalt. – Tutulus. Eesti arheoloogia aastakiri, 60. Malve, M. & Jonuks, T. 2024. Tartu Lille tn 11 (Lille mäe kalmistu) eeluuringud 2024. aasta novembris. Tartu. (Manuscript in MA.) Malve, M. & Oks, K. 2024. Vändra Püha Martini kirik­ aed. – Tutulus. Eesti arheoloogia aastakiri, 58. Malve, M. & Reppo, M. 2024a. Narva Mihkli kalmistu päästekaevamised. Vahearuanne. Tallinn–Tartu. (Manuscript in MA.) Malve, M. & Reppo, M. 2024b. Arheoloogilised eeluuringud Tartus, Kroonuaia 70, 76, 78/Oa tn 1a. Vahearuanne. Tartu–Tallinn. (Manuscript in MA.) Ots, M. & Rammo, R. 2013. Landscape surveys and new monuments discovered in 2012. – AVE, 2012, 297–319. Pauts, H. 2024. Uuringud Ahli kalmel jätkusid. – Tutulus. Eesti arheoloogia aastakiri, 54. Püüa, G. 2024. Arheoloogilised uuringud Kuressaares Lossi tn 7 kinnistu hoovis ja Raua tänaval 2024. Kuressaare. (Manuscript in MA.) Randoja, K. & Bernotas, R. 2024a. Aruanne arheoloogilisest eeluuringust Tartu vanalinna muinsus­ kaitsealal (reg nr 27006) Uueturu tn 1 (endine Vanemuise tn 1) kinnistul 07.–12.11.24. Tartu. (Manuscript in MA.) Randoja, K. & Bernotas, R. 2024b. Aruanne arheoloogilisest eeluuringust Tallinna vanalinna muinsuskaitsealal (reg nr 2589) Vene 13 kinnistul 29.08.– 03.10.2024. Tallinn. (Manuscript in TLPA.) Randoja, K. & Bernotas, R. 2024c. Aruanne arheoloogilisest eeluuringust Tallinna vanalinna (reg nr 2589) ja arheoloogiamälestise asulakoht (reg nr 2594) kaitsevööndite juures Lembitu 4 kinnistul 29.10.24. Tallinn. (Manuscript in TLPA.) Randoja, K. & Bernotas, R. 2024d. Aruanne arheoloogilisest eeluuringust Tallinna vanalinna muinsuskaitseala (reg nr 31172) kaitsevööndis Estonia pst 5 kinnistul 11.12.24. Tallinn. (Manuscript in TLPA.) Raudsepp, M. 2024. Karula kihelkonnas Pikkjärve ääres Kirbu külas Siimu KÜ juhuleid 19. aprillil 2024. aastal. (Manuscript in TÜ.) Raudsepp, M. 2025. Inspektsioon Kambja ja Kanepi kihel­kondades 16.04.2024. aastal. Tartu. (Manuscript in TÜ.) Remmel, M.-A. 2024. Looduslike pühapaikade inventuur Urvaste kihelkonnas, Valgamaa. Aruanne. Tartu. (Manuscript in MA.) Roio, M. 2022. Tulekivist esemed Jõgevamaalt Jõgeva vallast Laiusevälja külast Altveski kinnistult. Eksperdihinnang. (Manuscript in TÜ.) Russow, E., Kadakas, U., Rammo, R. & Haak, A. 2022. Archaeological fieldwork in 2021. – AVE, 2021, 9–44. Russow, E., Kadakas, U., Rammo, R. & Haak, A. 2023. Archaeological fieldwork in 2022. – AVE, 2022, 9–42. Russow, E., Kadakas, U., Rammo, R. & Haak, A. 2024. Archaeological fieldwork in 2023. – AVE, 2023, 9–44. Russow, E. & Reppo, M. 2024. Tallinna arheoloogia: leiuteated, juhuleiud ja arheoloogilised välitööd. Gis-based database on archaeological research in Tallinn. Available at https://gis.tallinn.ee/ arheoloogia Russow, E. & Reppo, M. 2025. A springboard into Tallinn’s urban archaeology. – Estonian Cultural Heritage, vol. 3, 2018–2025. Tallinn, 147–148. Suni, R. 2024. Põltsamaa vallas Mõhkülas 2024. aasta kevadel toimunud leire aruanne. (Manuscript in TÜ.) Tamm, J. 2023. Saaremaa ja Muhu linnused ja maa­ linnad. Saaremaa Muuseumi toimetised, 14. Kuressaare. Tammet, M. 2025. Uuringuaruanne ajutise kaitse all oleva kalmistu (reg-nr AK31186) Hiiu maakonnas Hiiumaa vallas Esiküla külas ja Taguküla külas (Ristitee katastriüksus 36802:003:0325, Liivaniidi katastriüksus 36802:003:0015, Liivaniidi katastriüksus 36802:003:0016, Liiva katastriüksus 36802:003:0730, Triinu katastriüksus 36802:003:0218, 12149 Kassari surnuaia tee katastri­ üksus 36802:003:2422, 12149 Kassari surnuaiatee katastriüksus 36802:003:2422, Lisa 1), maa-ala kultuuriväärtuse (teha kindlaks matuste esinemine, piirid, kalmistu kasutusaeg) hindamiseks. Lihula. (Manuscript in MA.) Tammet, M., Tvauri, A. & Šutov, D. 2024. Arheoloogi­ lise väärtusega objektide maastikuseire (mitte kaitse aluse arheoloogiapärandi uuringu II etapp) Rail Baltic trassil Pärnumaal. Tallinn. (Manuscript in MA.) Tammet, M., Pärn, A. & Pärn, J. 2025. Klindikaevust ja tähelepanekuid Lihula linnusemäe keskaegsest veevarustusest laiemalt. – Läänemaa Muuseumi toimetised, 27. Haapsalu, 111–125. Tammet, M. & Russow, E. 2024. Arheoloogilised eel­ uuringud Haapsalu linnas, Suur-Mere 18 kinnistul projekteeritava hoonestuse alal. Uuringuaruanne. Lihula–Tallinn. (Manuscript in MA.) Treuman, K. 2024. Arheoloogiline eeluuring Harjumaal Kuusalu vallas Kahala külas Alahaki kinnistul asulakohal ja selle kaitsevööndis rg nr 18099. (Manuscript in MA.) Archaeological Fieldwork in Estonia 2024. Tallinn: Muinsuskaitseamet 2025, 9–44 Tvauri, A. 2024a. Aruanne arheoloogilisest leirest Tartu­ maal Rannu kihelkonnas 2024. aasta kevadel uuri­ misprojekti “Estterra” raames. (Manuscript in TÜ.) Tvauri, A. 2024b. Aruanne arheoloogilisest leirest Tartu­ maal Võnnu kihelkonnas 2024. aasta kevadel uuri­ misprojekti “Estterra” raames. (Manuscript in TÜ.) Tvauri, A., Metsoja, K. & Jonuks, T. 2015. Rail Balticu trassi arheoloogiliste eeluuringute II etapi lõpparuanne. Osa II. Rapla maakond. Tartu. (Manuscript in MA.) Valk, H. 1994. Excavations at the medieval town gates of Viljandi. – TATÜ, 43: 1, 90–96. Valk, H. 2024a. Aindu asulakoha arheoloogiline eel­ uuring 8. ja 14. mail 2024. Tartu. (Manuscript in MA.) Valk, H. 2024b. Aindu asulakohal 2024. aasta 14. ja 16. mail toimunud istutustööde arheoloogilise jälgimise aruanne. Tartu. (Manuscript in MA.) Valk, H. 2024c. Jüri kiriku asukoha otsingud Sulbi lähedal 25. aprillil 2024. Tartu. (Manuscript in TÜ.) Valk, H. & Blehner, M. A. 2024. Jätku-uuringud Loosi kalmistul. – Tutulus. Eesti arheoloogia aastakiri, 53. Valk, H. & Raudsepp, M. 2025. Rannu vasallilinnuse ala arheoloogiline uurimine 2024. aastal. Tartu. (Manuscript in MA.) Vedru, G. 2024a. Aruanne arheoloogilistest eeluurin­ gutest Kahala küla/ajaloolise Kalamäe küla asulakohal (reg-nr 18100; Kalamäe katastriüksus, Kuusalu vald/kihelkond, Harju maakond) 2024. aastal. Tallinn. (Manuscript in MA.) 43 Vedru, G. 2024b. Aruanne arheoloogilistest uuringutest Venevere küla asulakohal (reg-nr 13240; Enno katastriüksus, Põhja-Sakala vald/Pilistvere kihelkond, Viljandi maakond) 2024. aastal. Tallinn. (Manuscript in MA.) Vedru, G. 2024c. Aruanne arheoloogilistest uuringutest Liivamäe küla muistsetel põldudel (reg-nr 17625; Tormi tee 15 kinnistu, Liivamäe küla, Jõelähtme vald/kihelkond, Harjumaa) 2024. aastal. Tallinn. (Manuscript in MA.) Vedru, G. 2024d. Aruanne arheoloogilistest uuringu­ test Röa küla fossiilsetel põldudel (Rapla vald/ Hageri kihelkond, Rapla maakond/Harjumaa) 2024. aastal. Tallinn. (Manuscript in MA.) Vedru, G. 2024e. Aruanne arheoloogilistest uuringutest Tallinn–Pärnu–Ikla tee (riigitee 4) 62,0–78,5 km Päädeva–Konuvere teelõigus 2024. aastal. Tallinn. (Manuscript in MA.) Vedru, G. 2025. Aruanne arheoloogilistest järeluuringutest Liivamäe küla muistsetel põldudel (reg-nr 17625; Uue-Suurekivi tee 15 ja Tormi tee 9 kinnistud, Liivamäe küla, Jõelähtme vald/kihelkond, Harjumaa) 2024. aastal. Tallinn. (Manuscript in MA.) Vindi, A. & Raudsepp, M. 2024. Inspektsioon Sangaste kihelkonnas Kõrgemäel 20.09.2024. Aruanne. Tartu. (Manuscript in TÜ.) ARHEOLOOGILISED VÄLITÖÖD 2024. AASTAL Erki Russow, Ulla Kadakas, Riina Rammo ja Arvi Haak 2024. aastal toimus Eestis 251 arheoloogilist välitööd (jn 1, tabel 1); tehtud uuringute kohta on Muinsuskaitseametile 2025. aasta novembriks esitatud u 64% aruandeist. Statistilisest vaatenurgast oli tegemist tavalise aastaga, kus uuringuviiside ja objektide osakaal (jn 2–3) ei erine palju tavapärasest. Ka välitöid ette võtnud arheoloogide ja organisatsioonide ring on suures osas sama. Nii nagu viimasel ajal tavaks, küündis ka seekord teadusuuringute arv kahekohalise numbrini (20), kuid valdavalt piirdusid tööd mõne päevaga. Päris mitmel juhul külastati varem uuritud objekte, seda kas korrastamiseks-järelsõelumiseks (nt Mäla kivikalme Muhumaal, jn 4; Ahli kivikalme Läänemaal) või mälestise piiride-kultuurkihi paksuse määramiseks (nt Koorküla Valgjärv). Metoodilisest aspektist vaadatuna oli huvitav põllutööde või muudmoodi rikutud muististe arheoloogilise potentsiaali uurimine Kultuuriministeeriumi rahastatava projekti raames mitmel pool. Samuti oli põhjust veel kord tutvuda detektoristide poolt lõhutud matmispaikadega Lõuna-Eestis (Urvaste Ala-Kõrtsi, Loosi). TÜ arheoloogia teadusprojekti raames uuriti mitmel pool Eestis muinasaja lõpu linnamägesid (Rosma Põlvamaal, Ridala, Kedre Läänemaal) ja linnusekohta (Rannu vasallilinnus Tartumaal), kuid muinaslinnused pälvisid ka laiemalt huvi (nt Purtse Tarakallas Virumaal, Valjala ja Pöide Saaremaal). Ajaloolise aja objektide uurimine oli mitmekesine: jätkati töid Saastna hiliskeskaegse kabeli asemel Läänemaal, esmakordselt võeti põhjalikumalt ette söepõletusaukude ja -kuhjade arheoloogiline uurimine Karula rahvuspargis Valgamaal ning kaevati ka 20. saj keskpaiga Käpa metsavennapunkrit Järva- ja Harjumaa piirialal. Suur osa eelmainitud uuringutest avaldatakse käesolevas kogumikus eraldi artikliga. Päästeuuringuid jagus nii maale kui ka linna. Maapiirkondades uuriti 77 muistist kokku 89 korral, sageli oli ajendiks vee- ja kanalisatsioonitorustiku (21) või eri tüüpi teede (16) rajamine. Eraldi märkimist väärib Mäetaguse mõisa uuring, kus leiti kuni 0,5 m tüse kultuurkiht, mis on osaliselt dateeritav rauaaega. Lustiveres tuli paraku arheoloogidel tegeleda muinasaja lõpu – ajaloolise aja asulakoha järeluuringuga, 44 pärast mälestisel aset leidnud kooskõlastamata kaevetöid (jn 5). Samasugune olukord oli kahjuks ka mitme kiviaja asulakoha uurimisel, Sindi-Lodjal Pärnumaal ning Naakamäel Saaremaal. Mõlema uuringutulemustest saab põhjalikult lugeda järgnevatel lehekülgedel, nii nagu ka uue muistisetüübi – loomade jootmiskoha – avastamisest Nõos, samuti Saaremaal elamu ehitamisel avastatud Rahu aardeleiust. Kesk- ja varauusaja hoonekomplekside uurimine pakkus erinevaid väljakutseid. Kolga mõisa esisel avatud mikrokaevandis tuli päevavalvele ilmselt mõisale eelnenud kloostriajastu ahjukahleid, Kiviloo mõisas satuti kivimüüridele, kuid ilmselt ei seostu need samas varem asunud keskaegse vasallilinnusega. Põltsamaa linnuse hoovialal (jn 6) puhastati ja tühjendati suurem kaev. Angerja vasallilinnuse varemetel paljandusid rusude eemaldamisel aknanišš, kamin, ukseava jne (jn 7). Viljandimaal Paistu kirikaias avastati ilmselt kiriku kellatorni vundament, Tarvastu linnusel aga kaevati varauusaegset keldriruumi. Nagu ikka, tuli arheoloogidel uurida mitmesuguseid maa-asulate matusepaikasid, esmajoones seoses toru- ja kaablitöödega (Tuhala, Nissi, Mustmätta jne), neist kõige ulatuslikumalt Kuremäel, kus varasemalt on lõhutud muinas- ja keskaegseid kääpaid. Seda objekti tutvustatakse kogumikus eraldi ülevaatega. Tähelepanu pöörati ka põllusüsteemidele. Harjumaal Liivamäel kirjeldati pronksiaegsete põldude fragmenti, Raplamaal võeti Sikeldi ja Röa ilmselt uusaegseist põllukivihunnikuist proove. Välitööde arvu poolest oli 2024 hea aasta samuti linnaarheoloogiale, sest uuringuteatiste arv oli veerandi võrra mullusest suurem. Nagu ikka, keskenduti eeskätt Tallinnale (44), Tartule (18) ja Pärnule (16), kuid suhteliselt palju õnnestus vaadelda ka väiksemate linnade arheoloogilist situatsiooni. Tõsi, lõviosa töödest hõlmas varasemate torustikukraavide alasid või sattusid juba eelnevate mullatöödega segatud pinnasele. Ühtteist uut huvitavat leiti siiski siit ja sealt. Narvas näiteks õnnestus dokumenteerida keskaegse linnamüüri lõik Viru tänaval, mille uuringutulemuste kokkuvõtet saab lugeda siinsest kogumikust, samuti pakkus põnevust jätku-uuring venelaste 1700. aasta piiramislaagri jäänustel. Lisaks toimusid päästekaevamised eeslinnaalal asunud kunagisel Mihkli kiriku surnuaial. Eesti teised väiksemad linnad ja linnalised keskused samavõrd olulisi resultaate ei pakkunud, ehkki üht-teist õnnestus linnaruumi kohta siiski mõnel juhul koguda, nt Viljandis, Haapsalus ja Lihulas. Kuressaares seevastu väärib nimetamist Lossi tn 7 – Raua tn soojatrassi täitepinnasest välja tulnud suurem kogum nõukogudeaegseid sõidukite numbrimärke (jn 8), mis seostuvad naabruses asu- Erki Russow, Ulla Kadakas, Riina Rammo ja Arvi Haak nud miilitsa- või politseijaoskonna tööga. 20. sajandi arheoloogiast saab veel esile tõsta Viljandis Järveotsa matmispaiga uuringu, kust puhastati välja mitukümmend II maailmasõja ajal maetud sõjapõgeniku hauda. Mõnda saavutati ka kahe suurema linna uurimisel. Tartus Toomemäel saadi täiendust muinasaja ja keskaja haku asustusjälgede osas, all-linna torutöödel paljandusid ülikooli peahoone ümbruses 17.–18. sajandi hoonete jäänused, Jakobi tänaval seevastu keskaegse naistsistertslaste Katariina kloostri müürid. Laia ja Magasini tänava eeluuringud tõid nähtavale kahe õigeusu kiriku juures asunud kesk- ja varauusaegsed matusepaigad. Lisaks toimusid eeluuringud Riia eeslinnas asuval Lillemäe 18. sajandi õigeusu kalmistul. Tallinna pea poolsada uuringut varasemate aastatega sarnast saaki ei pakkunud. Vanalinna olulisimad tähelepanekud-avastused saadi Raekoja platsilt 13.–14. sajandi asustusjälgede ja võimaliku etikukivi vundamendi ning Vene tn 13 hoovi ja keldri eeluuringul 13.–14. sajandi aiamaa ning 14. sajandi algupoole kivihoone näol. Eeslinna alal satuti ühel juhul võimalikule pronksiaja asustusjäljele Suur-Ameerika tänaval, kesk- ja varauusaegset kultuurkihti registreeriti Estonia pst 5 ja Lembitu tn 4 kinnistul ning varauusaegse muldkindlustuse elemente mõõdistati aadressil Pärnu mnt 11. Maastikuluure järgis varasemate aastate mustreid. Viiel juhul esitati muinsuskaitseametile uuringuteatis, kuid uusi avastusi tehti samuti teatiseta luurel (tabel 2). Seegi kord oli rõhk Saaremaal, kus toimetab SA Osiliana ning Lõuna-Eestis, kus uusi muistiseid otsitakse TÜ Esterra projekti raames. Saaremaal vaadati üle Metsaääre küla looduslik pühapaik, samuti mitmeid võimalikke matusepaiku ning Salme küla juures otsiti sadama/randumispaika ja sellega seostuvat asustust. Pärnumaal uuriti põhjalikumalt tulevase Rail Balticu kulgemisala. Lõuna-Eestis oli fookus ajaloolisel Võrumaal ja Tartumaal, saamaks aimu asustusmustrist ning täpsustamaks teadaolevate kohtade vanust, samuti koguda uut teavet hilisrauaaja põletusmatustega matmispaikade kohta. Lisaks otsisid TÜ üliõpilased ja töötajad muistiseid mujalgi, avastades muu hulgas arvatava viikingiaegse linnamäe Kuigatsis, tuvastades Vändras kesk- ja varauusaegse kalmistu jne. Organiseeriti ka seitsmes Madisepäeva lahingupaiga asukoha otsimine, viimasest kirjutatakse pikemalt kogumikus eraldi artiklis. Kokkuvõttes võib tõdeda, et 2024. aasta 251 välitööd pakkusid üllatusi siin ja seal, samas suuremaid kõrghetki ja madalseise polnud. Hea on tõdeda, et paljud uuringud on kogumikus artikliga publitseeritud, alates kiviajast kuni 20. sajandi vastupanuvõitluseni.