(PDF) Athens & Sparta

A thens A thens & Sparta History 1103-2 Fall 2016 Prof. Arthur-Montagne M/W/F, 3:25-4:35 PM

PHIL 223 HST 1103-02 Athens and Sparta Class Information Schedule: 3:25-4:35 PM, on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays August 23 – December 8 Location: Philips School of Business (PHIL), Room 223 Instructor: Prof. Jacqueline Arthur-Montagne Contact:

Office Hours: 11:00 AM – 12:00 PM daily, and by appointment Office Location: Hayworth Hall, Room 105 Course Description The classical Greek world as it we know it comprised more than 1000 poleis (“city-states”), dotting the Mediterranean from modern-day Spain to Russia. Among this multitude, Athens and Sparta dominate the historical record as opposing models of Greek political power and culture. Famous for its lofty Acropolis, timeless tragedies, and puzzling philosophers, Athens has long been celebrated as the cradle of Western civilization, a cosmopolitan center made possible by its democratic government and naval might. Sparta, in contrast, has been chronicled as an brutally militaristic society, whose material and cultural austerity won both admiration and fear in the Greek world. This class investigates the origins and validity of these polarizing depictions of Athens and Sparta during the fifth century BCE. Students will follow the development of these poleis between the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars through the writings of Herodotus, Thucydides, and Xenophon. This course sets out not only to challenge traditional perspectives on Athens and Sparta, but to question the agendas and ideologies at stake in our historical sources. Course Objectives (1) To aquaint students with the historical figures, events, and geography of fifth-century Greece in preparation for more advanced studies in classical history or comparative disciplines; (2) To familiarize students with the major historians of classical Greece and the study of Greek historiography; (3) To prepare students to deliver organized oral presentations before an audience. Learning Outcomes (1) Interpret (in writing) human experience in its spatiotemporal context; (2) Use evidence to produce valid interpretations of historical events; (3) Formulate academic arguments about history that use evidence from the past to support appropriate historical conclusions Assessment In-Class Participation 30% Midterm Exam 20% Final Presentation 20% Quizzes (6) 15% Speaking Assignments (6) 15% Grading Scale A+ (98-100) C+ (77-79) A (93-97) C (73-76) A- (90-92) C- (70-72) B+ (87-89) D+ (67-69) B (83-86) D (63-66) B- (80-82) D- (60-62) 2 HST 1103-02 Athens and Sparta Course Books Please purchase the following at your earliest convenience: (1) R. Strassler, ed. 1998. The Landmark Thucydides. New York. (ISBN-13: 978-0684827902) (2) R. Strassler, ed. 2009. The Landmark Herodotus. New York. (ISBN-13: 978-1400031146) (3) R. Waterfield, tr. 2009. Plutarch: Greek Lives. Oxford. (ISBN-13: 978-0199540051) (4) (optional). R. Strassler, ed. 2010. The Landmark Xenophon’s Hellenika. New York. (ISBN- 13: 978-1400034765) (5) (optional) J. Lendon. 2012. Song of Wrath: The Peloponnesian War Begins. Basic Books. (ISBN-13: 978- 0465031436) Additional Readings These readings will be provided to you in print or PDF format: Primary Aristophanes. Knights, in A. Sommerstein, ed. 2003. Aristophanes: The Birds and Other Plays. London. Aristotle. Constitution of Athens, in S. Everson, ed. 1996. Aristotle: The Politics and the Constitution of Athens. Cambridge. Homer. Iliad, in S. Lombardo, tr. 2000. The Essential Homer. Indianapolis. Lysias. Against Eratosthenes, in W. Lamb, tr. 1930. Cambridge, MA. Plato. Apology, in G. Grube, tr. 2000. Plato: The Trial and Death of Socrates. Indianapolis. Sophocles, Oedipus Tyrannos, in P. Meineck and P. Woodruff, trs. 2000. Sophocles: Oedipus Tyrannus. Indianapolis. Xenophon. Constitution of the Lacedaemonians, in M. Lipka, tr. 2002. Xenophon’s Spartan Constitution: Introduction, Text, Commentary. Berlin. Secondary Hanson, V. 2005a. “Fear: Why Sparta Fought Athens,” in A War Like No Other: How the Athenians and Spartans Fought the Peloponnesian War. New York. — 2005b. “Ruin? Winners and Losers (404-403),” in A War Like No Other: How the Athenians and Spartans Fought the Peloponnesian War. New York. Kovacs, G. 2013. “Truth, Justice, and the Spartan Way,” in L. Hardwick and S. Harrison (eds.), Classics in the Modern World: A Democratic Turn?. Oxford. Research Resources The following books are available through the HPU library for further reading and research: Cartledge, P. 2002. Sparta and Lakonia: A Regional History, 1300-362 BC. London. — 2003. The Spartans: The World of the Warrior-Heroes of Ancient Greece, from Utopia to Crisis and Collapse. Woodstock. De Souza, P. 2014. The Peloponnesian War, 431-404 BC. New York. Dewald, C. 2005. Thucydides’ War Narrative: A Structural Study. Berkeley. Kagan, D. 1974. The Archidamian War. Ithaca, NY. — 1989. The Outbreak of the Peloponnesian War. Ithaca, NY. 3 HST 1103-02 Athens and Sparta — 2012. New History of the Peloponnesian War. Ithaca, NY. Kennell, N. 1995. The Gymnasium of Virtue: Education and Culture in Ancient Sparta. Chapel Hill. Mhire, J. and B. Frost, eds. 2014. The Political Theory of Aristophanes: Explorations in Poetic Wisdom. Albany. Ober, J. 2008. Democracy and Knowledge: Innovation and Learning in Classical Athens. Princeton. Powell, A. 2001. Athens and Sparta: Constructing Greek Political and Social History from 478 BC. London. Powell, A. and S. Hodkinson (eds.). 1994. The Shadow of Sparta. London. Price, J. 2001. Thucydides and Internal War. Cambridge. Rusch, S. 2011. Sparta at War: Strategy, Tactics and Campaigns, 950-362 B.C. Havertown. Strauss, B. 1993. Fathers and Sons in Athens: Ideology and Society in the Era of the Peloponnesian War. London. Vickers, M. 2008. Sophocles and Alcibiades: Athenian Politics in Ancient Greek Literature. Stocksfield. Wolpert, A. 2002. Remembering Defeat: Civil War and Civic Memory in Ancient Athens. Baltimore. Online Research Resources The following are open-access or available through HPU Library Databases: Classical Resources Barrington Atlas of Classical History Over 100 detailed maps of the ancient world, especially political, military, and cultural landmarks. Brill’s New Pauly Authoritative encyclopedia of Greco-Roman history; good alternative to Wikipedia. Oxford Companion to Classical Literature Encyclopedia of classical literature, mythology, and ancient authors. Perseus Philologic Collection of Greek and Latin texts (primary sources) with English translations. Lacus Curtius Collection of Greek and Latin texts (primary sources) with English translations. General Resources for Secondary Scholarship Google Scholar A research-oriented search-engine for peer-reviewed books and journal articles. JSTOR A digital library with access to 2000+ scholarly research journals. Project MUSE Collection of 200+ online scholarly journals in the humanities. 4 HST 1103-02 Athens and Sparta Grading Criteria In-Class Participation Attendance is required and roll will be taken daily. Starting week 2, attendance and participation will be graded on a tiered scale from “prepared” (100%), “unprepared” (50%), to “absent” (0%). A prepared student will come to class having completed the readings and writing assignments, and ready to ask questions and engage actively with one another throughout the session. Students who miss more than two classes (after week 2) will be placed on class probation. Students who miss more than 3 classes may be involuntary dropped from the class, at my discretion. Assigned Readings In order to prepare themselves for each class session, students are expected to read a substantial amount of scholarship and primary sources. By “reading,” I mean that students should locate a quiet study space without distractions (electronic or otherwise) well in advance of class, and read the assigned chapters, articles, or sources actively – marking the readings with notes and highlighting terms or passages. After an initial reading, students should briefly review their materials and notes prior to class in order to readily ask and answer questions about the assignments, and participate in group activities. Lectures will not replicate the reading material, but delve more deeply into their topics or address new content. Each member of this class is individually responsible for completing all assignments, but I strongly encourage students to form study groups and collaborate on note-taking. Quizzes Mondays of even-numbered weeks will begin with a 15-minute quiz, which will focus primarily on the material from the previous week. Quiz content on historical figures, chronology, and geography will be drawn from study lists and handouts distributed in the two weeks prior. I may also ask you to analyze short passages from our primary sources (Herodotus, Thucydides, Xenophon, etc.). Speaking Assignments On Mondays of odd-numbered weeks, students will prepare public speaking assignments in response to prompts on that week’s reading assignments or discussions. Speaking assignments are an excellent opportunity for you to practice analyzing our historical sources, and will also challenge you to master different presentation skills, such as projection, pacing, and body language. Public speaking assignments will be delivered and assessed in class, and cannot therefore be submitted late. Midterm Exam In week 8 of the semester, students will take a mid-term examination that covers the course content from weeks 1-7. One purpose of this exam is to help students consolidate their mastery of the early fifth century BCE before progressing to the Peloponnesian War. This exam includes identifications of historical figures, events, dates, and places. It will also ask students to identify and analyze passages from primary sources. Final Presentation In lieu of a final exam, each student will make a final “Ted Talk”-style presentation, 6 minutes in length. This presentation should make an original argument in response to one of the prompts I circulate in week 6 of the semester. Students may propose a presentation topic of their own choosing, to be approved at my discretion. Students should also plan to meet with me in weeks 7 or 8 of the semester to discuss their topics, and to submit either a 1-page presentation outline or introduction no later than week 12. All presentations will be scheduled for the last three meetings of this course. I am happy to watch practice presentations and offer feedback until November 27th . 5 HST 1103-02 Athens and Sparta Course Policies HPU Honor Code & Writing Resources Students submitting graded assignments in this class are expected to abide by the terms of the HPU Honor Code, which prohibits cheating, collusion, property violations, and plagiarism. For the specific definitions and details of this Honor Code, please consult highpoint.edu/studentconduct/university- honor-code/. In addition, students who become aware of honor code violations in this course are required to notify me, whether or not they choose to identify suspected violators. This class will provide students ample opportunities to practice correctly quoting, citing, and paraphrasing primary and secondary sources. Please feel free to contact me at any time in the semester with questions about study and writing practices, and partner collaboration. I am always happy to read and critique drafts. The Writing Center at High Point University provides writing assistance for students at any level of study – from freshman to graduate – at any stage in the writing process, from invention through revision. Go to https://highpoint.mywconline.com/ to make an appointment, starting August 29, 2016. Writing Center tutors do not proofread or edit students’ papers for them, but they do work with students to help them develop strategies for improving their writing. For more information, contact Writing Center Director, Dr. Leah Schweitzer at

. HPU Disability Support High Point University is committed to accommodating students with documented disabilities and providing equal access to educational resources. Any students in this class who require learning accommodations (such as tailored testing procedures, peer notes, or alternate format textbooks) should contact the Department of Disability Support at

and submit an Academic Accommodations Intake Form at the beginning of fall term. Thereafter, I will coordinate with Disability Support staff to implement recommended accommodations for approved students. In-Class Technology Use In order to foster a dynamic and active learning environment, I do not permit the use of computers, tablets, cell-phones, or equivalent technology during class-time. There are two exceptions to this rule. Students with disabilities who require electronic devices to complete in-class work should request accommodation from the Department of Disability Support (see above). In addition, all students may request permission to record the audio content of my lectures for their personal use. For general note- taking purposes without electronics, I do recommend the following devices: wax tablet and stylus, mammoth hide and bone tip, stone and chisel, papyrus and reed pen, or parchment and feather quill. Make-Up Work and Extra Credit Make-up quizzes and exams will be considered on a case-by-case basis, at a penalty of ½ letter grade per day applied to the final grade. I do consider requests for extra credit work from students, provided they have missed no more than two classes. Requests for extra credit should be submitted no later than week 12 of the semester. Student Research Opportunities It is my sincere hope that students in this class become curious about the ancient world and conduct innovative and original research of their own. I encourage any student who is interested in developing a presentation topic into a larger research project for presentation or publication to contact me during the semester. I am happy to help aspiring scholars prepare presentations for undergraduate research symposia and conferences. I am also familiar with a number of undergraduate research journals in Classical literature and history. The ancient world abounds with mysteries and buried treasures, and I invite you personally to take an active role in their discovery. 6 Course Schedule Week 1 Introduction August 24 Preparation: Hanson 2005a v Kovacs 2013 In-class: introductions v review of the syllabus August 26 Preparation: Homer, Iliad 1.1-15 v Herodotus, Histories 1.1-1.5 v Thucydides, Histories 1.1-1.23 Week 2 Athens and Sparta: Two Paradigms of the Greek Polis August 29 Preparation: Herodotus 1.59-64 and 5.56-69 v Aristotle, Constitution of Athens 1-23 v Plutarch, Solon In-class: quiz 1 deadline to add/ drop class August 31 Preparation: Herodotus, 1.65-70 and 6.52-60 v Xenophon, Constitution of the Lacedaemonians v Plutarch, Lycurgus September 2 Preparation: Lendon 19-36 Week 3 The Persian Wars and the Struggle for Hegemonia (490-479 BCE) September 5 Preparation: Herodotus, 6.94-124 and 7.1-11 v Plutarch, Themistocles (c. 1-7) v Lendon 36-40 In-class: speaking assignment 1 September 7 Preparation: Herodotus, 7.139-239 v Plutarch, Themistocles (c. 8-15) September 9 Preparation: Herodotus, 8.40-124, 8.140-144, and 9.6-14 Week 4 A Friendship of Equals? (479-462 BCE) September 12 Preparation: Herodotus, 9.19-32 and 9.51-88 v Plutarch, Themistocles (c. 16-32) In-class: quiz 2 September 14 Preparation: Thucydides, 1.89-103 v Plutarch, Cimon September 16 Preparation: Plutarch, Pericles (c. 3-11) v Lendon 40-55 7 Week 5 The First Peloponnesian War (461-446 BC) September 19 Preparation: Thucydides, 1.103-108 v Lendon 59-69 In-class: speaking assignment 2 September 21 Preparation: Thucydides, 1.108-115 v Lendon 69-79 September 23 Preparation: Plutarch, Pericles (c. 12-23) Week 6 Thirty Years Peace (446-431 BCE) Note that the Wed/Fri classes have been rescheduled for Tues/Wed; time TBA September 26 Preparation: Thucydides, 1.115-118 v Lendon 79-90 In-class: quiz 3 September 28 Preparation: Plutarch, Pericles (c. 23-29) v Thucydides, 1.24-45 September 30 Preparation: Thucydides, 1.46-1.88 v Lendon 90-105 Final presentation prompts distributed Week 7 Case Studies of Sieges: Plataea and Mytilene (431-427 BCE) Meet with me to brainstorm final presentation topic October 3 Preparation: Thucydides, 2.1-2.65 v Plutarch, Pericles (c. 30-39) In-class: speaking assignment 3 October 5 Preparation: Thucydides, 3.1-50 v Sophocles, Oedipus Tyrannos (v. 1-862) October 7 Preparation: Thucydides, 3.52-68 v Sophocles, Oedipus Tyrannos (v. 863- 1530) Week 8 Case Studies of Generals: Cleon and Brasidas (426-421 BCE) Meet with me to brainstorm final presentation topic October 10 Preparation: Thucydides, 4.1-41 v Aristophanes, Knights (p. 31-59) October 12 Preparation: Thucydides, 4.66-88 v Aristophanes, Knights (p. 60-89) October 13 midterm exam October 14 Preparation: Thucydides, 4.103-135 v Plutarch, Sayings of Brasidas 8 Week 9 The Peace of Nicias (421-418 BCE) October 17 Preparation: Thucydides, 5 (entire book) v Plutarch, Alcibiades (c. 1-15) fall break, no class October 19 fall break, no class October 21 fall break, no class Week 10 The Sicilian Expedition (417-414 BCE) October 24 Preparation: Thucydides, 6.1-31 v Plutarch, Nicias (c. 1-14) In-class: quiz 4 October 26 Preparation: Thucydides, 6.43-53 and 6.60-88 v Plutarch, Alcibiades (c. 16-21) October 28 Preparation: Thucydides 6.89-105 and 7.1-18 v Plutarch, Nicias (c. 15- 19) deadline to drop class with ‘W’ Week 11 Ionian Revolt and the 400 Oligarchs (413-411 BCE) October 31 Preparation: Thucydides, 7.21-77 v Plutarch, Nicias (c. 20-26) In-class: speaking assignment 4 November 2 Preparation: Thucydides, 7.78-87 and 8.1-2 v Plutarch, Nicias (c. 26-30) November 4 Preparation: Thucydides, 8.63-109 v Plutarch, Alcibiades (c. 22-26) Week 12 Death on the Seas: Cyzicus, Notium, and Arginusae (410-406 BCE) November 7 Preparation: Xenophon, Hellenica 1.1-2 v Plutarch, Alcibiades (c. 27-35) In-class: quiz 5 November 9 Preparation: Xenophon, Hellenica 1.3-5 November 11 Preparation: Xenophon, Hellenica 1.6-7 v Plutarch, Lysander (c. 1-7) deadline to submit 1 page presentation outline or introduction 9 Week 13 The Thirty Tyrants (405-404 BCE) November 14 Preparation: Xenophon, Hellenica 2.1-2 v Plutarch, Lysander (c. 8-15) In-class: speaking assignment 5 November 16 Preparation: Xenophon, Hellenica 2.3 v Plutarch, Lysander (c. 16-22) November 18 Preparation: Xenophon, Hellenica 2.4 v Week 14 Retribution and Amnesty (404-399 BCE) November 21 Preparation: Lysias, Against Eratosthenes v Plato, Apology 17a-35d In-class: quiz 6 November 23 Thanksgiving break, no class November 25 Thanksgiving break, no class Week 15 Conclusions and Presentations November 28 Preparation: Plato, Apology 35e-42a v Herodotus 3.80-83 v Hanson 2005b In-class: speaking assignment 6 November 30 Preparation: final presentations December 2 Preparation: final presentations Week 16 Presentations Continued December 5 Preparation: final presentations December 7 reading day, no class December 9 exam week, no class 10