(PDF) Полемика о длительности доминирова

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ApTaMOHOBa (1898-1972) 5 . 3HaneHHe ƏTHX pa6oT 3aKJiıoHaeTca B TOM, HTO OHH o6o3HaHHJiH Kane- CTBeHHblH BOflOpa3^ejl B H3yneHHH HCTOpHH x a 3 a p H nOCJiy>KHJIH CBOe- o6pa3HbiM (j)HJibTpoM fljıa npeaujecTByıomcH HayHHOH JiHTepaTypbi o xa3apax. B HHX 6biJiH no^BeAeHbi HTOTH rıpe;ibiflyiHHX HCCJieflOBaHHH H c(|)opMy.THpoBaHbi npo6jıeMbi, ocTaıouTHeca Ha noBecTKe AHa. K (J)yH^aMeHTajibHbiM pa3pa6oTKaM BonpocoB xa3apoBe,aeıiHa M.H. ApTaMOHOB npHCTynHJi HaMHoro paHbiue CBoero SpHTaHCKoro nponc- KOJiJierH. n p n n e M , e r o n p H 6 j i H > K e H H e K H C T o p H o r p a ( j ) H H x a 3 a p xoflHJio 0;iH0BpeMCHH0 e flByx njıaTtjropM: AäHHbix no^HHMaıomeHca xa3apcKOH apxeojıorHH H C no3HHHH n n c b M e H H b i x HCTOHHHKOB. Be3- ycjıoBHQ, apxeojıorna 6bijıa Hanöojıee CHJibHOH CTOPOHOH B H j y - ı e n H H 17 CPKAHEBEKOBMH BOGTOK: npotiıeMM ucmopuozpafuıı u ucmmHukoeedeuua HCTOpHH x a 3 a p M . H . ApTa.MOUOBBıM, KOTOpblH 6bIJI 3 a H H H a T e j ı e M H p y - KOBOAHTejıeM apxeojıorHHecKHx p a c K o n o K xa3apcKHX o G t e K T O B B npe^BOCHHbifi H nocT-BüCHHbiH nepHO/ibi B HCTopHH CoBeTCKoro Coıo- 3a. M . H . A p T a M O H O B a MO>KHO H a 3 B a T b o T K p b m a T e j ı e M xa3apcKO0 a p x e o - j ı o r H H H, n o K a e m e , HENPEB30HFLEHHBIM e e MarncTpoM. B 1 9 2 9 r . M H - x a r a H r u ı a p H O H O B H H 3 a B e p n i H J i CBOH n e p B b i H C O J I H ^ H H H T p y / ı o xa3a- pax - «CpeflHeBeKOBbic noceJieHHa 6 H a HH/KHCM / ] , O H y » . T j ı a B H b i M AO- CTiüKeHHeM p a S o T b i , N P E / ı o n p e / ı e . T H BUI H M H a a o j ı r n e roflbi pa3BHTHe xa3apcKOH apxeojıorHH, 6 b u ı a H^eHTHC^HKauHn apxeojıorHnecKHx Haxo- /I,OK JIeBo6epe>KHoro I^HMJIHHCKOTO r o p o z i M u ı a c xa3apcKHM r o p o A O M C a p K e J I , ynOMHHaBIHHMCa BH3aHTHHCKHM aBTOpOM KOHCTaHTHHOM BarpüHopoflHbiM. 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MO>KHO npe/ıııojıaraTb, HTO aBTop CTpeMHJica CHaTb H3 xapaKTepncTHKH xa3ap KaKHe-6bi TO HH 6BIJIO no- jiHTHnecKHe accoHHaHHH TOTO B p e M e H H , KOTOpbie He ^aBajiH 6bi eMy B03M0>KH0CTb aflCKBaTHO ı ı p e f l c r a B H T b 3 H a n e H H e xa3apcKoro K a r a H a T a B H C T o p H H BOCTOHHOH E B p o n b i H P y C H . HecMOTpa Ha yBa>KHTejibH0-KpHTHHecK0e OTHomeHHe M . H . ApTa- MOHOBa K KHHre flyraaca ^aHJiona, a TaıoKe M H o r o H H C J i e H H b i e pacxo>K- ^eHHa no pa^y BonpocoB xa3apcKOH HCTopHorpa(|)HH, o6a aBTopa ÖHJIH Zi;0B0JibH0 cojınaapHbi B K p y n H b i x o6o6meHHax CBOHX Hccjıe^oBaHHH H, npoK^e Bcero, B onpc^ejıeıiHH BceMHpHO-HCTopHHecKon pojiH xa3ap- CKoro rocy^apcTBa. OHH CMOTpeJiH Ha Xa^apnto H ee 0TH0meHHa c Apa6cKHM xaJiH(j)aTOM CKB03b npH3My 3a^aHH c;ıep>KHBaHHH 3KcnaHCHH HCJiaMa B MHpe. B ƏTOM o6a aBTopa ycMaTpHBajiH no3HTHBHyıo pojib x a 3 a p B H C T o p H H 1 4 . 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Hapa/ıy c TeM, HTO MHeHHa 06 O6III,HX HTorax apa6o-xa3apcKHX CTOJlKHOBeHHH, B UejlOM, He o6Hapy>KHBajlH ÖOJIblHHX paCXO>KHeHHH, / l e rajiM CO6MTHH H n p o T H B o 6 o p c T B a H a n p o T a > K e H H H 6 o j ı e e n e M n o j ı y - TOpacTOJieTHHX apa6o-xa3apcKHX BOHH 6BIJIH H ocTaıoTca npe/iMeTOM AHCKyccHH. B o e H H O - n o j i H T H H e c K a a CHTyauna H a KD>KHOM K a B K a 3 e , B HaCTHOCTH, B ÄJlÖaHHH, ee nOJIHTHHeCKHH CTaTyC H nO/IHMHCHHOCTb M o r y m e c T B e H H b i M c o c e / j a M Ha rore H Ha ceBepe H a x o / ı a T c a B HHCjıe Ta- KHX o6cy>ı</ıacMbix npo6jıeM. B npoMe>KyTKe Me>Koy 0CH0BHbiMH uy6JIHKauMXMH M.H. ApTaMO- HOBa o xa3apax a3ep6aH/ı>KaHCKHH BocTOKOBejı 3HH MycaeBHH ByHHaTOB onyƏjiHKOBan CBOIO CTaTbio « 0 /uiHTejibiıocTH npe6biBaHHa xa3ap B A J I - 6aHHH B V I I - V I I I BB.». B ueH OH o ö p a T H j ı BHHMaHHe Ha pacxo>K/ıeuHe MHeHHH HCCJieaoBaTCJieM o /uiHTejibHOCTH n o j i H T H H e c K o r o rocno/ıcTBa xa3ap B AjıöaHHH H cıjıopMyjiHpoBajı flHCKyccuoHHbiH Bonpoc, npoTHBo- JiHuib T p e x j ı e r a e M n p e 6 b i - n o c T a B H B MHeHHe M . H . A p T a M O H O B a o B c e r o BAHHH xa3ap Ha IO>KHOM KaBKa3e UO3HUHH A . E . KpbiMCKoro, KOTOPBIH r o B o p ı u ı , HTO xa3apbi, VTBep/iHBUiHCb 3/ıecb B n e p B O H HeTBepTH V I I BeKa, upo/ıcp>KajiHCb B np0THB0CT0aHHH c a p a ö a M H euı,e uejıoe CTOJieTHe17. KaBKa3CK0H Ajı6aHHH, TeppHTopHH HbiHeuiHeH A3ep6aÖA>KaHCKOH Pec- ny6jiHKH, Bbinan ;ıajıeKO He caMbrä JiyHiıiHH rnaHC B CHCTeMe OTHOıneHHH Xa3apHH c BHeııiHHM MHpoM. ƏTa 6buıa aBaHcueHa CTOJIKHOBCHHH Xa3a- pHH c HOBOH cynepaep>KaBOH H HOBBIM KyjibTypHbiM MHpoM HCJiaMa, HTO 06yCJ10BHJ10 HeyCTOHHHBOCTb BOeHHO-nOJIHTHHeCKOH CHTyaHHH H npe- IiaTCTBOBajIO nOJlHTHHeCKOH KOI ıCOJıM/iaUHM B 3TOH HaCTH IO>KHOrO K a B - Ka3a Ha npoTa>KeHHH, KaK MHHHMyM, nojıyropa CTOJICTHH CO BpeMeHH n o a B j ı e H H a a p a 6 o B . 3 n a B y H H a T O B n o c T y j i H p o B a j ı H oTCTaHBan CBOH B H - BOfl 0 npaKTHHeCKH H e n p e p b l B H O M nOJIHTHHeCKOM flOMHHHpOBaHHH xa- 20 C.PKAHFBEKOBMH BOCTOK: I IpoiiıeMu ucmopuozpaf.uu u ucmmmKoeedemn 3ap B apaooB B ƏTOM p e r n o H e B n j ı o T b JIO K O H i j a A n ö a H H H OT NOABJIEHHFL Bcero, o6paTHJi BHHMAHHE Ha CBH^ETEJIBCTBA a p a ö - V I I I B. O H , n p e a c f l e CKHX HCTOHHHKOB o npeoöjıaflaHHH xa3ap HaroreOT Eojibmoro KaBKa3- CKoro xpeÖTa eme /ıo COÖMTHH HX COBMECTHON c BH3aHTHHuaMH KaMna- HHH npoTHB CacaHHfioB B 6 2 7 - 6 2 8 rr. 3TH CBHjıe'IEJIBC'rBa VBO/IHT BO BpeMeHa npaBJieHHa maxHHmaxa KaBa.ua ( 4 8 8 - 4 9 6 H 4 9 8 - 5 3 L ) ı S . XOTH OHH H COXpaHHJIHCb B TpyflaX 3BTOpHTeTHbIX HCTOpHKOB, Bce >Ke ynOMH- HaHHfl o BOHHax xa3ap c KaBa/ıoM H 06 HX BbiTecHeHHH 3a ^epocHT H e 0 f l H 0 3 H a H H 0 npHHHMaJIHCb Ha Bepy, nOCKOJIbKy BH3aHTHHCKHe HCTOH- HHKH n p H yKa3aHHH Ha 3TH >Ke coöbiTHsı ynoMHHajiH He x a 3 a p , a caBHp 1 9 . YnOMHHaiIHH Xa3apCKHX BTOp>KeHHH H HX npHCyTCTBHH Ha lore OT Eojibmoro KaBKa3a, TaKHM 06pa30M, CHHTaıiHCb aHaxp0HH3M0M20 H pac- CKa3aMH, 3 a M e m a B m H M H C B e f l e H H a 06 Hiibix K o n e B H H K a x - npeame- CTBeHHHKax xa3ap B 3TOM perHOHe. 3aBH3aBmaaca nojıeMHKa H M e j ı a npoaojı>KCHHe nocjıe Bbixo/ıa « H C T O - PHH xa3ap» M.H. ApTaMOHOBa. npHMeHaıejibno, HTO M.H. ApTaMOHOB He BKJIIOHHJI B CBOK) KHHry apryMeHTau,Hio o Bcero jiHmb TpexneTHeM roc- noflCTBe xa3ap B 3aKaBKa3be nocjıe BoeHHOH KaMnaHHH 628 r., HO, B M e c T e c TeM, oTO3Banca Ha Bbmo^bi 3.M. EymıaTOBa, ocnopHB npe/ıCTaBJienıibie HM (jjaKTbi paccejıeHHa xa3ap H HX BoeHHoro npHcyrcTBHa KaK /ıoı<a3a- TejibCTBa HX nojiHTHHecKoro /joMHHHpoBaHHa B AnöaHHH: «Xa3apcK0My rocy/ıapcTBy TOJIBKO Hiior.ua H npHTOM Ha KopoTKoe BpeMa y/ıaBanocb no- cTaBHTb B 3aBHCHM0CTb BCK) AjıöaHHio HJIH JiHmb ee HaCTb»21. O / i H a K o OCO6HHKOM CTOHT paccKa3 BecbMa H H c j ı o p M H p o B a H H o r o o KaBKa3CKHX aejıax p a H H e r o H C T o p H K a a j ı - H a K y ö n : « X a 3 a p b i rocnojjCTBO- B3JIH HaJ\ BCeH CTpaHOH ApMHHHeH, Ha/J HHMH H a p b , KOTOpOrO 3 0 B y T Xa- raH, a y uapa 3aMecTHTejib ( x a j i H f J j a ) , K O T o p o r o 30Byr H a 3 H / ı Eajıam H KOTOpbiH n p a B H T Ha,T AppaHOM, /J/i<yp3aH0M, İ5ac(|)yp/ı>KanoM H ac- CHCHCTaHOM, T.e. oÖJiacTaMH, H a 3 b i B a B i u H M H c a HeTBcpTOH ApMHHHen, KOTopyıo 3aBoeBajı nepcn/ıcKHH u a p h Kaea/ı H ocTaBHJi X o c p o B y A H y - mHpBaHy ... noTOM 3aBJia/ıejiH xa3apbi TeM, Ha/ı neM rocno/ıcTBOBajiH 22 n e p c b i H Bjıa/ıejıH ƏTHM noKa He o/ıojıejiH HX BH3aHTHHiı,bi» . A B T O P oııpe/jejıeıiHO HMejı B BH/ıy x a 3 a p , n o c K o n b K y HMeHHO HM ÖHJI npncym HHCTHTyT 3aMecTHTejıa xaraHa. Cjıe/ıycT TaıoKe oTMeTHTb ynoTpeöjıeHHe reorpa<j)HHecKoro Ha3BaHHa ApMHHHİıa apa6cKHM aBTopoM /jjıa o 6 o 3 H a - HeHHa Bcex oƏjıacTeö IO>KHoro KaBKa3a, BKjuonaa AjıöaHHio (ap-PaH) H rpy3Hio (/I>Kyp3aH). Ha ƏTO TaıoKe oöparajı BHHMaHHe 3.M. EyHHaTOB. 21 CPKA İBBEKOBblf I BOCTOK: npo&w*bt uımopmzpağım u uommuKimdenm O H OTMETHJI, HTO uejıeHHe lOacHoro KaBKa3a Ha neTbipe n a c r a H nopau,- K0B0e o6o3HaneHHe nacTefi NOU O6IH,HM H33BaHHeM 6biJio ocymecTBjıeHO CACAHHUAMH B nepBofi NOJIOBHHE I V B. AJIH yuoöcTBa ajıM HI IHCTPHpoBa- HH323. Pa36Hpa>I 3TO CBH/ieTejIbCTBO, J\. /JaiIJIOIT BCe->KC BbICKa3aJIC3 co- MHHTeJIbHO O B03M0>KH0CTH yHaCTHH HMeHHO Xa3ap B 3THX COÖblTHflX 6opb6bi 3a IO>ı<HbiH KABKA3, nocKonbKy CHHT3JI, HTO B cjıe/ıyıomeM, y>Ke 6ojıee HeocnopHMOM CBHjıe rejTBCTBE o xa3apax Ha KaBKa3e, a HMeHHo B ııepno/ı HX coBMecTHofi c HMnepaTopoM HpaıoiHeM aHra-cacaHimcKofi BoeHHofi KaMnaHHH B nepBofi T p e r a V I I B., OHH BbicTynaıOT KaK no/JHH- HeHHoe ııo/ıpa3;TejıeHHe B cocTaBe 3ana/iHO-TiopKCKoro KaraHaTa, H n o - TOMy, CHHTaeT /J./JaHJion. ynoMHHaHHe xa3apcKoro npe/TBO/iHreJiM c ra- TyjıoM xaraH He MOTJIO 6biTb n p H c y m e xa3apaM BnjıoTb a o KpymeHHH 3aı la/iHO-ı ıopKCKoro KaraHaTa npHMepHO B 6 5 7 r. 2 4 TaKHM 0Öpa30M, x a - raH Mor 6biTb npaBHTejıeM He xa3ap, a HHOFO oo'be/THHeıiHH TIOPKCKHX nneMeH ryHHCKoro HJIH HHane /ı,oxa3apcKoro MaccHBa. Hepci Tpn ro/ıa nocjıe Bbixo/ra KHHra M . H . ApTaMOHOBa B CBOCH M0H0rpa(J)HH «A3ep6aH/T>KaH B V I I - I X BB.» 3HH BVHHJITOB nonojiHiuı noCJTe/ıoBaTCjtbHbıH p>ıy cjıaKT OB o npeoojıa/ıaHHH xa3apcKoro nojiHTHHe- cKoro BJIHHHHH B Ajı6aHHH. noKa3aTejibHofi 6 b m a nojiHTHKa npaBHTejıa Ajı6aHHH H3 po/ıa MnxpaHH/ıoB KHfl3fl /]/KäBaııiTTHpa, nbiTaBinerocfl co- xpaHHTb CBOK) BJiacTb Ha/T cıpaHofi 3a cjıy>K6y n o c/ıep>KHBaHHTO xa3ap- CKoro npoHHKHOBeHHH c ceBepa. nocTOHHHbie ııoxo/ibi, peryjıapHO B3H- MaeMaa /laHb c Mecrabix npaBHTeJiefi n03B0JiHJiH c/jejıaTb BbiBO/T o npaK- THHeCKH HenpepblBHOM /TOMHITHpOBaHHH Xa3ap Ha/T Ajl6aHHefi B npoTH- BOCTOflHHH C apaÖCKHM XajIH(|)aTOMflOKOHHa V I I I B. 2 5 Tpy/],HOCTb O/THO- 3HaHHOrO npHHflTHfl CBH/ieTeJIbCTB apaÖCKHX HCTOHHHKOB o paHHeM npH- CYTCTBHH xa3ap HA IO>KHOM K a B K a 3 e 3AKJTIOHAETCFL B TOM, HTO HX HCTOH- HHKOM 6bIJia HpaHCKafl HCTOpHHeCKafl Tpa/I,HHHfl, H apaÖCKHC aBTOpbl 6bl- JIH yace BTOPHHHHMH npe/ıaTHHKaMH HH(|)opMaıjHH. Cne/ı,OBaTejibHO, K HX HHTepnpeTaHHH CBe/jeHHH MOTJIO npHMeuiHBaTbCfl coöcTBeHHoe Bocnpn- flrae CHTyaHHH B p e r a o H e H peajiHH, c KOTOPHMH npHUijıocb CTOJiKHyTb- cfl caMHM apa6aM-MycyjibMaHaM. HepeuıeHHbiM ocTaeTca Bonpoc A O C T O - BepHocTH H3Becrafi apMHHCKHx HCTOPHKOB o npoHHKHOBeHHH xa3ap Ha IO>KHbifi KaBKa3, Hanöojıee paHHee H3 KOTOpbix, npHHa/ı,jıe>Kaıuee aBTop- CTBy MoBceca XopeHaıjH, yTBep>K/],aeT o nepBOM xa3apcKOM BTop>KeHHH B o6jıacra npaBo6pe>Kbfl Kypbi eıue B KOHue II B.26 ApMflHCKHe H nep- CHTCKHe HCTOHHHKH (B apaöcKofi ncpe/ıaHe), TaKHM 06pa30M, cojıımapHbi 22 CPEAHEBEKOBbLM BOCTOK: TipoCueMbt ucmopuozpafm u ucmoHuuKoeedeHun B TOM, HTO x a 3 a p b l ÖbljTM MOLUHblM nOJIHTHHeCKHM H BOeHHblM OÖbeflM- HEHHEM 3aAOJiro jto Toro, KAK HX NPHCYTCTBHE B K)>KHOM KABKA3E 6bmo HaueacHO 3 a c B n u c T e j ı b c r B O B a n o apaöcKMMH aBTopaMH B nepBOH nojıo- BHHE V I I B. H a M NPEUCTABJIAETCA, HTO CY/KJJEHHE o A 0 C T 0 B E P ı I 0 C T H ƏTHX paHHHx CBHflCTeTbCTB ocTaııeTca Tpy/Hiopa3peuıHMOH 3a;ıaLieH JJO Tex n o p , noKa He 6yaeT HcnepnbiBaıoıue 0xapaKTepH30BaHa CBH3b x a 3 a p c K O - r o 3THOCa C ryHHO-TIOpKCKOH 3THO-nOJIHTHHeCKOH CpeflOH, UpCfJUICCTBO- BaBiueH noHBJieHHio Ha KaBKa3e BOHCK 3anajiHO-T iopKCKoro KaraHaTa, c KOTOPBIM H cBH3biBaıOT Hanajıo HCTOPHH X a 3 a p c K o r o rocy/TapcT Ba HauiH Hanöojıee Ha/joKHbie HHcjropMaTopbi. ECJIH OTCTaBHTb B CTOpOHy (JiyH/iaMeHTaJIbHblH Bonpoc ƏTHHHeCKOH H/jeHTHHHOCTH H nepBoro noHBJieHHH xa3ap Ha KaBKa3e, TO B HHCJie /ıo- nojiHHTejibHbix apryMeHTOB B HOBOH KHHre 3HH MycaeBHHa EyHHHTOBa o joapaocKOM npeoöJia/jaHHH xa3ap B perHOHe ecTb yKa3aHHe Ha O/JHO cBH/ıeTejibCTBo, KOTopoe HaM xoTejıocb 6bi pa3o6paTb no/ıpoÖHee. Oc- HOBbiBancb Ha TeKCTe aT-Ta6apH, 3.M.EyHHflTOB yKa3biBajı, HTO no co- ce/ıcTBy c A3ep6aHfl,>KaHOM 6bijıa CTpaHa xa3ap, KOTopyıo Hacejifljı «Hapo/r, Cyjı». nocKOJibKy «Cyjı» npe/r,jıarajıocb OTO>K/ıecTBHTb co «CTpaHofi L[oı a» HJIH «ropo/ıoM Hora» (Hopa), ynoMHHaeMbiMH apMHiı- CKHMH HCTOHHHKaMH B 6 j I H 3 H flepÖeHTa, TO COOTBeTCTBeHHO H 3TO CBH- /jeTejibCTBO aT-Ta6apH TOJI>I<HO 6biJio cjıy>KHTb uoKa3aTejibCTBOM non- Horo KOHTpojifl xa3ap ııa?ı AjıöaHHefi - CTpaHOH K ceBepy OT npoBHH- HHH A3ep6aHT>KaH, npocTHpaBineHca a o ^ E P Ö E H T A 2 7 . B uejıOM TOHHO TaK >Ke HHTepnpeTHpoBajı cooöıueHHe ar-'J aöapH H /J,. /JaH.ıorı: cTpaHa xa3ap cocejıCTByeT c A3ep6aH/ı>KaHOM, H AHyuiHpBaH HMCJI ,ae.rıo c Hapo/joM Cyjı - "BHe coMHeHHfl, HacejıeHHeM BOCTOHHOH OKOHCHHOCTH KaBKa3a B coceucTBe c «npoxojıo\ı Cyjıa»" 2 8 . H /ıeHCIBHTCJTb11o, aT- T a 6 a p n coo6ıuaeT HecKOJibKO fleTajıeM a/iMHHUCTpaTHBHOH pecjıopMbi XocpoBa AHyuiHpBaHa, KOTOpbie KaK 6y/iTO /jaıoT 0CH0BaHHe AJIA TaKO- r o 3aKJiıOHeHHfl: «BjıacTb (ucnaxöa3a), a ƏTO ynpaBJieHHe BOHCKOM, 6bi- JIO /ıo e r o (AHyuiHpBaHa - A.O. ) npaBJieHHH B pyKax o/ıııoro nejıOBeKa, H eMy npHHa/ı,Jie>Kajıa BCH BJiacTb (ucnax6a3a). Kucpa pa3/ıejiHJi ƏTO npaBjıeHHe (eunaüam) H ƏTO 3BaHHe ( M a p m a ö a m ) Me>K/ı,y neTbipbMH ucnax6a3cmu: Hcnax6a3 ajı-MaıupHKa, a ƏTO XopacaH H npHjıeı aıoıuHe [oÖJiacTH]; Hcnax6a3 ajı-Marpnöa; Hcnax6a3 HHMpy^a, a ƏTO CTpaHbi HeMeHa; H Hcnax6a3 A3ep6aH/ı>KaiTa H npHjıeraıoıUHX o6jıacTefi, a 3TO CTpaHa xa3ap c ee o6jıacTAMH»29. TaKHM 06pa30M, o6jıacTH KaBKa3CKoiı 23 CPEAHEBEKOBblH BOCTOK: YIpoÖAeMU ucmopuozpafuu u ucmomuKoeedeuus AjlÖaHHH HJIH COBpeMeHHOH A3Cp6aH/I>KailCKOH P e C n y Ö J I H K H a^MHHH- CTpaTHBHO BXOflHJIH B UeHTpajIbHyiO CeBepHyiO HeTBepTb /ICp>KaBbI A H y H I H p B a H a H, l i p n ^TOM, ƏTH 3eMJIH UeHCTBHTejIbllO Ha3BaHbI CTpaHOH xa3ap H npHJieraıomHX oSjıacTefi. 0/maKO, nenocpc/ıcTBeHHO B ƏTOM M e c T e TeKCTa a T - T a ö a p n H e C K a 3 a H o o TOM, HTO 3TH 3 e M j i H ÖBIJIH 3 a c e - j ı e H b i H a p 0 / ı , 0 M C y j ı . Hejib3>ı H e 3 a M e T H T b T a ı o K e np0THB0peHHB0CTH /iByx yTBep>K/ıeıiHH, HTO oSjıacra, npnjıeraıomHe K BoeHHo- a/jMHHHCTpaTHBHOMy OKpyry (uc6ax6a3) A3ep6afi/pKaH - ƏTO C T p a H a x a 3 a p , K O T o p a a , o / ı n a K O , 3 a c e j ı e H a HeH3BecrabiM Hapo/ıovı C y j ı . C j ı e / ı y - e T n O B T O p H T b , HTO p e H b H/ieT 0 6 OÖHIHpHblX T e p p H T O p H H X H e H T p a J I b H O - r o H HH>KHero T e n e H H a K y p b i H ApaKca H / ı a . a c e H a c e B e p /10 / J e p ö e H T a . KpoMe Toro, ecjiH cpaBHHBaTb əraHHecKoe o6o3HaneHHe «napo/ı C y j ı a » c H o r a HJIH Mop B apMKHCKHX HCTOHHHKax, TO nocjıe/iHee Bccr/ıa r e o - rpa(J)HHeCKHH TepMHH, HO He 3THOHHM. Hapou Cyjı ynoMHHyT aT-Ta6apH B KOHTeKCTe pexjıopM AHyuiHp- BaHa HecKOJibKO HH^ce nocjıe Toro, KaK coo6majıocb 06 VCHJIHHX AHy- uiHpBaHa no ycMHpeHHio oöjıacTefi, OTJIO>ICHBIIIHXCH OT HMnepHH B ne- pHO/ı npaBJieHHH KaBa.ua. LLIaxHHUıax 3aHHJica ocııauıeıiHeM H yKpen- jıeHHeM BOHCKa H ycHJieHHeM Mep 6e3onacHocra CTpaHbi. 3aHOBO no- KopeHHbie napo/ibi öbiJiH nacraHHO HCTpeöJieıibi, a nacTHHHO nepecejıe- HH B HHbie oÖJiacra. H BOT B HHCJie HacejıeHHH, no/tBeprayBinerocH ƏTHM MepaM H 6buı ynoMHiıyT Hapo/ı Cyjı. A B T O P aHrjiHHCKoro nepeBO- /La 3TO0 HacTH « H C T O P H H aT-Ta6apH» K . Ə . EOCBOPT, KOMMeHrapyn /laHHoc coo6ıueHHe, CBH3bmaeT ero c ynoMHHaHHeM Hapo/ıa Cyjı B K»K- HO-npHKacnH0cKofi o6jıacra /I>Kyp/ı>KaH. TaM >Ke OH yKa3bmaeT Ha TO, HTO npoxo/ı Cyjı - 3TO nyTb, nepe3 KOTopwfi KOHCBHHKH npoHHKanH Ha HpaHCKoe njıaTO H3 U,eHTpajibHofi A 3 H H '°. BoceMb/ıecHT 3Harabix BOH- HOB ƏToro Hapo/ıa 6MJIH nepecejıeHbi B ropo/ı IIIaxpaM Oafipy3. JIoKa- jiH3auHH 3'roro TonoHHMa cocTaBJineT oııpeue.TeHHyıo Tpy/uıocT b. OH He ynoMHHyT HH B cnoBape HaKyra ajı-XaMaBH, HH B nepeHHCJieHHH AO- por, o6jıacTefi H HacejıeHHbix nyHKTOB B nepBOM H Hanöojıee 6JIH3KOM no BpeMeHH K o6cy>K/ı,aeMbiM coöbiraaM reorpacjiHHecKOM cnpaBOHHHKe «AJı-MacajiHK Ba ajı-MaMajiHK» H6H Xopua/ı6exa (OK. 848 r.). Copo/T, no-BH/iHMOMy, 6MJI 3ajıo>KeH B npaBJieHHe maxHHmaxa Oafipy3a (ro/ibi npaBjıeHHa: 4 5 9 - 4 8 4 ) , HacKOJibKO MO>KHO cy/ıuTb no ero H33BaHHio. H jie HCTBHTCJTbHo, aT-Ta6apH B /ıpyroM MecTe coxpaHHJi KpaTKoe, HO oneHb ueıiHoe coo6meHHe, npoHCHHiomee CBH3b Hapo/ja Cyjı c Ajıöa- 24 1 CH'KAf • KBHK'OBWH' B t ) < ) K Tlpo6.\£MU ucmtpmzpmpuu u ucm0><uuK0tM()mu HHeM H xa3apcKOH rpaHHHeö: «ITo npHKa3y Oaöpy3a B6JIH3H ap- PaHÖa31 6buı nocTpoeH ropo/ı. nojıyHHBHiHH Ha3BaHHe PaM Oaöpy3, a MOK/ıy /l>Kypa>KaHOM H npoxo/ıoM Cyjıa (6a6 Cyn) - upyroH ropou, KOTopwM Ha3BanH PymaH Oaöpy3, a TaıoKe B oöjıacra (HaxHÖa) A3ep- öaH/i/KaH - ropo/ı, Ha3BaınibiH IIIaxpaM Oafipy3» 32 . TaKHM 0Öpa30M, KaK MO>KHO cy^HTb no CBCJICHHJIM aT-Ta6apn, Xo- cpoB AHyiHHpBaH B xo/ıc Mep no yKpenjıeHHio 6e3onacHocra rpaHHH CTpaHbi nepecejiHJi nacTb napofla Cyjı H3 /],/Kyp/ı>KaHa B OTCTpoeHHbiiı BO BpeMeHa Oafipy3a ropo/ı B BOCHiıo-a/iMHHHCıpaTHBnoH o6jıacra A3ep6aH;i/KaH. KaK M H MOTJIH yöeuHTbca, coraacHO HOBOMy a/IMHIIH- CTpaTHBHOMy AejıeHHio, A3ep6afiu>KaHy nouHHHHJiacb rıorpaHHHHaa oÖJiacTb AjıöariHa, Ha ceBepHbix py6e>Kax KOTopofi XocpoB CTan B03B0- flHTb cjıopracjDHKaHHOHHbie coopy>KeHHH, KpafiHefi BOCTOHHOÖ OKOuen- HOCTbK) KOTopbix 6bijıa 3HaMeHHTaa /Iep5eıiTCKaa cTeHa. 3.M. ByHHa- TOB NPHBOUHT COAEP>KAıIHE HAUNHCH H a /(EP6EHTCKOÜ CTEHE, CBHAE- TCJIbCTBVIOLUee O TOM, HTO CTpOHTeJIbCTBO B03rjiaBJiaJI0Cb C6OpıııHKOM nouaTefi H maBofi rocyTapci Beııııoro cTpoHTejibCTBa A3ep6afi/pKaHa33. r o p o u Cyjıa HJIH Mora apMaHCKHX HCTOHHHKOB, pacnojıarajıca HeMHoro ıo>Kiıee. Ebuı JIH ropo/ı Hora TeM >Ke yKpenjıeHHeM, KOTopoe HanajiH CTpoHTb npn Oafipy3e, H Ky/Ta AHYUIHPBAH nepecejiHjı nacTb ııapo;ıa Cyjıa? BecbMa Bepoarao, HTO TAK OHO H 6bmo. 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CoBpeMeHHaa HCCJiejı,OBaTejibHHHa, coTpyjniHua Ka3aHCKoro Oe^epajibHoro YHHBepcHTeTa Hypna fapaeBa ııojıpoono HCcaejıoBa.ıa HCTOHHHKH ajı-KycJ)H. HecMOTpa Ha jıeHCTBHTe.ibiıo nojıyjıereımapHbiH xapaKTep HeKOTopwx CBejıeHHH ajı-Ky<J)H o BOHHax apaöoe c xa3apaMH, TeM He MeHee, aHanH3 HCTOHHHKOB jıajı B03M0>KH0CTb HCCJie,ıoBaTe.ibiiH- ue yTBep>ı<aaTb, HTO ^ e p o e m MOT nepeÖTH IIOJI K0HTp0Jib apa6oB TOJIBKO nocjıe nepejıOMHbix co6biraH noxojıa MapBaHa 6. MyxaMMa/ja 737 r., KOı a a öyqymHH H rıocjıejiHHH oMaHiıaJICKHH xajıncJ) npopBajıca B Xa3a- pnıo nepe3 /JAPBA.ibCKHH rıpoxojı HJIH AjıaHCKHe BopoTa B HeHTpanbHOH nacTH Eojibmoro KaBKa3a H noflomejı K /J,epoeHTy c Tbuıa47. TaKHM o6pa- 30M, /JepÖeHJI, KOTOpblH 6bIJl KJIIOHOM K Ajl6aHHH H BCeMy IO>KHOMy KaBKa3y, /ıo ııoxojıa MapBaHa HaxoflHJica B pyKax xa3ap. 3.M. EyHHaTOB O^HHM H3 nepBbix CTaJi n0Jib30BaTbca paöoToir an- Kycj)H. HM 6biJi noAroTOBJieH ııepcBojı Ha pyccKHH a3biK H3BjıeneHHH H3 ƏToro TpyTia. 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A6/ı an-MajiHKa HMejiH aejıo c 80 T H C . xa3ap, H a x o j i H B u i H x c n BHyTpH ropo/ıa. Bjıaro/ı,apa ııpe,TaTeTbCTBy xa3apcKoro BOHHa, oyjrro 6bi no>Ke.TaBuıero n e p e Ü T H B HCJiaM, apaöaM y/ı;ajıocb B3aTb /[epöcHT. OjuıaKO ajı-Ky(J)H coo6uı;aeT, HTO cpa3y >Ke nocjıe yxo/ıa MapBaHa, xa- 3apw B e p H y j i H C b H « p a c n o j ı o > K H j i H C b B ropo,ae a ı ı - E a ö e KaK H paubiue 48 ( K y p c H B MOH - A.<D.)» . HCTOHHHKH c o o o u ı a ı o T o n O C T O a H H H X CTOJıK- H O B e H H a X MOKJiy npOTHBHHKaMH, B KOTOpblX BnJIOTb a o KpHTHHeCKOH aaTbi 637 r. Haure Bcero Bepx 6pajın xa3apbi, TaK KaK 6oeBbie acHCTBHa NPOHCXOAHTH aa>ıce He Ha noacTynax K /J,ep6eıiTy, a B o6jıacTax ıo>KHee H ceBepHee Kypbi. OCOOCHHO coKpyuiHTejibHbiM 6bm n o x o a Bapa>ı<HKa, cbiHa xa3apcKoro KaraHa, Ha ApaeÖH.ab B 730 r., 3aBepiHHBHiHHca B3a- THeM ropo/ıa H rHÖejibio rjıaBHOKOMaH/ı,yıoiHero apaöcKHM BOHCKOM ajı- /]/Kappaxa 49 . OTBeTHbie Mepbi apaooB HMejiH jiHiıib HacTHHHbiiı ycnex, H6O BHTecHHTb xa3ap 3a /(ep6eıiTCKHe BopoTa He y/ı,aBajıocb. TOT >Ke ajı-Ky(J)H c o o o u ı a e T . HTO apaöcKHH BoenanajibHHK Cau/ı ajı-XapauiH, CMeHHBiuHH norHÖuıeıo n p n Apaeönjıe ajı-/'J,>Kappaxa, BbiHy/ı,HJi xa3ap ııaHaTb OTCTynjıeHHe B CBOIO C T p a H y . MycyjibMaHe npecjıeaoBajiH HX a o IÜHpBaHa, HO OCTaHOBHJIHCb TaM50. B onHcaHHa coöbiTHH ƏTOTO nepHOAa BnjıeTaıoTca or/reabirbie HC- TOpHH, H3 KOTOpblX CJieayCT. HTO Cpe/],H HaCejieHHa MHOTHX TOpO/L,OB Haxo/ı,HJiHCb JIIO/IH, xopouıo roBopHBiuHe no-xa3apcKH. Cpe/IH ropo>KaH 6buiH H xa3apbi, KOTOpbie NPHHHMANH HCJiaM, a HeKOTOpbie H3 HHX CO- /jeiıcTBOBajiH apaöaw. CooöıuaeTca, HanpHMep, HTO B 633 HJIH 634 r. MacjıaMa 6. A6/I, an-MajiHK nocTpoHJi Meqerb /yıa xa3ap-MycyjibMaH, npo>KHBaBHiHX B /J,ep6eHTe51. ƏTH H MHorne /ıpyrne (JraKTbi n03B0JiaK)T OTMeTHTb, HTO /IO nepe- jıoMHoro MOMeHTa, rıpearıoJTo>KHTejıBııo BO BTopoiı nojıoBHHe VIII BB., C 31 CPE/\HEBEKOBM M BOÇTOK: IlpobAeMbt ucmopuozpafııu u ucmoHUUKoeedeHUH KOToporo HaHHHaeTca KynbTypHO-noJiHTHHecKoe npeoÖJia/ıaHHe HCJiaMa H apaöoB HA TeppHTopHH ııpoKHCH ÄJiSaHHH Hanöojıee BjınaTejibHbiM nOJIHTHHeCKHM (JiaKTOpOM 6bIJIH xa3apbl. n o BCeH BHflHMOCTH, ycnex apaooii no BKJHOHeHHK) npe>KHeH AjıöaHHH B nojiHTHHecKoe npocTpaH- CTBO MycyjibMaHCKoro MHpa öbuı o6yc.aoB.aen nepejıoMOM K y j i b T y p H o - pejınrH03H0H CHTyaHHH, HCJiaMH3aHHeH ropo/ıcKoro HacejıeHHa H H e B b i - HOCHMOCTblO /JBOHHOrO ÖpeMeHH /laHIIHHCCTBa, CpaÖOTaBIHHMH B nOJIb3y 0K0HHaTejibH0r0 npeoöJia/jaHHa apaooB. 3.M. EyHHaTOB, KaK HHHHHaTop /ıHCKYCCHH o aJi HTCXI B HOCI H n p e o 6 j ı a f l a H H a x a 3 a p Ha KDJKHOM KaBKa3e, 6buı HaHÖojıee NocaeaoBaTeJıbHbıM coÖHparcaeM H HccaeaoBaıeaeM CBH/^ETEJIBCTB apaocKHx HCTOHHHKOB no YKA3AHHOFI npoSjıeMe. 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