(PDF) FOOTING REPORT SHEEHANP

Peter Carl Sheehan BUSINESS NAME: OMEGA COMMERCIAL BUILDING SOLUTIONS CHIEF EXECUTIVE (CEO): PETER (PETE) SHEEHAN CHIEF BUILDER: JONATHAN MUSSELL ABN: 96 684 273 020 ADDRESS: BATESFORD RD., HOLMESGLEN VIC 3148 PHONE: +61-402-799-577 EMAIL:

HISTORY: WE ARE A NEW COMPANY BUT RUN WITH SENIOR EXPERIENCED PEOPLE WHO BRING THEIR ACUMEN AND NO-NONSENSE FRIENDLINESS AND CREATIVE EXCELLENCE TO EVERYTHING THEY DO DATE OF REGISTRATION: 1 OCTOBER 2020 BANK DETAILS: BSB: 131-140 ACCOUNT: 1220-4965 AWARDS: THE AUSTRALIAN BUSINESS AWARD: Ø 2020 – ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY Ø 2021 – SERVICE EXCELLENCE THE AUSTRALIAN CHARITY AWARD: Ø 2021 – OUTSTANDING ACHIEVEMENT Assessment Task 1 Footing Systems Report … including Project at 45 FOUNTAIN DR., NARRE WARREN VIC. (2021-present) Student Name: PETER CARL SHEEHAN Student No: 100661519 Teacher: KAREN BUTLER Submitted Date: 17 March 2023 Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 2 of 78 CONTENTS CONTENTS......................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Table of figures ................................................................................................................................................................. 6 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................................................. 7 Purpose .............................................................................................................................................. 7 Background ........................................................................................................................................ 7 Method of investigation .................................................................................................................... 8 Scope ................................................................................................................................................. 8 Piling Systems ...................................................................................... 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Step 1 - Conduct a pre-commencement site inspection to confirm analysis of the ability to lay footing systems and commence the construction of a building project. ........................................................................................................... 8 1.1 Identify the site address of the where the site inspection has been undertaken for evaluating the footing systems in accordance with plans and specifications ........................................................................ 8 1.2 Identify that the building site is vacant (untouched) with site fencing and a builders’ sign including the builders title, contact details, registered number and other information in accordance with OHS policies, legislation and workplace procedures ................................................................................................................ 9 1.3 Identify the site is correctly prepared, cleared and levelled with topsoil removed.Error! Bookmark not defined. Step 2 - Identify the earthworks, footing and slab configuration and footing systems are correctly set out in accordance with project plans and specifications. ......................................................................................................... 12 2.1 Location of hurdles or pegs are identified which indicate the location and configuration of slab and footing systems and earthworks. ................................................................................................................. 12 2.2 Identify that the excavation & placement of service pipes and communications prior to footings excavation and concrete pour are correctly placed items include; • Stormwater • Sewerage • Water Supply • Electricity • Communication ............................................................................................................................... 13 Step 3 - Identify the site classification in accordance with AS2870, establish cut and fill, excavation and compaction requirements to ensure compliance with geotechnical report ...................................................................................... 15 3.1 Soil Types and Site Classification - in accordance with and referenced to AS2870 and a geotechnical report 16 3.1.1 Soil Types (Clay, Sand, Silt) .......................................................................................................................16 3.2 Identify Site Classification as described in AS2870 and geotechnical reports ....................... 16 3.2.1 Site Classification based on Site Reactivity ................................................................................................19 3.2.2 Characteristic soil surface Movement .........................................................................................................20 3.1.4 Borehole Explorations for site classification ................................................................................................16 3.3 Normal Sites ........................................................................................................................... 21 3.4 Problem Sites (Class P) ........................................................................................................... 22 3.4.1 Cut and Fill - Controlled Fill and compaction requirements - Uncontrolled Fill ...........................................23 Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 3 of 78 3.5 Bearing Strength of Soil for Footing Types - in accordance with and reference to AS2870... 26 3.5.1 Bearing strength of footing types include Strip Footings, Pads, Slabs........................................................26 3.6 Identify the effects of the Angle of Repose (Critical Depth Line) for the structural integrity of footing systems based on soil types, cut and fill and excavation requirements– refer to Fig C6.1 AS2870 .............. 27 Step 4 Identify and outline the concrete strength and reinforcement requirements depending on the footing system and construction type which contributes to the structural integrity of specified footings is compliant with relevant clauses from Australian standards and manufacturers literature and the NCC ............................................... 29 4.1.1 Concrete strength for strip footings and pads ....................................................................... 29 4.1.2 Concrete strength for slabs .................................................................................................... 29 4.2 Concrete Cover and Reinforcement Designation - in accordance with and reference to AS2870 31 4.2.2 Slab Fabric Designation ..............................................................................................................................31 4.2.3 Trench Mesh Designation ...........................................................................................................................32 4.2.4 Straight Bars designation ............................................................................................................................32 4.2.5 Bar Chairs and Spacers ..............................................................................................................................33 4.2.6 Lapping of Fabric Reinforcement and Trench Mesh ...................................................................................33 Step 5 Analyse the building design and structural integrity of the footing systems is compliant with project plans, specifications, relevant building standards, and the Australian standard AS2870, for the following footing systems .. 34 5.1 Waffle Pod Slab - designs in accordance with and reference to Figures and Tables from AS2870 34 • Slab dimensions based on Site Class and Type of Construction....................................................................35 • Excavation.......................................................................................................................................................36 • Placement of vapour barrier ............................................................................................................................37 • Placement of waffle pods ................................................................................................................................38 • Formwork set up .............................................................................................................................................38 • Position of steel reinforcement, bar chairs and spacers for edge beams, internal rib beams and Slab..........39 • Reinforcement for re-entrant corners ..............................................................................................................39 5.2 Stiffened Raft Slab - designs in accordance with and reference to Figures and Tables from AS2870 41 • Slab dimensions based on Site Class and Type of Construction....................................................................42 • Trench/beam excavation (edge & internal beams) .........................................................................................42 • Sand bed placement – screeding & compaction .............................................................................................43 • Formwork set up .............................................................................................................................................43 • Vapour barrier/damp proof membrane ............................................................................................................44 • Position of steel reinforcement and bar chairs edge beams, internal beams and Slab ..................................44 • Reinforcement for re-entrant corners ..............................................................................................................44 5.3 Slabs with deep edge beams on fill - designs in accordance with and reference to Figures and Tables from AS2870 ............................................................................................................................................. 45 5.3.1 Block Wall construction for slabs with deep edge beams - Fig C3.3 AS2870 ................................................45 5.3.2 Core filled with reinforcement and starter bars - Referenced to Figures and Tables within ...........................46 AS2870 refer to Fig3.5 and Fig6.3 and AS2870 ......................................................................................................46 5.4 Strip Footings - designs in accordance with and reference to Figures and Tables from AS2870 and the NCC 50 Trench Excavation ...................................................................................................................................................51 Position of steel reinforcement Beams - Trench Mesh and Bar Chairs ...................................................................51 Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 4 of 78 Stepping of Strip footings.........................................................................................................................................52 Sub Floor (dwarf wall) Brickwork on strip footings ...................................................................................................53 Engaged piers..........................................................................................................................................................54 Weep Holes .............................................................................................................................................................54 Brickwork Expansion Joints .....................................................................................................................................55 Damp Proof Course .................................................................................................................................................56 Stumps.....................................................................................................................................................................57 5.5 Suspended Slabs are constructed in accordance with plans and specifications .................... 58 Bondek.....................................................................................................................................................................58 Acroprops ................................................................................................................................................................59 5.6 Identify that the laying, levelling of the concrete slab and finishing is accordance with plans, specifications and Codes and Standards. ............................................................................................................... 60 5.7 Concrete pour is conducted correctly; ................................................................................... 62 5.7.1 Truck delivery & placement using concrete pumps.....................................................................................62 5.7.2 Levelling, vibrating and screeding of concrete ............................................................................................62 5.7.3 Slab Edge Rebates are finished correctly in accordance with Figures and Tables from AS2870 ..............64 5.7.4 Slab Recesses are finished correctly - in accordance with Figures and Tables from AS2870 ...................66 5.8 Identify that service penetrations through concrete slabs and beams are in accordance with plans, specifications and AS2870 ............................................................................................................... 66 5.8.1 Pipes through slabs.....................................................................................................................................66 5.8.2 Pipes under footings ...................................................................................................................................67 5.9 Identify that Termite protection is installed in accordance with the NCC, codes and standards and manufacturers literature. ................................................................................................................ 68 5.9.1 Slab Perimeter Termite Protection ..............................................................................................................68 5.9.2 Pipe Service Collars through slabs .............................................................................................................69 5.9.3 Ant caps on stumps.....................................................................................................................................69 Step 6 Analyse the building design and structural integrity of the piers and piling systems is compliant with project plans, specifications, relevant building codes and standards. ........................................................................................ 70 6.1 Identify requirements for piers and piling systems from building plans used in footing systems 70 6.1.1 Mass concrete bored piers ..........................................................................................................................70 6.1.2 Reinforced concrete piers and beams ........................................................................................................71 6.1.3 Screw and Piling Systems...........................................................................................................................72 Step 7 - Scenario. ............................................................................................................................................................ 73 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................................................... 77 References ...................................................................................................................................................................... 78 Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 5 of 78 Table of figures Reference. Title Page Table C2.1 Simple Field Rules for of Materials 17 Table 2.3 Classification by Surface Movement. 19 Table 2.1 Classification Soil Reactivity 20 Table 3.1.1 NCC: Cut and Fill: Unretained embarkment slope 25 Ratio Figurte C6.1 Temporary Excavation 18, Figure 5.1 Att Lapping Method 31 Figure 5.2 Edge Rebate Details 32 Figure 6.2 Slab Step Options (Classes A & C) 36 Figure 3.1 Stiffened Raft Design 42 Figure 3.5 Stiffened Slab: Deep Edge Beam 46 Figure 6.1 Fill & Slab Options 48 Figure 3.6 Strip Footing System 51 Figure 5.6 Acceptable Methods of Stepping Strip Footing 55 Figure 7.1 Control Joint Details 57 Figure C5.4 Arrangement of Stiffened Beams 65 Figure 5.2 Edge Beam Details 66 Figure 5.3 Slab Detail at a Recess 69 Fig. 3.2.5.3b NCC : Re-entrant Corners 45 STRUCTURAL H1 Slab Plan / Slab and Footing Plan 36 DRAWINGS Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 6 of 78 INTRODUCTION Purpose The purpose of this report is to ‘analyse and plan for the structural integrity of the footing systems in accordance with the NCC, relevant Australian Codes and standards and manufacturer’s literature, for two Class 1 Buildings. The first is a Residential Class 1a two storey – four townhouse construction project –by the NAZCO Group, located at 45 Fountain Drive, Narre Warren, Victoria. The second is a Two Storey H1 Soil Classs 1a Building Background – NAZCO Group ‘45 FOUNTAIN’ PROJECT The NAZCO Group has a Builder’s Site Sign that provides their website www.nazcogroup.com.au Separate Enquiries online reveal on hipages.com.au they are known as ‘Family Home Renovations’ business, operating since 1986, for 25 years, located in Lysterfield South, and their phone number is 03 8712 7893 which is the same number on the website. The Builders Sign on the Site had 03 8751 4041. An ABR check revealed the Business name of NAZCO GROUP PTY LTD was registered on 4 June 2014 at 3156 ABN is 97 364 469 103. The Family Partnership used the same ABN and it was cancelled on 18 March 2021. The SITE MANAGER was ‘Paul’. On the NAZCO website’s TESTIMONIALS he was given a strong recommendation. The site originally had a single storey Class 1a brick veneer, 3 bed, 1 bathroom, 2 car space house upon it (refer phot below). This was demolished by ULTIMATE DEMOLITIONS (Vic) PTY LTD located in Narre Warren https://www.ultimatedemolitions.com.au . Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 7 of 78 Method of investigation This report was completed using google, Presentation Slides Weeks1-6; Business Signs at Site, Casey Council Town Planning, VicMaps and relevant photos of site progress from December 2022 Scope The scope of the report is to explain the stages involved in the preparation of different types of footing systems including, • Stiffened Raft Slabs • Suspended Slabs • Waffle Pods • Strips Footings Step 1 - Conduct a pre-commencement site inspection to confirm analysis of the ability to lay footing systems and commence the construction of a building project. 1.1 Identify the site address of the where the site inspection has been undertaken for evaluating the footing systems in accordance with plans and specifications Above we can identify an aerial photo of the block after the original house was demolished. It shows the bordering streets of FOUNTAIN DRIVE and CHATEUX AVENUE. The site has topsoil removed and there was a weather delay that occurred after it rained heavily for a number of days and a pond of water developed on the site preventing work from occurring for several months (six). The photo adjacent was taken on December 2 where you can see the top of plumbing trenches for drainage and sewage piping some of which have been laid. Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 8 of 78 1.2 Identify that the building site is vacant (untouched) with site fencing and a builders’ sign including the builders title, contact details, registered number and other information in accordance with OHS policies, legislation and workplace procedures Builders Signage These are photos of the site, taken on the 2 December 2022, after rough in and levelling with the Ups shown. This is the South side of the site with the BUILDERS ‘CURTAIN’ SIGN hanging on the perimeter fencing, the toilet facility at its rear (installed at the time of the temporary fencing by DINKUM HIRE Temporary Fencing 0438 361 394 https://www.dinkumhire.com.au). Hidden from view in the right top corner of the photo is: DB-L. 46174 CB-L 46175 QBCC 1316199 Lysterfield Sth 3156 Victoria 03 8751 4041 To the left (West) a red and green Waste Bin, and to the right a dark brown COUNCIL WASTE BIN for compost and gardening waste, etc. clearly showing the property number ‘45’ on its side. Also you can recognise the first stage of a retaining wall on the west side of the property has commenced. Builders Signage (cont’d) The SAFETY RULES & CO-ORDINATION PLAN appear below: Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 9 of 78 Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 10 of 78 1.3 Identify the site is correctly prepared, cleared and levelled with topsoil removed. 🇦🇪 Above - Site Cleared and level by Bobcat operator. 45 FOUNTAIN - The photos above show the retaining wall complete and fence erected. There are two levels on the site. At the roadside southern end there is a townhouse with a garage to be built. The remainder of the block is set lower where the remaining three townhouses and one garage are to be built. These show each level of site levelled. Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 11 of 78 Step 2 - Identify the earthworks, footing and slab configuration and footing systems are correctly set out in accordance with project plans and specifications. 2.1 Location of hurdles or pegs are identified which indicate the location and configuration of slab and footing systems and earthworks. Hurdles @45FOUNT above. Other Footing Systems are trenches laid with a RAFT SLAB We can see hurdles marked up for house set-up and measurement with nails intact; adjacent are the string lines attached to these nails using methodology as required (Pythagoras 5-4-3 90 degree angled Trainagle, etc). Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 12 of 78 2.2 Identify that the excavation & placement of service pipes and communications prior to footings excavation and concrete pour are correctly placed items include; Examples of trenches excavated, pipes & services cables laid for utilities and communications. 2.2.1 Stormwater 2.2.2 Sewerage Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 13 of 78 2.2.3 Water Supply 2.2.4 Electricity Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 14 of 78 2.2.5 Communication – NBN (FTTC FTTP) & Telephone (refer bottom right) NBN Co. is responsible of the installation of INTERNET & COMMUNICATION services in Victoria and throughout the nation generally. Houses are connected by electricity through an NBN Connection box from inside the home to a DPU Distribution Point Unit normally inside a pit on the street using the existing copper network connected to the Fibre to the Curb (FTTC). Currently ‘Fibre to the Premises’ FTTP is being made available which means fibre will be connected all the way to your office or house which is a higher quality and faster technology. NBN workers working with NBN Some areas still have electricity poles overhead Workers installling and connecting FTTC at a house. A telephone line pitt … Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 15 of 78 Step 3 - Identify the site classification in accordance with AS2870, establish cut and fill, excavation and compaction requirements to ensure compliance with geotechnical report 3.1 Soil Types and Site Classification - in accordance with and referenced to AS2870 and a geotechnical report The DRAWINGS FOUNDATION Notes state the site’s soil is CLASSIFIED as H1 and requires stable moisture content in ground adjacent to the foundations, with SILTY and NATURAL CLAY per TABLE C2.1 (refer below). 3.1.1 Soil Types (Clay, Sand, Silt) 3.1.4 Borehole Explorations for site classification FIGURE C6.1 TEMPORARY EXCAVATIONS. (Bored Piers Week 6 4010, 2023 PPT, T. Sproat) Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 16 of 78 Excavation below angle of repose is critical and affects the stability of the footing. See example below: Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 17 of 78 3.2 Identify Site Classification as described in AS2870 and geotechnical reports GeoTech Engineer conducting a soil analysis Conducting a Pentrometric Reading Soil type Map in Melbourne and outer CBD area Preparing Equipment to perform a soil test FOUNDATION NOTES. (page 3 Drawings) F4. SITE CLASS IS H1 Footing favoured 100mm F5. Repose 45 Deg. Clay; 30 Deg. Silt. Base Footing 400 mm below FGL, 1000mm if within 1x mature tree H F7. Concrete strength 28D - 100KPa Slab F8 Timber Foundation. H4 treated; F9. Timber above ground H3 Treated; F11 Backfill Footings 15 MPa Concrete. SLAB NOTES. (page 3 Drawings) Prepare per s. 6 of 2870; Clear SLAB of all vegetation & top soil and soft/loose/wet materials; 100 thick SL82TM Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 18 of 78 3.2.1 Site Classification based on Site Reactivity Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 19 of 78 3.2.2 Characteristic soil surface Movement Angle of Repose is dependent (critical depth line) upon soil type. Granular soils (crushed rock, gravel, poorly graded sand, loamy sand) 340 Weak cohesive soils (well graded sand, silt, silty loam, sandy loam)450 Cohesive soils (clay, silty clay, sandy clay) 530 Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 20 of 78 3.3 Normal Sites Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 21 of 78 3.4 Problem Sites (Class P) Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 22 of 78 3.4.1 Cut and Fill - Controlled Fill and compaction requirements – NCC Vol 2 Part 3.1.1 Earthworks Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 23 of 78 - Uncontrolled Fill Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 24 of 78 AS 2870 sets out the requirements regarding the effect of fill on excavation and footings Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 25 of 78 3.5 Bearing Strength of Soil for Footing Types - in accordance with and reference to AS2870 3.5.1 Bearing strength of footing types include Strip Footings, Pads, Slabs Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 26 of 78 3.6 Identify the effects of the Angle of Repose (Critical Depth Line) for the structural integrity of footing systems based on soil types, cut and fill and excavation requirements– refer to Fig C6.1 AS2870. Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 27 of 78 The ratio for a 45 degree angle of repose Depth: Distance is1:1. For this soil type and condition, a 1 metre deep excavation must be at least 1000mm from the edge of the footing. No Pipes or Excavation within Angle of Repose. Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 28 of 78 Step 4 - Identify and outline the concrete strength and reinforcement requirements depending on the footing system and construction type which contributes to the structural integrity of specified footings is compliant with relevant clauses from Australian standards and manufacturers literature and the NCC … per AS2870-2011 Residential Slabs & Footings Sect 2 Site Classification & NCC Vol 2 Section 1 Part A6 and Part 3.2 Footings and Slabs 4.1 Concrete strength for strip footings and pads … per AS2870-2011 Residential Slabs & Footings Sect 5.4 & NCC Vol 2 Part 3.2 Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 29 of 78 4.2 Concrete strength for slabs … per AS2870-2011 Residential Slabs & Footings Sect 5.3 & NCC Vol 2 Part 3.2 NCC Vol 2 Section 3 states the following in relation to concrete and reinforcing. Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 30 of 78 4.3 Concrete Cover and Reinforcement Designation - in accordance with and reference to AS2870 4.3.1 Cover between edge of reinforcement and outside of concrete – refer to Fig C5.2 AS2870 4.3.2 Slab Fabric Designation It expresses the wire size for the convenience of the designer. It is designated SL62, SL72, SL82, SL92 or SL102. S denotes sheet mesh and L denotes Low Ductile Steel. The first digit refers to the diameter of the bars in mm. The last digit refers to the spacing of the bars in measures. For example, SL72 is Sheet mesh of Low Ductile Steel, that has 7 mm diameter bars, which are on a grid 200 mm apart. Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 31 of 78 4.3.3 Trench Mesh Designation Square mesh is designated in terms of the diameter of each bar and the spacing of consecutive bars. For example, SL62 consists of 6 mm bar at 200 mm spacings. AS 2870 Section 1.10 notes at page 15: 4.3.4 Straight Bars designation Refers to a straight steel bar used as a tension device in reinforced concrete and reinforced masonry structures to strengthen and aid the concrete under tension. The grade designation is equal to minimal yield strength in MPa. Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 32 of 78 4.3.5 Bar Chairs and Spacers Bar chairs help position and hold the mesh in place in the slab during concrete pour and must not be placed not more than 800mm apart. for steel fabric (per NCC Part 3.2.3 Concrete and Reinforcing) AS2870 4.3.6 Lapping of Fabric Reinforcement and Trench Mesh AS2870 at Section 5 sets out at Figure 5 Alternate Methods of Lapping of Mash. For trench laps, the recommended lap length for mesh reinforcement is 500 mm. For fibre mesh sheet in 6.0 m length x 2.4 m width there is a 255 mm minimum lenhth using tied wire see below and figure (b) plan of strip footing at corner. Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 33 of 78 Step 5 Analyse the building design and structural integrity of the footing systems is compliant with project plans, specifications, relevant building standards, and the Australian standard AS2870, for the following footing systems 5.1 Waffle Pod Slab - designs in accordance with and reference to Figures and Tables from AS2870 Section 3 of AS2870 provides the following directions re WAFFLE SLABS (both Stiffened Raft and Wattle Raft Slabs) WAFFLE (POD) type RAFT SLABS are built on the ground not below. All slab footing systems have a ‘scrape’ as stated in AS2870 Section 6, at 6.4.3(a) Foundation for slabs (refer below) Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 34 of 78 5.1.1 Slab dimensions based on Site Class and Type of Construction Refer to AS2870 at Section 3.4 WAFFLE RAFTS Pods are 1090 mm max wide and have single mesh internal ribs measuring 80 mm with 15mm space either side, a total of 110 mm. There is slab mesh reinforcement sitting on pods with bar chairs spaced every 800 mm. Edge beams are the standard 300mm in width on the exterior perimeter, as are the edge beams on Stiffened Raft slabs. This photo shows the delivery of the waffle pod at 45FOUNT by truck most of which has been removed from the truck. Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 35 of 78 5.1.2 Excavation – with a Waffle Pod Raft Slab site there is no excavation, only a scape, as the slab is built upon the ground. There is a lot less work using the waffle pod void. The Table at Figure 3.4 (a) gives details of dimensions for a waffle raft slab. Circled in red are the waffle raft slab dimensions for Site M classification of soil. Highlighted in Yellow are the waffle slab specifications for a standard ‘aussie’ brick veneer house. Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 36 of 78 … Photo of site after a scrape 5.1.3 Placement of vapour barrier – vapour barrier is placed upon the ground, after levelling is done commonly by using sand. Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 37 of 78 5.1.4 Placement of waffle pods – photo shows waffle pods laid in what appears to be a square pod arrangement of 4 x 4 with internal 110 mm internal beams for single steel bar reinforcement 5.1.5 Formwork set up – clearly seen on photo below Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 38 of 78 5.1.6 Position of steel reinforcement, bar chairs and spacers for edge beams, internal rib beams and Slab – clearly seen on photo prior to pour and possibly an impending Inspection. 5.1.7 Reinforcement for re-entrant corners CONCRETE SLAB Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 39 of 78 Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 40 of 78 5.2 Stiffened Raft Slab - designs in accordance with and reference to Figures and Tables from AS2870 Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 41 of 78 5.2.1 Slab dimensions based on Site Class and Type of Construction 5.2.2 Trench/beam excavation (edge & internal beams) Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 42 of 78 5.2.3 Sand bed placement – screeding & compaction 5.2.4 Formwork set up Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 43 of 78 5.2.5 Vapour barrier/damp proof membrane and 5.2.6 Position of steel reinforcement and bar chairs edge beams, internal beams and Slab 5.2.7 Reinforcement for re-entrant corners NCC Vol. 2 Part 3.2.5.3(b) states: (b)At re-entrant or internal corners, two strips, minimum 2 m in length, of 3–L8TM or one strip of 3–L11TM (or 3- N12 bars) must be placed diagonally across the corner in accordance with Figure 3.2.5.1 Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 44 of 78 5.3 Slabs with deep edge beams on fill - designs in accordance with and reference to Figures and Tables from AS2870 5.3.1 Block Wall construction for slabs with deep edge beams - Fig C3.3 AS2870 Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 45 of 78 5.3.2 Core filled with reinforcement and starter bars - Referenced to Figures and Tables within AS2870 refer to Fig3.5 and Fig6.3 and AS2870 Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 46 of 78 Slab sits on fill between masonry wall Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 47 of 78 Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 48 of 78 Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 49 of 78 5.4 Strip Footings - designs in accordance with and reference to Figures and Tables from AS2870 and the NCC Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 50 of 78 5.4.1 Trench Excavation 5.4.2 Position of steel reinforcement Beams - Trench Mesh and Bar Chairs Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 51 of 78 5.4.3 Stepping of Strip footings Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 52 of 78 5.4.4 Sub Floor (dwarf wall) Brickwork on strip footings Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 53 of 78 5.4.5 Engaged piers – these are piers for BEARERS to sit on and the stumps are in line with. 5.4.6 Weep Holes Weep holes are tiny gaps left in brickwork or masonry of external walls. These holes are vitally important as they provide drainage. The NCC Vol 2 Part 3.3.5.9 states Weepholes are to be; (i). a minimum of 50 mm in height, by the width of the vertical mortar joint; and (ii). at not more than 1.2 m centres. They should have at least 75mm clearance from the ground and not be blocked or covered and must meet the Australian Standards AS300 for masonry structures. Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 54 of 78 5.4.7 Brickwork Expansion Joints The Australian Standards for Masonry AS 3700 and AS 4773.2 recommends “Intermediate movement joints” be inserted in exterior floors where any dimension exceeds 4.5m centres. They should be provided in evenly spaced positions at approximately 4.5m centres, or at locations where stress might be reasonable be expected. Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 55 of 78 5.4.8 Damp Proof Course Damp proofing is a protective measure in the form of a layer of impervious material applied to building foundation walls to prevent moisture from passing upwards or sideways through the walls into interior spaces. A damp-proof course (DPC) is a horizontal barrier in a wall designed to prevent moisture rising through the structure by capillary action – a phenomenon known as rising damp. A damp-proof membrane (DPM) performs a similar function for a solid floor. (ABIS https://www.abis.com.au/damp- proof-course/ Accessed 7 March 2023). Refer NCC Vol. 2 Part 3.3.5.7 below: Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 56 of 78 5.4.9 Stumps - … can be used for uneven or sloping land. Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 57 of 78 5.5 Suspended Slabs are constructed in accordance with plans and specifications 5.5.1 Bondek BONDEK PLUS® (usually referred to simply as Bondek or Bondek slab) is a rugged steel reinforcement system for concrete ceilings and decks. Thanks to its innovative design, BONDEK PLUS® provides greater wide span support and deflection strength for concrete slab construction compared with other products. Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 58 of 78 5.5.2 Acrow Props Their website states “The original Acrow Prop was the first prop in the world, revolutionising construction. It’s simple and innovative design, manufactured from high yield steel to Acrow’s specifications, permits versatility across a multitude of uses, including falsework support, as raking shores, and as temporary support.” It adds they “ are fast to erect in three simple steps, and are able to be handled by a single person, ensuring reliable and economical formwork and scaffolding applications.” They are available in five sizes ranging from 1050mm to 4900mm with axial compression working load limits ranging from 7kN to 42.5kN. Acrow Prop https://www.acrow.com.au/acrow-prop/ Accessed 7 March 2023. Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 59 of 78 5.6 Identify that the laying, levelling of the concrete slab and finishing is accordance with plans, specifications and Codes and Standards. Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 60 of 78 Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 61 of 78 5.7 Concrete pour is conducted correctly; 5.7.1 Truck delivery & placement using concrete pumps Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 62 of 78 5.7.2 Levelling, vibrating and screeding of concrete Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 63 of 78 5.7.3 Slab Edge Rebates finished correctly in accordance with Figures and Tables from AS2870 Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 64 of 78 Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 65 of 78 5.7.4 Slab Recesses are finished correctly - in accordance with Figures and Tables from AS2870 5.8 Identify that service penetrations through concrete slabs and beams are in accordance with plans, specifications and AS2870 5.8.1 Pipes through slabs Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 66 of 78 5.8.2 Pipes under footings AS2870 Part 5.6.3 Drainage requirements Buildings on moderately, highly or extremely reactive sites shall be provided with drainage systems designed in accordance with the following: (a) Surface drainage shall be considered in the design of the footing system and necessary modification shall be included in the design documentation. Surface drainage of the site shall be controlled from the start of site preparation and construction. The drainage system shall be completed by the finish of construction of the building. (b) The base of trenches shall be sloped away from the building. Trenches shall be backfilled with clay in the top 300 mm within 1.5 m of the building. The clay used for backfilling shall be compacted. Where pipes pass under the footing system, the trench shall be backfilled full depth with clay or concrete to restrict the ingress of water beneath the footing system. (c) Where pipes pass under the footing system, the trench shall be backfilled full depth with clay to act as a barrier to the ingress of water beneath the footing system. Alternatively, a plastic membrane across the cross-section of the trench, taped to the pipe and keyed into the sides and base of the trench may be used. (d) Subsurface drains to remove groundwater shall not be used within 1.5 m of the building unless designed in accordance with engineering principles. Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 67 of 78 5.9 Identify that Termite protection is installed in accordance with the NCC, codes and standards and manufacturers literature. 5.9.1 Slab Perimeter Termite Protection The NCC Vol 2 Part 3.4.2 Framing Subfloor Ventilation refers to termite management systems & AS 3600. AS 2870 refers to AS 3660 regarding termite management. In SECTION C2 ‘Site Classification’ it states: Physical termite barrier systems have now, in large part, supplanted chemical termite barriers throughout mainland Australia. Consequently, the likelihood of damage previously associated with the impact of water-based termiticides on reactive clay soils has been reduced. Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 68 of 78 5.9.2 Pipe Service Collars through slabs .. are fitted around the pipe and on exposure to heat from a fire they rapidly expand inwards to squeeze the collapsing plastic pipe until the aperture is completely sealed. 5.9.3 Ant caps on stumps Ant caps are galvanized metal sheets placed on the top of timber piers, along brick walls and floor stumps. These termite shield ant caps form a physical barrier between the termites and the stumps. Timber stumps must have ant caps. However, ant caps are not required on concrete stumps. Ref: Ant Capping, Safeguard Inspections. Accessed 7 March 2023. https://safeguardinspections.com.au/why- ant-capping-necessity-stump-home/ Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 69 of 78 Step 6 Analyse the building design and structural integrity of the piers and piling systems is compliant with project plans, specifications, relevant building codes and standards. 6.1 Identify requirements for piers and piling systems from building plans used in footing systems 6.1.1 Mass concrete bored piers Bored piers, also known as bored piles, are a common type of foundation for residential and commercial projects. They are typically used to support heavy, vertical loads for high-rise structures. Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 70 of 78 . 6.1.2 Reinforced concrete piers and beams Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 71 of 78 6.1.3 Screw and Piling Systems Screw Piles can securely support structures such as houses, patios, garden sheds, fences and much more. The piles can be used to support new or existent structures. Contrary to concrete foundations, screw piles are installed below the ground's frost line and are impervious to ground movements. Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 72 of 78 Step 7 - Scenario. 7.1 Part A You have arrived on site to check the footing system and upon inspection you have found that it is not compliant with the plans, specifications and relevant Australian standards. The following items are missing from the footing system and need to be rectified immediately prior to inspection by the building surveyor and pouring of the slab. - Re-entrant corner reinforcement has not been installed on any re-entrant concrete slab corners. You need to write an email to the concreter outlining the omission of the re-entrant reinforcement bars and that the fault needs to remedied prior to inspection by the building surveyor and you need to be informed of the rectification once completion. You need to include the relevant clause and diagrams from the NCC or Australian standard showing the requirement of the reinforcement. You need to outline the implications of structural defects related to failure of applying structural principles to footing systems You need to CC your supervisor in the email Include all contact details and dates Include time frame to complete the rectification works. Note: You will need to make up names, contact detail etc. Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 73 of 78 Email template Attention: Lear Forbes – Manager: FORBES CONCRETE SOLUTIONS PTY LTD Date: 7th March 2023 Subject: FOOTING RE-ENTRANT REINFORCEMENT TO BE REMEDIED CC: Karen Butler – Supervisor, ABT Debbie Sheehan – Admin Manager Dear Sir, As a result of a pre-inspection check of the footing system it was revealed that - Re-entrant corner reinforcement has not been installed on any re-entrant concrete slab corners. It appears as the photo below illustrates: Photo 1.0 – Re-entrant corners on slab without reinforcement required (Figure 3.2.5.1 Vol. 2 BCA) The above fault needs to be remedied within 2 days from today, if we are to pass the inspection of the building surveyor that Thursday afternoon and have the pour the following Friday morning, March 17th, as you requested. The Contract stipulated such pursuant to the Plans, Drawings, Specifications, AS 2870 and other relevant Australian standards pursuant tp the NCC Volume 2 Part 3.2.5.3(b) which states: Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 74 of 78 (b) At re-entrant or internal corners, two strips, minimum 2 m in length, of 3–L8TM or one strip of 3–L11TM (or 3-N12 bars) must be placed diagonally across the corner in accordance with Figure 3.2.5.1 and is illustrated as shown in the Figure shown below: Figure 3.2.5.1 Reinforcing at re-entrant corners Upon completion of the works please notify me directly on mobile 0402 688 466. If you have anything you need to clarify or discuss in this matter please feel free to contact me. Kind Regards, Peter Carl Sheehan Site Supervisor Omega Solutions 0402 799 577

, Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 75 of 78 7.2 Part B The concreter has informed you that the fault has been rectified, after inspection you confirm that rectification works have been completed and that the footing is now compliant with the plans, specifications and relevant Australian standards. You must write a follow up email advising the concreter and your supervisor that the rectification works have been completed and are compliant. Email template Attention: Lear Forbes – Manager: FORBES CONCRETE SOLUTIONS PTY LTD Date: 9th March 2023 Subject: FOOTING RE-ENTRANT REINFORCEMENT TO BE REMEDIED CC: Karen Butler – Supervisor, ABT Debbie Sheehan – Admin Manager Dear Sir, As a result of your notification yesterday that the matter of the reinforcement that was defective had been rectified, I carried out a second pre-inspection check of the footing system this morning and it was revealed: - Re-entrant corner reinforcement has been installed on re-entrant concrete slab corners, in compliance with the plans, specifications, AS 2870 and other relevant Australian standards. - If you have anything else you wish to discuss in this matter please feel free to contact Peter Sheehan. Kind Regards, Peter Carl Sheehan Site Supervisor Omega Solutions 0402 799 577

, Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 76 of 78 Conclusion This report entails the six steps in ensuring the structural integrity of a Projects Footing System . This involves the planning, coordinating, analysing and managing the laying of footings that are in accord with the NCC, relevant Australian Codes and Standards and manufacturers literature. Initially, this report was to focus on a property at 45 FOUNTAIN DVE, NARRE WARREN VIC 3805. Consequently there are photos of earlier steps in the process. The footing system selected was a WAFFLE RAFT POD. The Building Classification was Class 1a four townhouse with class 10a garages. There was a DEMOLITION of the previous 3 Bed residential home; and a RETAINING WALL was also constructed on the western boundary of the site. Also reference is made to the accompanying STRUCTURAL DRAWINGS of a two storey Class 1a dwelling – with a H! soil classification and its accompanying engineered slab solution with an attached SLAB PLAN. Step 1 - conduct a pre-commencement site inspection to confirm footing systems can be laid that will support the building to be constructed; Step 2 – check the setout is in accordance with the projects plans and specifications; Step 3 – ensure the site classification is in accord with the foundation soil per the Geotechnical report and AS2870. The Foundation of the earth and soil type will influence the type of Footings systems and any Slab that is being considered. Step 4 – ensure the concrete strength and the associated reinforcement requirements, is consistent with the footing system and construction type per the NCC, relevant Australian Standards in particular AS2870 including: Cover between edge of reinforcement and outside of concrete – refer to Fig C5.2 AS2870 • Slab Fabric Designation • Trench Mesh Designation • Straight Bars designation • Bar Chairs and Spacers • Lapping of Fabric Reinforcement and Trench Mesh Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 77 of 78 Step 5 – Analyse the footing systems available with the building design and ensure either of the six footing systems (see below) is per project plans, specifications, relevant building standards and AS2870: Waffle Pod Stiffened Raft Slab Slabs with deep edge beams on fill Strip Footings and Suspended Slabs Ensure concrete poor and concrete slab finishing are performed correctly; service penetrations through concrete slabs and beams are performed correctly; and termite protection (ant caps, pipe service collars, slab perimeter protection) is performed correctly. Step 6 – analyse the design and integrity of pieers and piling systems and ensure they are compliant with plans, specifications, relevant building codes and standards: Mass Concrete Bored Piers; Reinforced concrete piers and beams; and Screw and Piling systems. Step 7 – dealt with a scenario where a pre-inspection site check revealed a defect needing to be remedied; and then later upon rectification by the concretor, notification that the work was ready for the Stage Inspection. PETER CARL SHEEHAN 16 March 2023 References AS 2870-2011 Residential Slabs and Footings AS 1170 – 2002n Structural Design Actions AS 1684.2 – 2006 Residential Timber Framing NCC 2019 BCA Vol 2 Section 3: Acceptable Construction Sproat, Trevor. Teacher – 4010 Structural Principles Holmesglen; Presentations Weeks 1-6 Structural Drawings – General Notes AT1 4010 Structural Principles Omega Building Solutions: Footings Report | © In Confidence - Version 1.0 / Mar-2023 78 of 78