(PDF) Glass Counters

Tel Anafa II, iii Sponsors: The Kelsey Museum of Archaeology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor The Museum of Art and Archaeology of the University of Missouri–Columbia The National Endowment for the Humanities The Smithsonian Institution Copyright © 2018 Kelsey Museum of Archaeology 434 South State Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1390, USA ISBN 978-0-9906623-8-9 KELSEY MUSEUM OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN MUSEUM OF ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI–COLUMBIA TEL ANAFA II, iii Decorative Wall Plaster, Objects of Personal Adornment and Glass Counters, Tools for Textile Manufacture and Miscellaneous Bone, Terracotta and Stone Figurines, Pre-Persian Pottery, Attic Pottery, and Medieval Pottery edited by Andrea M. Berlin and Sharon C. Herbert KELSEY MUSEUM FIELDWORK SERIES ANN ARBOR, MI 2018 CONTENTS Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Summary of Occupation Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .viii Site Plan with Trenches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix 1 Wall Plaster and Stucco by Benton Kidd, with Catalogue Adapted from Robert L. Gordon, Jr. (1977) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 2 Personal Adornment: Glass, Stone, Bone, and Shell by Katherine A. Larson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79 3 Glass Counters by Katherine A. Larson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137 4 Tools for Textile Manufacture by Katherine A. Larson and Katherine M. Erdman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Appendix: Catalogue of Miscellaneous Bone Objects by Katherine M. Erdman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 5 Terracotta and Stone Figurines by Adi Erlich . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 6 Pottery of the Bronze and Iron Ages by William Dever and Ann Harrison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261 7 The Attic Pottery by Ann Harrison and Andrea M. Berlin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335 8 Medieval Ceramics by Adrian J. Boas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .359 PREFACE Tel Anafa II, iii comprises the last installment of final reports on the objects excavated at the site between 1968 and 1986 by the University of Missouri and the University of Michigan. It joins Tel Anafa II, i, in which the local and imported pottery of the Persian, Hellenistic, and Roman periods was presented, and Tel Anafa II, ii, which contained studies of the glass vessels, lamps, metal objects, and groundstone and other stone tools and vessels. Selected finds from all three object volumes are referenced by catalogue number in TA I, the overview of the occupation history, chronology, and stratigraphy of the site. The externally datable objects—coins and stamped amphora handles—were also published in TA I. In this current volume we present studies of all remaining categories of finds from the exca- vations: pottery of the Bronze and Iron Ages, imported Attic pottery, medieval pottery, jewelry of stone and glass, equipment related to textile manufacture, figurines, and, finally, the stucco wall decoration that inspired the name of the site’s main structure: the Late Hellenistic Stuccoed Building (LHSB). The chapters included here represent many years of dedicated research, analysis, and writing. Some were com- pleted quite a long time ago; others were finished more recently. As editors, we have worked to ensure a certain consistency of tone and presentation, but we have not brought bibliography up to the present moment for chapters turned in several years, even decades, ago. With this final volume in the Tel Anafa series, it is now possible to take a comprehensive view of the movable goods and equipment that the site’s occupants made, acquired, and used over millennia. The chronological range extends from the Early Bronze Age through the medieval era, but as with other remains from the site, most pertain to the Late Hellenistic and Early Roman eras, which were the site’s best-preserved periods of occupation. While as archaeologists we are always aware of the fragility and incompleteness of the material record that comes into our hands, we are also always overwhelmed by the enormous amount that does remain—and impressed anew with the ability of physical artifacts to evoke for us living worlds. The spindle whorls, loom weights, and bone weaving tools evince long days of manual labor by residents. This view of working lives is balanced by many of the goods here and in the preceding studies that reflect delightful individual taste and choices—in interior décor, personal adornment, containers for perfume, and small decorative sculptures. The testimony provided by such remains contributes to one of the animat- ing motives of archaeology: “to save from oblivion and all-erasing time . . . the fleetingness of human memory and . . . traditions [that] are in constant peril of being . . . extinguished” (Asheri 2007, 21).2 We are, once again, in debt to Lorene Sterner, who has overseen the amassing and organizing of myriad details. We are most grateful to Margaret Lourie, who interrupted a well-earned retirement to again apply her meticulous care in copyediting and setting the full manuscript. Finally, we extend heartfelt thanks to the authors of these wonder- ful studies for their patience, cooperation, and high standards. Andrea M. Berlin Sharon C. Herbert Boston, MA Ann Arbor, MI August 2017 August 2017 2 In David Asheri, Alan Lloyd, and Aldo Corcella, A Commentary on Herodotus Books I–IV, ed. Oswyn Murray and Alfonso Moreno, trans. Barbara Graziosi, Matteo Rossetti, Carlotta Dus, and Vanessa Cazzato (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007). SUMMARY OF OCCUPATION SEQUENCE Stratum Date Remains Datable material EB II 2900–2300 BCE Flint knapping area to north Pottery Dever/Harrison TA Vol. II, iii, PH 1–10 Canaanite blades TA I, i, Pl. 124b EB IV 2300–2000 BCE None Pottery Dever/Harrison TA Vol. II, iii, PH 20–45 MB I–II 2000–1500 BCE None Pottery Dever/Harrison TA Vol. II, iii, PH 62–110 MB/LB I 1500–1400 BCE Earlier pavement and walls on Pottery Dever/Harrison TA Vol. II, iii, PH 82, 86–89, 107, south slope 111–127 LB II 1400–1200 BCE Later pavement and houses on Pottery Dever/Harrison TA Vol. II, iii, PH 128–162 south slope LB II/ IRON I Damaged walls and debris on Pottery Dever/Harrison TA Vol. II, iii, PH 131–133, 140 south slope IRON I 1200–1000 BCE None Pottery Dever/Harrison TA Vol. II, iii, PH 163–171 IRON IIA/B 1000–800 BCE North enclosure wall Pottery Dever/Harrison TA Vol. II, iii, PH 172–187 IRON IIC 800–586 BCE None: occupation gap? Pottery Dever/Harrison TA Vol. II, iii, PH 188–189 PERSIAN 538–332 BCE None Pottery Harrison TA Vol. II, iii, AW 1–40; Lamps Dobbins TA Vol. II, ii, L 3–19, 22–39; Glass Grose TA Vol. II, ii, G 1–6 HELL 1A 332–198 BCE Scattered walls under LHSB and Coins Meshorer TA I, i, 1–18; SAHs Ariel/Finkielsztejn TA west annex I, i, SAH 45, 70 HELL 1B 198–125 BCE Scattered walls under LHSB and Coins Meshorer TA I, i, 19–37; SAHs Ariel/ Finkielsztejn west annex TA I, i HELL 2 125–75 BCE LHSB, houses on south slope Coins Meshorer TA I, i, 38–248; SAHs Ariel/Finkielsztejn TA I, i SUBPHASE 125–? BCE Initial construction of LHSB ESA under floors, coin of Alexander Zebina Meshorer TA I, HELL 2A i, 100; Ariel Finkielsztejn TA I, i, SAH 65 SUBPHASE ?–98 BCE Minor modifications to LHSB Tyrian shekel 116/115 BCE Meshorer TA I, i, 205 HELL 2B SUBPHASE 98–75 BCE Major modifications to LHSB; Coin of Sidon 98–97 BCE Meshorer TA I, i, 184 HELL 2C construction of northeast building and north colonnade SUBPHASE 75–20 BCE? “Windblown” layer debris HELL 2C+/ ROM 1 ROM 1 Late 1st cen. BCE/ Roman buildings 1–11 Coins Meshorer TA I, i, 121, 201, 249–256, 224, 225; Roman Early 1st cen. CE lamps Dobbins TA Vol. II, ii, L 285–406 SUBPHASE Late 1st cen. BCE & Roman buildings 1–5 ESA in Roman shapes, Galilean cook ware, Roman lamps ROM 1A early CE SUBPHASE Early 1st cen. CE Roman buildings 6–11 and modifi- Cypriot sigillata, pink ware ROM 1B cations to 1–5 SUBPHASE Early-mid 1st cen. CE Wall thickenings, pavement ESA SAM 14s ROM 1C ROM 2 Late 1st–7th cen. CE Tanur complex, burial Mehsorer TA I, i, 257–259; ARS ARABIC 9th–20th? cen. CE 7 one-room buildings, cemetery, Khirbet Mafjar ware, lead glaze pottery watchtower SUBPHASE 9th–11th cen. CE 7 one-room buildings Khirbet Mafjar ware, lead glaze pottery ARABIC 1 SUBPHASE ? Cemetery Ottoman coin Meshorer TA I, i, 260 ARABIC 2 SUBPHASE ? Bunker Modern bullet casing ARABIC 3 SITE PLAN WITH TRENCHES 3. GLASS COUNTERS by Katherine A. Larson INTRODUCTION This section documents 150 small glass objects that were inventoried during the eight seasons of excavation at Tel Anafa.2 These objects are distinguished from beads in that they are unperforated; most are plano-convex (flat on the underside with a domed top), but a few have flattened tops as well. Their function likely varied; such objects could have been used as gaming pieces (counters) or inlays into furniture, jewelry, or other objects.3 Rosemary Lierke has demonstrated that they were quite simple to manufacture, requiring only a small quantity of scrap glass to be placed on a heat-resistant surface and placed in a furnace. As the glass melts, the surface tension creates the signature round- ed top and flat underside.4 The completely flat bottom is not universal, however: forty-eight objects (32 percent) have concave rather than flat bottoms, and several more have bent or ridged bottoms, the reason for which is unknown. They may be related to various functional possibilities (e.g., whether the object was designed to be glued into place as an inset or manipulated as a game counter) or could be artifacts of slightly different production methods. Glass counters found at Anafa range in size from 0.5 to 2.0 cm long, 0.5 to 1.6 cm wide, and 0.1 to 0.9 cm thick. Most are round or ovoid, although a few are tapered, squared, or asymmetrically shaped. The majority are highly weathered, with iridescence, dark or white patina, pitting, and flaking all extremely common. The most common clearly identifiable color is yellow, followed by amber, blue, and green (fig. 1). Colorless, light blue, blue-green, and purple objects are also present. Only one—GC 101—is polychrome, with one half yellow and the other pale blue-green. Counters identified as “dark blue or black” may have been lighter beneath the visible dark coating. Although they are often thought to be Roman, glass counters start to become common at archaeological sites in the region during the second century BCE. A few dozen have been found, including eighteen in a single deposit, in the administrative building at Tel Kedesh, which was destroyed in 143 BCE.5 None appear at Tel Anafa until HELL 2A (ca. 125 BCE), with the majority of pieces coming from later occupational levels of the Late Hellenistic Administrative Building (HELL 2B/C, ca. 110–75 BCE) (fig. 2). They continue in loci dated to ROM 1A/B, although many of these objects, particularly from ROM 1A, may be residual.6 Counter quantities by color. Counter quantities by stratum. Figure 1 Figure 2 2 It is unknown whether all small glass objects found during the excavation were formally inventoried, but since several of the inventoried objects are fragmentary, it is assumed that all were kept and inventoried rather than a selective sample. 3 Spaer 2001, cat. 548. 4 Lierke 2009, 7. 5 Sharon Herbert, personal communication. 6 Cf. Herbert TA I, i, fig. 2.2. 138 GLASS COUNTERS GC 17 is engraved with a quadruped, possibly a sheep or boar, standing right. It was likely set into a ring. This is the single counter recovered from a ROM 2 level and almost certainly belongs to the Roman phase at Anafa. At only 0.2 cm thick, it is much thinner than most of the other objects catalogued here, thus suggesting they may not have been used as jewelry insets, as they would have been quite thick. CATALOGUE The following table attempts to document these understudied and underpublished objects as thoroughly and succinctly as possible. A dagger (†) after a catalogue number indicates an item illustrated on p. 144. Objects are or- ganized by shape, followed by length, width, and thickness, defined as follows: Shape: • Round: the difference between the length and width is 0.1 cm or less • Oval: the difference between the length and width is greater than 0.1 cm • Oval, tapered: in top view, one end is narrower than the other, creating an egg or teardrop shape • Rectangular: an oval that has been shaped to have straight sides or top using a marver • Irregular: no even or rounded sides, asymmetrically shaped Length: maximum dimension of the object, in centimeters Width: maximum dimension of the object perpendicular to the length, in centimeters Thickness: maximum height of the object, with the flat edge taken as the base, in centimeters Concave Underside: noted when present Color: Color terms based on Corinth XII.7 Colors are described as they appeared after the object was cleaned with a solution of ethanol and water.8 An asterisk (*) denotes preserved, rather than complete, dimension, in the case of fragmentary pieces. Objects found during the 1968–1973 excavation seasons are currently housed at the Kelsey Museum of Archaeology and were examined by the author and documented using the above methods. Those objects from the 1978–1981 seasons are in Israel and were not available for the current study; all information is based on original inventory documentation. BIBLIOGRAPHY Davidson, G. R. 1952 Corinth, XII: The Minor Objects. Princeton: American School of Classical Studies at Athens. Lierke, R. 2009 Die nicht-geblasenen antiken Glasgefässe. Ihre Herstellung von den Anfängen bis zu den Luxusglasern der Romer = The Non-blown Ancient Glass Vessels: Their Manufacturing from the Beginning to the Luxury Glasses of the Romans. Offenbach am Main: Deutsche glastechnische Gesellschaft. Spaer, M. 2001 Ancient Glass in the Israel Museum, Beads and Other Small Objects. Jerusalem: Israel Museum. 7 Davidson 1952, 90. 8 Thank you to Suzanne Davis and the Kelsey Museum of Archaeology for assistance and materials used in cleaning. GLASS COUNTERS 139 Length Thick- Concave Cat. no. Inv. no. Shape (cm) Width ness underside? Color Loc. no. Stratum Comments GC 1 TA70 G139 round 0.5 0.5 0.2 yellow 2540 HELL 2B/C GC 2 TA68 G62c round 0.6 0.6 0.4 dark blue 2310 ROM 1B or black GC 3 TA68 G62d round 0.6 0.6 0.4 dark blue 2310 ROM 1B or black GC 4 TA68 G62e round 0.6 0.6 0.4 green, 2310 ROM 1B pale? GC 5 TA68 G62b round 0.7 0.7 0.5 dark blue 2310 ROM 1B or black GC 6 TA68 G61 round 0.7 0.7 0.5 unknown 2310 ROM 1B GC 7 TA73 G31 round 0.8 0.7 0.4 x unknown 1421 ROM 1/later GC 8 TA79 G164 round 0.8 0.4 purple 8223 ROM 1B GC 9 TA69 G38 round 0.8 0.8 0.5 dark blue 3321.1 HELL 2B/C or black GC 10 TA69 G54 round 0.8 0.8 0.5 yellow? 2415 ROM 1A GC 11 TA68 G75 round 0.9 0.8 0.4 green, 2309 ROM 1B Several large bubbles visible pale in glass GC 12 TA72 G72 round 0.9 0.9 0.5 x yellow? 5119.1 HELL 2A–C † TA70 G154 round 0.9 0.8 0.5 x blue 1340 HELL 2B/C GC 13 GC 14 TA69 G68 round 0.9 0.9 0.5 x unknown 1228 ROM 1 GC 15 TA73 G23 round 0.9 0.9 0.5 amber 21313 ROM 1A GC 16 TA79 G33 round 0.9 0.6 x yellow 2807 ROM 1A GC 17 TA79 G280 round 1.0 0.2 yellow 8209 ROM 2 Engraved with quadruped standing right, possibly sheep or boar GC 18 TA70 G159 round 1.0 1.0 0.4 green, 2413 HELL 2C Very flat light GC 19 TA79 G99 round 1.0 0.4 amber 8223 ROM 1B GC 20 TA72 G16 round 1.0 1.0 0.5 x blue? 21305 ARAB GC 21 TA70 G149 round 1.0 0.9 0.5 x amber 2907 ROM 1B GC 22† TA70 G166 round 1.0 1.0 0.5 unknown 2429 00 † TA70 G134 round 1.0 1.0 0.5 yellow, 2139 HELL 2C GC 23 light GC 24 TA68 G73 round 1.0 0.9 0.5 dark blue 3211 HELL 2C+/ or black later GC 25 TA69 G69 round 1.0 1.0 0.5 unknown 1235 HELL 2C+/ ROM 1 GC 26 TA79 G190 round 1.0 0.5 blue, light 7623 HELL 2C+/ ROM 1A GC 27 TA80 G142 round 1.0 0.5 green, 8300 MODERN Underside has single groove light GC 28 TA78 G88 round 1.0 0.5 7115 ROM 1A GC 29 TA68 G65 round 1.0 1.0 0.5 blue, 2304 ROM 1B light? GC 30 TA69 G72 round 1.0 0.9 0.6 x dark blue 1233 ROM 1 or black GC 31 TA79 G252 round 1.0 0.6 x blue, dark 5421 ROM 1A 140 GLASS COUNTERS Length Thick- Concave Cat. no. Inv. no. Shape (cm) Width ness underside? Color Loc. no. Stratum Comments GC 32 TA68 G62a round 1.0 0.9 0.6 x dark blue 2310 ROM 1B Irregularly formed underside, or black bent and slightly concave GC 33 TA70 G170 round 1.0 0.9 0.6 blue, light 2801 MODERN Common small to medium bubbles visible; underside irregular GC 34 TA70 G147 round 1.0 1.0 0.6 yellow, 2904 ROM 1B dark GC 35 TA68 G60 round 1.1 1.0 0.5 x yellow 3015 HELL 2C GC 36 TA70 G137 round 1.1 1.0 0.5 x yellow 2112 HELL 2C+ GC 37 TA79 G236 round 1.1 0.5 x green 8225 ROM 1B GC 38 TA72 G15 round 1.1 1.1 0.5 amber, 2450 HELL 2B/C dark GC 39† TA70 G162 round 1.1 1.1 0.5 yellow 1334 HELL 2B/C GC 40 TA79 G222 round 1.1 0.6 x yellow 5.3 balk 00 trim GC 41 TA70 G148 round 1.1 1.1 0.6 x unknown 2139 HELL 2C GC 42 TA69 G61 round 1.1 1.0 0.6 x unknown 1234 HELL 2C+/ ROM 1 GC 43 TA80 G33 round 1.1 0.6 blue, light 8318 ARAB GC 44 TA72 G27 round 1.1 1.1 0.6 amber 2547/ HELL 2A–C 2523 GC 45 TA69 G59 round 1.1 1.1 0.6 unknown 2409 ROM 1B+ GC 46 TA69 G58 round 1.1 1.0 0.9 unknown 1233 ROM 1 GC 47 TA79 G8 round 1.2 0.5 green, 5308 ROM 1A light GC 48 TA73 G15 round 1.2 1.2 0.6 x dark blue 1291 HELL 2A/B or black GC 49 TA70 G150 round 1.2 1.1 0.6 x dark blue 2142 HELL 2B/C or black GC 50 TA79 G168 round 1.2 0.6 x green, 7420 HELL 2C light contam(?) GC 51 TA70 G140 round 1.2 1.1 0.6 x yellow 1326 HELL 2C+/ ROM 1 GC 52 TA69 G161 round 1.2 1.2 0.6 x colorless 1226 ROM 1 GC 53† TA70 G165 round 1.2 1.1 0.6 x green, 3405.1 ROM 1A light GC 54 TA72 G23 round 1.2 1.1 0.6 yellow? 2453 HELL 2A/B GC 55 TA72 G46 round 1.2 1.1* 0.6 blue, dark 2445 HELL 2C GC 56 TA70 G163 round 1.2 1.2 0.6 green, 2322 HELL 2C light GC 57 TA70 round 1.2 1.1 0.6 dark blue 2417 HELL 2C/ G164a or black ROM 1A GC 58 TA72 G59 round 1.2 1.1 0.6 unknown 1235/16 HELL 2C+/ ROM 1 GC 59 TA79 G147 round 1.2 0.6 blue, light 7514 HELL 2C+/ ROM 1A GC 60 TA69 G66 round 1.2 1.1 0.6 dark blue 1231 ROM 1 or black GLASS COUNTERS 141 Length Thick- Concave Cat. no. Inv. no. Shape (cm) Width ness underside? Color Loc. no. Stratum Comments GC 61 TA69 G70 round 1.2 1.2 0.6 unknown 1232 ROM 1 GC 62 TA69 G64 round 1.2 1.1 0.9 unknown 1234 HELL 2C+/ ROM 1 GC 63 TA79 G4 round 1.2 purple, 7512 ARAB dark GC 64 TA70 G126 round 1.3 1.2 0.2 dark blue 2417 HELL 2C/ Very flat or black ROM 1A GC 65 TA79 G117 round 1.3 0.5 color- 5312 ROM 1A less with purple swirl GC 66 TA79 G210 round 1.3 0.6 x yellow 7626 HELL 2C † TA68 G72 round 1.3 1.3 0.6 x dark blue 3205 ROM 1B/C GC 67 or black GC 68 TA69 G50 round 1.3 1.2 0.6 dark blue 2316 HELL 2C Slight ridge on underside or black GC 69 TA68 G69 round 1.3 1.3 0.6 dark blue 3211 HELL 2C+/ or black later GC 70† TA70 G160 round 1.3 1.3 0.6 unknown 2326 ROM 1B Irregular ridge on underside GC 71 TA72 G9 round 1.3 0.9* 0.6 unknown 2.5.234; 6/13/72 “locus cleanup” GC 72 TA80 G141 round 1.3 0.7 green 5547 ROM 1A GC 73 TA73 G4 round 1.4 1.4 0.5 dark blue 1402 MODERN or black GC 74† TA70 G141 round 1.4 1.3 0.6 x unknown 1339 HELL 2B/C GC 75 TA72 G69 round 1.4 1.3 0.6 blue, dark? 2359 HELL 2B/C GC 76 TA79 G194 round 1.4 0.6 blue, pale 5421 ROM 1A Underside has “three parallel ribs” GC 77 TA70 G152 round 1.5 1.4* 0.6 x dark blue 2325 HELL 2B/C or black GC 78 TA80 G2 round 1.5 0.6 colorless 7825 ROM 1C+ GC 79 TA73 G22 round 1.5 1.4 0.7 dark blue 21300 MODERN Irregular ridging on bottom or black GC 80 TA78 G91 round 1.7 0.6 colorless 7112 ARAB/ MODERN GC 81 TA78 G146 “round- 0.9 0.6 8105 ROM 1A ed” GC 82 TA78 G141 “round- 1.7 0.5 8104 MODERN ed” GC 83 TA69 G67 round, 1.2 1.1 0.6 x dark blue 1240 HELL 2C+/ irregu- or black ROM 1 lar GC 84 TA69 G39 oval 0.9 0.7 0.4 amber 2700 MODERN Edges and underside chipped GC 85 TA80 G97 oval 1.0 0.1 yellow, 7823 ROM 1B+/C pale GC 86 TA79 G269 oval 1.0 0.5 yellow, Surface MODERN Beginning of drill hole on dark one edge 142 GLASS COUNTERS Length Thick- Concave Cat. no. Inv. no. Shape (cm) Width ness underside? Color Loc. no. Stratum Comments GC 87 TA73 G16 oval 1.1 0.9 0.5 x dark blue 21313 ROM 1A or black GC 88 TA81 G134 oval 1.1 0.9 0.5 yellow 5923 ROM 1B GC 89 TA81 G95 oval 1.1 0.9 0.6 unknown 5.6 00 cleaning GC 90 TA81 G107 oval 1.1 1.0 0.6 yellow 5849 ROM 1B GC 91 TA68 G58 oval 1.1 0.9 0.8 green, 2112 HELL 2C+ light? GC 92 TA72 G58 oval 1.2 0.9 0.5 x unknown 1235/ HELL 2C+/ Underside highly contoured 1236 ROM 1 GC 93 TA79 G154 oval 1.2 0.5 colorless 7518 HELL 2B/C GC 94 TA69 G52 oval 1.2 0.9 0.5 dark blue 1233 ROM 1 Underside bent or black GC 95 TA79 G50 oval 1.2 0.5 colorless 7617 ROM 1C/ Underside described as later “roughened” GC 96 TA79 G231 oval 1.2 1.0 0.6 x blue, dark 5.3 balk 00 trim GC 97 TA79 G253 oval 1.2 1.1 0.6 x blue, dark 5319 HELL 2A Scored twice across top GC 98 TA69 G65 oval 1.2 1.0 0.6 x dark blue 1243 HELL 2A/B or black GC 99 TA73 G10 oval 1.2 1.0 0.6 amber? 2014 HELL 2C+ GC 100 TA70 oval 1.2 1.0 0.7 x unknown 2417 HELL 2C/ Underside bent, chipped G164b ROM 1A GC 101† TA70 G145 oval 1.3 0.8 0.4 yellow; 2413 HELL 2C Bichrome. Small protrusion pale blue- on end; wavy ridges on under- green side where colors meet GC 102 TA69 G53 oval 1.3 1.1 0.6 x dark blue 2417 HELL 2C/ or black ROM 1A GC 103 TA70 G128 oval 1.3 1.1 0.6 unknown 1272 HELL 2B/C GC 104 TA70 G161 oval 1.4 1.2 0.6 unknown 2138 HELL 2C Iridescent weathering spiral, possibly polychrome? GC 105† TA69 G55 oval 1.4 1.2 0.6 dark blue 2405 ROM 1B+ Small protrusion on long or black side, like a coin flan GC 106 TA81 G100 oval 1.5 1.2 0.5 colorless 5858 HELL 2C+/ ROM 1A GC 107 TA73 G39 oval 1.5 1.3 0.6 x blue, light 1421 ROM 1/later GC 108 TA70 G129 oval 1.5 1.3 0.7 x dark blue 2427 HELL 2C+ or black contam GC 109 TA68 G66 oval 1.6 1.3 0.7 x blue, dark 3012A HELL 2C+/ ROM 1 GC 110† TA73 G26 oval 1.6 1.4 0.7 x unknown 5203 HELL 2C– MODERN GC 111 TA69 G174 oval 1.6 1.4 0.7 unknown 2524 HELL 2C+/ ROM 1A/B GC 112† TA70 G125 oval 1.6 1.4 0.7 unknown 2324 ROM 1B GC 113 TA81 G50 oval 1.6 1.5 0.7 unknown 8439 ROM 1B GC 114 TA69 GXX Oval 1.6 1.3* 0.7 bark blue 2606 ROM 1C Irregular ridges on underside or black GLASS COUNTERS 143 Length Thick- Concave Cat. no. Inv. no. Shape (cm) Width ness underside? Color Loc. no. Stratum Comments GC 115 TA69 G71 oval 1.1* 1.1 0.6 x dark blue 1235 HELL 2C+/ or black ROM 1 GC 116 TA68 G68 oval 1.1* 1.2 0.6 blue, dark 3015 HELL 2C GC 117 TA70 G127 oval 1.2* 1.0 0.6 blue-green 2027 HELL 2A–C? GC 118 TA70 G158 oval 1.3* 1.1 0.6 x dark blue 2403 ARAB or black GC 119 TA70 G138 oval 1.3* 1.4 0.7 unknown 2112 HELL 2C+ GC 120 TA68 G59 oval 1.4* 1.3 0.7 blue, dark 2310 ROM 1B One end broken; underside chipped GC 121 TA72 G17 oval? 1.0* 0.9 0.6 blue 2546 HELL 2B/C Irregularly shaped GC 122 TA70 G169 oval? 1.1* 1.0 0.3 blue-green 2112 HELL 2C+ Very flat GC 123 TA70 G167 oval, 1.2 1.0 0.5 dark blue 2112 HELL 2C+ tapered or black GC 124 TA72 G25 oval, 1.3 1.0 0.5 x colorless 1235/ HELL 2C+/ Underside bent tapered 1236 ROM 1 GC 125 TA68 G76 oval, 1.3 1.0 0.5 unknown 2112 HELL 2C+ tapered GC 126 TA72 G11 oval, 1.3 1.1 0.6 x blue-green 2444 HELL 2C tapered GC 127 TA69 G63 oval, 1.3 1.0 0.6 dark blue 1227 ROM 1 tapered or black GC 128 TA69 G49 oval, 1.4 1.0 0.5 x unknown 2312 HELL 2C tapered GC 129 TA68 G78 oval, 1.4 1.2 0.6 x yellow 3004 ROM 1B/C tapered GC 130 TA69 G45 oval, 1.5 1.1 0.6 x unknown 2312 HELL 2C tapered GC 131 TA73 G24 oval, 1.5 1.3 0.6 x yellow 5203 HELL 2C– tapered MODERN GC 132† TA70 G131 oval, 1.6 1.3 0.6 x unknown 1349 HELL 2B/C tapered GC 133 TA81 G88 oval, 1.7 1.3 0.6 unknown 7.9 balk 00 tapered trim GC 134 TA81 G88 oval, 1.7 1.3 0.6 unknown 7.9 balk 00 tapered trim GC 135 TA69 G46 oval, ir- 1.4 1.1 0.6 dark blue 2311 00 Somewhat rectangular, with regular or black irregularly shaped edges GC 136† TA70 G135 oval, ir- 1.6 1.3 0.7 x black 2413 HELL 2C Irregular bumpy underside regular GC 137 TA70 G244 oval, ir- 1.8 1.5 0.7 amber 1356.1 HELL 2B/C regular GC 138 TA70 G153 rectan- 0.9 0.6 0.4 blue-green 2419 HELL 2C+ gular contam GC 139† TA69 G60 rectan- 1.2 0.8 0.6 unknown 2415 ROM 1A Squared off sides, probably gular marvered GC 140 TA73 G14 rectan- 1.4 0.8* 0.5 colorless 5201 ARAB/ Marvered, with squared gular MODERN edges, rounded top 144 GLASS COUNTERS Length Thick- Concave Cat. no. Inv. no. Shape (cm) Width ness underside? Color Loc. no. Stratum Comments † TA70 G133 triangu- 1.2 1.2 0.5 amber 1271 HELL 2C+/ Rounded top with one GC 141 lar ROM 1 rounded and two pointed corners GC 142 TA72 G14 irregu- 1.1 0.7 0.2 blue, dark 5105 ARAB 1/ Probably a chip or flake from lar with color- MODERN a vessel or other object less swirl GC 143 TA68 G64 irregu- 1.4 1.4 0.3 amber 2304 ROM 1B Flat, with five squared sides lar around perimeter GC 144 TA69 G160 irregu- 2.0 1.6 0.7 unknown 3321.1 HELL 2B/C Non-formed, possibly slag or lar glass waste GC 145 TA81 G64 un- 0.8 0.5 yellowish- 7847 HELL 2A/B known green GC 146 TA79 G5 un- 1.1 amber 5303 HELL 2C– known MODERN GC 147 TA81 G45 un- 1.2 0.6 colorless 8441 HELL 2A–C known contam GC 148 TA81 G80 un- 1.2 0.6 unknown 7832 HELL 2C+/ known ROM 1A GC 149 TA81 G86 un- 1.5 0.6 unknown 7940 HELL 2C known GC 150 TA81 G79 un- 1.6 0.7 unknown 7832 HELL 2C+/ known ROM 1A Glass Counters