(PDF) Бележки върху датирането и интерпр

Y ~ ~ ~ C M TPi3flaTeJICTBO ~TCKO ,,CB. h e m OXPP~~~CIM" Co+m 2010 C T ~ Tpurnemna ~ T ~ OTHOBO pe3ynrarn~eOT apxeonorwsecKuTe npoysearrnn Ha an- TusHnTe nnacTose wa o6em ,,KaneTo'' B M O H T ~KaTo H ~nonseprasa HnKou c~pa~nrpa$- CKK HeCbOTBeTCTBIIII, AOBeXkT BBnOCneACTBMe no HeTO'ZHOCTH B HHTepnpeTaUKIITtl Ha T03U o 6 e ~ IIopan~ ~. ronnMoTo Konxrecmo ennrpaQcm naMeTHuqn, npon3xomnaqn OT ToBa MZCTO, apXeOnOrHgeCKHnT O ~ ~ BK CbBpeMeHHa T MOHT~ UMHa ~M9KnH)qHTeJlHOBaXHa POJIB B n3cnenea~emHa pnMcKaTa ~ P O B M Mu3m H ~ KaTo IWIO. Cnen a ~ a n u 3Ha H ~ B ~ C T H WnoI T O ~ UMoMeHT apxeonomrecm n ennrpa$c~uMaTepuan ca HartpaBeHH 3awrmse~nn,3acn- raun TosaaTa noaanulaqnrr Ha Cee~kinnqe~o Ha A u a ~ aH Anono~,npennonaraehtm Boe- Hen narep.n qaBumoro cennme K ~ MHem, Kamo n ca Kopmupann HSIKOH N~BOAU, c~sp3a- HM c 061qa~axpononorm Ha 06ema H cbc ~ H ~ T ~ H UHa ~ Tu3pua O ,,regio Montanensis". Kn~o.rosud y ~ u M : o m a ~ a ,KpenocT, CBeTnnnue, anTnrHocT, Montanensis, Moesia, Auxillia. Krmimira Luka. Some Notes on Dating and Interpretation of the Ancient Site ,,Kaletomin Montana, Northwestern Bulgaria. The article considers one more time the results from the a~cl~aeological excavations of the Ancient strata at ,,Kaletoc' site in contemporary town of Montana emphasizing some stratigraphical inconsistencies subsequently led to inaccuracies concerning the interpretation of this site. Due to the vast quantity of epigraphic monuments descendent from here, the archaeological site in Montana is of great importance for the study of Roman province Moesia. On the basis of analysis of the hitherto known archaeological and epigraphical materials are drawn conclusions regarding the exact localization of the Diana and Apollo's Sancturuy, supposed military camp and civilian settlement connected with it. Some past conclusions about the chronology of the site and the meaning of the phrase ,,regio Montanensis" are corrected. Keywords: Montana, Fortress, Sanctuary,Antiquity, Montanensis, Moesia, Auxillia. AHTHYHIISIT 06em, pa3nOnOXeH B C'bBpeMeHHHSI r p w MoHTaHa, C o6caxna~ O apxeonornyecKaTa M H O ~ K P ~ T HB a HcTopHrecKaTa n m e p a y p a , OCHOBHO nopa- n u o r p o ~ s o KonurecTBo ~o e n u r p a + c ~ xnaMeTHwun, npon3xomsa,~qwOT ,,Kancro" nnu OTKPHTH c ~ y a i i npH ~ o H ~ K O ~ HpHa 6 0 ~ uB rpana (Ao6pyc~n,1890, 11-12; Ul~opnun,1892, 65; AoGpyc~w,1894, 97-98; E a c c a ~ o s a ~1894, , 5 5 4 0 ; Ao6- p y c ~ u 1, 9 0 0 , 4 1 4 2 , @ ~20; r . Q n n o ~ ,19 11,72; repoe, 1953, .N&e 1-8,32-34,39, 262-270, 173-177; h e K C a ~ n p 0 ,1970; Eomnosa, 1976; ~ ~ K c ~ H J I1977 ~ o a; B, h e ~ C a ~ p o 1980 B , a; 6 o m n o s a , 1987; B ~ ~ K-OAne~caHnpoB, B 1994). Ha 6a3a- Ta Ha ~ e 3 nnawn npe3 I B. rn e PerncTpnpaHo npucbmBHeTo Ha coh. I Claudia Sugambrorum veterana equitata, a KaM cpenaTa Ha I1 B. Ha ToBa MCTO ca HacTaHe- ~u BeKcmaunu Ha Legio I Italica n Legio XI Claudia. Cnen roTcame Haurecmun m cpenaTa Ha I11 B. Ha w c m Ha ~ e 3 rn a m e HamaHeHa coh. 111Collecta. lTpen- nonara ce, r e npe3 134-136 r. nopann BO~HHO-c~pa~erusecm uenH p a i 3 o ~ bH~a M O H T ~n H ~ nOJIHOT0 Te'leHPie Ha peKa OM Ca 6 n n npexB'bpneHu ~ K 5 M IIPOBUHUKX Moesia Inferior (Taseea, 2000, 60), a HacTrwrsaHen, Ha cnoMeHame eeltcena- uuu e H M ~ 3a O uen na 3acnnu BoeHHm K O H ~ BO CnoMeHmaTa ~ npoBuHunfl cnen u 3 ~ e m ~ e Ha r oLegio V Macedonica m narepa MY B Oescus. E n ~ anopennua OT ~anrpo6awHannucw, naTwpaHu OT ~ p m Ha I1 nomM cpenaTa Ha 111 B. cnoMeHasaT rpancm nnaxHocTn (I1 v(iri) p/r(imi)'; M]ontanus dec(urio) Mo[ntanensium?J; dcc(urio) M(unicipii) nnu dec(urio) M(ontanesium); D(ecurio?) M(ontanensium?) - B e n ~ o- s A n e ~ c a ~ n p1994, o ~ , Nag 12, 102, 116, 123), nopanw ~ o e nce , npen- nonara, s e ~aii-seponmono BpeMeTo Ha map^ A~penuiiM o H T ~ H e npnno6una ~ npaemo Ha M ~ H H U H ~ ~ ~ . M~CTOI~OJIOX~HU~TO Ha T%3U UUBNJIHa aiIMHHIlCTPaTUBHa eAUHMUa U nOCeIll ocTasa HewsecTHo. nopanu ~ a npuwna u 5. r e p o ~nonycKa camempaHem npe3 I1 M 111 B. Ha ,,emla H ~ ~ ~ B u c H M ~Tepnmpm, ... KOI~TO none nbpBoHasanHo He e UMaJla rpanCKM ue~l-bp", a B IE+3BOHWtUlHFiTeI I ~ ~ J I U K ~ H ~aU0U6 e ~ ~B.a BC~KO KIBOpH B 3a ,,BWC C KB%3HM)'HllUUnUtUlHaypen6a" ( ~ ~ P o1980,76; B, Ben- me, 1987, 10). E ~ H O B ~ ~ M c Toss ~ H caumnr H O a m p nonycrta, s e cnoMeHaBaHe- n, B ~ a n n n c n ~a regio Montanensis (in reg(ione) Mont(anensium; per reg(ionem) Mont(anensium)- B~JIKOB - A J I ~ K c ~ H ~1994, ~ o BNag , 22,59) sn3npa TepnTopmTa Ha r p a a , KOXTO e pZ3JIHYHa or regi0 Ha BOeHHHTe qaCTU, HaCTaHeHH T)K' ( B e n ~ o ~ , 1987, 10). Cnopen M. Taresa TepMuHaT regiones e caMo enHa m u 3 ~ e c m m e3a Doma M ~ 3 m (POPMU Ha WwHncTpupaHe, ~ o m HnMa o ~ ~ H O ~ H ~onpeneneHwe Y H O (Taqeea, 2004,59), noKm npcetiom uwBunHoro cennqe 613~ o m na o ce csapme FI C b C CbUeCTBYBaHeTD B pafio~aHa HflKaK5B BllKyC ( T a ~ e ~2000,85). a, H~M~B~CTHOTO Fi HenOKtUlH3FipaHO UUBUJIHO CenUWe npU M o H T ~ (H~~ e 3 a ~ ~ - CHMO OT HeroBus c 1 . a ~ oseBnnHo) e mano n 3 ~ a s u ~ e m ultoHoMurecKo o 3~a~e- Hue, alto ce can^ no c u r y p ~ mno~ann3npa~e Ha cTaHunn Ha ~ M ~ H ~ ~ C KMU^ O T O T ~ o K q e npenn 146 r. (Taseea, 2000, 87), KaMeHHmc n p y n ~ n3 a n e x ~B paiio- Ha U LIaHHWTe 38 nPOU3BOACTBeHU UeHTpOBe Ha TOBa MflCTO (B~JIKoB, 1940-1942; Ognenova-Marinova, 1987; Dimitrova-MilEeva, 2000, la), Karno u no Hannruem Ha 3HaYMTenHN BMnHM KOMlIneKCU, p%3nOnOXeHMB HeP3BwTe OKoJlHOCTU he^- CaWpOB, 1980 b; 1983; 1984). Te3u AaHHH, KaKTO U OYeBWHUTe npOTUBOpeYHfl B HHTePnpeTUpaHeTO Ha en~rpa(PclU35I MaTepHM, Ca H OCHOBHma IlpAsAHa na Ce 6bpHeM OTHOBO K 5 M n%PBOH3T09HHKaHa Ta3H UH$OPMBUUII, a UMeHHO apXeOJl0- rnreclwe npoywmm Ha xmMa ,,Kanm" B nHeruHa M O H T ~ H nposenenn ~, rn npe3 nepnona 1968-1982 r. 'Hanocnem~seTeHem Ha B. B e n ~ o se KopnrnpaHo Ha I1 (Secundi) ~(aletudme)Nericulosa) r(ecupcrati) - Ta~esa,2000, 87. A ~ x ~ o J I o ~ u ~ ~ co6em K R X ,,Kane~o" T e pa3nonoxeH B nepnaepm~aHa ca- BpeMeHHm r p M~O H T ~ Ha~sanannun , 6pxr Ha perta Oroc~a,B ~ P X Y~ O M U H U - panlo Han CaBpeMeHHm TepeH BasBULUeHHe. A M ~ o ~ ~ H L U H HIIpO~IBaHHfl T~ Tj'X 06xeama~nBa certropa: H ~ T O Yu ~3anane~ H (o6p. l), napeunT OT om pmrcpuea OCTaHKHTe Ha Ma14a6Ha 6 a w n u m ~ crpana a ( n y 6 n u ~ y e aK~aTO ,,Pa3~oll~Unpn c s e m u u e m Ha A n a ~ ua An0noH"- Ome~oaa-Mapu~oea u np., 1987), a BTO~H- nT - yxpenneme c np~16~~143~Ten~a nnolu OT oKono 1 xemap (Au~ses,2006, 85; Ane~ca~npos, 1987). B cemopa Ha C ~ e ~ u n u q (M~ToK) e ~ o ca perucTpupaHu nsa xpoHonomsecKH nepuona (unu , , ~ o ~ n n c ~ cnopen c a " n y 6 n a ~ a s u ~ ~1.aCB~TUJIM- ): qeH - OT BpeMero Ha A s r y c ~no napanenu cac c s m n n m e m m a cDumnu ( ~ e ~ e - HOC Ha cBemuqen, a paHHu sunose). 2. X p a c ~ v r n ~ - c ~cnen u Hasanom Ha IV B. (paH~oxpumnwc~a 6a3nnn~au nonnopna cTeaa, or KOXTO nponsxomsa npeo6na- naBaUZTa YaCT OT eIIEWpa@cK~fl MaTepUan, nO3HaT OT MoHT~H~)). XPOHOIIOTUXT~ Ha Kpenocva (3ananee c e m p ) e 3~asu~enwo no-cnoma, n i i Kam Ha M I I ca~ pa3KpUTU OCTaHKU OT XanKOJIMTa, 6p0~30BaTaU XeJlX3HaTa ellOXa. Cn0pen HefiHHX nscneno~a~en, Kpenocma e nocTpoeHa owe OT TpaKm. Cnen ~ p a ~ a i i c ~ wc- cm, Tame m'26 r. Ha ToBa mcm ce HacTannBa I Cyra~6pufic~a mxopra. Toaa y p e - nnenue, cnopen Hero, ce cnoMeHaBa npes 134 r. Kam praesidium, a OT 161 r. KaTo municipium. npes 253 r. r y e~ nocTpoena porta praetorian c Kyna, a npes 258 r. - ,,6yprG',3 a c ~ u n e r e n c ~ ~B aHannucu. ~u Kpenocrra nponanmasa cwecmysaHe- TO CN a npes nocnennaqme cTonerwi Kam Ha camom MncTo e perucTpepaHo a o 6 m a ~ a U~ npe3 e C~~AUOB~KOBU~TO ( A ~ ~ K c ~ H1987,7540; ~~oB, ~ ~ K C ~ W ~ O B , 1977 b; C T ~ H ~-~~ ~~OKBC ~ W 1983). ~ O B , BHRM~T~JIHUXT IIpOqPlT Ha pe3yJIIaTUTe OT apXeOnOIWYeCKUTe IIpOyYBaHMfl nocTaBn m m u mnpocu, KOUM He an n o s ~ o n n na ~ ace~ arnacuM c ropemnoxe- HaTa xpoaonornsecrta nocnenosaTenHocr Ha o6e~ra. U ~ T O Ycemop~ H (o6p. 2). C e m p e~pa3nonomeH B nonuomem Ha m M a ,,Kanem" u pas~pusaocTamme Ha ronnMa mcHoamsHa ~ ~ ? P J X H K ~ Jcrpana IH~ a npunexaqara t nonnopna cxea, B KOXTO ca BrpaneHW M H O ~ O ~ P O ~ apw ~ H Wc H a n I M C H (T.H~P. CTeHa C ap~Te).Bbnpem OqeBUnHSMT cTp0wTeneH IIepUOn, npU- Hamexam l ~ mctioaHmsnaTa b ~ enoxa, rnaBHuuT aHTepec Ha mcnenosaTenax B ~ o s cu e m p e 6un acpenoToreH m~ cBmnuqHuu nepuon. 3a Bceslol n o - ~ C H U apXMTeKT)'pHU OCTaHRU (BC~UHOCT CbCTamBaIllU OCHOBHaTa qaCT OT IIpOy'iBa- HUX cehT0p) naHHUTe Ca TBbpne OCK'bnHlHH U l7POTUBOpe'lHBFi. Kam OCHOBeH np0- 6 n e Ce ~ 0@0pMflHe CilMO nZIXP0BKaTa Ha U3CJleRBaHUTe CTPOeXW, HO A TIO(Ha7a wTpemiia xpoaonorun. Tam HanpnMep, cnopen npoyssaTennTe Ha 06ema, ocao- BUTe Ha 6a3mwm~aCa BKOnaHU B KynWHU OTnOXeHHfl C 06wa ne6WI~Ha1,40 M, B K O ~ T OXCHO ce pa3rpaHnsaBaT naa mama- enwHunT c ne6enana 0,50 M, npyrum - 0,30 M (~.e.c o6ma ne&nuea 0,80 M,a He 1,40 M).n o - p a ~ ~ uOmT T ~ ~nnacmBe U e c m p 3 a ~c pa3pymasaHem u snocnenmue w s c r a ~ o ~ n a a ~Hea m cauempa- Ha TOBa MflCTO XPBM, nOKaTO no-KaCHwiT - C OI(PHYaTeIIHOT0pa3PYLUaBaHe Ha xpma A npeBpaqaHeTo MY B X~UCTUXHCKUK Y ~ M B qeH-mp ( O m e ~ o ~ a - M a p u ~ o s a M up. 1987, 16). TaA KaTo cy6c~pyrcum~a Ha 6 w w n n ~ a ~c na n s a nupemHo ~ a p x y oceoBr?-reHa ~ a g - p a n ~ crpwa,a ~ a n n e n ~ n @ n u s p ac~xpaM, a H ~ ~ ~ H Oe3rpamnaae TO ce nampa HenocpencTseHo cnen pwpyluasaHeTo Ha crpanaTa OT e3nsec~nnnepu- On ( O I ' H ~ H O B ~ - M ~H~Ap., U H 1987, O B ~ 17). BC~IUHOCT AaTHpOBKaTa Ha T03U CeKTOp Ce YCJIOXHRBa W3KJIH)'IEiTeJIHOMHOrO OT IlPOTUBOPeYUBUTe naHHA 3a HaXOnKUTe Ha MOHeTI?( 0 6 ~ A 0 B ~n'bpBaTa ), OT KOH- TO - Ha KOHCT~HUHA 11(337-361) C OTKPHTa He #be nnacT, a EapXy nnacr- ,,B'bpXy TepacaTa Ha ~ w cTeHa n .... ( n e ~ o ~ ~ ~cTeHa p a ~cac a ~cnonnu a - 6 a . MOR)". T a u Haxonlta ce n3non3sa B ~ ~ ~ J I M K ~ I I M KaTo X T naTnpaq ~ eneMeHT Ha Hannnc Nc 25, c a o 6 q a ~ a q 3 Bb3CTaHOBflBaHeTO a Ha CpyTeHUR XpaM, KOeTO CnOpen B. 6 o x ~ n o s a e cTaHano no BpeMeTo Ha IOnnan O ~ c - r a n (361-363) ~u~ (~OXH~O 1987, B ~ 32). , Cauwrr Hannuc (norpemno umnpaH Ha c. 16 non Ns 24), OTKPUT mpxy no- pa^- HWI nnacT, OT C B O ~cTpaHa cnyxu 38 OcHoBaHHe 38 nampaHe Ha ,,~03uno-c~ap nomap" B ~ BBpeMem ,,npenu na yracne ~ y n Bn~ ~~A Y ~ C K O CBCTIISIIILU~'' TO (Or- ~ e ~ o e a - M a p n ~ wo snp., a 1987, 16), unu ,,npn O ~ R B X B ~ HHa~ x p ~ c m ~ c ~ ~3ac m o napxaBHa penunm" (Eoxnno~a,1987, 32). r o p ~ w nnnacT ~ OT c ~ o ncTpaHa ,, .... y 6 e n n ~ e n ~ceo csap3sa c Kpan Ha e3nrec~nnq m n pa3pyruasaHem Ha e3nre- CKMTe ~ ~ M ~ T H U U(UO" ~ H C H O B ~ - M ~ PPiHnp., B ~ 16) l l n H ,, ... Memy 330 H O1987, r., KOraTO KOHCT~HTMH B e n u ~ nO ~ X B X XpUCTPi B~ XHCTBOTO 3a mpXaBHa peJllTHR 337 r. - naTa, noncKa3aHa OT MoHemTe OT mopun apxmemypex KownneKc, n3rpa- AeH B'bpXy pUBanHHHTe Ha C B ~ T M ~ U I U ~( TO~ ~" H ~ H O B ~ - M l~4 np., ~UH 1987, O B17). ~ T.e., cnopen ~ a 3 uu ~ ~ o p ~ a qu en ~pR6Ba n na npweMeM, r e ~ c m n yn o c o s e m no-rope AaTkI, C'bWeCTByBalUHXT Ha TOBa M C T O XpaM e ~ I I S Ipa3pymeH, BnOCJlen- cmne B ~ ~ C T ~ H O(cnen B ~ H 361 r., cnopen nmHnTe OT nannnca) n HaKpan OTHOBO pmpyluetl (o~ono337 r. ?!), cnen KoeTo sapxy pa3sanHmTe MY sennara e 6una nOCTpOeHaXPMCTMnHCKaU5pKBa. BTOpaTa MOHeTHa HaXOnKa e OTKpPiTa B eMnneKTOHa Ha nOAnOpHaTa CTeHa Pi cnopen npoyYBaTennTe Ha Kane~onpuriannexn Ha Qaycmtia (306-337) (Omeno- Ba-MapPiHoBa PI np., 1987, 17). BC~IIIH~CT, aK0 B5npOCHaTa MOHeTa e K'bCHOaHTnY- Ha, TO TII 6n ~pn6eanona ce cmpxe c Qayc~a,canpyra Ha KOHCT~HTXH OT 307 r., Konro cTaea asrycTa npe3 325 r. n e y6nra npe3 326 r.=TaA KaTo 3a n3rpamna- H ~ T OHa BanpocHara creHa ca n 3 n o n 3 ~ a ~BTOPHYHO n romMo KonHrecTBo apn n KaMeHHa nnacmnrrta, ~ e f i ~ xpoHonornsecKa a~a no3uum onpeneneHo Moxe na &bne omeceea K ~ MBpeMeTo cnen prupyrummeTo Ha e3nrec~nnxpaM nnn WM Haranom Ha IV B. (cnopcn ~ o n c r a ~ aTo3n ) . nepnon Moxe na h n e onpenenen xaTo ~ p e mB o 6 u a ~ axpononornx Ha cemopa (6e3 perncTpupaH KynTypeH nnacT B ny6nn~aunn~a). Cnopen B. 6 o x n n o ~ a,,~a3umeHa ce npeepaqa n o - m c ~ oB ~ y 6 ~ T p y K ~Han nCTapOXpnCTllRHCKa 6wnnn~a"(~OXMJIOB~, 1987, 20), KOeTO n%K oTHacn n 3 r p a w a ~ e ~Hao xpncTnxHcKnn xpaM no speMe Ha cnenBam, r m % p m nepuon OT 061ua~aXPOHOIIOIUII Ha T O ~ Uc e m p . E ~ HnocneneH, H nem nepuon, e MapKUpaH OT XpUCnuIHCKU rpo60se, BKOIIaHU U pa3pyIIIUJIEi ,,IIJIoYHuK", CB'bp3aH a (~ O C AHeBHOTO HUB0 Ha ~ ~ ~ M J T P I K C~r p~WI lH T ~ ~ H ~ H O B ~ - MU~np., ~ U1987, H O B16~ w o6p. 20). no T O ~ WH ~ Y U Hnpw , ycTaHoBeHw nsa Kyn-cypHH m a c T a , n p e n n a r a H a T a ~ eT O ~ Uc e m p X p o H o n o r u a ce pmnpocmpa no o6qo n e T OT 1 1 3 c n e n o s a ~ e n ~~a n e p U O n a , 3 a TPW OT KOUTO KaTeTOPUYHO JTPInCBaT AaHHll B c T p a ~ U r p a I $ U ~Ha ~ a TO311 o6em. B c T ~ ~ T U ~ ~ ~ @pC a 3Kp eU3 XHa CeKTOpa (o6p. 2 ) H e '2 OTpa3eHO HllTO eAHO OT TC3U KYJITYPHH HaIIJlaCTIIBaHHX, HC C O T ~ C I I ~ ~U ~HUBOTO, H O no KOeTO AOCTHraT c y 6 c T p y K U U U ~ eHa pa3KpUTUTe apXUTelrrypHU OCTaHKU. no-rope ~ O C O Y ~ H M T ~ naHHIl3aTpynHllBaT U3KJIWYUTenHO MHOKl U H T e p n p e T a - U m T a Ha KbCHOaHTU9HWI KOMnneKC, pa3IIOJIOXeH B'bpXY OCTBHKUTe Ha aHTU'IHOT0 CBtXXnUlrre. CHJIHO BneYaTneHUe IIpaBU OpUeHTaUUrtTa Ha 6 a 3 U n U K t W ~ a ~ CrpZlAZl, a YIleTO OTKlIOHeHUe CnpXMO JIUHUXTa H3TOK - 3 a n a n e 40'. TOW @KT KOHTpaCTUpa c ~ o i i ncnopen n o n o x e H U e m Ha ~ ~ U Y ~ C K xUp aI M I , , n p M n o x e H m n n a H (o6p. 2) ( O I ' H ~ H O B ~ - M ~ ~ PU~np., H O B1987, ~ n n a H 3 U 5 ) e OpUeHTUpaH no IIOCOKUTe Ha CBeTa. P ~ ~ I ~ o J I o ~ ~ ~ HaHXpaMa U ~ T OB TIOCOKB, Pa3JIHYHa OT ICbCHOaHTUYHUTe C r p a n N npennonara )I p m n u s H a H u s e n a u m Ha T e p e H a B pm~mnepnon OT T ~ U Y,C T ~ O - BeHa IIpU IIpOyYBaHeTO. C U C T ~ M OT ~ T TpU ~ IIOCJIejXOBaTeJIHU TepaCU, OTpa3'2Ha B J I Y ~ J I U K ~ U U XCneAOBaTenHO T~, C'blUO 6~ ~pr6sanona h n e OTHeCeHa K%M BpeMeTO C n e n HaYaJlOTO Ha N B. O T W I O H ~ H U ~ Ha T O ~ ~ ~ W J I H K C~r pWa nHa , ~KOeTO T ~ npU Apy- M O ~ C T O X T ~ ~ C611 T BM~o r n 0 na &bneO ~ R C H ~ HCOOrpaHAYeHUIITa, KOUTO IlpePJIara T e p e H a , B CIIYYtU v 6 CMHC'bn, ~ K a M PaHHaTa C r p a n a Ha TOBa MIICTO BenUKO- n e n H o n e M o H c T p t i p a ~ m r u m Ha o W ~ M O ~ H O C T 3N8 ~ 3 r p a m a Ha ~ enocTpoi%~a, OpUeHTupaHa no nOCOKUTe Ha CBeTa. w e ~ p x 6 Aa ~ a IIOCOsUM C'bWO, qe CaMaTa 6 a 3 n n n ~ ace onpenena OT c B o n T e ~ 3 c n e n o ~ a ~ Ke ~n Tu O,,HepmKonaHa a ~emcnen- sma" u se o T p a 3 e H o m ~ a p x yn n a H o B e 3 u 5 B I I ~ ~ J I U K ~ U 3W aI Tc ~~ e ~ Ha a ~~ ea 3 u C r p a n a C e 6 a 3 1 l p a Ha B W U M U Ha nOB5pXHOCTTa OCTaHKU ( O I ' H ~ H O B ~ - M ~ ~ UU H O B ~ np., 1987, 15). Banpem T o m , p a 3 ~ p u ~npen m a n c W a T a Ha ~ ~ ~ U J I ~U OKY ~H TU ~K C e CBap3Ba C nHeBHaTa XOnOBa nOB%pXHOCT Ha Ta3N C r p M a ( K O ~ T OOIIpeAeJIeHO 6~ ~pn6sanona nane 653MOXHOCT 3 a n a T A p a H e Ha 6a3UnUKaTa) ( o I ' H e ~ 0 B a - M a - pUHOBa U np. 1987, 15), a pa3KOnaHUTe 5 rpo6a, BKOnaHH Ha OKOJIO 20 CM B T03U IlJlOYHUK (cII0pen B W M a T a , ~ ' ~ J I ~ O Y Ha W Ho6p. ~ 20) - C B p e M e M C n e n HIIKaKBO ~ ~ ~ ~ C T ~ O %Ha CCT aBWOa T a CrpEL.Jla. M 3 n o x e ~ m no-cy~ e na cao6paxe~nnH e Hm n o 3 ~ o n n ~ an p~u e M e M 6 e 3 p e 3 e p ~ ~ o KaTerOpUYHaTa UHTepnpeTaQUS Ha ~ ~ ~ U J I U CKr p~a nHa . ~& T ~ T~ U ~ O B KHa ~ TT~a l l n o c T p o i i ~ asenmx ,,He ~nom n o - m c ~ o(YT B p e M m o Ha o ~ p n s a ~ mHaoe 3 ~ ~ e c ~ u n KJ'JIT'' ( O ~ H ~ H O B ~ - M ~U Pm., O B ~17) Pi BTOpU n'bT n o - m C H O OT W3TpaSI(- U H1987, n a H m Ha n o n n o p H a T a c T e H a ( ~ . ~ ac p T e. H a c a p x ~ eo~ono ) 337 r. - Ome~osa-Ma- PUHOBa A m., 1987,20) neMOHCTpUpa HenOCTaTaYHO npeUU3HaTa n O K y M e H T ~ U U X , s a 3 o c H o s a Ha ~ o m ce o mrepnpempa c r p a n a T a . JInnca~aHa ,,~acan"M e m y cno- nUUTe Ha XpaMa I3 C ~ ~ C T ~ ~ K U HaU 6a3IlnUKaTa ~ I T ~ ( O I ' H ~ H O B ~ - M ~ ~ UUH O B ~ np., 1987, 17) He Moxe na 6ane w 3 n p u e ~ a K~ ~a T On o K m a T e n c T B o 3 a nHpeKTHoTo 113- r p a x n a H e Ha ~ T ~ ~ a p x py a 3 s a n m n T e Ha x p a M a , mii K ~ T Oe n B a nn n o - K X C Hcrpana MOraT na & n a ~IIOCOqeHIz MHOrO I I P A M e P A , B KOATO OCHOBA H a M O H y M e H T m H a crpana c n n e a T sapxy H a c u n , 6e3 na n o c T u r a T 3npae H n o c T a T a s H o y c ~ o i i s uTe- ~ P e H . OT .4pyra C T p a H a , IIpAnOXCHHTe K a M I I Y ~ J I I I K ~ U H X TCHHMKA ~ nOKa3BaT C P S - HYlTenHO e n H a K B a TeXHAKa H a A 3 T p a l K 4 a H e KaKTO H a OCTaHKHTe OT ~ ~ ~ H J I I I K ~ ~ T TdKa A H a ,,~o~~o~H , , o x~ d"n H A I I " 3 U n , a A M C a U O U H a HaApeYHATe T p a E e X A . f h ~ a n eB ~ Y ~ I I I I K Y B ~ H IU' T~~~ @ U Y3aCHeMaHAII HII H e e O T P a 3 e H @BKI%T, Y e W- n p o c ~ n mnonnopew 3un ,,ce npeepaura no-K~CHO B C ~ ~ C T P Y K U AH R a CT~POXPAC- TAXHCKa 6a3ma~a"(Fomnosa, 1987, 20). H a n p o ~ KaKTO ~~, B CT~~TE~I'~~@CKI~~ pa3pe3, T a K a A B XOpH30HTanHOTO 3aCHCMaHC (o6p. 2) TOE C nOKyMeHTFipaH KaTO n p n n e n e H no c e ~ e p o u r 3 ~ o c~T~ e Haa~Haa ~ ~ ~ H J I H KT.e. ~ T n~ u. n c s a T n o c T a m q H o KaTel?OPHYHM OCHOBaHYUl KaKTO 3a I l b P B a T a n a T A p O B K a ( H ~ ~ O C ~ ~ ~ C CTn eRn ~pa3- H O p y U I a B a H e T 0 H a e3AYeCKAX X P ~ M ) , T Z G l U 3a B T O p a T a (no-K~CHO OT k I 3 V W i u l e T O H a nonnopsxn 3 ~ n ) . Mome na ce npennonoma, qe K a T e m p u r H m T O T K ~~a ~ ~ c n e ~ o ~ a ~a ~enu~ T 0 3 A CeKTOP na n p U 3 H W I T U CaOTBeTHO na P e m C T p A p a T K Y n l Y P H A OTJlOXeHWII, n p U - H a A J I e X a W I I H a KbCHOaHTHqHUII I l e p A O n , e OCHOBHaTa U p A Y A H a 3a 0 6 ' b p ~ a ~ U H~ e H a M e C T a IlapaAOKCaJIHA 3aKJIK)'IeHAII, C W P 3 a H A C H e r O B a T a XPOHOJIO~AII.AKOMO- &) n HeTHATe HaXOAKll ( B C ~ W H O C Tn O C T a 6 n A 3 ~ Hno B P ~ M ~ a ~H H T e p n p e T P I p a H A H e K ~ T Oa H n a K a T o p 3a ~paunamaduma H a comnnnuero anu 3a navanwama duma H a XPACTMXHCKaTB U b P K B a (38 KaKBaTO A H T e p n p e T a U W I KPaCHOpeYABO rOBOpA A3- n o n ~ n a ~ aH oa T e p M n H a ,,~apxynnac~a",,,~apxy~epaca~a"), a K ~ T O~ ~ H T U ~ H - U A p a U A C'bOTBeTeH C T p O A T e n e H n e p U O n , TO MOHFXaTa H a K O H C T ~ H U11 K, ~OTKPATa ~ ,,~apxynonmx nnac~",n o r u q H o 6u T ~ I I ~ B W Ina O npmamemu H a m p H m n n a c T , K O ~ ~ Tno O R c n K a R e p o r r T H o c T M o x e &a &ne o T n e c e H K ~ H M e p e m c T p n p a H m a npe- H C 6 p e r E I a ~It5CHOaHTHqeH n e p F i O n B C e h T O p a . Ha T a 3 A 6a3a, T B % p n e BepOflTHO A3- m c w a npennonomewnem, se u e n u n ~K o M n n e K c e 6m ~ 3 r p a n ee n~H o s p e M e H H o WB BPCMC, O n p e n e n e H o OT n n e T e M o H e T H n H a x o n K t i ( n b p ~ a n~oan o B n n a ~a IV B.) A Y e p a 3 K P A T H T e n0.4AOPHA A O T p a n H A 3 M n O B e C a 61m~ CB'bp3aHH no HIIKaKaB Ha- YAH c y K p e n B a H e T o H a T e p e H a , n p e n H a 3 H a Y e H na n o e M e T e x e c r r a H a e n H a nocra- T a Y H O MOHYMeHTanHa CI'pBnEl, KDKBaTO '2 ~ ~ ~ u J ~ A K Wnoclpofi~a I H ~ T ~ (OKOJIO 21 M n a n m u H a A H a n 10 M U M P O Y A H ~cnopen n p u n o m e H w n n n a ~ ) . Karo C e UMaT I I p e n B A n B e Y e IIOCOqeHATe HenOCT?lTaqHO KOpeKTHU n a H H A , C B 5 P 3 a H A C IIPOYYBaHeTO H a KbCHO2lHTAqHAR n n a C T B TU3A CeKTOP, KaKTO A @aKTa, V e ~ ~ ~ A J I H K W IC H r p ~a AT a~B C a U H O C T H e e npOYYeHa, ~ ~ ~ ~ H K Y B ~ ZlPXUTeKTYP- H o T o HO 3 a C H e M a H e M A39ACTeHHIIT CA~NI?CKII T W H a ~ ~ ? A J M KC~B U T O~ H e M O r a T na Gana~n p u e M a m 6e3 p e 3 e p s ~B nonanaeme, B K o n a H m e B ~ e I ? ~ ,w, nr n o s ~ a ~ " XPRCTWIHCKA T ~ O ~ O(38 B CC 5 X W I e H U e 6e3 r p a @ k i ~n~ K y M e H T W W I , KOIITO na OT- Oa p a 3 X B a KOPeKTHO TIIXHaTa OPUCHT~UYU~)H e CaMO A H n A K B p a T CABH n o - K b C e H ne- p ~ o n HO , A cnopcn A ~ J I ~ O ' I M H CM ~ T ~~a B K o n a B a H e ( ~ O ~ T ~aM HWBOTO H a nnoy- H H K ~ )n p e n n o n a r a T n o - r o m ~ aswcoqma H a T e p e H a , a K T y a n e H npu A ~ W ~ I I I B ~ H ~ Ha norpe6e~m~ ( sa e p o n ~ ~n noa c T , KOATO H e e n o K y M e H T u p a H unu K O ~ ~ TeO 6 ~ n p a 3 p p e ~B n o - p a ~ ~B poe M e , npem H a Y a n o T o H a p a 3 ~ o n ~ ~T~oe~)anpennona- . raeMO TIO-KXCHO HHBO, OTHeCeHO K'bM XPOHOnOrUXTa Ha ~ ~ ~ P L J I A 6~KMOIlIO ~ T ~A,a Ce CB'6pXe C I I ~ ~ ~ C T ~ O ~HCa TCrpanaTa, BO npM KOeTO TepeHST e 6nn IIOBfiHmaT ~ a g - ~ a Han ~0,50 o M mu, K O ~ T Oe no-~epo~.mo, na noKyMeHmpa cnHpaHe @WK- qnoHnpmem Ha T ~ crpana. H Banpe~ re~6a3nnu~a~a He e npoyqeaa, BwaMuTe ocratim Ha noBapmocrra 6u ~prr6~a.110 na oTpa3nBaT ~ e h nocnenen,m a He n%p- su nepnon Ha u z r p ~ a ~T.e. e , uMeHHo cnennTe OT npeyclpoE~a~e Ha crpanara 6~ lpfl6~Ut0na 65naT H ~ G - J I ~ c H opa3nPiYUMU H nOKyMeHTkipaHH npH JIHIlCa Ha npoysBaHe B ~ M ~ O Y U H ~ . kI3noxe~o~0 n o w Hn n o s ~ o m naa HanpaBm cneaHuTe ~ ~ K J I I O Y ~ H ~ ' 1. Apxeonorurecm~eIIpOyYBaHHfl B T.Hap. c ~ e ~ n n u H qae A u a ~ a Anono~ B IIOllHOHClleTO Ha X'bJIMa Ka.lItXO B M O H T ~ pa3KpHBaT H~ BC'bLUHOCT no6pe naTMpaH C M O H m CTpOBTeneH IIepHOn OT II'bpBaTa llOJIOBUHa Ha B. TOG Ce Csbp3Ba C n3rpamsa~e~o Ha nonnopHa, Hnsenqarqa TepeHa cTeHa, 3a ruiiTO rpanem ca u3- n o n 3 ~ a ~mmMo u Konurecmo cnonnw or no-paa~aenoxa 2. ,Qampos~mano cpenaTa Ha IV B. e aKTyanHa caMo 3a npoyyeHaTa nonnop- Ha CTeHa, HO He U 3a 6a3~imK&mla~a CIpana, 3a KOIITO He CbWeCTBYBaT HUKaKBU YCTaHOBWPi no apXeOnOrkiYeCKPl II5T XpOHOJlOrHYeCKH naHHU. B TO311 ~JIpal%, Ka- TempurHaTa uHTepnpeTauun Ha 6 a 3 u n ~ ~ KaTo a ~ a,,paHHoxpncmHcKa uapma" e H~%-M&JIKOTOnpr?6'bp3a~0. 3. He C5UeCTByBaT HNKaKBU OCHOBmWI HaLlnUC N2 25 OT pa3meWrulaTa ny6- JlllKWWI, ~ b 0 6 ~ a ~ a L IB53CTaHOBIIBaHeTO I38 Ha e3UYeCKW1 XpaM, na h n e naTHPm B 361 r. KllU no-K'bCHO OT OCTaHUtHTe, Pa3KPXW B IIOnIIOPHm 3IIn HannWCW. OT- KptiBaHeTO MY eAHOBpeMeHH0 C MOHeTa Ha K O H C T ~ H11 UH Ae~IIPOTHBOPeYW ~ Ha 06qaTa xapamepumKa Ha mcHoaHTurm cTpowreneH nepuon, npn KOO KaTo CTpOHTeneH MaTepHm Ca 6 ~ 1 uPI3IIOJI3BaHH M H O ~ O ~ ~ O % no-paHHHHU 06pa60Te~~ KaMaHll C HW4IIHCn. BC~UHOCT B. B e n ~ oJ3 ~r. ~ ~ K C ~ W B'bIIpeKEi ~ O B Ye ,o~6e- J I ~ ~ Bnaneorpa@c~n ~ T oco6e~ocm,xapamepHu 3a no-~acaaenoxa, n p n 3 ~ a ~ a ~ Pi H3nOJI3BaHeTO Ha ,,CTapU @ 0 p ~ y nnpU ~ " BbnpOCHWi HWIIHC ( B ~ ~ K-o hBe K - caWpoB, 1994, 22, NG45). k I 3 p m ~,,ternplum... ex suo restituit" npncacma B ~ B B C U Yn~o,3 ~ a mOT pemoHa cqomenaa nannncu OT BpeMeTo Ha map^ h p e - nu%u JIyunG Bep (Ratiaria, B ,Qo6pyc~n,1890,27; rponzourutl,LU~opnun,1891, 148; B ~ K O-Bh e ~ c a ~ n p 1994, o ~ , 30, NG59; lima Cnamuna, W~opnun,1891, 153). AKOIIPIleMeM U3JIOXeHUTe nOTj'K cao6paxe~un,He CaWeCTBYBaT HIlKaKBIl OCHOBaHHX na Ce IIpenIIOnara pa3pyIUaBaHeTO l4 BnOCnenCTBHe sb3CTaHOBXBaHeTO no BpeMeTO Ha KhEia~O T C T ~ ~ H HaMe3UYeCKW1 K XpaM, KOeTO C 5 C CHrypHOCT 6~ OCTaBuJIO XCHO pa3Jlr?YUMt4C T ~ ~ T H Q ~ @CnenM. CK~ 4 He ca Hannue HmaKBn apxconornrecKIf naHHn 3a naTnpaHem Ha m a p ,,csemnnmeH nepnon" B ~ B~ b n p o c ~ ncemop. n Eisxnio~men~o ocmmaTa UH- @ o ~ M ~ I OTW% TepeHa He AmaT HUKaKBO OCHOBaHHe TeMeHOCST Ha CBeTIlJIHLUeTO na 6ane nOKaJlH3HpaH HMeHHO Ha TOBa MIICTO. 5. B n 3 c n e n ~ a ~cme m p ca noxa3aHn c q a ~ u r p a l p c ~caMo u m a clpomnHU IIepUOna, IISpBWIT OT KO- 6e3 YCTmOBeHa naTHpOBKa, HO no-paHeH OT BTOptiX, YHCTO BpcMe nonana B napBaTa nonoBnaa Ha IV B. HenpoyYe~a~Fi 6a3unu~a6n MOrna na 6ane enHOBpCMCI3Ha C BTOpXIi IICpEiOn, HO El IIO-KbCHa OT Hem. P~~KPEITH- Te B nap. nnoyHfiK r p 0 6 0 ~ ecnopen n b n 6 0 ~ w ~ ca a ~Haa BKonaBaHe npennonaraT Owe no-K'bCHO BpeMe, KOeTo CnOpen HanHYHHTe B ny6n~KaUAIiTanaHHA CbUO He Mome na &ne onpeneneHo. 3 a l l a n e ~Ceh-rop (o6p. 3 Pi 4). O Y ~ B M ~Bp3Ka H ~ T ~Ha CBeWJMUHHIi KOMIIneKC C, pa3nOJlOXeH Ha CbIUOTO MxCTO Izrm B ~ J I E ~ ~BOeHeH O C T , UCHTbP e AOKYMeHTHPaHa OT M ~ B ~ C & M LlOCera T~ HW40 BOeHHll JIHUa, 0Ci"RBBIIM nOCBeUeHWl Ha IIOYllTaHIITe B CBemnnqem ~ O X ~ C T BCnopen ~. ~ 3 c n e n o ~ a ~Hea m 3 a n a n ~ mc e m p Ha o6ema BoeHHom yrcpenneeue, CAHXPOHHO ~a CBeTunuqHm nepaon, e 6 m o prunonoxeHo Ha XTdIMa HaA CBeTlmPIQeTO ,,HnH e 6ano B nOnHOXUC?TOHa xbnMa OKOnO 113BOpa Pi owe He e prulcpm" ( A n e ~ c a ~ n p 1987,75). o~, B naTepa?ypaTa 3a BpeMem AOGM 134 r. Tom yKpenneHue ce onpenenrr K ~ T Opresidium EI nocmnHeH narep Ha Cohors I Claudia Sugambrorum (Sygamboroum) ( T e p a c ~ ~ o1970, ~ a , 24) (I Sugambrorum tironum, I coh.Sug. ve, I coh. Syg. Ve, I C1. Sygambru~nvet. Equitata - Tare~a, 2000, 101). ~ ~ o K Y M ~ H T Ue~kl~ IIpeXBapJMHeTO HO Ha BeKCkLUinaUHH OT XI KJIaBrrr?e~ M 1 ~ I T ~ ~ & cnemoa K H npe3 155 n 160 r. (Taqe~a,2000,88; ~ Z ~ ~ H1999,157,170). OB, npC3 n5pBaTa n0nOBEiHa Ha 111 B. CC IIpeLmOJIWa IIOCTOXHHO IIPHCbCTBAe Ha BOeHHa enuHuua NCR, pruqerena K ~ T ON(umerus) C(ivium) R(omanorum) ( B e n ~ o 1987, ~, 10; B ~ ~ -oh eBa c m n p o ~ 1994,3-4, , N? 3; 12, NC20). B apxeonomrecKu nnaH ~ e 3 naHHr.i, u O T H ~ C X I I I ce ~ ~ a m mrnexcna, o no BpeMe- TO OTKbM KpaIi Ha I B. (cn0pen RaHHXTe 3a Cyra~6pPificKa~a K O X O ~AOKbM T ~ ) Cpe- naTa Ha 111B., C O W T 38 HUU4EIeTO Ha IJJIFiCT, naTllpaH ~afi-0640,,He no-KbCHO OT BTopaTa IIOJIOBElHa Ha 111B." ( ~ ~ K C B H A P1987,61,76). OB, T a 3 naTa ~ Ce OnpenenJl OT naHnaTe 3a nocTponsaneTo Ha porta praetoria c Kyna M burgus, a3eec~nuOT nBa HafinHCa, C'bOTBeTHO OT 253 1? 256 C ( B ~ ~ K-o ~B I ~ K c ~ H 1994, B , N?Ns5, ~ ~ o 4-5, 6). Cn0pen B. B ~ ~ KOTOIIbpBWl B OT UMTRPaHIlTe HilPIIHCA Ce BUXIla, Ye YYaCTUe B ~e3C u ~ ~ o e r ne u~ 3 e n cohors a III Collecta ( B ~ ~ K o1987, B , lo), 3a r u m npucacmee Ha TOBD MIiCTO AMa Owe nBe CBHneTenCTBa C norm CAHXPOHHa AaTa - 253 U 258 r. (B~JIKoB ~ o B , 4,N? 4; 55, N2 33). r. A J I ~ K c ~ HUA~HTU$U- - A J I ~ K c ~ H A 1994, ~~oB UWpa BMJpOCHMTe CTPOeXU C pa3KpHTHTe 3ananHO OT CeKTOpa C%C CBWAIIHUIeTO @ O ~ T U @ A K ~ ~ A O H CbOpbXeHAIi HU (AII~KCBHAPOB, 1987,7&66). He Mome na He HanpaBu BneraTneHue cunHoTo npoTuBopevue MeHcqy enm- ~ ~ @ C K naHHHH T ~ 3a BOeHHO IIPIICbCTBPIe (KpaIi Ha I - CpenaTa Ha 111B.) Z l AaWpOB- KaTa Ha KpenocmoTo caopameHuc (cnen cpenaTa Ha I11 B.). Pa36upa ce, OT enna clpaaa, ~ e u 3 c n e n s a ~OuC~Tc~ H K HOT P ~ H H OyKpennTenHo caopameme (3a mmoTo CaUeCTByBaT ~ O A ~ T MKOT H )nPYra - 3aTUXBaHeTO Ha @ ~ H K U U H THa~ CBeTMnHUe- TO om o6ycnmx w nuncam Ha nmnn, 0 6 ~ a p 3 a ~c nenurpa@c~a M~TOTHUU~), 6uxa MOrnki na 06flcHXT TOBa pa3MUHaBaHe B%B BPeMeTO MeWy enPirpa@cKkiTeII apxeonowYecKIiTe peanHocTu. B TOW c n ~ a f 06ave i 6u T ~ I I ~ B U Ona npueMeM KaTO ~ p a f i naTa~ a Ha CBeTMnMUHNIi IlepkJOA ? y K CpenaTa Ha 111 B. U r n , H ~ B J I A ~ ~ ~ ~ K A B Ta3A KOHKPeTUKB, We ~pIi6Bana Ce CbrnaCHM, Ye nOCTpOXBaHeT0 Ha BO~HHO-@OP- m @ u ~ a q u oyKpenneHue ~~o Ha Tosa ~ n c m e cnoxuno ~paiiHa c a q e c ~ ~ ~ y s m e n , Ha CB~TUnUIWTOHa ,@iaHaU Anono~.Kon~crroU HeCbBMeCTUMO C b C 3aKnH)YeHU- Haeo6ema na e Toea mpnenue, Ha more MecTa B TeKcTa nTa H a u s c n e n o ~ a ~ e m r. A ~ ~ K C W nonsepsa, ~OB se naTupaHuTc B cpcnaTa Ha III B . @opu@u~auu- OHHU c q o e x u ca BmnaHu B nnacT, canapxaq @ p a r u e ~(I~ Tu M P ~ M O P H Uc r a m , pene@uH n a M m u w c n m a c m Hannncu (AJIeKcaWpoLX, 1987,60-61,76). A m meceM ~ e 3 u~a6nmne~un K ~ BereM pa3menaHaTa xpoHonorm s u3ms- nun c e m p Ha o6ema (Cserunume) me ~prr6sana n p u 3 ~ a ee ~m n 50-ronumea nepuon, B ~ o i i TepeHm ~o HC e 6un u3non3sa~ - Memny pa3pyruasaHem Ha c s m - nwmem B cpenaTa Ha 111B. (cnopen R ~ U I H U T(I~T ~penocrra)u nocTponsaHero Ha mMnneKca OT nonnopnu 3unose B Haranon, Ha IV B. (cnopenMosie-raTa,HaMepeHa B eMnneKroMa H a 3una). K m o ce eumna, ~ e 3 unaHHu O ~ P K B ~owe T nonese u 6e3 Tosa HenocTansHo npequ3~a~a naTupoBKa Ha o 6 e m . Pm6upa ce, npu emu sese npultnmsunu apxeonomsecm npoyrsaxun u 6e3 ~ w 6 x o w ~ rpa@us~a a~a noKyMeHTaqun, e nosm ~ e s a 3 ~ o m nao&ne u3sene~ao 6 o c ~ o s a ~ u anompene- H a crr Kareropuwiu AaHHu ~ e s a3acnraqa , xposonomTa u cacrrser~onomrHaTa naTUpOBKa Ha OTAenHUTe CTpOUTenHH IIepFiOAU. T ~ M KOXeM Aa O & P H ~ M BHUMa- Hue caMo Ha H ~ K O ~ KKocseHu O @ a r m , KOUTO uMaT OTHomemie KL.M U ~ B ~ C T H O T(M O pa3Konme Ha pa3rnemnanm o6em. lIpenua3~ase~uem Ha BoeHHaro yKpenneHue, onpeneneHo B Hannuc or Qpn- run c TepMuHa presidium (Qunos, 1906,72), e pmm KoMempaHo B h n r a p c ~ a ~ a nmeparypa, H a nbpeo ~ n n uMeHHo o nopanu @am%re TaKosa yrcpennerlue He e npoyreHo B Moma~a.He 6e3 3 ~ w e ~ euue 0 6 c ~ o n ~ e n c ~ sre 0 ~n, 0 npuiiannexu , K>M KaTTTOpMTa BOeHHU nyHKTOBe, W U T O P. M B ~ H O BHapUYa ,OnOpHU TaPHU30HU m s mqeur~ocrra",npu mero u36pnsa caMo nsa TaKusa o6ema - 7 0 3 B~ MOH- TaHa u s e p o m n m u ~ e p a 3 ~ p noqe ~ o panno yKpenneHue Ha Abritus (MB~HOB, 1999, 170). Ko~eHT~paiiwl TepMuHapresidium C. Top6ams ro pa3rpaHuraBa crr U 3 B e m Hll.4IlUCU Ha T P ~ K U ~ ~ KIlPUOBUHUUanHH T ~ YnpaBUTenU OT 15 1-1 56 r. bur@ u phruri xam U ~ T ~ HerOBaTa K B ~ , , ~ O - O C Ononomenue ~ ~ H O B cucreMaTa 3a n p o s m u a m a nqemHa C U I ~ ~ H O C T "O. C B ~pa3nonoxeHumo H Ha n a g - s a m m OT cxpaTerurecKa rnema TosKa MecTa, C. Top6ams npennonara u 3~asmemio no roneMH pamepH Ha yKpenneHuxTa, 03~arasmuc T O ~ UT ~ P M H H ~m , u rapHmoH, cbCTaBeH OT KanPOBU BOeHHOCnpCeUU ( T o ~ ~ ~ T 2000, o B ,17). kIHTepe~H0e na Ce o6ap~eBnuMaHue o6are, se 3a cera H a TepuTopusTa Ha 6bnrapun n u n c m apxw- norusecm s a c ~ ~ m e n m npuMepu, a~u ~oum na neMoHcrpupm pamuma Mex- ny narepuTe Ha penoBHuTe noMoqHu BOACKU,03~asa~anu am castra /castrum/ castellurn u ~ e 3npwaannemam ~ , c~mH oa Kanpoeu Boennocnyxequ, HapusaHu presidia. Kamo cnpasennnBo 0~6enrr3saC. Top6moe, , , n o H m m presidium u3- rnewa HuKora He ce e oTmrasano c nomarasno ncnma u c HnKaKsa cqora ~ e p - MuHonorurecKa onpenenenocr", HO 3a speMero npenu pan Ha I1 B. c x q m a~ m p npemara uHTepnpmauun, cmp3a~anpem n c u m c yKpenneHm, npenHa3nareHu 3a ebTpemara curypeoc~(Top6a~os,2000,15, 19). B C ~ I ~ H OMMeHHO CT BbnPOCbT 3a PaHHMTC BOCHHM JlWePM, pa3nOnOXeHM W3- BbH CMCTeMaTa H a ~ T ~ ~ ~ H M T c J I H ~ no KpCnOCTM ~ nMMeCa, e I4 OCHOBHaTa np!-illMHa, M O H T ~naH OCTaHe ~ nOYTM U3URnO B IlepMi$epMIl~aH a HayCIHMIlUHTepeC, HaCO- ' M npOyYBaHe H a PUMCKaTa 0 ~ 6 p a ~ M ~ eCUCTCMa YeH Kb i r ~ a B HaUlMTC 3CMK. X ~ C I ~ T ~ 3a ny6nrtparua nyHaBCKaTa rpaHUUa JlA~efi~ OaT ~ ~ ~ H HCM TCT CCM ~aH ( 6~a 3 u p a ~ a o6aye H a nanHMTe OT uwmpaHme no rope HannMcu OT 151-156 r.) He ce npHeMa B ChBPCMCHHaTa H a F H a nMTCpaTypa ( T o ~ ~ ~ T2000, o B , 16). HPi~bneo 6 a ~ eH e C e IlOAnaraT H a CaMliCHMC UaHIlMTe, 3aCllNUM nMCJIOKBUMllTi3 H a IlOMOWU B O ~ ~ C Kn0 U npOTCX(itcHMC Ha BaXHHTe IlbTHH apTepHM BaB BbTpeUlHOCTTa ( ~ ~ ~ c E M1970), o B ~ , YMMTO JlBTepM, aKO C e B3eMaT H IlpejlBUA naHHUTe OT M O H T ~ 6~ H ~~, p 6 s a n ona i$na~mtpa npoxonn ~~a f i - B ~ M M T~ Ha C ~ a p annamHa. J I ~ n c a ~H aa HayqeH mmepec, n p 0 6 n e ~ a ~ ncc~06ycna~x HacoqeH K ~ M~ a 3 u a If OTYa(J171 OTMBaPIl H a IlbJlHaTa JIHnCa Ha apXeOlIOITiYCCKM npOyqBatllm B CbWdTa HaCOKa. A0 1990 r., KOraTO 3an011BaT IIpO~IBaHKXTaH a T.Hap. ~ p a k I l b CTIIHUM ~~a npw c. J I o ~ e q(Tporr~c~o),aHTulrHaTa Sostra (Xpwcm~,2006 a, 11-13; X p u c ~ o ~ , 2006 b, 3arnaBHe), KaKTO BCYC BMAXXMC, P. K B ~ H OYBCIUlBa na OTnenH CaMO ABa ,,OnOpHii raPHK30HM BbB B~TPCLUHOCTT~", R3BeCTHW KaTO naEpM H a IlOMOXUHU BOECKNno namn OT c n ~ r p a @ c ~nua~Mea w q a . B a n p e ~ Ye ~ i yKpenneHAeTo npu C. ~ o M ~C! M. I3BeCTHO OTnaBHa KaTO EIyKCManeH narep Ha 6a3a pa3KpHTHTe H a TOBa Mncro Hannncw c oi$nuwane~xapamep (X~KCTOB, 2003,3 1-42), enBa cncn 3 a n o ~ - e U3IlCHeHa HerOBaTa IInaHMpOBKa M YKpCnMTCJlHa CMCTe- BaHeTO H a ~POy'lBBHHIlTa Ma, OTrOBapUUla H a CTaHnapTHHTe XapaKTepUCTMKH H a pHMClulTe BOeHHM JlarepU, npoyseHII no nyHaRCKK8 JIHMeC (KB~HOB,1999,228-239, X~HCTOB, 2006 b, 112). 6e3 na ~ m n u 3 a nonpo6~o ~c B~ r u w a p o 6 n e ~ a ~ nrue o6e~t1n ~ a cnoMeHeM , canno, YC CneMeHTH KaTO npaBObI%JlHa lIJlaHOBa CMCTeMa, OpUeHTMpaHa npw6n~3rnemro no ~ O C O K M THa~ CBeTa M pa3nOnOXeHHe B CPaBHUTenHO PaBHNHHa MeCTHOCT, H e Ca CpCn OCHOBHMTe XapaKTePHCTMKM H a IlPO)TeHOTO YKPenJleHAe DPA M o H T ~T.c., ~. CMHXPOHHUTe naHHM 3Zl IIPMCbCTBUe Ha IIOMOUlHM BOeHHM WCTM, M3BeCTHM OT enM- 3B~OPA - 134 r. M O H T ~(A~CKC~HIIPOB, ~ ~ R ~ $ c K uHT H~ 1987, 75) M 147 r. - C0cTpa (XPACTOB,2006 b) H e OTrORapXT Ha chOTBCTHM CMHXPOHHM apXeOnOrMYeCKM KdH- HU OT nsaTa 06eK~a mu owe no-TOYHO ~ a ylcpenneHnem, narep - n o ~ a n n 3 a u n 1 l Ha H a cob. I Sugambromm B M O H T ~~H ~ x yxanMa K~JICTO bp enna nn 6n ~ p r r 6 ~ a nnao ce npueMa 6e3 pe3ep~u. A ~ H H H3aTorue~ nBa nono6~n,HO Bce o u e H ~ I I ~ O Y L ~ ylcpennennn, ~HPI nonrcpe- IDIT IIPenIIOJIOXHWCTO, YC IlOCTOllHHIlTe JIarepM Ha PHMCKRTe IlOMOUHH YeCm H a TepHTOpWlTa H a CbBpCMCHHa 6%nrap~rr enBa JlH 6 ~ xMa OrJlM na Ce HH~~TU@UIIHPZI c o6e1m OT Tuna na ~ J BUM O H T ~ H Owe~ . npe3 1904 r. 6. AI~KOBNY onpenenn KaTO ,,3HaYMTCnCH PMMCKM BOeHeH narep" OCTaHKH OT 06em, nOKUH3APaH OT Hem OKOIIO c. CMO~XHOBUM ( 0 6 ~M . o H T ~ H J~i)a.r e p b ~ e 6un ,,pa3nonoxe~B MecTHocT- Ta, B KOIlTO C e c a 6 u p a ~IIbpBUTe Bonn H a Un6pnqa" M ,,C M M U nnaH Ha MnRM qeTMpMbEnnHMK C RbJIXMHa OKOJIO 190 X 150 KP~YKII" (,@KOBWY, 1904,28). npe3 2008 r., IlbpBMTe npOy'iBaHMX H a M3BeCTHaTa OT Tabula PcLItingeriaIIa Conbustica, pmnonomewa no c. Knanopy6 (06111. AHMOBO) pcrncvnpaxa npasoamnHo yrcpe- nneHne c pmMepu 140 x 110 M, qwnro HaranHa naTa ( ~ c owe e HenompncHa no mHomeHue n3nnra~ernHa KpcnocTnom caopaxe~ue)Moxe na 6ane onpeneneHa npes napaaTa nonosma Ha I B. (JIYK~, 2009)'. BhnpeKU ocKanHaTa sacera HH@OP- MBUAII, OYCBMnHO e CaBnWeHReTO B 6 m o s u ~ eXapaKTCpMCTHKM Ha M ~ ~ P O ~ H U T ~ 06eKTH C BCYe U3BeCTHHTe TaKUBa OT MHaBCKWl nHMeC, KOeTO OT CBOII CTPaHa nOKa3Ba, Ye ~OKaJlA3UPaHeTOHa IIOCTOIIHCH BOeHeH narep Ha IIOMOmHa YaCT B pa- iiona Ha M O H T ~enRa H ~ nu c HsonHpaHo ReneHse. J I o m ~ a o~ 6a a ~ noncmsa, e re TO3U narep 6~ T ~ X ~ B W na O Ce TbPCM B VdBHHHHHTe TepeHA OKOnO HJIH B 6nn3oc~ no ItpOyYeHHX 0 6 ~ 1 ~HA1 .XbnMa KaneTo, a He B'bpXy Her0 CaMOTO. Banpew cpananTenHo xunoTmsHun cu xapamcp, npennoxeHweTo 3a Be- OXT THO TO caurccmynaiie Ha npyra, Bce owe ~ e n o ~ a n ~ 3 n BoenHa p a ~ a 6a3a B 6nu- ~ O C Tnna B p a G i o ~ ~Haa CaepeMeHHa M O H T ~HH H ~~ O ~ B O ~naX pa3rnenaMe B ~ H cb06~e~YrnTa 3a clpoemnTe B CpeAaTa Ha 111 B. non no-pmneqe~aran. Yno~pe- 6 a ~H aa TepMMHa porn praetoria He~ByCM~CnCliO HaCOYBa K a M BOeHHHII XapaKTep Ha ylcpenneHaem, K ~ MK O ~ Oe npaeannexana. on an^ Ha T. Ane~camposna npmoxu .cneua+uq~a~a TepMnHonom, xapamepHa 3a puMcKuTe BoeHHH narcpa KhM IJJIaHMpOBKaTa Ha Kanem, n p n u CePM03HU BbSPaXeHUII. Ha n5pBO MXCTO, HansqueTo Ha Porta Practorla n onpeneneHseTo Ha naneH sxon Ha Kpenocrra KaTo TaKaB 6~ T ~ X ~ B W I Ona (iane Ha 6a3a~aHa pa3rpaHM1JaBaHC OT OCTaHaJlHTe BXO- noBe, B cnyqan Ha BoeHHnTe narepn - Porta Decumana, Porta Principalis Dextra U POI?^ Principalis SiIliStra, KaKBHTO 09eBIi4HO JINnCBaT IIPH Pa3meXAaHAII 'IyK o6em (o6p. 4). IIpenu3su~saHenoyMeHac a am^ Ha usrpamaa~eHa cneuura- neH 3m, npenHmHaxieHna pmrpaHnvn Via Sagularis B Kpenoma (Ane~cannpos, 1987, 64), Tbg KaTO OCHOBHaTa $YHKUUR Ha Ta3H YnYIua C na OCUZypU C B O ~ O ~ H O IIpOCTpaH~O,~ e o 6 x o n n 3a ~ onBPiXeHHeT0 Ha B O ~ H I ~ I Z X TnCo v a 8 KYPTHHaTa, no- KaTO B KOHKPeTHHIl cny'Ia8 C B O ~ O ~ H O TnpOCTpaHCTB0 O e 02pUllU~eHOHMeHHO Ype3 H3rpam4aHCTO Ha BbnpOCHHX 3Hn (06p. 3). P X ~ ~ J ~ BC Ta3M ~ ~ HCBeTnHHa, O npe.4- nonoxeHumo 3a arHacnHe u s r p a x n a ~ e ~Ha o Porta Praetoria R tunis K ~ Mnpen- IIOlIaraCMMX M HeJlOKaJ1113HPaH BOeHeH JIaI'ep H e H3UIeWa TOJIKOBa HeBepOXTHO. Owe noeese, r e B Hannuca, cao6wasaw 3a T O ~ Mc v o e x H ~ P H Y H Oce cnoMeHasa n HMeTO Ha BOeHHaTa YaCT - C O ~ 111 . C0ll. T ~ rpn6sa K O ~ ~ P HBHUMaHMe ~ M PI Ha @a~Ta, Ye B'bB LVOpMX CTpOHTeneH HanIIUC, H3BCCTeH OT M O H T ~U Hcao6waeaw ~ 3a CTpOHTenCTBOTO Ha burgus TOBa HOBOnOCTpOeHO ~ T ~ P ~ H U T CaOp%XCHHC ~ ~ H O HcpaycMvlcneHo e pmrpaHuqcHo OT ,,castrensium et civium Montanensium". OTHOBO, 6e3 na HaBnH3aMC B n a n 6 0 ~ n B~ Ta3U a n p o 6 n e ~ a m ~Ule a , T P I I ~ Bna~ o T ~ ~ J I ~ x uHMOCHOBlIMTe XapaKTepHCTMKU, KOHTo C. Top6ams M3BeXAa OTHOCHO TepMuHa ,,burgus'', a m e m o : ManKn yrcpenneHnn cac cnoMararcma, HO OTHOCH- ' IIpoy~nannnraHa anmpa npez 2009 r. peruclpapaxa nnacr, naTnpan Mexny ynpannennem Ha Knananii n panno@nannesoBpeMe n campmam peaaua naxomn, nprreannemalulr K ~ M ~~UIUTBOTO Baophmenne, m m o @ a n nKaTempnvno noKa38aT BoeeHHo npncbcTsne Ha Tona M ~ C T Oome n Pam- ronnnn na p n ~ c m sanoeoanne ~o na nonyoclpona. TCJIHO He3aBUCUMa @yHKunfl;KBWpaTeH IIJlaH C PUMepU He no-mneMU OT 10 X 10 M;noHe nBa mama u caMo ennH ~xon,pmnonoxee B cpenaTa Ha enHa m c ~ p m u - Te; HaA3eMHHXT IX3.XYeCTO Ce nOU5pXa OT B'bTpeLUHU IIWIOHU (TOP~ZITOB, 2000, 19-2 1). P a ~ p m a r Ba ~ a i i - 3 a n a n ~ ayam ~ a Ha 06cma map. ronrrMa Kyna (o6p. 3) oTroBapn norm n 3 m o Ha nocoreHnTe no-rope x a p a m e p u m u c u3wrmre~ne Ha nnaea, ~oirroB c n y ~ a nMoxe na 6bne 06flcHeH c U ~ U C K B u~ orpanuremi- ~ ~ T ~ ma, KonTo Hanara TepeHa. Cnopen u3cnenosa~ennHa o6ema T.Ane~ca~npoe ,,m- mMaTa Kyna e cTpoeHa ne ebecenr ednoepenrenno c ocTaHanaTa ~ p e n o c ~(Ane~- " CaWpOB, 1987, 77), KOmO IIpCnnOnara H C ~ H ~IlbpBOHaYWHO T ~ CaMOCTOXTWHO mqecTByBaHe n c s m e ~ n~noe ~ ~ u @ u q u p mire cac ~ o cnonnenm B Hannnca m 256 r. burgus. A e i i m n ~ e n ~BanpeKn o, re nnncaa KOHKP~THOonucame B caMm EKCT,Ha man 6 B n y 6 n n ~ a w ~ (o6p a 3) KypmHaTa e npencTaBeHa K ~ T Onpu- nenena K ~ M,,ronnMaTa ~yna",r e . 6e3 KoHcTpymBHa ~ p 3 noMexay ~ a m, a KO- ~ e ~ n i p a fcia~que m p a n e m Ha n o - p a ~ ~c~bn6wue o ,,B ~ a i i d a n a n ~ racT a ~ a Ha cesepHaTa KpenocTua cTeaa, ycnopemo Ha BaTpeluHaTa nnHnn Ha cesepHaTa Kpe- nocma cTeHa (Ha 1,10 M m en) u 6m30 no KynaTa (?!)" cnoMeHaBa u caMaTa ~ y p - Tma ,,rum0 ~ ~ C T ~ H Oyam B ~nMaH ~o r e p m a %a no Kyna~a"(Ane~campo~, 1987,63). OTBCWYKO mBa Moxe na ce 3ammqn, r e mnpeKn npencTannHa mpxy rpa@us~m nnaH Kam npnnamexamn K ~ MenuH u caw nepuon ( m n m a ~ aKyna, npunexauaTa ii W H a , umHaTa n o p a n KpenocmaTa cTeHa B m3n c e m p ) (Ane~ca~npos, 1987,62, nnm 6; 67, maH 7) (o6p. 3 u 4) T.Ane~ca~npoe nce naK 3aCTbIlSa Te3aTa 3a IlLpBOHaYWIHO CaMOcXOFiTenHOTO C5lqeCTByBaHe Ha BaIlpOC- HaTa Kyna. 0.mcnenm na npneMeM, r e aKo ronnMaTa Kyna e 6ma nocrpoeHa B c a m e r m u e c Harmuca 3a u 3 r p a x a a ~ e ~Hao burgus npe3 256 r., TO ocTaHanuTe n3cnen~aunracm OT yKpennTenHn c a o p x e a m mpxy m M a K a n m ca 6mu n3nnma~nB enuH nocnemau nepnon. & e ~ m @ n q n p a ~Ha m Mmwiara n o p a n npmexaqma ir Kyna cac cnoMeaamx Porta Praetoria cum tunis OT uannnca OT 258 r. ( A n e ~ ~ a r i s1987,5960) p~~, e npnrnna B n y 6 n u ~ a m na a npnacTgaT en- HOBpeMeHHO &WenaTnpOBKH Ha YKpenUTenHOTO C%O&l%XeHEie ( ~ P . H o B ~ ~ MC ~ HHo N- nnMaTa Kyna u no-~acaoOT romMaTa Kyna). Am npneMeM o6are, re mnpocnum nannnc ce omacr KaM eBeH-cyaneH noenen narep c Heroson, ~ a ~ a 6pamonoxerl e, Ha npyro M ~ C TTO O BTopaTa , narnposlta n3rnemsa nocranrao npueMnusa K a m 3a xpoHonornnTa ua yrcpennenna mpxy xanMa, TaKa u 3a cBmnwuem, pano- noxeso B HeroBm nonrrome. M 3 r p a m a ~ aHa yKpenuTenHon, caopxenne Ha Toea MCTO cnen Haranon, Ha IV B. 6n o6nc~unoronnMom KonnrecTBo p a - B~JIUHU, n3non3~a~n OT Bere ~ e @ y ~ ~ ~ n o ~ ncneninnqe p a u w ~ oH 6n ce snncano JlOI'WYHO BbB BOeMO-HCTOpnYeCKaTa O ~ C T ~ H O BUO K ~BpeMe Ha Pi Cnen Terpapm- r ~ amram , ~ a p x yw m a Tepnmpm na cbepeMeHHa Eanrapnn ca pemmpnpam nono6~umponxnnu neiiaocm. M HaKpan, q e ~ p n 6 na ~ au 3 ~ a x ue ~owe enno npennonoxenue, cmp3a~oc penrcTpnpanuTe ~ a f i - p a ~ urpanexuu OT PUMCKWI nepnon mpxy m M a K a n a . 3a cbxaneHue cnoMeHamTe Haxontcn Ha MoHem OT BpeMa Ha h r y c -~ KnaB- nuti, K a m H Ha BHocHa terra sigillata c nesaTu Ha Gellius ( A n e ~ c a ~ n p1987, o~, 60-61) He ca 06mp3mn c xpononorunTa Ha HUTO emH OT no-pmuu~e3woee. B nonuHeHne, TWHO Ha MCTOTO ( U ~BH6 ~ 1 8 3no 0 ~~~e r o )m , n m ca peruclpnpma Te3M PaHHU ~ O C T P O ~ ~ Ke HBKOIIaHa U CpenHOBeKOBHa 3eMJEZHKa. Ha 1 M n0n HUBOTO I Ha nona Ha ronnMaTa xyna ( A n e ~ c a w p o 1987,72), ~, ~ o a cBencna Bb3MOXHOCTUTe 3a UHTepIIpeTaUUX Ha PaHHUTe 3UnOBe. Bce naK, B KoHTeKCTa Ha a m o x e a r n no-rope npemonoxeenn 3a noKanmnpme Ha camempamwr Ha o no M U H H M ~ M TOBa M C T O BOeHeH JIarep W3mH PaMKIlTe Ha KaJleTO, me Tprr6Ba na n0nyCHeM opraHusHa ~ p 3 H~a cnemTe a OT o 6 w ~ a ~ Ba ~ aei i - 3 a n a n ~ asacT ~ a Ha mnMa c I (PYHKUUOH~~~IUO HaT ToBa O MCIOcrrerurmme. O c ~ o s a ~ 3a Hue ca Ha nspBo mno orpamreuma ~epumpnn,Ha KOXTO ca npoyreeu ocramn u emsa npemonoxe- i OT T.HaP. TeMeHOC Ha CBeTlmEilWTO, KaKIO U nOnYUHeHOT0 AM Pa3IIOJlOXeHUe B i nonHoxueTo Ha mMa, a He mpxy camx m.n o n o 6 ~ ocwypaHe ensa nu MOXe na 6ane UlTieCeHO K 6 M 3HaWi'KJIeH CBeTUJlWIUeH UeHTbP, KaK5BTO 6e3 aMneHne e cpyH~uuompanHa msa mm. &KT e, s e nHpemm nocnn K ~ Mu3- I ~ o p an, p u e ~ 3a a ~c p e m a a sac^ ~a c ~ e ~ u n u m e camecmynan e~~ u OT ~ati-BUCO- KaTa sacrHa wnMa, K a m TOMnrnu OT pmKpurma OT T.A n e ~ c a ~ n nmpHa po~ (Ane~cawrpo~, 1987.70). H a n n w a Ha sacr OT MacmeH 3m c ne6ena~a1,30 M (3amneu OT mxHaTa m H a Ha n o - K ~ C H~penocr) ~ T ~ (Ane~ca~npoe, 1987,58) (o6p. 3) caqo He nponirropesn Ha ~ e 3 a ~ye a ,Tarluram ua xanMa e cacramsana opraHusHa sacT OT rmaHnposKaTa u apxllremypara ua c e e r u n a m a . nocnen~ure npoyrBaHnn Ha nono6e~,cBeTwMmeH no cson xapamep o 6 e n B Mesnpa, noKm- BaT aHaJIOlXYHa CulyaUHX, np&i K O m BapX)' CXOneH, nOMUHUpaul. Ha.4 OKOnHm Te- peH WJIM Ce pa3BUBa 3HaYUTmeH KjWIOB UeHTbP enHOBpeMeHH0U naXC DO-KWH0 OT U3TpaWmeTO Ha c r a 6 m ~ (POPTH@WKW&~OHHO o CbOpXeHHe Ha C5LUOTO MXCTO (Top6am~- raaeuo~cm,2006, 267). M a ~ a pu HOBO u HeperncTpnpaHo nocera rrmeaue, yrcpenaaHen, Ha 3 ~ a s a ~ e n~ ~y nu l y p ~uempose u c uen nonbnawTenea 3 a q u ~ aHa m c m m He npoTuBopesn Ha normma. K a m sme HMaxMe BX~MOX- HOCT na nonsepTaeM, u3rpaxna~emHa 0~6pauuremucucTeMu oKono HeBoeHHn 06enw e O ~ O C H O B A M OOT rneAHa ToYKa Ha TXXHOTO 3HaYeHMe KtWO HKOHOMuYeCKH, KyJl(YIITYpHU A CPeAAWHU UeHTPOBe, AaTWpaIUO BepOnTHO OlUe IIpenU BpeMeTO Ha ~UMCKOTO3 a ~ o e ~ a (JIya, ~ n e 2006, 168). Kam o606qmue Ha Ka3aHoro n o ~ ~yp~r 6 s ana HanpaBm cnemure u3sonn: 1. ~ H B U J I H O T O CeJIUUe B M O H T ~6u H T~~ X ~ B ~ J IAOa Ce TbPCU OKOJIO HJIU B ~ ~ H ~ O noCBoeHHua T narep. nornrta~anoncrtmsa, s e H TYK,Kano B penuua npym cnyrau, TBapne seponmo cTasa Banpoc 3a pmpacmaHe Ha K ~ H ~ cenwme, ~ H O run- n, ucropusec~acan6a e npmo c ~ a p 3 a c ~ BoeHHun a narep. 2. @ ~ H K U U O H U ~ ~ I U OBT MO O H T ~CB~TUnUUe H~ Ha Atia~aU A n o n o ~e 6 m o pmnonoxeso no-c~opompxy caMoTo ~a3~uuretiue ,,KanemU,r m n , mnorpaac~a no3uqnn e u 3 ~ n r n s a ~ e nnonxonrrqa ~o 3a culyupmem Ha nono6e~3 ~ a s u ~ e n e ~ Kynms ueHnp. P m ~ p u ~ Bu ~ , , eC T ~ Hc~apu~e" T ~ BennKonenHn npuMepu Ha Ka- MeHHa nnacrulca npennonaraT camecmpaHeTo Ha MoHyMemanHa crpana c no- MnHupauo nonoxeme cnprr~oO K O ~ H H XTepeH, suer0 MCTO ~ p x 6 na ~ ace n p c u BLPXY H ~ ~ ~ - u ~ I IBNCOYUHHa B ~ H W ~ TOYKa Ha X%nMa.Moxe Aa Ce nOnyCHe, Ha 6a3a CPaBHCHHC C KIOCJIeruMTe IIpOyqBaHMfl Ha CBeTMnHUeTO B Meznpa, Ye T03H rCyJlTOB UCHl%pC npMTeXCaBWl ( ~ O HBCIlbpBMTe I7JnMHU OT CBOCTO c'bIUec~BpaHe)co6cr- Bena JamliTHa YKpennTenHa cncTeMa, wnu e Hacnenun TaKasa. 3a caxanerine, Ha- YanHaTa naTa Ha i + y ~ ~ ~ r u o ~Ha n pcBemnumcTo a~e HC ~ o x na e 6ane YcTaHoBeua Ha 6a3a naHHHTe OT apXeOnOrUqCCKUTC IIpOYYBaHWl Ha TOBa MflCTO. Cn0pen nOC- BemTeniiuTe Hannncn, I T ~ O U ~ X O OT ~ ~TL~UK ToBa ~, BpeMe Moxe na h n e ome- ceHo K ~ McpcaaTa Ha I1 n. 3 a n l e a ~ e mHa c s e m n n ~ ~ e caw0 r o He e nonrcpenerro C nOCTaTb~IH0KaTCrOpHqHH @KTM. RCHOe CBMO, Ye no BpeMe7Y) Ha KOHCT~HTAH B e m ~ Han Tosa MXCTO ca 6wnn npennpuem n o m a n s n o 3 ~ a ~ u ~ npeyc~pofi- en~u cTsa HOB^ Hnsenaqun Ha TepeHa, noKyMempaHa OT w3rpaxna~e~o Ha cncTeMa OT Tepacn no cesepHns CKJIOH Ha xmMa n nonnopHH 3 u n o ~ K e ~ TIIX), M KOHTO He ce ca06pa3IIBa~C no-PaHHHTe apXUTeIcrypHH FpaneXH. C~IU~CTBYB~ IDllIIMa BepOnT- HOCT mBa npeympoficmo na e c w p 3 a ~ o u c n 3 r p a m a ~ e mHa c a M m @op~n@n- KalMOHHO CXOpXeHUe B5PXY XWlMa. 3. Coh. I Sugambrorum, Kame npennonara M. Taqcsa, c 6una HacTaHeHa TYK Ome npenn ~ ~ ~ K U ~ ~ C BKOH~ T~ CHHaH MMnepaTOp T p m (Ta~esa, ~ 2000, 101). K a ~ oce B3eMaT IlPCnBHlI U LlaHHHTe (M nOCJleAHWTe IIPOY'IBRHHII Ha WenneHAeTO IIPA C. Knanopy6 ( ~ H T u ~Conbustica), H~T~ KbneTO BOeHHOTO npHC%CTBVee nOKa3aHO O I W no BpeMem Memy ynpasneHum Ha KrIaBnHfi w O n a ~ u n ~Moxe e , na ce nonycee, Ye PMMCKaTa BOeHHOlTOiTKMYeCKa CTPaTeTHII OT CPenaTa II BTOpaTa n0nOBIlHa Ha 1 B. e BKJllosBana A HaCTaHllBaHeTO Ha ayKCHaJlHM BoficKM Ha KnIOYOBM MeCTa, @JIaH- Kuparun npoxonme Ha C ~ a p nnaunna.a H ~ ~ ~ B U CKaU KM meO6ane HapeqeHo ToBa nBneHue: ,,BTopa 0 ~ 6 p a a a ~ e nnnHm,~ a ny6nwpama nyHascKnn n u ~ e c "( H ~ T O K - 3anan) HJIH , , 0 ~ 6 p a Ha ~ aOCHOBHUTe BOeHHH IIbTHU a ~ p U H ("c e ~ e - p lor), npU- C~CTBMETOHa ayKcnanHn ennlinqn, pa3nonoxe~uno nuHunTa Ha C ~ a p a nnaHnHa c @ a n ,no6pe nmclpwpaa H OT e n n r p a a c ~ m enaMemuuu 3a BpeMeTo OM ~ p m Ha 111 B. (o6p. 5). 6 % n e ~ l $no-3anan60~le~n ~e npoywamn B ~ a 3 uHacoKa 6nxa nann 6ora~U H @ O P M ~ T I I B ~ HMaTepnan, 3acn1-au 3 o ~ a Ha~ anapeuwa oKynauwn Ha cesepnm m n Ha 6 a n ~ a ~ c nonyocTpoB ~ns H BoeHHocrpaTernsecxun nonxon npw C53nWaHe'NJ H anMMHHcTpHpaHeT0 Ha IIpOBliHUUflM H ~ H U . 4. P a i i o ~ aHa~ M O H T ~ HeKOJlKOKpaTHO H~, H3TbKBaH KaTO KnlOqOB 3a BOCHHoTo A UKOHOMUYeCKO pa3BUTUe Ha npOBHHUKS MH~PIX, He T X ~ BH~He MOXe na 6bne prurnemaH am npeueneiir Ha a o ~ Ha a o6mom BoeHHononnmqecKo pa3snTue Ha IIpOBUHqHPTa HJlM no-TOWO, Te3aTa ,,pCrPIOH 6 ~ TanCKM 3 ~eHl3p''611 T ~ X ~ B ~ O na h n e npeocMncneHa. OCHOB~HHC 3a mBa Tmpnenne HH nasa Ha napso MCTO H3KJIKYlHTWHO HHCKaTa CTenCH Ha apXe0nOMYeCKM IIPOYqBaHKR Ha BHTUYHIIII ne- pnon, cnMnloMaTuqeH 3a m a n r e p m p m Ha cbBpeMeiiHa Ce~eposanan~a 65n- rapua, pe3ynTaT OT m e m e xpomwaTa ,punca Ha n a ~ ~ u m " ,3 n p u e ~ a ~B aperm- ua cnyraw 6 y ~ ~ a nn~oo-.K O H K ~,,nnncaTa~ O , Ha namlu" 3a BoeHHnrr narep npu M O H T ~HeH614 ~ ~pn6eanona ce u3non3~am m no~a3mencrso3a mncma Ha c w n narep. B r a n HacoKa o q e no-Gpana~re~ c npuMepaT c ,,mmcaTa Ha nmw" 3a npu- a c m n e Ha BoeHHu racTn B Ratiaria, men, Kapa HnKou uscnenoeam na ~ u c m , r e no HacraHnEaHero Ha Legio 111Gemina . r y B~ caMm K ~ HG a I11 B.,m3u ~ a w a 6 e ~ WMUHUCTpaTUBeH UCHTbP e 6 m OCIaBeH 6e3 BOeHHa 3alLWXi4.~ o I ' U K ~HaT HClUpH- ~ recmrr nposec, ~ K T Ou KappaHeTo Ha enurpa@c~me H S T O Y H ~~ O K ~ enHo B ~ T CUHXPOHHO C OCTaHaJlzWa 4aCT Ha IIPOBHHUWlTa pa3BUTUe 38 BPeMClU no A a ~ ~ f i - c m B O ~ ~ HH Ua HMnepamp Tpan~:noMoqHu ~ o i i c ~ o a enuHum, u Hammenu npu ~morlosn~e craponnaHuHcw npoxone (Conbustica, Montana) u neruoHHu narepu npn Ratiaria u Oescus (o6p. 6). Cac cnryp~omcaMo mnpoc Ha &bnequ uscnensa- HM e KOHK~~THOTO~ e m @ u u u p a nHea BoeHHara qacT, pa3nonoxeHa Ha MIICTOTO Ha &bnewara Colonia Ulpia Traiana Ratiaria. B.bnpc Ha b n e q u uxnensaHnn e u nOKalIU3UpaHeTO Ha HCIXHCKUII BOeHeH JIaEp npH M O H T ~ YHU~e n, , CbUIeCTBpaHe ce snucna norurao Ha Kapma Ha BoeHHocTpaTerurecKara O ~ C T ~ H O Bnpes K ~ I B. 5. &3cnoWpaHt?TOHa BoeHHu enuHuw B cpenaTa Ha I1 B., n o y e w p m 0 Be- numnenHo cpen enmpa@cmnMaTepuan ar M O H T ~ ~H~~~, C I I O 6a ~ HTpn6BaJI0 O na 6bne c s a p m o c m a M u s H m nonurusccrol m 6 n m OT mBa BpeMe (Taresa, 2000, 88), HO,OT npyra cTpaHa, m a momeaue u I C ~ MnpoMeHeHara cnen m a n a e m o Ha mmyHaBcKa Dacla cmyaum, nosena no +op~upa~eTo Ha 06urupaa (orDorticum no Dimurn) ,,saIsmeHa sona", m m npennonara H c a o r s e m m npoMeHu B norpa- wsHma s a q m Ha ~ 0 ~ 3G o~ H He3aaucu~0, . se e noneneHa Memay w e pa3nwua ~JIMUH~CT~~e BH wHw i (Moesia Superior u Moesia Inferior), no m o m e w e Ha soemma opranuswun ra3u ,,sanru~e~a J O H ~ ' ' 6u ~pn6eanona noKa3aa c u ~ x p o m o p a s m e . Bars roneMu BoeHm qennpa Ha f l y ~ a Ratiaria ~a u Ocscus oseewno HaM~JlXBt3TCBOX BOeHeH KOHTUHRHT KaTO T03U npOUeC e no6pe nOKyMeHTHpaH B Oescus, n o ~ 3a m Ratiaria Moxe na 6bne npennonaraa. P m n o n o x e ~ mB qeHnpa Ha T ~ 3Ho ~ Montana a u Almus cac c m y p ~ o mnpUn06HBa~BWO CTpaTerwiecKo 3 ~ a r e ~ uu3pa3e~0 e, B nucnounpaHeTo Ha nemoHnu BeKcnnauuu. Tyx e MCTUTO na 0 6 6 p ~ eBHnMawe ~ H Ha U ~ K ~ O W T 6or. ~m~ O enurpaGc~nMarepuan, rrpo- nsxomaq or ~ O uM Hemsme ommocm, K O OTHOBO ~ nopanu ,,nunca Ha nm- HU" e m p n e p n n mMeHTupaH ~~ B HaywaTa nmparypa. O C B ~H Hm c a Ha Caius Valerius Valens optio legionis XI Claud~aeagens regione Montanensium, 3a KOGTO B. Benms u T.AneKcaHnps npeymonarar, se e npenecen TYK OT M o m a ~ (a B w ~ B - A J I ~ K c w ~ ~1994,27, B, Ng 53), OT Tosa MCTO ca RI(B~CTHU u owe m a Ha,nnuca, c a m p x a m C W C ~ U U Ha BoeHHu nwa, e m m r OT KOUTO cnoMeHasa H aMem Ha BoeHHara sacr Legio I Italica (Tepos, 1953, Jis 16, Ng 224). Bcaur~om,Hesasucmo or @ a mn m Almus e 6 m BTOPH onopen BoeneH n y ~ r nc HammeHn B Hen BeKcu- namomu enuauuu, neara ncmona I Italica n XI Claudia no~assarnocra c o n m o n p u a m w e no ennrpaacrol nmHu B w m a map. 3 a ~ u u ~3eo~~annn a no-mmper- HO Memay m a m n o u u m u uerrrspa Ratiaria a Oescus (o6p. 7 u 8). ' Ilocnewnn npernen ma Muemuma no ~ 0 3 ~bnpoc n m. npn i? Hmmos, 1999, 104. 47 6. M ~ ~ e p e ec na ~ oce o6enexn, s e KaprnpaHm Ha HannncnTe, canapmaqn BMeHaTa Ha Te3H nBe BOeHHU enAHAUA, nOKa3Ba C'bCpenOTOYaBaHeTO PiM OKOnO seponTHo roncMu cnemwrusiu ueHTpoBe B pa3mexnaHun pafio~:npu c. J I m y e ( B ~ ~ Y ~ H cC.K~o )T, M M (6ma U ~ CnaTKHa), C. K~HUHO (PoM~H). Te3u UeHTpOBe U no nnec ocTasaT ~ e u 3 c n e n s a ~HO n , MOXC na cc npcnnonara, =leT ~ X H O T Ono-cepu- O ~ H OapxeonomsecKo npoyswaae me nane cammo KonwsccTBo ~iannncu,~ m u o npU KaJIm0 B M O H T ~ H T03n ~ . @KT CaM n0 ce6e CU 03HaYaBa, Ye KOHUeHTPMpa- H ~ BOnancn cnmnumeH ueHmp Ha r o n x ~ o KonusecTBo nannncu, canapxaqn uMenaTa Ha BOCHHH nuua OT nBaTa neruoHa He sonu B npnKa 3asncu~ocrn no ~ ~ K ~ I O Y ~ H M s~ eT nocTonHHurrT O, narep Ha ~ e 3 uBoeHHn ce e HaMnpan B ~ J I U ~ O C T no c s e ~ n n n q m o nono6ea , c cu-ryauwma n c nannucme, canapxaqu rpancxn nnaxwocTn. Ae~ypnonuna KonoHm Pauwapurr HanpuMep (dec. col. Rat) ca u3- secmu saK OT Timacum Minus ( P a e ~ a ,Peny6nkiKa Cap6wn) (Tcpos, 1953, N? 180). B KOHTeKCTa Ha Te3n pEUC%X,ReHWlo 6 a ~ eB HIlKaKbB ~JlyYafiHe MOraT na &ana~n p e ~ e 6 p e r ~ nsaTaa ~ n clponTenHu Hannuca OT 256 u 258 r., c a o 6 ~ a ~ a l u u 3a nocTponeaHeTo na burgus n porta pretoria c Kyna, Konm 6nxa KoMeempaHn no-rope. 3a caxaneHne n nsara Hannuca He npon3xomqa~OT apxeonomrecmx npoyrnaHm, a ca p w ~ p w ncnyafino, m p ~ n npe3 x ~ 1891 r., Koran, OT Kanmo ca BaneHH KaMaHw 3a nasupaHc Ha uenTpanHaTa ynuua Ha rpana (Eacca~osns,1894, 60), a B T O P ~ TnaK B KPM Ha XIX B., B cenepHon, nonHoxne Ha K m m , B ~ ~ U ~ O C T no cTapm pe3epeoap (6acca~onns,1894,5&57,62). AKOnpueMeM, qe namucaT, cao6qa~a1113anoclponsanao Ha burgus ce omacx 3a T.Hap. ronrrMa Kyna B caMo- n, Kme, a m p n n T 3acnra cTponrenHa n e f i ~ o c n3mpure~a~, B npcmonaraeMnrr BoeHeH narep, TO MecmHaxoxneHuao Ha nocnenHun me ~prr6Bana ce ~ P C non H C'bBpeMeHHMX T a n M O H T ~U JH I M ~O U C no-KOHKpeTHO, IIpeAIIOnaraeMOTO UUBUnHO Cennlue, BepOnTHO pEUBlm0 Ce OKOnO Hero, C a U O 6~ Tpll6BZl0 na Ce nOKklJlU3Upa B rpaHnUliW Ha CaBpeMCHHnn TaA. 7. C ~ a 6 n n ~ npucacTsne o~o Ha BOCHHH nwqa OT Legio I Italica u Legio XI Claudia mpxy wnaTa TepnTopm Memy Ratiaria u Oescus noKmsa, Ye c ~ u m n a ~ na u3pa3a ,,regio Montanensis" 6w ~ p s 6 ~ a nnao cc csapxe no-c~opoc BoeHHaTa TepMuHonomn, owe nosese s e nsa OT 0640 lpuTe Hannnca 3a rcgio Montanens~s ca 06sap3a~uc BoenHa TuTynaTypa: Aurel(ius) Titus, vexill(arius) eq(uitum) leg(ionis) I Ital(icae) Gordianae, Au(gustae), in reg(ione) Mont(anensium) n C(aius) Val(erius) Valens optio leg(ionis) X I Cl(audiae) agens r(egione) Montlan(ensium)]. M TpuTe H ~ B ~ C T HHannnca, U cxnapxaun m3n n3pa3, ca OT- KPMTU Ha Pa3nMqHU MeCTa (c. ~POMOIIIUH,M O H T ~tiHOM) ~ ( B ~ ~ K-oh\KcaH- B npOB, 1994,13, NG 22; 27, NG 53; 30, N2 59). n o 7 0 3 U HaYAH, AaHHnTe OT M O H T ~ H ~ HC npoTusopesaT, a no-CKOPO norsapwasar n 3 ~ a 3 a ~seve m oTnaeHa MHeHwe Ha A. Hu~onoe,s e HannucuTe, n KOUTO ce cnoMeHaBa7 regiones sn3upa~BoeHHu pe- MOHW, KOHTO He C'bBnanaT C WPlHnCTpaTnBHHTC TWCW TepUTOpMU (Hu~onos, 1982, 92-93). Regio Montanensis B Tame cnysG 6n ~pn6eanona npenoKpuBa pafio~a,B K O ~ ~ Tca O perncTpnpanu e n n r p a a c ~ anaMcTHuqn, ocTaseHu OT BoeHHn nuua m I ki~anuiic~u n XI Knaswes neruoau, a m e m o - Tepnmpma Mewy neere K O ~ O H H U- Ratiaria n Oescus. Heo6xow~oe na nonrepTaeM, se sa3npnma- Ta B HaysnnTe u3cnensa~m~ m o w ~cao6pae~a a, TepnmpuanHo npem ~ c n s c~ o anMnHumpamsHom neneHne ua P A M C K ~ umnepun, T~ e m3npenmc~~ana (u npo- nanxasa na m3npenn~msa)cmti~ocmaroparnewme Ha n p o 6 n e ~ ~o6nac~u n or m3u T U ~ npu , KOUIY) sanpocHmT ,,regioC'noKpuBa Tepnmpm, n p u s m e x a q a emospeMeHHo Ha nse nposnHunu (Moesia Superior w Moesia Inferior). 8. K m ce weMe npeeaun Ka3aHm no-rope Hanara ce U ~ B O D T , re ~ e 3 a ~ u c n ~ o m cTa-ryTaHa u u s n n ~ o ~cenuqeo ( ~ y u n q n n unnny ~ B U K ~ Cc ma3nMynuqnnnanHa ypen6a), Regio Montanensis B HuKaKbe crry.la8He e npencTamnearr Tepmpnn 6e3 o6oco6e~IlUBUneH WHTbp, YEWIQ rpaACKa TepUTOpWl o6ase ( H ~ ~ ~ B U C U MoTO TOBa nanu TaKasa e cbqempana, mu ~ eHe) Moxe na ce csapxe u HnMa momeHue K ~ Mregio Montanensis. U u s n n ~ m ueHnp Bepomno e mnpuen mm Ha Boeri- HUII, ~ o i i me HaosaH ~ C H OB Hannuca m d?puru~: Montan(ensi)praesidio (Ben~oa - A n e ~ c a w p s1994, , Nc 15 I ) , men, ce n m p w a n a u m @op~ynupoema ,,castra et civitas Montanensium" B Hannuca OT 256 r. (Benms - Ane~campoe,1994,4-5, Nc 5). Orearno e, se m3u c e m e H ueHmp e B ~ ~ H U Ku Hce~ e p a s m B npma BpaOKa C BOeHHUTe eAUHUUU, HaCTaHeHU Ha ToBa W C T O ( K a ~ nBnpo'ieM , U npeo6- nanaBaIurra ram m 3 ~ a s u ~ e m uuBunHn ~ e mpylcrypu B npoeunuun Mu3nn),Koe- m e w owe e w o no-mo 3a neroson, p e m o caqecTByeaHe. Banpoca~3a npam H a m3u ueHnp o6ase HnMa mourewue u He 6uea na ce pa3mexaa mmrosos, m o c ~ XapamepncTMmTe o Ha regio Montanensis. 9. A ~ ~ M ~ T U ~ IIOllUTUseCKki HUT~ C ~ ~ U T I U Mewy I IVTCKUTe HaWeCTBm oT CpeAZlX Ha 111 B. A yIlpaBJleHUeTO Ha K O H C T ~ H T UBenn~n H Ca AOKyMeHTWpaHU Ha o k m a npn M O H Tspe3 ~ ~nocrenenHom 3 a ~ u x ~ Haa~@yn~uuure e na c e m n u - U U3lurnO HOBO, T03U lT%T3.%I4UTHO @OPTM@UK~UUOHHO CTpUTeIICTBO Ha He- r o B m M I l C m npe3 II'bpBaTa IIOJIOBHHa H a IV B. B ~ Bps3Ka B C TepUTOpUaTaH a ragi0 Montanensis me ~pn6sana o l d e n e x n ~n ennH 3 ~ a s n ~ e nncTopusecKu e~ am, csap3a~c HarrycKaHm ua pmcKme BOGCKU Ha mnnyHascKa Dacia npes 271 r. O C B ~uH3 ~ e c r s a ~Ham nmeca m o s o no peKa A y ~ a s T, O ~ Ha m uMa 3a CBOX nocnenuua n enuH ~ a n m KoMeHnrpaH @am,a nMeHHo - npecensaHeTo na sepo- m o ~ e ~ a n o 6 p o ipo~aun3npauo i~o HaceneHue B TepumpunTc m m o m pmcKa- Ta rparluua. B umpwsecKaTa nuTepaTypa ce cnoMeuaBa 3a npyr ma60 npoyseA @ ~ H o M ~ Ha, UMeHHO - @ o P M H P ~ ~ ? TH Oa HOBa anMWHRCTpZTWBHa eAHUUua Bap xy sacm m TepnmpnnTe Ha Moesia Superior, Moesia Inferior u Thracia - T.Hap. Dacia Aureliani (,406pycm, 1890,22). He Moxe na He uanpasa BneraTneene, se TorKaTa,m n m ce ca6npm ~e3w~ p ~w ~ O B U H W OTHOBO U casnana c 6wsma~a,;la- quTeHa so~a",UeHnpT Ha ~ o n m ce 3ae~am regio Montanensis. 3acera m3n u3mrnrn~en~o uHTepeceH sanpoc Moxe na h e caMo ~ a 6 e ~ 1Kam ~ 3 anpo6ne~a- ~ TuKa, s u m n3cnensa~eTempsa npenmu u s u m npoyrsane B neTaiinu m p n e seponmo q e Dane c m f i e o m a nn@op~aum, 3acnra~1a@ o p ~ n p a n~ nomen- m ~ a n m pasnme o Ha Bese mcHoaHmsHaTa n p o ~ u ~ qDacia m Ripensis. C n u c ~ t cHa MecTaTa Ha HaMupaHe Ha e n u r p a $ c ~ u U APYrU AaHHA, CBLP3aHEi C BOeHHUTe eAUHNUU Ha TepuTopunTa Memy Ratiaria u Oescus (o6p. 5-8) Ng 1. BHAHH(Tepo~,1953, N?9). 11 B. Hanrp06eH. L. Val(erio) Basso I vet(eran0) leg(ionis) VIICl(audiae). N2 2. C T ~ H ~(~HBUIOTO BO C. J o M ~ u )(TepoB, . 1953, N?18). Harmucb~c OTKPHT B M. Man~enenpn c. J I o ~ e (cera s C T ~ H ~ BIIocne O). e KyneH OT CeJMHHTC OT C. MOKPCUA e 3:UAnaH Han BPaTaTa HaUbpKBaTa B CenOTO. 3a Hero K ~ H Ucao6ma~a, U qe 6un HaMepeH B noMcmTe 110311, c KoeTo mBexna B 3a6nywe~ue AOM~III~BCKM, K O ~ T Oro n y 6 n n ~ y ~ a HaMepeH B OM. ( h c h . KaTO Epigr. Mitth. XIII, 154). Oepja~qnfi(2002, 285, N? 340) ro n y 6 n n ~ p KaTo a npo- ti3xomnaq OT c. Ma~peur,o 6 q w ~ AAMOBO. a IIbpea~a nonoBnea Ha 111 B. H a ~ r p 0 6 e ~C(aius) . Iul(ius) Aemilianus vet(eranus) leg(ionis) VII Cl(andiae). N?3. Aapxaww11a (Tepo~,1953, Ns 11). I1 B. Hanrpo6e~.Numitoriac I Proculae C. Nurnitorli Senecae / [velt(erani) leg(ionis) VTICl(audiae). N2 4.Knanopy6 Conbustica (Tepo~,1953, Nc 20). 213 r. A[ur]elius Nicomachus [bjf. cos. Leg. VII C1. An(irno) [I(ibenti)J V.X. imp. Anton[ijno I[III] e[t] Ba[lbino cosj. Nc 5. Ratiaria ( B ~ ~ K-o AB ~ a ~ a c o1967,152-153, ~a, Ns 8). ... Val(erius, -eria) ... I ... leg(ionis) V[II Cl(audiae)]. N?6. Ratiaria (Tepo~,1949, Nc 30). ~ T ~ Ha I Wln Ha'lanOm Ha 11B. Hampo6e~.C. Aufidio I [C. ?] B T O ~nOnOBnHa f(i1io) Pap(iria) I [PuJdenti I [vete(rano) le]g(ionis) VIIC(1audiae) p(iae) f(idelis). Nz 7.Ratiaria (Tepoe, 1953, Nc 12). n a p ~ a nonoBwna ~a Ha I1 B. Hanrpo6e~C. Valerio 1 C. fil(io) Pap(iria) Firmo ( vet(erano) leg(ionis) VII Cl(audiae) p(iae) f(ide1is) I conscripto I dec(urioni) Rat(iariae). M 8. Cw~~aronuw (Tepos, 1953, N? 32). Harano~oHa I1 8. n o c e e ~ u ~ e n e uL.. Heremius Gclrmanus vet(eranus) leg(ionis) I IIIIP(?) F(laviae). Ng 9.flpe~oseq(Tepoe, 1953,NG761). 6.r c p o ny6~1tiKyBa ~ Hannuca Kam npo- ti3xoxrnaru OT C. A P ~ H O B E~ eUn, e ~ c ~K o ,a m m ceno tie caluecrByBa. no-eep0rr.r- HO e na maea Bbnpoc 3a c. A p e ~ o ~ e0u6, w A ~ PYH(WHUW.a 11 B. HanrpoGeu. Aureliu[s] Aelianus ~(ustos)a(rmorum) leg. XIV F. fir(rnae). NE10. M O H T ~( H B ~ ~ K-oAB ~ ~ K C ~ H1994,4445, A ~ O B , N? 109). Cpena~aHa I1 B. Hampo6e~.Ulp(ius) Domeltianus mil(es) I leg(ionis) 1111 Fl(aviae). Ns 11. JOM (Tepee, 1953, N9 16). Bmpara nonosma Ha 11 B. cnucsK Ha ~ o i i m u uOT Legio I Italica: (evocatus opti(o) im(aginifer) tes(serarius) cor(nicen) tub(icen) ~(ustos)a(rmomm)). N?12. JOM ( A o ~ ~ ~ c1890, K u , 17). 157-158 r. cnopen cnoMeHasaHero Ha T. Vitrasii Pollionis legati Augusti pro praetore. lloc~eruTene~. L. Messius Romanus miles veteranus legionis I Italieae Romanomm. Apyro reTeHe npn 5acca~osusn 6. r e p o ~(centurion) : leg. I Ital. (centurion) [l'Jr(umentarius) (Eacca~oeus,1894,64; Tepo~,1953, NG19). N?13. Ao6pw non (Tepo~,1953, Ns 224). 11 B. Bepou~HonucTa Ha B O ~ H U u... U LIVL... RYRRIVS HERCVL... AL. MARCIANVS... IVLIVS IVLIANVS...VAL. VALENTINVS... L. HERCVLAN... IVLNS LONG...AVREL. VICTOR ...L.TIBERIANVSEX ...RELNS LVPERCVS LEG ... AL. VICTOR EX... RVVITALIS EX BH... NOMVS DDAISE CCC. Nc 14. Cenaaosqa (cPnno~,1911,275). Tyxna c Hannuc: LEGIITAL. N?15. P y m n ~ (Tepo~,u~ 1953, Ns 21). Hannucs~e ny6nu~ysanOT 5. Tepo~ K ~ T O npou3xomsaru or Pymuqa non Bumn (sepoxmo Pycqy~- Pyce). B cnyqarr yKa3aHUa .,Don BUAUH" HaCOqBa W M CbBPeMeHHOTO CenO PY)~OIHW, pa3lTOnO- xeno m m o OT B U ~ U H . I1 B. Legionis primae Italic, Lucius Iulius Lucilianus leg. Augusti leg. I Ital. pondera examinata sig. Ns 16. AJITWMHP (M~UIOB, 1975,39,06p 5). I1 B. P. Ael(ius) Clemens ... [b.f.c?]os leg(ionis) I It(a1icae)... Ns 17. A n ~ w ~ w(Tepo~,p 1953, Nc 22). A[el(ius)?] PK'A [M]onin[us] (centurion?) leg. I Itav]. Ns 118. AnmMap (Tepo~,1953, N9 23). 222-235 r. Ilocserurrerre~.Valer. Antonius spec(u1ator) leg. I ItaL Severianae. N?19. Enna C n a ~ u a a(UI~opnnn,1891,151). IIocsmTene~.Aetem(o) M. Aur(e1ius) Iason (centurion leg(ionis) I Ital(icae). N9 20. ~ H J I I I v( ~B ~ ~ K-oABJ I ~ K c ~ H ~1994,40, ~ o B , N2 91). Ilspsma nonoBsea Ha 111 B. I l o c s e w e n e ~ Ulp(ius) . Eptezenus ~(rinceps) d(uplicarins) leg(ionis) I Ital(icae). Ns 21. Augustae (Marnos, 1975,4042). Tyxnu c neqaTu Leg(inois) V M(acedonicae) C(ohors) 1111(o6p.8) - B Hera- TWB C P ~ ~ H O B U ~ H O LEGVMCV CT (V K O X O ~ ~ ) . N! 22. Jecrmsen Variana (HuKonos, 1967,227, o6p. 17; Mop@osa,1963,31). Cnen Auo~neuuuu.Tyxl~uc nerm: VARl(ana) DAL(matia), LVMVAR - I(egio) V M(acedonica) Var(inia). Ne 23. Cupauoeo (Tonopos, 1928,171). I I o c s e ~ n ~ c n eMussidiu[s ~. I Proculu[s I (centurion) leg(ionis) V Mac(edonicae). N9 24. ~ O M ~ K O B U( HT ~ ~ o1953, B , Ne 30). n a p a a ~ nonoeuHa a Ha 11B. Hrurrpo6eu. Antoni(u)s Val(en)s m(i)l(e)s leg(ionis) XI Clau(diae). Ne 25. 'Iepeeu Epnr (Eonuoe, 2008,333). Kpm Ha I1 - Hamnm Ha 111 B. Hanrpo6eu. P(ub1ius) Aelius vacat I vacat [Flimus vet(eranus) I [...leJg(ionis) XI Cl(audiae). Ne 26. JIunnse (Tepos, 1953, Ne 25). B T O ~nonosuna~ T ~ Ha I1 B. I I o c ~ ~ n eAur(e1ius) u. Iovinus miles leg(ionis) XI Claudia. Ne 27. JIunnse (repon, 1953, Ne 26). I1 B. I I o c s e ~ m n e.~..ius . miles [leg(ionis) XI Cl(audiae)]. Ne 28. JIOM(Ben~os- Ane~ca~npos, 1994,27, Ne 53). Cnen 161-163 r. cnopen u ~ e m Ha n o c s m w m , nsrrecTeu ar selccmauum Ha XI K ~ ~ B AneruoH U ~ B 8 M O H T ~( H B ~e m - ~ A ~ ~ K C ~ H 1994, A ~ ONcl). B, ~ O C B ~ - TuTeneH. C(aius) Val(erius) Valens optio leg(ionis) XI Cl(audiae) agens r(egione) Mont[an(ensium)]. Ne 29. Ratiaria (Tepo~,1953, Ns 292). 111 B. Hanrpo6e~.Aurel[io] I Domi[- - -1 I vet(erano) ex (centurione) [leg(ionis)] XI11 Gemciae). Ne 30. Knanopy6 Conbustica (JIym, 2009). IIOCTOXH~H narep Ha ~ e a s ~ e c m noMonIHa a Boenna sacr, HacTrureHa Ha Tosa men, m~ cpenaTa Ha I B. N? 31. Opcon Remetodia (Tepos, 1953, Nc 14). n a p e a ~ anonoBeaa Ha I1 B. Hanrpo6eu. ... [ia] ... [ex sig]nif(ero) alae CI [aud(iae) novlae, de[c(urio)] col(oniae) Ulp(iae) Traia(nae) Rat(iariae). Ne 32. JIeclcoseu Variana (Tepacu~osa,1970,24). nocronue~narep Ha Ala I Claudia Gallorum Capitoniana. Hac~aueuay~ uaii-mmo B pan Ha ynpameuuem Ha TuBeput (14-37). B 105 r TX ce sucnu m~ apMnnTa Ha A o n ~ Mn3m. a Cnen Kpan Ha Aamtcm.re ~oiinnocraea B A o n ~ a Aa~nx.06pa3yeaua e wswno cyr o c ~ o 6 o n e ~po6u. u N 33. JIOM(Qunoe, 1911, 66)5. Hanrpo6e~.[Val]er[ius I Eu]odu[s vet(eranus)? I alae I H]ispan(orum) [ex I statlore. Ne 34. Augustae (Tepos, 1949, Ne 35). B T O ~nonosma ~ T ~ Ha Hepouosm ynpaeneuue. Hanrp06e~.Iulius Satlurio luli l(ibertus) I dom(o) Head(uus) I missic(us) ala ( Capit(oniana). ' H a m c b e~ n y 6 n n ~ y e arn ~ 6. Qunos KaTo ~ ~ O U ~ X O X (OT~ ~ROM. U I n o - ~ C Hnonana O Bm cneneanem na 6. rep06 non N? 38 c MeeronaMupaHe Momarra (Tepos, 1953,Ns 38) H B ernrrpa+ ctnrn ~opnycHa Momaua non N? I08 ( B e m s - Ane~caxnpos,1994,44,Ns 108). Ne 35. JIec~oeeqVariana (Hu~onos,1967,227, o6p. 18). Cpenma Ha I B. Hawpo6e~.PRIMVS...ASALVS.D... CAP. Ne 36. Augustae (Ill~opnan,1891, 151; ~ P H ~ o19 B1, 1,63). Hanrpo6e~.C. Oppius Vlarus eq(es) I alae Au([g(ustae)] ... Ne 37. Dorticum (Tepaca~osa,1970,25; MopQosa, 1963,29). I I o m n ~ narep e ~ Ha Cohors I Cretum ( r n a s ~ o~ 5 ocHosa 3 Ha nesam~e). H ~ C T ~eHB ~Mn~nfl H Beponnio O K O ~ O45 r. no noson Ha ~ p a m t i c ~ oBacTame. n, Cnen 86 r. ocTaBa B ropna MUSWI. Tyxna c nesm COH(ors) I CRE(tum). Ne 38. ropaa Eeuroewaa (I~B~HoB, 1962,44,47). B m p a ~ aIIOnOBHHa, BepOflTHO Kpm Ha 111 B. Hawp06e~.~ O r ( h... l W) ~ ~ a l e r i strl(ati6th) an~ c61(th) h brakalrol peptpka Sn polmmw Ne 39. E e n ~ ~ (Ao6pyc~u, en 1896), 433434; cPnnoa, 1911,73). 238-244 r. CnOpen nOCBeUeHUeTU Ha IIaMeTHHKa Ha C ~ U H WTIP ~ H K B U ~ U - Ha, canpyra Ha Topnnna 111. l l o c a m e r i . coh(ors) gem(ina) Dacor(um) I Gordiana (miliaria). Ne 40. JInnnse (Tepos, 1953, N: 35). B m p a ~ anononnria ma I1 B. I l o c a e ~ u ~ e n[..in e ~ . cohorte Aurclia seculnda m(i1iaria) eq(uitata) n(ova) C(ivium) R(omanorum). Ne 41. I U n m e ~ q n(A~a~acosa, 2005,8). 111B. Hawpo6~am n a , nomBeHa Ha B O ~ ~ H H(M K. HyMepa Ha A ~ J I M ~ T H H u H T ~ . N2 42. M a ~ p e m( A T ~ H ~ c o2005,8). B~, Hannnc, B ~ o f i mce CnoMeHaBa enaa HyMep a a A~JIM~THHu.H. Ne 43. JIec~oeea( r e p o ~1953,, N: 8). h p s a ~ anonosuna Ha 111 B, IIoc~er~-renee. Ant(onius Mercurius eq(ues) n(umeri) ~(ivium)R(omanorum). Dimihova-MilEeva. 2000: Dimitrova-MilEeva, A. Terra Sigillata und Diinnwandige Keramik aus Moesia Inferior (Nordbulgarien). 2000, Sofia. Ognenova-Marinova, 1987: Ognenova-Marinova, L. Un atelier de plastes imaginarius a Montana. - Hssec~nnHa ApxeonorWYec~nnUHCTUIYT, 1987, XXXVII, 173-176. Ane~candpos,1970: h e ~ c a ~ n p oT. s AHTWYHH , naMeTHuuu OT Mon~ana(Muxa%xosrpan). - Apxeonorm, XII, 1970,3,4348. hewandpoe, 1977 a: h e ~ c a w p o s T ,.J I a m ~ c ~Hannncn u or Momma (nn. Mnxaiino- srpan). -Bemse, VI, 1977,5,52-61. Ane~cnndpos,1977 b: A n e ~ c a ~ a p oT. a ,P e ~ y m a ~mupa3mn~urena ,,Kanem" B Muxaii- nosrpan. - U3secmn ria ~ y 3 e m se Cesepo3ananna Banrapnn, 1; 267-292. h e ~ ~ a ~1980 d pa:~AJI~Kcw~oB, ~ , T.AHTRYHIHUJinHCU U n p p HaXOnKU CW M O H T ~ H ~ a o n ~ Mwnn). a - Apxeonorwn, XXII, 1980,1,3441. Ane~candpoe,1980 b: A n e ~ c a w p oT~.,A m w n a snna Nc 2 qati Momaua - U3secrnn na ~y3em e Cesepo3ananna E m p u n , 4,1980, -4. h e ~ m n d p o s 1983: , Ane~cawpos,T.A m m a suna N21 q a i i Mnxaiinosrpan. - U3sec- ~ w HU r ~y3enB ~ Cesepo3ananna e 6'bmapun, 1983,8,.37-81. h e ~ c n n d p o e1984: , Ane~cawpos,r. A m ~ snna a Nc 3 q a i i Mnxahosrpan. - Asset- THn Ha MyaenTe B Cesepo~anannaB%nrapun,9,1984,945. Ane~candpos,1987: A n e ~ c a ~ n p oTs., Pe3ymam m p m m n r t m Ha Kpenoma Mou~ana (1971-1982). - B: M O H T ~ H T. ~I,, C., 1987,5485. Amanacoea, 2005: A~anacom,j?. Yson. - B: Kac~paMaprnc. Ksanpn6ypmR n m m n . CO~U 2005,7-11. ~, 6acanoeuv. 1894: ~ ~ C ~ H OH. BU K Y~ ,enarpa4um~a M n apxeonorma Ha ropna u n o m a Mn~nn.- C~OPHUK 38 HaPOnHB YMOTBOPeHWII, HaYKa W KHUXHWHI, 1894, XI, 55-67. Eoxunosa, 1976: 5oxnnosa. B. HWHCHor c s m n u q e m na &iana n Anonon npn MOH- Tana (MuxaRnosrpan). - Apxeonornn, XVIII, 2,1976,4048. 6o~mu2oea,1987: Eoxnnosa, B. Enurpa@cxuinahlmuuw m ceermnurem na &ima n Ahonon. -B: M O H T ~ H T.~I,, C., 1987,20-36. Eoxnoe, 2008: ~ O ~ H O W. B , PUMCKHT~ BeTepann B nonna MH3nn U T p a m (1-111 B),Co$nn, 2008. Ben~oe- Ane~candp'pos,1994: Benms, B., Ane~cawpos,T. Enqa4cxui nawx-niuu m M O H T ~PiHpaG0Ha. ~ Momma, 1994. Ben~oe- Amanacoea. 1967: Benms, B., A~anacosa,8.n a m ~ c Hannncn ~n m Pauuapnn. - U3sec~unHa A ~ x ~ o ~ o ~ Mu ~~m~r rcy K rXXX, , R ~ 1967,143-156. B m ~ o e 194g1942: , Benms, II. l l p ~ ~ KT. oMc n c m p m a Ha penmuma Ha Mn~nn.- U3- BecTwn Ha ~ W ~ ~ C K ~apxeonomsecm T O npyxecmo, 1940-1942, XIV, 183-189. O ~ , Bemcos, B. Momana - HCTOpweCKU OsepK. - B: Momana, T.I, C., 1987, ~ C J ~ K 1987: 9-13. repacu~oea,1970: repacu~osa,B. &icno~aqnnna paMcKnTe noMoqnu B O ~ ~ C KBU npo- s n ~ u n nMn3nn OF 44 no 86 r.na H.e. - Apxeonorun, XII, 4,1970,22-33. repos, 1949: report, 6. Po~anu3~1.1 ~ e x r n y,$HaBa n 6anKana OT A s r y c ~no Xanpean. Y a c ~I - ~ O ~ H U H Una K C o 4 a i i c m ymeepcnm. Ucmpu~o-@nnonomsec~e @a~yn- m , XLV, 194811949, 1-69, repoe, 1953: repoa, 6. Po~arar3rn.rMexny A y ~ a e aH 6 a n ~ a m ~ aXanpam no KOHCT~H- TUH Benu~u.Y ~ C11, T 2 - ~ O ~ ~ U U I HH UaKCOQHACKHII YHUBepCHTeT. @ U J I O J ~ O ~ U ~ ~ C K U $aKynTeT, XLVlII, 1952/1953,307-355,356-398. repoe. 1980: repas, 6. 3 e ~ e e n a n e ~ u Be ~puMcKa o Tpa~nnu Mu3m (1-111 B.). - TCY QKHCP, 72,2,1977 (1980). f l U ~ ~ e2006: 5 , A w w e ~B. , P ~ H H o B N ~ ~ ~ I T KpeOOCTH u ~ ~ c K UBT6z11~apun ~ H CLCellHUTe 3eMH (BAnoqe3me Thracia U Dacia). - P ~ ~ K OH ~IIpOyqBaHHn, KH XXXV, 2006. fl06pyc~u. 1890: AO~PYCKU, ~ ~ C K U B 3 a n a n ~ a61nrapm. - B. A P X ~ O ~ O T AU3nUpBZiM C~OPHHK 38 HapOAHH YMOTBOpeHW, HaYKa U KHHXHHHa, 1890,11, 1-45. flo6pycmr. 1894: AoBpycrur, B. Ma~epnanano apxeonorma ua 6 m a p u n . - C 6 o p ~ 3a n~ HapOnHU YMOTBOpeHW, HayKa U KUUXHUHa, 1894, XI, 68-102. flo6pycmr. 1896: A O ~ P ~ C B. K HMmpwanu , no apxeonorxma Ha 6wrapun.- C 6 0 p ~ m3a HapOnHU YMUTBOpeHW, HayKa H KHHXHHHB, 1896, XII, 398442. fl06pycKU. 1900: ~ O ~ P Y CB. KM H ,~ ~ e p u a nnou apxeononin~aHa 6arrrapm. - C~OPHUK 38 HapOnHH yMOTLlOp'?UUX,HaYKaH KEHXHNHa, 1900, XVI-XVII, 3-146. U ~ . ,&IKOBH'I, 6. Apxeonomec~u ~ R K O ~ 1904: H3IIeT B Kpaii4y~aB~~a 65ni-apm. C~OPHAK 3a HapOnHH yMOTBOpeHWl, Haym U KHUXHAHB, 1904, XX,1-56. Me(u(o8, 1962: MB~HOB, T. Hoeoompm cTapoxpacTnnHcm HeKponon npu c. ropna 6euro- BUW, B ~ ~ ~ ~ H-cApxeonom,Ko. 1962, n!2 , 3 8 4 8 . Moanoe, 1999: MB~HOB, P. ~ o J ~ H ~ E ~ H 0~ ~B6cp aKH~uT~ ~e JCHCTeMa I~a M e w A O ~ T U KH ~ M A y p o c ~ o p ym~ A s r y c ~no M ~ B ~ H C., K H1999. ~, m a , 2006: n y ~ aK. , H a x o m OT KePaMHqHH K&Ul%nU 38 nPOA3BOnCTBO Ha CLnOBe C enJM- wpana yKpaca OT Kpenoma Kane~o~ p &Me3npa. - A p x e o n o r ~2006, , XLVII, KH. 1 4 , 161-170. n y ~ n 2009: , JIysa, K. Connaann apxeonorusecKu npoysBaHwn Ha aHTwseH o6em ,,Ka- n m " npn c. Knanopy6, o 6 w a a n m o ~ o-. Apxeonornvecw o ~ ~ p n . numpa3Konm npes 2008 c, 2009 (non nera~). Mawos, 1975. Mamo~,C. Ennrpa+c~nnaht&uuw OT B ~ ~ ~ ~ o~p'br. H c K- H Apxeonornn, XVII, 3, 1975,3643. Mopqjoea, 1963: MopQosa, 3. P H M C Tyxnn ~ H KepeMwu c neqaru OT Ceaepna 6xmapun. - Apxeonomn V, 1,1963,27-33. Hu~moe,1967: Hu~onoa,6. AHTU~HH naMeTHHIll1 OT BPWBHCKO. - M ~ B ~ c THMa Apxeo- JIOI'UqeCKAn MHTHT~T, XXX,216-235. Hu~onoe,1983: H u ~ o n oA. ~ , Opra~usaqanHa rpanoseTe B p m c m Tpa~un.- B: nxpsn Haquonmen C U M ~ O S U ~,M, n o c e n a q e ~masw B Tpa~nn",x ~ 6 o n 1982,90-100. , Oznenosa-Mnpunoen, u dp. 1987: Ome~osa-Mapunosa,JI., 6ownnoea, B., Ane~cannpo~, r. Pa3~0nKUnpu CBerUnH~~O Ha nnana U Anonon (1968-1978). - B: Mon~ana,T. I, C., 1987, 14-19, Cmnnunoe - Ane~canduos. ' . 1983: C ~ a ~ u n ,oC.. CKO CBeTHnHqe B pa3BanHHm Ha MOHTBHB. s .,AIIeKca~nooB. . ., . , T. C D.~. U H O B ~ K - Apxeonorun. 1983, XXV, 3,40-52. emre- OBH~ Taveen, 2000: Taqesa, M. Bnacr u c o q u p B P H M C Tpmm K~ u M H ~ MC., , 2000, T. 1 Tavesa, 2004: Tareaa, M. 3a puMcKuTe n p o ~ m w ~u o J I M H ~ I p a m (1-111 B.).- B: H ~ HuIT P. Pieanon (cam.) Apxeonorm Ha 6 a m a p c ~ m 3e e ~ uT., I, C., 2004,49-75. Todopoe, 1928: Tonopoe, II. n a r a n u 3 ~ . bB~nonua Munun npes nzpeu~e~ p seKa n cnen I Xpucra. C., 1928. TopGamos - raneyoecmr, 2006: Top6ams, C. r a ~ e q o ~ cr.~lnl p, o y s ~ a ~na mMxorocnoen o 6 e ,,Kanm" ~ ~ ~ p a i Mewpa. i - A p x e o n o n l ~ ~o e c~~ ~ m nwp ru m n w npe3 2005 r. C., 2006,265-267. TopGamoa, 2000: T O ~ ~ ~ TC.OQBy,n w a o ~ a n ~I(oTwnononisecKo campmanwe Ha wc- HOaHTWlHaTa @ O ~ @ H K ~ U U O HWPMHHOJIOTUII. H~ - Apxeonornsec~nBecTM, 2000, 1, npmomenue Ns3, C., T o ~ ~ ~ TCo. B T~, ~ M M H o J3aI o@~OS~ T W @ I ( K ~ U N O H H WCbOpb- T~ meHm npe3 pnMcKaTa.n P ~ H H O B H ~ ~ H T ~enoxa. ~ ~ C K-~B:T ~Apxeonorwr Ha 6 a m p - cnt.re 3 e ~ nC.,, 2004,31-48. Oepjanquh. 2002: Qepja~qah,C. Hacemaeane nerwjcm serepana y 6 a n ~ a n c ~npo- n~ s n ~ u u j a 1-111 ~ a seK H. e. Cpnc~aa ~ a n e ~ nHayaaj a n ~ M ~ T H O C T UE. a n ~ a ~ o n o r nHH- ~w mn.ry~.noce6wa wsna&a 79, Eeorpw, 2002. @IRo@, 1906: QlmoB, 6. ~ ~ M o I U H B&O~~ ~TC~KH Ua PNMCKaTa IIpOB~UIIXMn3wn. - W ~ B ~ C - TPIZ Ha Eanrapc~wo Mc~opusec~o npyxecmo, 1906,11,41-90. Owtoe, 1911: Qnnos, 6. Hoeoo~KpnTnmapnnn. - W3secmn Ha Apxeonomsec~unnncTn- q ~11,268-287 , Xpucmoe, 2003: XPMCTOB, M. Cocrpa l l p o y r ~ a H ~aepmcKaTa ~ p a i i m ~ wcraaunn a n Kac- Ten Ha naTn E c ~ y - c Qnnnnononwc, T. I, 2003. Xpucmoa 2006 a: Xpncm~,W. Cocrpa. P U M C Kpan ~ T B nonme na X e ~ y c 2006, . @a- 6ep Xpucmos. 2006 b: Xpnc~oe,El. CocTpa. npoyssane Ha pnMcKaTa ~pairrramacTaHum u KacTen Ha ~ T ECKYC X - @nnunononwc.T.11,2006. LU~~pnwt, 1891: mKOpn&in, K. li X. AHTAY~CKH HWnllCH H3% pa3tur KpaMa HaE%JIIXplm. - C ~ O P H N38KHapOilHW WOTBOpeHUII, HaFa A KHKXHAHa, 1891, IV, 146155. Lff~opnun.1892 a: LU~opnnn,K. H X. Hannucn n n306paxe~mHa KOHHHUW ws pill- Hn K@llra Ma Ehlrap~n.- C~OPHYLK 38 HaPOLlHA ~OTBOPeHWII,HaYKa N KHUXWa, 1892, VIII, 59-81. 06p. 1. AHTU'IHWIIT Bv O ~ ~ ,,Kane~o" K T an M O H T ~ re~epanee H~. man Ha apxeonomre- c m npoyraanun. (no Oreeeosa-Mapa~oeae np., 1987, man 2). 57 06p. 2. ,,Kane~o",rpan M O H T ~ ~H~~J ,T O Ycemop ~H ,,CB~TU~UU~TO''. n n a u~ pa3pe3. (no Orue~o~a-Mapu~osa H np., 1987, rrnaw 4 u nnaH 5) 58 06p. 3. ,,Kane~o",rpan M O H T ~3anaaen H ~ , ceKTop ,,Tonn~amKyna". n n m a pa3pe3. (no Ane~cannpoe,1987,59, nnm 3; 62, mm 6 ) 06p. 4. ,,Kane~o",rpan Moma~a,3arraneu c e m p ,,nopra~a".n n a H pa3pe3. (no Anex- cawpoB, 1987,6 1, man 5; 65, man 7) 06p. 5. T e p m p m ~ a~ m n Ratiaria y H Oescus. Haxonxw Ha ennrpa@cannahmnuun, ca@pxaw wMeHara Ha Boennn ayxcnanm ennnnm. 06p. 6. Teprimpama Mexny Ratiaria n Oescus. HaxonKa Ha ennrpa$c~nnauemwa, cwppxamw wMeTo Ha Legio VII Claudia. 06p. 7. Tepu~oplin~a Mexny Ratiaria n Oescus. Haxonru Ha ennrpa@crunaMemuuu, c%n%pmaulu nMeTo Ha Legio I Italica. 06p. 8. Tepnropria~as e x n y Ratiaria ri Oescus. Haxonw ria enurpa@cwnaMeTHnun, csnspmaqn n ~ e m Ha Legio XI Claudia.

(PDF) Бележки върху датирането и интерпретацията на античния обект "Калето" в град Монтана, Северозападна България (Notes on dat