(PDF) Л. Симеонова Щрихи към историята на тайната дипломация.pdf

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B ra3r.,r Bp:b3Ka MOXeM Aa rIpIZBeAeM,qBa Iro-KbcHI'I npl4Mepa or BIa: -- TkrircKara I,Icropl4fl: 3a cllpl4eqa, lpeo6neqeH B poMeficKz Apexr4 H roBtl]€'- rpr,rlKr,r, Kofiro no BpeMero Ha Bacvnvi4I (867-886) 4orutl s KoHcrai:-.- HOrroJr, 3a Aa pa3y3Hae KaKBa e roToBHocTTa Ha I4MlepcKI4q Qlor:a BoiE: : apa6ure7,I,I 3a npeo6nealeHlllTe Karo ,,cKyrll" ll tonopelqu,,cKvlrcKul" cbt.:::- Bar.v Ha fioau I{urvrucxklir (969-976), xouro c pa3y3HaBareJlHa UeJI orrIL= B rr4Jra Ha pycKr4q KHJI3 cBeTOCJIaB B Ermapnns. Tyr rr,roxe Aa ce clo\lene - cnl'.iraflT c o6r4AeHuq Ha I4Mleparopa Anycuau, Kofrro npucrHfHa- : KoHcranruHonor vBIrfl3TIrB KoHTaKT c Heo6xoAI4MIrre My xopa, npeo6-.teq=: Karo apMeHerle. HaKpaq rofi ycfl.'In Aa np]IcTl,Irue n E:slrapl,Ifl, K'bAero B=-: 6rano us6yxlano B:bcraHl4ero Ha flertp [ennu. TafiHure vtr4cr4r4 rroHflKora 3aBbprrrBilnr4 c rrpoBan. EIHa rarana I{croFilt HayqaBaMe naK or flpo4uxurers.Ha TeoQau. 14raznvcroptrs, KaICo nF- nlrrrrHaTa 3a nbJIKoBoAeIIa MaHytril, ce oTHac.q 3A ort:a'ta Ha BI43aHTI'Ificrrt try- neparop Aa BbpHe y AoMa cBofi BHcrIr BoeHeH, Kofrro 6zl npr'ruyAeH tra -:- 3eprr4pa npkt apalvre 3apaAH [BopIIoBr{ u:FlTpurv. crasa nyMa 3a Aulpor-r Ayra. Cnopeg xpoHl4cra B AbHoro HauHTpvtr4re cpeqy cloMeHarl4-fl rIb.L\'--- BoAerI 6ur enuyxrr Caltoua, napaKI4MoMeH Ha JIrB VI. CanroHa 6Ial noxar-^- 1 Theophanes Continuatus. Chronographia V68. Rec. L Beklcer. Bonn, 1838, 308--: -': Cpn. Ilpodon?tcqme./tb Qeofiaua (peg. Jllo6apcrl.rit), c. 129. A.,Il,nopullx Earrpa c'r6xu: : e 880 r. B>t<: Dvornilc,.E Origins of Intelligence Services (The Ancient Near East, Pe:.--:- Greece, Rome, Byzantium, the Arab Muslim Empires, the Mongol Empire, Ch.:: Muscovy). New Brunswick, N. 1.,1974, 147-148. JIee fiuarcou. Izlcropul, VI. 1 1. flepen. M. M. Konwtteurco. Crarss M. ,fl. Cnzn-u'-;" 8 Kouuelr. M..fl. Cnsnuoea, C,A. tr4eauoea. M., 1988, c.58. Bx. KoMeHrapa-IIaKra\1.: 201, 6en. J\b 79: neponrHo e I43npareHl4Te B rrtr'a Ha Cserocnas ,,crrtru" Aa ca 3Ha1 , 6'srrapcru; pycKr.{rr u 6'srrapct<unr IIo roBa BpeMe Iqe ga ca 6utu rB'bpAe 6lueru, raK: :: 3a xopara ua I-{nrr,rucxuft He e 6ulo rpy[Ho qa pas6epar KaKBo cI4 roBopqr pycHaul4re. e Ioannis Scylitzae Synopsis Historiarum. Fd. H. Thurn Berlin - New York, 19-: p. 103. Tr,fi raro rro roBa BpeMe, npes 40-re roAI4HI,I na XI n., apMeHcKl{tr erlur E-:1 BflsaHrr,rq ce o6luqar no potvleficru o6uuail, or cBeAeHI4eTo na ZoaH CrI,uuqa Moxe.]:. :: 3aKrloqrl, ue ArycIaan ce npeo6laxtlr c laocutg, KaKBaro npoA'LnxaBanv Ea Hocfl't apr{eH'-?- re or Hr4crrrr,rre c'bcroBl4-s. Bxl. Garsoi'an, N. The Problem of Armenian Integration into ::: Byzantine Empile. - In: Studies on the Internal Diaspora of the Byzantine Empire. Eci. ---. H. Ahrweiler and A. E. Laiou, Washington, D. 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B Kpai/J;a cMerKa 3a rflxHoro ocBo6oxAaBaHe npaBr4reJrcrBoro Ha xur]l1lbara lnaulano Br4coK orKyn. Ha roreuu xprrcrr4JrHcKn npa3Hr4rlr4 onpegeleu 6pofi xopa or caparlr4Hr,rre n flperopuoua 6ur,urn KaHeHr{ ra yqacrBar B ABoprIo- sr4re 6aurerv 14 nonfraBarrr4 \apeHvs. or r.{Mneparopat4. tr4s6oprr ua JI:le VI Aa npoBo[r.r raro ceofi npareHr4K 4o Au4pouur< [yra egIaH 6ranru MIocroJIMaH- cKH BoeHHorrJreHHVK or llperopuoHa ce oKa3zur HecrronyqnrlB tr Mlrcvtfl'ra ce npoBanr{na. Bus anrr,Ifi cKure np areHwlv rroHtKora r43nibJrH flBaJr4 r{crr4HcKara cr4, g.e- JrrrKarHa Muc:"rs. noA [pr4xprrrr4ero Ha HqKaKBa Apyra, oQzqzaruo or]oBecre- HaMr4cvs. Cryunano ce n roBa re Aa npucrl4rHar Aa BoAtr nperoBoplz no Aa- AeHV TeMr{, a Ha Mqcro Aa HacoqaT nperoBopl4Te KbM npyf}I TeMvI, Korrro He 6ullr,npegeapr.rrenHo onoBecreHlr. llolo6Ha vc'toprrfl. saBr43aH'raficru npa- reHr4K, xofiro Aorrrbn r E'smapur c Mr4ckrn, pa3nr.IqHa or SopvranHo ornace- Hr.rq iloBoA 3a Bvr3vrra-ta My, pa3Kasna flpo4truc4rerq Ha TeoQaH: ,,flporutn llerrp Eurapuua 3aIIoqHaJI Aa 3afoBopHI{rIIlI HeroBl4-flr 6par I4oau :aeqHo c Apyrl4 lolrrpvr Ha CraueoH. Te 6rann pa3KpI4rI4, iloa:a 6ul6vr u xB:bpneH B 3arBopa, a ocraHarfirre - rlorJro)KeHv Ha cepl4o3Ht4 HaKa3aHVA. llerrp cro6- rrlr4n 3a roBa Ha r4Mneparop Pouau v I{Mneparoptr IrnparI4JI MoHaxa LIoau, rofiro 6ul c paHr peKTop, troA npeAnor sa [u:nspurnaue ua] pa3MflHa Ha rrrleHHr4rlr,r, a BcbruHocr - Aa B3eMe Vloanv Aa fo Aoxapa s KoucrauruHolroJl. Tara u craHaJro. Tofi raqzr fr.oa:u ua ropa6 u or MecerraBpr4s. npvc;tl4fHaJl B rpala fKoucraHruHonon]. Koraro cKopo cneA roBa rofi [r.e. 6parrr ua flerrp], :axnrprafixv MoHarrrecKure oAexAr4, TrorrcKaJr Aa ce o)KeHu, I4MrIe- paropbr My Aan AoM, MHoro I,r BcqKaKBo I{MyIIIecrBo 14 }KeHa, poAoM or Hero- nun xpafi - Apnreuuax, Tofi [r. e. Pouau JIaranIaH] My ycrpollJl 14 IrrrIrIHa csar6a B AoMa Ha Kecaps, Ha Koqro KyMyBaJIv I4Mneparop XpucroQop n peKTopbr, MoHaxbr il.oaH"t s . Taru ucropr.r.rr e rroBTopeHa norrru AocJroBHo or oIIIe H-flKorKo BI{3aH- rraficru xpoHr4crr,r: llpoltrxureJlfl Ha feopru MoHax, Craueou Jlororer, IItn fparrlarux uCxtulrlqa-Ke4praur6. B. H. 3narapcKr4 orHac.rl clroMeHarl4-fl 3aro- Bop KbM 928 t. 14 npeArronafa, qe rofi e 6ul opraHz3r4paH or r,r3Ar.{fHarr4re or 'o Simeonova, L. In the Depths of Tenth-Century Byzantine Ceremonial: The Treatment of Arab Prisoners-Of-War at Imperial Banquets, - Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies, 22, 1998, 7 5-104. ts Theoph. Cont. (ed. Bonn.), p. 419.1024. Cpy. Ilpodolbtcame./b @eofiaua (pet. Jlro6apcruaft), l7 3 -17 4. tu 3aamapcrcu, B, H, \4croplu ua 6tlrapcKara AGpxaBa npes Cpegnure serose. T. I/2. C.,1911, c.514,6en. 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Wnu ca 6vtttt ttzttotn BaHI4 r nBa'ta BI4,{a apryMeHrIl - j .. rnrBaHero Ha eAHa rroreHllrranHa orlacHocr or ABopa Ha llerr'p tt -.:- . Hocrra B r43npa3HeHara or sofiuara 6urapcra xa3Ha Ia [ocr:bn]i --- rTr4rrHa cyva? Ha re:u B'brlpocl4 eABa nI4 HtIKofa ilIe y3HaeM orfoBa':. Or ro:u MoMeHT HacerHe vc'topuflTa, pa3Ka3aHa or Bll3ei:- xpoHl4crl4, He HI{ r{3HeHaABa C KaKBOTO U ya 6UltO'. HI4TO C TOBa, r{e : . AaHero Ha rlapcKr4n 6pat or crpaHara e 6vl I{3rIoJI3BaH crz}H-: Maplrpyr, no xofiro ca Irr'TyBaJIu susaHrufi.cKl4Te ilpareHplqecrea -: - prrs.v o6parHo, Ht4To c roBa, ue eAuH qneH Ha 6urapcKara Bnarera : Mr4rrLrfl e 6vn rpervpaH or I4Mneparopa Karo 3aJIoxHI4K, Itofrro - ct.'; col( caH, 6par c sugaHrl4ficxa HeBecra n ilpultl4rlHo I4MorHo c:bcrotHir: Aa 6rAe rroApbKa s cttytafr., qe I4Mnepl4qra pelraJra,{a ce HaMecI4 B p. Ha c:borBerHaTa A:bp)KaBa. HyNuo e Aa ce I43TT,KHo Bce rIaK, qe Karo l4MneparopcKl4 rlpareHlli 3I4 treJII4KarHa Mvcr4fl, e 6ulo r{3rroJl3BaHo He H.gKoe cBercl(o JII4Ile, a I I l peKToptr l4oatt. Mouacure cryxenl4 He caMo Karo Ir3ToqHI4IItl lt:- i uuooprr,raquq, Ho MoxeJIu:!.a6rl:at u ilocpeAHl4qz npl4 rlpoBe)KlaHerc :, , Hr{ ofieparlr4tt. Buzanrwfr,cKara l4cropllorpa$ur crroMeHaBa 3a He e.]ti- cItyrafl., Kofaro MoHacu nbryBarll4 B crpaHara zlu n uyx6I,IHa Karo rat"l: TeHr4rlu Ha rrMneparopa. BepoarHo KaKTo no-roltlMara cno6c- npr{ABnKBaHe, c Kotro pa3rlonaranz MoHacI4Te, TaKa Ir [pe3yMnul4tlT. ca rro-MaJrKo rroAarJII4BI{ FIa cBercKu csltazuut H Kopynql4fl, e rpuultH: - paAI4 KOflTO 3a I{3IIT,JIH0HI{OTO Ila AeJII4KaTHVMVICI4}{ BJIaAeTeJMe npeJl' - nv Ia ce AoBepqBaT Ha r-gx, BMecTo Ha Brlcurr4'le cr4 caHoBHl4ull Hanpr4Mep, Koraro Muxaur II effIsrr e rafiHl4 nperoBopl4 c eArIH or a 3trre Ha ToMa CrasqHunaHaIame fpraropufi llrepor, 3a AoBepsHo lnre .-.- rreparopa r4 ilocpeAHlzl( MexAy Hero 14 HaMZparII4q ce n Tparu-a crpar- xeJr eArrH cry4aficxu MoHax2o. Olca1ata na KoncraHTl4Honor or Tonaa Cnastfirvua HaKaparla : Ouyprar 4a npu6erHe yo ,;afirra AI4nnoMaIlpIt". flo gyuure ua TeoQ-r.- flp o4r, lNzr e Jr,, B p a3 r a p a Ha r %u ct'6vnvts. 6t'r'r ap cxvtnr u ag erel lvl t' :: . BeLIe Ce 6Ul lplcHal rro cBera cJIyxr'T, .le pouefrcxkrflT Bacr4|reBc e n,--- caAa - rafiso ornpaBl,In ,qo I4Mneparopa ilpareHI4III,I, ro co6crseua so, - rqan Aa My r.r3nparr4 c:blo3Hl4uecra noricxa I4 rlpeAnoxr{Jr roJItMa ro\l z\tTheoph Cont. Chron.II.16 (ed. Bonn.), p. 63. Cps. Ilpodo,tlcameau cDeo(t' J1rc6apcr<rii), c.31. 2t T-heoph Cont. Chron. II.17 (ed. Bonn.), p. 64. Cpl. llpodotrcame't.u cDeoQ. 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Moxe 6u npuuuuara 3a roBa ce Kpr4e B nr.IncaTa ua Q.rr.: - KaKTO T:bprOBCKr4, TaRA U BOeHeH - y 6rmapr4Te npe3 oHa3I4 enoxa. A \r..T= 6u lwtapure npocro He ca ce AoBepflBanr{ Ha Mopero. Hanpnvrep cJrel !-:- TO CrroMeHarzre Teogocufi Aayn v KoncraHrzH PoAocrz ,,yroBoprLrrr4 Bci=- ro Heo6xo4r4Mo", re 3aeAHo c 6rlrapuHa creoaH ce ornpaBr4Jrr{ no o6p:-- Hufl cu rrbr no cyln.a, a cner, rqx rpbrHanz leopru cypcynyn rr oIIIe H€xr1-t- quHa 6urap cnv apvcr oxparu" . Ho ga ce B:bpHeM Ha ponrra Ha MoHacr4re n c.s6upaHero Ha pa3y3Hats:- TeJrHr4 CBeAeHr4q rr lpoBex({aHero Ha AenvKarHr4 M't4cvlvl. 3a rasu uM prr_-_; cBr{AerencrBa Hanpr4Mep vcropr4flTa 3a npeAaBaHero Ha apMeHcKara Kpe[o_-: Apgauyqu noq ponreficKa Bnacr. MoHaxrr Aranr,rfi or o6r,rrerra Kraumra ;.: oKa3aJr aKTr{BeH )AaCTHr4K B OneparluJrra Ha vMnepcKoro rrpaBl,ITencrBo :t- aHKecl4paHero Ha cnoMeHaTara Kpenocr, Kofro ce HaMrrpana B HaceJreHar.3 : apMeHrlt4 o6racr TapoH26. 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Acorzfr Ka3an H? rl-:- TyBa[IUS MOHaX CnenHOTO: ,,3aKrenaM re s Eora vB ckrrraTa Ha qecrHrle . 2s Theoph Cont. (ed. Bonn.), p.415. Cpn. Ilpodonilcame-nb @eofiauct (peg. JI:ci=- cxuit), c. I77. I4cropunra e [oBropeua rloqrr4 AocrroBHo or llpogrlxnrerfl Ha leoplr ).1:- nax: Muralt, E, Georgii monachi dicti Hamartoli chronicon v 10.29-30 (petropoli, lg:: or f. Ke4pr.rH: Scyl.-Cedren. (ed. Bonn.), 307.20-310.11 . 26 Koucmaumuu Eaepnuopoduwil. 06 ynpanneHuu uunepuefr, 46.49-169. per - - ,Uumaepuua u A, IL Hoeocenuqeea. M., 797 7, 204-210. 27 ftogl46epun (utnLlyupnn) n roelr reKcr ce pas6r.rpar Btra(e'r4flra Ha r'. Hap. jr:.- pui.tcxu Earparugrz.3a noee.{e cBeAeHLIq BX. KoMeHTapay'. Koucmaumun Eazpnnopoc-..- 06 ynpanneHuu wvrnepueit (peg. 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LI OCO6SFIO Te3I{ OT rIOrpaHIzrIHI4Te pAiLoqklHABn3AHT:7.fl, cltt.,- B]l11lHtrBaHkr B ITITII4OHaX B rIOJI3a Ha Bpara. Hanpuluep npe3 n:bpBaTa x'.--- Ha IX B. B anynl4ficKl,Lfl fpaA Orpauro [eralolur cB. fpl4ropl4fi cII H:-. rHeBa Ha MHOXeCTBOTO, TT,fi KarO 6I{n 3anoAo3pflH, qe neficrBa npor;1: pecrrre Ha xpr4crvtirHl4Terr, C. MaHro AorlycKa, qe u3ToqHoro noxpli: DraBa, Koero rofi 6ul npI4HyAeH Aa Hocll, Moxe Aa e craHaJlo nplrtilIl -, : Hr4re xopa Aa ro B3eMar 3a capaIII4HcKI4 ttIrI{oHI{H'4. B rpa-a Ha [eBerc ' rrerr.re nrn Byrporoc rala6puitcxust rpbK cB. I4ttttsHon.u ntK 6u:r tri. OT BT4COKOIIOCTaBeH BZ3aHTI,IfrCKil qI4HOBHplK, rle IuIII4OHI4pa B [On3a HJ'. :. pat]|J|'fl ce Ha6nl43o capaUIrHclfl4 Slor3s. flo npanuro o6aqe rrbryBailInflT MoHax 6ur iloquraH I(aro cB-flr :' : - nopaAl4 KOeTO 14 HeIOBOTO TIpI4ABI'IXBaHe OT elHo M-flcTo Ha lpllo np'- no o6qo B3ero 6es npo6neMl4. fIL,ryBanII4Te MoHacII He ce orpaHI{LIaB:- c:b6r4paHe Ha O6l4rlafiHara uuSopvrll\un, - MeCTHI4 HoBIIHI4 I4 KJIIoKII. : HayqaBanr4 IIO BpeMe Ha CTpaHcTBaHIIf'ta CIl. EnarOAapeHI4e Ha KoHra:l Cr{ C MoHaIIIecKV O6IIIHOCTI{ B rIyX6I4Ha Te MO)K9JII{ Aa IIpeAOCTaBqr I1 E : cBeAeHr{fl 3a CTaBaUIOTO B Te3I4 CTpaHI4. KarrO BI4AflXMe OT Cn) Iafl C \lC: . Aranzfi u PouaH IIaKanIaH, HepffAKo Kpai4Hrrflr noryqaren Ha c'b6paH:' -' MoHacr4re r.IH$opMaIIufl c pa3y3HaBareJleH xapaKrep 6vn cawtustt l4Mnep:- llolo6en e cnyqaqr 14 cibc cB. llaee1t Hoeu JIalbpcKI4, KofrTo - c[opej] :,: Bufl. )KrrTvenuCeII - IIOA[T,pXan peAOBHa KOp9CIISHA9HIII4g C KOscra... EarpeHopo4Hvr6. AKo ce BqpBa Ha xl4rl4ero My, cBereu'br 6I4n lbpci- BpeMe Ha BpeMe 3a MHeHlre rro BaxHr4 B:tHTTIHOIIOJII4TI4qeCKI{ BlbIIpOCI4. Hj -: rribrr4 rofi npeAcKa3an Ha vMileparopa, qe 1ertcrBl4flra My cpeqy apa6llr- . Ma Ia uMar Ao6r'p Kpaifz . flrpnunr nr,r rofi rlpeApeKr,n Kpaxa Ha KpI'Irc: - eKcneAr{rlr,rfl or 949 t.38, a ntopuflT Ir:tr - orKa3a Ha xaMAaHI4ACKUfl ei\lli: 33 Dt,ornilc, de saint Gr6goire le D6capolite et 1es Slaves Macedoniens a,- F LaYie . sidcle [Travaux publ. par I'Institut des Etudes Slaves 5]. Paris, 1926, p. 58. 3a Mango, C. The Life of St. Gregory the Decapolite. Byzantina, 1311. - 633-646, ro-cfleu. c. 637. i5 Rossl Taibbi, G. Vita di Sant' Elia il Giovane. Palermo, 1962,p. 43. Cpu' Da C Lotrillet, G. Saints de Sicile et d'ltalie m6ridionale aux VIIIe, IXe et Xe sidcles. -Byzz'.'.-. 29,1959,89 173, nx. no-cneq. c.10i. ro Vita S. Pauli Iunioris. - Analecta Bollandiana, 11,1892,19-74' 136-181, ex '-- - c. It. It Ha r,Iogacr4Te B'bB BltgaHrttq rlecro ce [pI4rIL{cBana flpopoqecKa lap6a, : Charanis, P The Monk as an Element of Byzantine Society. - DOP, 25,1911,61-8- ' ro-cneq. c.74-75. 3* Vita S. Par"rli Iunioris . p.73. 510 II9 'l tt 'd 'II 'lo^ 'seq€rv sel le ecu€z^g 'Y 'v \a!llst'. '6I4veWovI'IH Jo €JII)IHH oI i orucr4u :68 oN'0gl 'd'OgOt 'stle4'elcets aX np sullu€z'(q s'rerlolsrdg 'f 'saz'rcttrc -' '8tI 'c 'Ileuc-ou 'xs 'ttl-9ZI'5661'lL 'ectqery-oceerC -'sesnlueJ q,0t'-'! 'N 'lxolD'tt11o\ -- -ny.g oSt"tog eutluez,(g uI elo1 rreql :e8euotdsg pue '{ceruoldrq 'zL-lL 'r'lzr xeg - '11 'd'suotunl IIrcd 'S elr.\ - 'gVt-LVE 'Zlll 'lo . 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Han:;r,r=: - - npII npr4crr4raHero cz s KoHcraHTr4HOrrOn npareHrrK:br na oroH i. -l;r.-- __ , 6zr o6suueH, qe, Karo ce npecrpyBa, qe e AoIrIbn c MI4p, e rrplrcr,-_.,_ .-,_ ro cbrneABaq, r. e. muoHt4H" (quasi kataskopon, id est exploratore:_ - . _;,_ MOHCKUqT errrzcKorr 6uI oxpautBaH roJrKoBa crporo or AoMaKr4r{rrr3 _,_ - : -: MoXeJIAaKoHTaKTynacno6o4HocbccBovTenpvflTenuI4AaI]o.I\a-::: pibllr4 0T Trx' Koero Iqe peqe, 'ae 6ur JII4III.H I{ OT B'3MOXHOCTTa Je;..:... - : - HoHeKa _;_: . _ Hesoprr.raluyrTe cH KoHraKrr4, sa ga cr6upa zHsopnaaqetr^. MaraHa caMprfl JlzyrnpaHg, KofiTo orlrcBa npe6znanaHero _ cBoero ;: -_-: _ , II'TC qJIEHOBE HA TCPMAHCKATA ACNEIAq],IS B - EAHA CNEIIVAIIHO OTP3_-:: Ilenra K:brrla B KoHcraHrrauolroJr: ,,...oxpaHurennte 6sxapeilreHH li : nper{ar r{a MeHe v Ha Ap}Tapvre Mkr.qa HanycKaMe K:brrlara. Te xsa[.--, ._ Tr4HCKr4 roBopeil[4Te 6egyst4u, Kor4TO ],1.nBaxa I]pz MeHe 3a MzrrocnrE:- , ylvnaxa r4nkr xBTprrflxa B 3arBopa. He lro3BorsBaxa Ha npeBoAaria --..1 r-pr'rlKr4 na u3rrr43a, nopr4 3a Aa Kynv npoBr43t4t4. 3arosa rpn6earue Je ;..: - Harukrtrr rorBarr, BT,npeKu .re rofi He 3Haerle rpbrIKI4 Z, Kofaro ucKalrre -; i- _ nz Heuo or npoAaBaqa, roit caMO Mo)Kerrre Aa My foBopr4 c:bc 3Har{H Ha .-:.- - T'tre cv u c KrrMaHe Ha DraBa BM.CTO C AyMt4. Tofi xyrryearue 3a r{err4p, f.l - ,- : - TII ToJIKoBa' KoJIKoTo lpeBo.{arrbT 6Ia xynzl 3a e.qHa. Hsxou oT Mor4Te rr:;r-: - rrr4r.'zur43npau\axa noAnpaBxr4, xln6, nuHo 14 nnoAoBe. Te [r. e. oxpamrra.-;_: xBr'pnflxa BcI{rIKo Ha 3eMqra r'r ornb)r(raxa npareHvr{t4Te, Karo o6clr-=. - rr,p6onere nM c y*ap*.. Taxusa 6sxa usrwrcaHuflTa u crpanaH'rra. xi,: T:bPT.flX E KOUCTAUTVHOIION OT qCTB:bPTI,I IOHI,I AO BTOPI4 OKTOMBP}I, B IIPtl__- -. xeHl4e Ha cro 4oarZcer v gBa gHLt,,a6. or gpyra cTpaHa' rrpareHrrK, xofiro oqbrlecrBflnal ueQopMaJTHrr :.-:- TaKTI{ c npeAcraBl{'reIruHa crpaHara, B Korrro cr6yxga,r ro1.r.a..-- e or\rrlrr,Jl, Hvtfl u y cBor.rre. Beue sanrpHan ce y AoMa, rofi uoxen gu 6ra" o6slil{e___ npoBexraHe ua ,,QaruraBo npareHr4.recrBo" (rp.: parapresbeia). = Tax:se ,:,,_- Bvzr-:-:-: - c JIrn Xzpocoarr, rofiro rro BpeMe Ha Br43uru-re llwan 9051907 r. Br-fl3r,n BbB Bpb3*a r,r Moxe 6z ce cr4 B Earga.u r-: - ._ cperq .'a, c uz6qt&rrr4fl Trprr Z: :- 6zre Au4ponux [yxaa7. rlo-xrc'o JIrn Xzpoc{axr afapc:-.a. : 6zn o6sr,rHeH or Ape_, cIIo-le__-;a : Kecapnficxlr, qe e r43B:bpruvn parapresbeiu, nuro rocraBr,Jr Ha rr:bpBo rrr!^- : ---i2 r-- : ITI Q \!u. _ t i, Liutprand Legatio 4. . rn: Liudprandi cremonensis -P' Chiesa' ^..o' opera omnia. cura et si__. cTpaHa ;.:' fCorpus Christianorum. Continuatio Mediaeualis CLVI]. Turnh olt, 1991,1 gg-- r - tine Dio-.- au flar rau, vt. 46, c.207. ai Kolias, 1990. Ei G' L6on choerosphactds, magrstre, proconsul et patrice. 4148,55. Athdnes, 1y:: Byzantinis: s12 gI9 ' I'0 I'ueEunqcsrog eqcsluq 6tZ-EEZ.9g6 r' 'fceuroldrq ,{e1eg pu? uol*ruroJt'oi. 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B npeAroBopa Ea cll ruficra KoMnI{naIII4q or X B.,o3aDIaBeHa ,,3a npareHr4qegrBara n go [uyxg] :napoqtr", ce rr3rbKBa, qe nprl ur6opa Ha npareulr DIE]IAT HflKOJIKO HEIOBI4 KAI{ECTBA: AANI'I qPOflBJIBA TbBKABOCT' F'T 3A IunC:Drr v nanv ycnsBa Aa Bbpruu HerrlaTa s Hafi-noHoAqglo I BpeMe. B rogu KoHTeKcr e crloMeHara pr cnoco6nocrra Ha pa6orn a" r4lrvr,;aanpaBrflBa" (rp. : oikonomein) unQoprvrargrra' \arta vIrurroJIJAIaBa, BKJIK)TIHTeJIHO I'I npl4 TpyAHu yclonzlt'' OrpaHuueuvrfl'r a a MepKI4re 3 a cl4rypHocr, Kolrro cbnpoBormr BaHeTo Ha eAHO npaTeHruecTBo Ha rryxqa TepI'ITOpI4fl' HecbMHeHo JII4BT,3MoxHocTI,ITeHa\pa"IeHp|qI,ITeAaBJIIBaTBKoHTaKTcMeSIE'ID JreHr{e u ya cT'6upar antpoplvra\us'. Vl Bce rraK rosn npo6leM none 6usur pa3pelreH, Karo 3a rIpareHI4III{ B onpeAeneHa crpaHa ce xopa, 3arIo3HarLI c ueittara Kynrypa, a qecro rrbrrr - u roBopcry e3r4K r4 rrMalqr'I ycraHoBeHI'I KoHTaKTI4 cpeA HaceneHvero Koraro t i' rop Hururpop @ora HarIpI'IMep peilrln Aa rzanparv rlpareHuK Ao r rnsg Cserocnan, ras6op.br My naAHan Bbpxy Kalorup: rofi 6ul ,'}|'!F? OTHOTIIeHIIoIrta O6wa:ltTe Ha Ta3u O6IaCT", rrfi rarO 6utt Cvrlt Ha trp{llEl na Xepcou susau11uircKara KoJroHrzlr n Kprnrvr, Ko-aro rloAAbp)KirJra - BprilC pocraresa. llonqrora 6rano gocrarruuo crpaHarar\B KoflTo orl4Ba. llarpuxuar TaBeH Harlero Ha Bl'I3aHTIaficxoro KpilncrBo, 3arlloro - cropeq leopru Ke4pun - 6uttllo3Har Ha Kpiln llad (756-77qst. A upes ran us6panra'E Br.r flpareHlrqecrtsoro al 6aua uy III IGcu (781-810) u ce B no-pegxu cnylqla]l1- r43t{CKBaHero ,ua ce rro3HaBar MecTHIare IqrJrryFr o6wtav 6uno npruraraHo 14 KbM ynpaBI{TenI,ITe, KOTTTO IIeHTpanHaTa B6a Ha3HarraBana no MecTa. Tartn e npuMepbr c n:bpBl4q cTpaTeI Ha Xepcm- L peri presbeon Romaion pros ethnikous. - In: PG 133,.cols. 636431 , BX. IIo'<!a 53 co1. 637 C. Cpn. Lee, D., J. Shepard. A Double Life. Placing the Peri Presbeon. -BY* His 2'77; Leo Diac' lY-6 (d peB. PT,3KI4Te Mex[Y XePor The 200' London-NewYal looA on_o? ss Georgius Cedrenus loannis Scylitzae Compendium historiarum (rec. Bekker! !. Bonn, 1839, p. 355. s6 Louighis, Z S Les ambassades byzantines en Occident depuis la foundation k 6tats barbares jusqu' aux Croisades (407-1096). 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B CbaIHHe I:'' : Ha TeosaHonzt lIpo4'tJI)KI{Ten Ce HaT'bKBaMe Ha eAI'IH nIo6OnI'ITe}I errlls'' pa3y3HaBaT eJIIIa MI4cI1fl Ha MIOcIOJIMaI'IcKI4 npaTeHI4III{ n o6caxirlaHa OT Bl1' . Tr4firlr4Te KperrocT. cnoueuarz_rrT errr{3oA e BM:bKHaT B pa3Ka3a 3a Ilap}BaF: gAI{H BI{A yBo,4 K-b\i , Ha PoMaH II (959-963;72, go Bc:bllgocr npeAcraBntlBa , ropr{fra Ha rlapyBaHero Ha nprreMHr.rKa vry Fft4xr,rQop II Ooxa (963-96" trcToprlft, KO-flTO alIoHI4MHI4fT IIpI{[BopeH xpoHIICT TAKA V He Hanllcan. 14taxa, cTaBa AyMa 3a Kpr.rTcKaTa KaMrraHr4n OT 960 f. IIO BpeMe Ha l- pyBaHero Ha PoMaI{ IL lnasHoxoMaHABailI Ha ponteiicxv'te cvlu 6u;r Aorte - - Tr4KT,T Ha cxoJrr{Te, Mafr4cT:L,p Hur<ratpop oora. llpegxo4naTS. K?MrI&HlIf :. npeB3eMaHe IIa OcTpoBa oT 3aBJIaAelII'ITe ro IIpeAI4 IIOBeT{e oT BeK apa6ll [rl-- na npone4eHa npl{ Koscranrnn EalpeHopo[Hl{ 14 3aBr,pIIII4na Karacrpo$a-l- Ho. I{aMnaHrrflTa OT 960 r. O6arte ce OKa3aJIa ycrrerrlHa, I4 To He caMo 3apafll yMeHr4fra Ha rJIaBHOKOMaHABarqzx Hzrra$op (roxa, a v 3apanv roBa, r{e - cnopeA TeoQauonufl llpoAbDKnreJI - o6caAeslasr eMI4p Ha Kpur ue 1olyqll' noMour or uyN6nHa. Enlup:sr Igpytta, KaKTO ro Hapr4qa aHoHr4MHr4flT BI43aHTLIi,ICKI4 XpOHIlcr. He nonyqun Kopa6r4 r4 BofrHr4rlr4 or Apyrr4 MIocIoJIMaHcKr{ BJIaAereJIrr no cJre,Il- HaTa rrplFII{Ha. /{oKaro BI43aHTLIirl\ATe O6CaXAaII,I fJIaBHaTa I(penoCT Ha oCT- poBa - cDr.mela, eMr4p:bT Ha Kpzr ygnfln ,qa c:bo6rq14 3a cnyqBaIIIoTo ce Ha c:b- ,t yira Hludowici imperatoris (ed Pertz) - In: MGH SS II, p. 629.18-25. B>t<. tt Sinteonova,I. The Short Fuse: Examples of Diplomatic Abuse in Byzantine and Bulgarian History. - Byzantinische Forschungen,23,1996,55-J4,no-cneu. c. 58. Cps. Aueenoe, 17 CpegHoneronHara 6r',nrapcl(a Allnno N{aul'{ q, 12I I 22. 72 3a qapynaueto Ha Poltas ll rt:)x' Theoph. Cont. (ed. Bonn'), 469-48I ' Cpn' npeso- la ua M. -f. Ctogtotrlos Ha c'boTBeTH[fl flacax, BI(J]nrIeH y'. 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Guerilla, places fortes, villages ouverts i la frontidre orientale de Byzance vers 950 AD. - In: Castrum 3' Fortification et habitat organis6 par la casa de velasquez dans le monde m6diterran6en au Moyen Age fColloque 4348' ex' oco6 c 47' et 1'Ecole frangaise de Romel. Madrid, 24-27 ' 11 '1985' '18 Cecaumeni Strategicon et incefii scriptoris de olficiis WassiliewslE, 8., V J)rnstedf. regiis libellus. Petropoli, 1896 (repr': Amsterdam, 1965)'24'p' 9' 7e llar rau, 26, c.9. 522 t a, {l l. 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B C:slr1Oro BpeMe Apyro BI43aHTI4frcKO IIpaTeHI4tIeCTBo OTHIII- 8r HagsaHugta Ha Kopa6ilTe y eu:auruficrl,ITe aBTopr4 rtecro 11.t'T14 ca 3auMcrBaHu or -. rr4qHara nr4reparypa Ll He orfoBapqr Ha geiicrnureJlHocrra. B>x: Eickhoff, E Seekt'ieg i-' Seepolitil< zwischen Islam und Abendland. Berlin, 1966'p. 135 sqq' sa Theoph. Cont. Chron. V 68 (ed. Bonn,),308-309. Cpu, l1podoncame"tb @eaq): (pea. Ilro6apcxuit), c. 129. nt lloeecrl' BpeMeHHbIX -rrer (peg. J1]'rxaqes - AqplaaHoea-flepeu), I, c. 33. 8(' Ltudprand. Antapod. V 15 (ed. 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Maxap roBa:Ia He e r43pr{qHo yrroMeHaro or su:aHrufrcrrrre aBTopu, pr3rJlex,qa, qe u cbce.l- Hr.rre npaBuTeJrcrBa noAAbpxanu raintu Bplb3KId, aKo He c xopa or llMrlepa- TopcKr4r ABop, To noHe c sugaHruficxv MecrHI,I ynpaBvffenv Ir rIoJIeBIt KoMaHAr{prr. Koraro n.srofi or re3l4 KoMaHAI4prr orJIaBflJI Merex cpeqy qe}il- panHara BJracr s KoHcraHrzHorroJr, rofi o6urnoBeHo rronlqaBaJr noAKperra or cBovre ,,Trpkrrtrelrv" ot npournHl,IKoBara crpaHa. Haupzuep, Koraro us6yx- Bzurr{ Merexrr B t43ToqHlzre npoBl4Ht\krrr Ha vurrepvflTa, apa6u"re He 3aK:bcHt- Burv na oKax(ar noMoul Ha MerexHr4xa. Taxt'e 6utt ctlyim,nr cr,c crparera Ha rerraa Auaronr4roH JIrn, 6r,geql4qr I4Mreparop JIrn III (717-741), xofiro ce BArlfHan c sorZcxr4re cvrHa 6yHr cpeqy TeoAocrzfi III (715-717). Apa6ure oKa3anr{ noMorr{ rE na Torrra Crae.flur4na, Koraro rofi ce pa:6yHrynar cpeq)' JIrs V (813-820) rr HacneAHuKa My Mzxaur IIer. 3acnyxana cr.r Aa ce cnpeM MaJrKo ro-noqpo6uo Ha rrcropra-flra c JI:bs. rofiro 6zr uasua.reH 3a crparer Ha reMa AHaroruroH or r4Mneparop Auacra- cufiIL Cnopeg xpoHrrcra TeoQaH ilpe3 rlqnoro BpeMe ua 6op6ara crr cpeu)' cneABaxrprq uMneparop Teolocufi III IIrs rafino noAA:bp)Kan Bpib3Kr4 c apa- 6ure. Oco6eHo recHr.r 6luu nprsrr{re My c Macrarr.ra, 6par Ha xaru{a Cro- lefiuaH oT Ar4HacTr4flTalF'a orraa.nlure, xofiro cMqTaJr, qe eAuH AeH B nvrlero na JIrs u1e r4Ma cBos Mapr4oHerra Ha Bu3aHrrritcrus, npecron. B cruloro npe- nae, 6rarolapeHr,re Ha Bpb3xt4re ctr c xaruQara, JIrn ycn-ar .qa 3aAbpxr{ Alropuou noA Br.r3aHruitcxaBnacr v, rroHe go apa6cxarao6caya na KoHcraH- TrrHorroJr s 777 r., Aa He AonycKa HrrKor,r qacru or r43TorrHr4Te npoBrzHquvHa Busasrv.s. Aa crpaAar npeKaJreHo MHoro or apa6crure uanageuvnez. Tnr,ple ManKo ce 3Hae r4 3a roBa, c KaKBI4 cpeAcrBa areHTvre npeAaBa- lu ct 6pauara or rrx raHrpopuaqu-fl. I4ssecrHo e, qe u susarrTvfigu, u apa6u ca I,I3rron3Banv cBeTIwtHHI,M lryrueqHl,r ctrtHarrllr 3a npegaBaHeTo Ha raHQop- Maqu.fl orHocHo noAforoBKara Ha Bpaxecrua Qnor. flpyr nro6orrrreH Ha'.firH ga rafiHo npeAaBaHe Ha uuQoprr,rar\vfl e oIIvcaH or llponuxvTeJrfl Ha TeoQan. Crasa AyMa 3a pa3y3HaBarenHr.r cBeAeHvrfl, orHacflrrlr4 ce 3a 3aroBo- pa r4 nocnenBanilfl Merex s 913 r. Ha AoMecrr4Ka Ha cxoJrr,ITe Koucranrrur na ntrgauruftcKr.r.rr [Mfieparop n Etnrapra.a [pe3 BTopara rrorroBfiHa ua VIII s. - B'bs: fllucra - Maqapa e1 - flpecrae, Np 8, 23 naapr 1981. Theoph. Cont. Chron. II.10 (ed. Bonn), p. 54. Cpe. ITpodotucamenu QeoSaua (peg. Jlro6apcrufi), c. 26. Cps. Kopstein, 1L L'usurpateur byzantin Thomas et les Arabes. - Graeco-Arabica, I! 1991, 127-140. e2 Theophanis Chronographia (ed. de Boor), 593-599. 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B:ss susaurufi craTa r{cTopllc ^'.. - ce cpeilIar n trpyfLr cBeAeHI4.fl 3a npe[aBaHe Ha Ba)I(Ha pa3y3HaBa-- :---- .: $oprvraqrur noA raKaBa $opua. ,{ocrartuuo e ,qa cI4 npHnoMHI'l}I ucropl4qra c yrIeHZKa na IIbs Mareuarux. [Ipe: 838 r. B:brpocHll-qr ]: Harrupafixu ce n o6cageHllfl or apa6ute Auopuon, HaMepI4n Hzr{HH r-: ge Ha xanu$a ra or o6cagara, 3arloro Ao ABa AHI4 rpa : He ce orKa3Ba na,{He B pe3ynrar or npeAareJlcrBo. B pa:xa:a Ha xpoH}lcrl4Te N't.la-: - HapeqeH astrOnotnOS - nyMa, KOflTo qecTo ce ynorpe6tlBa oT BI43aHrl: - aBToprl Karo SI4HSHI4M Ha ,,acrporor". OtIeslaAuo zu$opuaqratrra 3?' Horo npeAareJlcrBo n Auopuon e 6uta I43npareHa ua xanz$a no4 $:: Ha acrponoruqecKo npegcxa:auue'0. Crx6ara Ha 3aJIoBeHI4Te IIrrI{oHI4 HaBcflK'sne 6ula eAua I{ c:btua - ' BaJra rr4 uesa6asua CMT,pT. I4ClguCrOrO 3aKOHoAaTencTBO O6aqe 1rpe.f!. : JIO etrHo CMeKqaBaUIO BI4HaTa O6crOtIreIcTBO: aKo I[nI{oHI{H:bT Ce C: , - - HerrT,JrHorIeTeH, Tofi rp.a6nano aa6'sae ocT,AeH He Ha cM'bpr' aHa po6c ' g11IICF.,, f,yxOnuunr caH C'b11IO AaBan I43BecrHa 3AIt\wrA Ha O6BI4H9HI4q B - Moxen Aa ro cnacl4 or cMT,prHo HaKa3aHI4e. B 157 r. Hanpl4Mep Aull'- cKr4rrr narpr,Iapx Teogop 6ul :anogo3pqH or apa6vre, qe npenaBa qpej rvra (rp. : dia grammaton) ran$opu a\tlfl 3a c's6vtrvsra B MrocIoJIMaHcKII; - Mr4 Ha Koucraurzu V Itonponuu. TeoAop 6nn apecryBall I4 I43npareH F-'- ToqeHr4el0o. Cnopeg @. /_[nopHraK HrrKor4 or r]r4cMara Ha narpr4apxa clrr,.: ca6vlm [puxBaHaTI{ OT apa6I,ITe vHaITvcaHoTO B T-sX e AanO OCHoBaHII.: -. Topr,T LrM ra 6b,qe saroqeulo'. B:s:t ocuOsa Ha HaIII4qHI4fl I43BOpOB MaTepuan TpyAHO MoIaT Aa ce nr. . ne,qqr KaHaIrvITe,Iro Kor'ITo B ABopoBere Ha BnaIereJII4Te or VIII-X B. i - r:brrBaJra MepoAaBHa raHsopuaqu-fl 3a qyx,ql4 crpaHlr v Hapotrtzr. Bce nal' npr4BeAeHr4Te npuMepu ce Br4xAa, qe ro3r{ run zHQopMa\vfl, ce froJryrrar,: 14 rrpe3 OSIaqualHU, 14 IIocpeACTBoM HeoQl4t\I4anlgla LI3TOqHIIIIII, T.e. K?KTtr e8 Georgius Monachus Continuatus. E rec.,L Bekkeri, Bonnae, 1838, 804-806; l. Gramnratici Chronoglaphia. E lec. I. Belclceri. Bonnae, 1842, 224-225; Pseudo-S1,tt . chronographia. - In: Theophanes contirruatus, Ioannes cameniata, symeon Magr. Geotgius Monachus. E rec. L Belckeri. Bonnae, 1838, 638 640. ')" Shctyabani, M. Siyar al Kabirah. Vol. IV Caito. 1960, p'226. tqi Theophanis Chronographia (ed. de Boor), p.663. t(tt Dvornilt, E Origins of Itrtelligence Services, p. 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BtffTpa, Ko.rll4qecrBoro, Bl4coql4Hara V QOprr,rara Ha o6ra.{Hocrra, I4HTeH3I4B- HOCTTa l[,B]1lna Ha BaJreXr4Te. 3a cuqecrByBaHero Ha Apyftr, r(aro crrr,r*reBa- Ta pa4na\Lrq, r43MeHeHr4ero Ha 3eMHara op6zra 14 cr(opocrra Ha BT,preHe Ha nrraHeraT?, Teqaqure B Henpara I4 IrpolecZ, ctrcraBa Ha la3oBere B aTMoc- Qepara T,H. r4 cpeAHoBeKoBHr4Te r{3cJreAoBareJrr4 He ca ?r noAo3r.rpanr4. flpoueHrare Ha KJrrrMara ca r,rHTepecHr sa vrcropyrrca, r,rit Karo noAcKa3- Bar 3a gerrlorpaocKr4 npoMeHr4 - B nepr4oA sa He6laronprlflTeH Knr4Mar p-s3- KO CnaAa 6po.ar ua 6paxonere rr ce yBenr4qaBa Bb3pacrra Haxopara, Bcr:brr- Baurr4 3a n:bpBri rlibr B 6par - ua1ttoaasa ce HaMiureHue Ha HaceJreHr4ero, 14 o6paruo - B nepl4oAuua yo6pv KJII4Marr4rrHrr ycnoBzq 6poxr Ha HaceJreHr4ero ce yBenr4qaBa; p:bcrr,T c:brrlo ce Brrvfle or KJrlrMarr4qHr4Te oco6eHocru; B rre- pI'roAI4Te Ha 3acrytrsBaHe ce yBenrrqaBa pr{cKT,T or rnaA v erTv4eMnvl or cro- rraHcKa 14 B:brperrrHororzrl4qecrn npo6lelru. 3a Enpona nepr4oAbr MexAy IV z VII B. e rIepI4oA Ha 3acryAsBaHe, VII-XIII s, - Ha KlrrrMarr4rreH orrrt4- nayu, XIII-XIV e. - Ha nopeAHoro 3axnaxAaHe. ,{o roJrflMa crerreH 3a onpe- Aen-flHero r4M rroMarar cBeAeHr4.flTa or xpouuxrare5. [a ce BT,pHeM'Ha pa3BVTI4ero Ha Mereoponoil4flTa sr,s Br4gautuq. BugaurraficKr4Te yqeHr4 TaKa kr He ycrurBar Aa ce orr,pc-flT or Brr4qHzero Ha Apucrorel. Hafi-roleMqr ca lprzHocrrre sa Olraulzo4op, Muxanl llcel, iloatE rtran,Muxaut E0ecrz, Encrparufi Hureficxu, oo"to KoMeHrr4par He- foBara ,,Meteopororr4Ka"o. BlarogarHo noJle 3a aHaJII43 Ha no,qo6uu asre- H14fl, CaU C]blq'r4rleH:1,srra, rrOCBereHIr Ha 6oxecrseuoro clbrBopeHlule Ha CBera - T. Hap. Illecro4ueu4, or r(or4To rro-r,r3BecrHkr ca re3v ua Bacutuit Beriuxu u ftoau ExsapxT, " Kocmun, C, OcHosra Ha MereopoJrotwtravr Knl4Maroroft4qrc. C., 1953, c,273. s floseqe cBeAeHrt nx. y Tblelis. /. Historical-Climatological Infolmation from the Time of the Byzantine Empire (4th-15tt' centuries AD).- History of Meteorology, 2,2005, p.47; Eopuceurcoe, E., B. llaceqrcuil. I_{ur. c'r.r., 55-79. t'3a ecuqru r.ffx BX.: Kazhdan, At. PThe oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. I-III. Neu, York, 1991 - ga oruunlroAop or Alercaugpur - vol. III, p. 1524; sa Muxarar flcel vol. - IIl, 1754-1755; zalloautrlrat - vol. II, 1059-1060; sa Mvxaut or EQec - vol. II, p. 1369; sa Encrparnii Hut<eftcwr - vol. II, p.755, KaKro r{ lyrcoea, c Kocruorpa$u.recrufi TpaKrar Encrpau.t-a Huxeilcroro. - Br4saurfificrufi npeueHurar,41 , 1986, 145-156. 1 lloau Ercsapx. IllecrogHen. 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Tat<a [oqBaTa Ha [bra [oKa3Ba, Ve r4rru ilIe BiuII4 AT,XI, ZnI4 III9 I4Ma npo- MsHaHaBpeMeTo;aKoIIpe33'|MaTaI,IMaMaJIKocHgI'ToI4npe3IqToToIIIeI4Ma ManKo ,[bxA. Ilogo6nu r43BOArr orKpr4BaMe v B HflKoI4 OT raAarenHllre KHI4II4. MuorO qecT6 cpes{oBeKOBHI,ITe neTOnI,ICqI4 npaBflT onllT CJI9I O\ilcAHI4- ero Ha arrr,rocsepnlrTe na!.aT oTroBop I'I Ha B.bllpoca 3a cbIIIIIocr- flBIreHytA \a Ta r{M. ,,3auepneHoTo cnGrrrle e rroKpr4To oT I43Al4IHiUIA"ta ce HaA 3eMqTa napa r4 cJIeAoBareJIHo IIIe rIaAHe A.6xI 14 IrIe I'IMa 6ypn, a 3aqepBeHara nyHa fIoKa3Ba' qe Ue v,"a Bfl-t.bp" 15. IrlrrrepecHo e v o6fl,cHeH,reTo, KoeTo Izloau Er:apx n ce or-pflBa or ,,IIIecrogHeB" gaBa 3a noqBara Ha [T,x,qoBere: ',Koraro Mopero qAATT4 HA BOAATA BT'B BI4A HA I'I3- CJIb}IqEBI4TC JI:F,TIIII, TO II}IiI4I.A HAI]OPE JIEKI{TE IIapeHV,'IvInv]M^I4KoIaToTa3I,IBnaraceBb3HeceAoBI,IcoKI4TeMecTa,T'ce qacTIIqI{Te ce [peB- oxJlaxAa; t4 r43}Tr4;glaiJ]lr.r 3aeAHo Ao cTeHaTa Ha o6naql'ITe, - fllBl4. T. 22, c. 193; sa BflTbp - B.un: KoncranrUs Manacra - XpoHt'ma na KoHctaHtuH MaHacu. - flar raM, c' 88 n r. s. qBrle- ta cBoIZte ,,IIeTonUcI4" MUXaUI |ltura onUCSa U MHOXecTBo acTpoHoMI4qecKU B KaTO fII CBbp- Ht4tr - [peMI4HaBaHe Ha KOMeTa, cJIbHqeBH 3aT'bMHeHL{q, UeO6Uqafiuu 3Be3A!1' ull4 3Ba c TpaAI4Ill.{oHHI4 r43- 6egu. Tercrr'r ex. Y Bo[ure na M. l-rruxa JIe- 33; [aeHr s[gaHr4ftcro- III, 1931, c.439. ' tt froo, Ercsapx. IllecrogHen. - Bts: Crapa 6rnrapcra nllreparypa, T. 5. C" 1992' g',t-98. 'u flax rau, 90-91. 11 I-{e., I4a. ,[yrt.uee. EcrecrnogHaru4ero B cpeAHoBeKoBHa E'uraplta' Bx. Kpucmauoe, C,, 1954,258-301. Cnopeg .rax ,,[ualosure.. ca clctaeeHl4 oKoJIo cpe[aTa Ha VI e. 14 caMo ce rIpI4IIl4cBaT ua KecapUfi, 6par Ha fpuropraft Hagua1cx4. flpeneneuu ca Ha ct1'aBgHcKI'I e3I4K X e. Br,n sugaHrlaficKaTa KHI4XHI4Ha BepoqTHo B HaTIaIIOTO Ha TeKCT6T e IIO3HaT ll I'I3IIOII3BaH or feopru Mouax, Mlrxaul ftnra, feopru CQpauqec lt gp' '8 flar tau, 282-283. 730 ' i '\c I ! ,: ( ,ii ll s At lr ''r\b" \i IEL 'LIV 'r '':,rsn'ru\1 'eanpr(fr'sI4 'en 'eotowcndy ,, '98I 'c '8861 ''J 'rld€Jrs,g eHsoxeaoH[edc s n4ueHo eJllHbl€HoHesJceJcg 'el7'aeouo6:tOV_.Oet''t'cc'JufI'aanp{fr'ey'efi'eouowcndy'('xsxur eleso[Us eu Yerredl ,, sr4HesYerccl4 OJI,IHX€a-oU eH doego c I,IJl4Hv I,IHIIoJ?IeJ ^xdq.s '998'tSE'OLZ'992 'c ''hq'c 'tu\1 'eanytfr 'sI4 "sn 'eouowcndy ,, 'gy7'c ''t+c'r;trl1 'rynxhacn11 'g "I 'so'fiacndog o, 'ZVI'c'g '1 'edfredernr excderrr.g eder3 :a*g - 'rrarpedroe't u ruQedrolrcox €HsoIesoH[edc orI T4XWoUJO 'nxhaHaw)ox HnutHOMJItoX 6l 'el4lfetrewet c<Lc oc erl4rrl g -ss?y[uH€6 fiedc Cen[ O[ u les.,(llag I4 TLIJOIIOdOoIoW eI€H[Od€H u Ies€HuI/tI -edu,uruUy nser s I4Heffdro '€.r,gpIselotr93H IO IIOXBH's7,eoXel'r1 vdel}]/lI4]F. -r€Ht EH lds,y{C ['eUeg €H'eIoVOIr,{YXevt esOL{hIC'OHPIa OJOHII U esOIbK'tY (elCed eLEH1rt OI€JO>I 'udgvteOg lteoeW gedu uv{dSr OJOHII €g€h€Hto BSOI -odu Oxy" :Iell{ruedx ec olexleda €H oIeIIHe[oIIJg?H I'I €IBlIdese'{C xeX $ert (eII4HtrIIeC -ndu nn[e U OIg 'zzltndesl(C CqC I4 I4HeIerlOdII ?C OICeh OH €H l4tr -XfH eluHseH[exe 'eIuXCenUlX€du prresrrOgoYu€ eC OII4Oy 'OJoH s eIlIHoI/'I -odu ll o.reweds r(xds.a vr4*enlrugeH I'IHesr,c[adcouen esoxes c eIuH"IIfdIeH ro err4J€rrf^,{red nHelrgogo €c xBI g 'd[ u (errunecedlewes Yedorrc) ,,uou.ror -oweuec(( .(e,leur{1 BH Orer,rHe)KI,Ia[ tredouc) ,,ylIHHd.If" '(eluuurrnr fledouc) [edollc rI'IH€[€J) ,,xuirws'd1" 'd€H'r - Rvt]g' ,,vt4HrfqtrAl" '(erul1r'Iue.Iolrrs,fu -eIrsr l4Htrodudu l'edouc I4JIaHy oILIHIIoI€I€J s I^leudxlo B[ weXOW oleweds ?s I4toHJodil ..lIycHI4IcI4" 'ladolse eluHsoxesoH[edc Io eHushdodu eu rxegO eC €I?yitI,rrx €H I,IIHoI lette o.l,t{HSOHCO IO IC€h €I IBIIOJ 'v[US eC OIX?X 'rreds"wa eH oIeH€ sf s€ dg o v e Le Jal BH er,efl odl4du e e ewesurrden uXr'enelc oX HIaIHeIS -HoX eH E3;vr4-;1e1;g1rJrNox Io OgoHIO ',,glr$gfuOeJ fi BvqedJollcox ?Haoxes (eIpIrIUs -OH[edC OII IIXWOruO" 'UudeCey-OYseCU EH t,r4E)]trevlf1" u ertednweH -eroylqdJ I4 oil4III4seXIesC l€strIts€ICtredn OSXeX '3gOI et erzHeHCrgo 'OzuHrosl4x I'I EdOX 3H €rrd<tl^lc €If€xI'Is 'J -rI4[edII n ndewoed uli\lelfoJ c €xmf[edJ €II?HI€II ToIIOHIIIH€IoHOX s (,901 sed[ eh,e oulceaeZ.61:,..'rcoHrnHqs eHhLI[Wd C €v{doo ?J,,(d[ s €I€II '€Irt{et OY OtpIIIg-O[ eHeqdnrc€ ur OXg "'€IonIIOI eH trI4s slts €tr€rr ?g€JOI ,anerg[ eHerc eH?sss,dw€s €sor o>rv 'elrwe€ oHJUICOV e[ u[edu 'eHecdnl€e rs.tr)Ks,[ OreJO)r ,EE{V€IV eC €Xmf[?dJ" :eI4HeHCtrgO OIOHIoIIC EfJr|oY eC ''d[ r4 trxl{Ijeg qilw ceg 'recg IIIl€xutr tr ',llt3 noewl{J IO esolcxel I4xct4l'IlHetl'Ig 's AX €ed[ IIxheHercox HI4rH€rcHoX Jo ilHatreaedu u ulredgYou ',,ru+?fuo -eJ r,r Br,r+€fuowcox €HsoxesoHxodc oII uynolflo'( 'den'r, g 'u[el€sotrelfctpl eu{HsoyesoHyedc f cedersz utrfg orn<.c el€xmf['€dJ €H laYoxel{odll I f ,[Hec uereoponorlulTa I{3IIoJI3Ba He caMo AaHHL'ITe or ua6ruogeHr4ero Ha BpeMero rrpl,r AaBaHero Ha cI{HonrI,rtIH}I rporHo3l,I, Ho I4 MHoxecrBo $nsrue- cKr{, MaTeMaTI,rlrecKLl I,I eKcrlepr.IMelrrilJlHv 3aKoHoMepHocrl4, cJroxHa anapury' pa r4 TexHr4Ka. Eeg Aa pa3nonarar c rtx, nrnsanrlficrIale ) IeHI,I ca MorJIIr B ro- JrtMa crerreH Aa orroBoptr Ha Bbrlpoca,,KaKno Iqe 6t1e npeuero?'t, onzpafi- Ha AOCTTDKeHITflTAC]dnpl,d [pOrIBaHeTO Ha eJIeMeHTI'tre Ha KJII4MaTAIl}lA KI,r Ce MHoroBeKoBHr4re Ha6nrcrenilfl, Bbpxy flporl,rqallrt4Te n aruocQepara flBrentore. 732 3arBopHt4K? ILnu ca 6uru prsnor3BaHr4 il ABara BvAa apryMeHrrr 3a orcrpa- - \r HrrBaHero Ha eIHa noreHrllranHa onacHocr or ABopa Ha flerrp 14 3a BT,3Mox- KI Hocrra B r,r3rrpa3HeHara or sofiHara 6urapcxa xa3Ha Aa nocr:bnr4 eAHa npr4- Jrr4rrHa cyva? Ha resu B'brrpocu eABa rrv HqKofa ilIe y3HaeM orroBopa. BJ Or rosu MoMeHT HacerHe r4c'ropt4flTa, pa3Ka3aHa or Br43aHTprficxure ol xpoHI4crI,I, He HI4 r.I3HeHaABa c KaKBoro u ya 6ullo: HI4To c roBa, qe 3a I43Bex{- AaHero Ha rlapcKr4n 6pat or crpaHara e 6ul r43rroJr3BaH craHAaprHrzqr Mapupyr, no rcofiro ca nbryBanu nusaHtufi.cKr4Te npareHr,IqecrBa no Erma- l prrfl.u o6paruo, Hr,rro c roBa, qe eAr4H qJreH Ha 6:urapcrara BnaAerelcra $a- q r.r.rrrrrrfl. e 6ul rpervpaH or r.rMneparopa Karo 3uuroxHrrK, xofiro - cpeuly BI,I- C cor( caH, 6par c sr4gaHrr4ficxa HeBecra H npl{nnqHo IaMorHo cr,cro.flHr.Ie - Iqqn I\ ya6rne noAp'bxa n ctynfi., qe uMnepr4flra penana Aa ce HaMecIa n pa6orr.Ire B Ha c:F,oTBeTHaTa AbpxaBa. H Hyxuo e Aa ce rr3T:bKHe Bce rraK, rre Karo l,rMneparopcKz npareHrrK 3a ra- X 3r4 .[eJrlrKarHa Milcufl. e 6uno r43non3BaHo He HsKoe cBercKo nl4ue. a MoHax - a peKTopr,T froag. Monacure cnyxenr4 He caMo Karo I43TouHI,IqLI Ha BaxHa ri rauQopuaqur, Ho Mo)KeJrura6'sg.at u nocpeAHI4III4 npl4 npoBexraHero na rafr- nr4 orrepaqllv. BusanrkiacKara r4cropraorpadrun crroMeHaBa 3a He eAI4H v \Ba I crry.ttafl., n.ryx6uHa Karo tafinunpa- Koraro MoHacr{ lrbryBiulu B crpaHara zrur reHVuH Ha AMneparopa. BepoarHo KaKro Iro-roJlflMara cno6oga Ha IIpIUBIDKBaHO, C KOflTO pa3nonalanlul MOHaCI4TO)Ta,KA 14 npe3yMnIII{.flT4, qe Te ca rro-ManKo nogarnr4Br4 Ha cBercKu cr6lazsu I4 Kopym1I.r.fl, e [pI4rII4Hara, ro- I paArr Ko.rrTo 3a r43nbJrHeHr4eTo Ha Aenr4KaTHu}|{r4ckrv BnaAeTenI4Te npeArIotIHTa- nu Ia ce AoBepqBar Ha rqx, BMecro Ha BI4cIrII4Te cA cauonnuqu. Tara Halpr.rMep, Koraro Mraxaur II nlsstr s raifirra nperoBopl4 c eAI4H or crpare- 3r4Te Ha ToMa Crae-flHlr:n&lr.auv e fpuropufi flrepor, 3a AoBepeHo nuqe Ha rrM- neparopa nocpeAHVK Mexny Hero 14 HaMI,IpaIrIIz.a ce n Tparzn crparer cny- 14 xen eAr4Hcry4aficru lronax'0. O6caAara Ha KoncranrilHolloJl or Tolra Cran.snuna lr'aKapura I4 xaH Orvryprar qa npu6erHe ao ,;aitua AI4rInoMaqI,IJI". flo gyurare Ha Teo$aHonua flp olrlNzreJr,,B p a3rap a Ha r e3h vs6nrus. 6rmap cru-ar BnaAeren MopraroH - Beqe ce 6vl npr,cHan rlo cBera cJlyxbr, ue polteficrvflT Bacrrlrenc e nog o6- cana - rafiHo orrrpaBr.rn Ao r4Mneparopa [pareHI4III4, rlo co6creeua eors o6e- ilIan Aa My n3nparr4 cbro3Hl4qecxa soficxa I4 npeAnoxur rorqMa roMorq"2l. 20 Theoph. Cont. Chron.II.16 (ed. Bonn.), p. 63. Cpn. Ilpodotucamenu @eo$ana (peg. Jlrc6apcxtrfi), c.31. 2t Theoph. Cont. Chron.lI.17 (ed. Bonn.), p. 64. Cpn. llpodotucamenu cDeofiaua(peg, lho6apcxnil), c.32. s06 109 .pe)'uoJ.trcroaqJ.)(s:€wo[ { {rrr oreuelnq.du 14 ore'esdn ytuetvnutrcfi.r:fl:;:.'":;ffi:1 -ou uclovoel ehfiJredeuru1a wolfl 'x€Hon HesoHvt4go uvg e vu eeEe edttfi(y doloel 7 o. 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Ha rpaxrnra Aranuit cnyxen Karo rIocpeAHLIK rlpld npeAaBaHero Ha pa3y3HaBareJIHI4 CBeAeHrrt, A enuH OT Xopara, XOUIO rOfi uurpoprvrr.rpan , 6ul car',rutr Pouau I Ilaxanuu (920-944). 14 raKa, 3a Aa ycMr4- pv pa3Mr4pHara \46eput, I4MrIeparopr,r I{3nparl4n nporocnarapl{fl KoucragruH Aa 3aHece M Hcrr,pcKt4 wrtraruit Ha MecrHllr apxoHT Kypreuufi Wuup, c Koero nocneAHI,IflT rpr6naro Ia 6r,Ae npolnBeneH B paHr uMnepcKpl Marr,rcrr,p. Creg raro lrgtrrlr:nvtil gapraqara cI,I B KaBKa3xal46epun27, nporo- cilarapvtr KoncraHuaH 3aMI4HM sa Hurol,Ie4Ian (lH. I4zwrup). llo ctuoro BpeMe s KoHcraHrr4Honon npllcrl4rHan MoHax:br Aranvfr., xofiro 6ral xogun Ha noKnoHeHr.re B EpycarrErr,r. Ha npuqaHe or cBerv-fl rpa4 rofi 6ur MIaHan rtpez I46epvn, ocranailxl4 I43BecrHo BpeMe B Kpenocrra Ap4auyqu. Tana nprl Aranuit [orrrbn narpuxllqr Acorlrfi Kucxacrac - poAHpIHa I'I 3aKJIer Bpar Ha roKy-rqo npov3BeAeHuq B Mafllcrrp KypxeHtrir,I4nup. Acorufi Ka3ulrl Ha rlr,- TpanJvfl, MoHax cne,qHoro: ,,3aKrenaM re s Eora il B cvrara Ha qecrnns, pr 25 Theoph. Cont. (ed. Bonn.), p.415. Cpn. Ilpodon4came./tb <DeoSaua (peg. Irc6ap- crufi), c.77 7 . l4cropustra e [oBropeHa rroqrr4 [ocJroBHo or flpogtlNttrerul Ha feopru Mo- uax: Muralt, E. Georgii monachi dicti Hamartoli Chronicon V 10.29-30 (Petropoli, 1859) u or f. KeqpIlH: Scyl.-Cedren. (ed. Bonn.), 301 .20-310.11 . 'o Koucmoumuu Bazpnuopoduaui. 06 ynpannenuuuwnepneit,46.49-169. Peg. ,f ,f Jlumaepuua n A, IT. Hoeocenaqeea. M., 797 7, 204-210. 21 llogW6eput (uttuLTnupur) n rosu reKcr ce pas6rpar Bnap.envrLra Ha r. Hap. IIBI,I- puittcxu Barparugu.3a [ose.{e cBeAeHuJI Bx, KoMeHTapay'. Roucmaumuu Eazpnuopoduwi. 06 ynpaueHuu uvnepueit (peg. Jluranpun - Hosoceruqen), c. 421, 6en. 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Hanpulrep npe3 nbpBaTa IIoJIoBI4Ha Ha IX B. B anynl4ficKl4q rpaA OrpaHro cB. fpl4ropl4fi f{exano:rnr cI4 HaBIqK:bI rHeBa Ha MHOX9CTBOTO, TT'fi KaTO 6I4n 3anOAO3p.flH, r{e AeficTBa npOTI4B plHre- pecr.rre Ha Xpr4CTI{tI,II4Terr. C. MasrO AoIIyCKa, ale I{3TOIIHOTo IIOKpI4BanO 3a rJraBa, KOeTO TOfi 6I4n npLIHyAeH Aa HOcI,I, MOXe [a e CTaHaJIO ilp141II4uA MeCT- Hr4re Xopa Aa Io B3eMar 3a capal\krHcKl4 IIrIII4oHI4H34. B Kpaq Ha AeBeToTo cTo- Jrerue Br,B ByTpoToc Kana6pllitcxvs"r IpbK cB. VItlasHoeu nr,K 6TIn o6BI4HeH oT BIIcoKoIIocTaBeH BI43AHTUfiCKI,I qIIHOBHIIK, TIC TITIIOHI4PA B NON3A HA HAMIT- paj lwfl ce Ha6nl43o capaul{HcKl4 Slor3s. flo npanulo o6aqe nT,TyBarrlr4flT MOHaX 6Un no'ruraH KaTo cBflT qoBeK, nopaAr.r KoeTo v HeIoBoTo IIpI{ABIIXBaHe oT eAHo Mflcro Ha [pyro npoTl4qa- no o6qo B3ero 6ea npo6neMl4. lI:bryBaIIII4re MoHacI4 He ce orpaHl'IqaBanl4,[o cT,6r4paHe Ha O6l4qafiHaTa IlH$OpMa\Vfl - MeCTHI4 HOBI'IHI{ II KJIIOKI4, KOIITO HayqABArru nO BpeMe Ha CTpaHCTBAHvflTA cI4. BnaIOAapeHue Ha KOHTaKTI4Te cr{ c MoHarrIecKI4 o6[IHocTI{ B rIy)K6I,IHa Te MoxeJII,I Aa IIpeAocTaBflT A BaXHI{ KarrO BI4IIXMe OT cn) Ias C MOlIaxa CBe,qeHI4tI 3a cTaBaIIIoTO B Te3I4 CTpaHII. Aranufi u PolraH JIaKanI,tH, HepfAKo KpafiHl{tlr nolyqaren Ha c-b6paHara or MoHacIrTe IzHfopMaUI4fl c pa3y3HaBaTeJIeI:I XapaKTep 6vttt canfitqr I4MIIepaTop. flolo6en e cny1afTl4 cT'c cB. flaee;1 Hoeu JIarlpcKI4, Kofiro cIIopeA HeIo- 8r4fl. )Kr4Tnenqceq - IIoAA:bp)Kan peAOBHa KOpeCIIOH,qeHIII4.fl C KOsCraurzn Earpeuopo11rf6.ArO ce BrIpBa Ha XIuIrI4ero My, cBerell:r,T 6Ian rlpceu or BpeMe Ha BpeMe 3a MHeHrre rro BaxHr{ BBHIIIHOnoJIIITI4qeOKI'I BT'IIpOCI4. Ha ASa n:brr4 rofi npeAcKa3an Ha I4Mlleparopa, qe EefrcTBrlflTa My cpeqy apa|vre Hfl,- Ma na r4Mar Ao6T,p Kpaifl .llrpnulr nT'r rofi npeApeKr'n Kpaxa Ha Kpl4rcl(ara eKcrreAr4rll4fl oT 949 t.38, a ntopuqT IibT - oTKa3a Ha XaMAaHI4ASKIII eMI'Ip Ha Dt,ornilc, E LaYie de saint Gr6goire le D6capolite et ies Slaves Mac6doniens au IXe 33 sidcle fTravaux publ. par l'Institut des EfLrdes Slaves 5]. Paris, 1926, p' 58' 3a Mango, C. The Life of St. Gregory the Decapolite. - Byzantina, 13/1, 1985, 633-646, ro-cneq. c. 631. 3s Rossi Taibbi, G vita di Sant' Eiia il Giovane. Palermo, 1962,p.43. Cpa. Dct Costa- Lotdllet, G. Saints de Sicile et d'ltalie m6ridionale aux VIIIe, IXe et Xe sidcles. - Byzantion, 29, 1959, 89-173,sN. no-cneu. c. 101. ,,,VitaS.paulilunioris.-AnalectaBollandiana, 11,1892,19 14,136 181,ex.oco6. c.72. 3t Ha uosacuTe B.bB BugaHrraq qecTo ce [pr4nr4cBana rpopoqec*a [ap6a. 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Halpzuep orqe npv npr4crr.{r'aHero cra s KoHcraHT4HorroJr npareHvKrbr ua Orou I, Iluyrnparq, 6ur o6szHeH, rle, Karo ce npecrpyBa, qe e Aollribn c MI4p, e [pr{crl4tHaJt ))Ka- ro cbureABaq, r. e. rmrroHrau" (quasi kataskopon, id est exploratorem)as. Kpe- MoHcKI4lr enr,rcKorr 6zn oxpaH-aBaH ToJIKoBa crporo or,{oMaKr4HI4Te cI4, qe He Moxen Aa KoHTaKTyna cno6ogHo c:bc cBolrre rrpkrsreilu rr Aa [on) {aBa noAa- p:bllr4 or rqx, Koero rle peqe, qe 6zl JIZITTeH I{ or BT,3MoxHocrra,qa I43non3Ba neSopvranHvrre cv KoHraKrr4, sa ya cr6upa unQopuaqus,. Ho HeKa IaAeM ,qy- Marar'a caMlrfl.IluyrnpaHg, xofiro ol]rcBa npe6unanaHero - cBoero 14 Ha Apy- rr4Te qJreHoBe Ha repMaHcKaTa nenetary4fl - B eAHa cneqrraJrHo oTpeAeHa 3a rlenra Kibrrla B KoscraHrzHonoJr: ,,...oxpaHr4TeJrlrre 6rxa peueu:a Ia HV rro- ilperrar Ha MeHe r4 Ha Apyraprrre Mrr Aa HarrycKaMe KT,IrIara. Te xnarqaxa la- TrrHcKrr roBopeur4Te 6e4unqra, KoI4To rrnBaxa npr.r MeHe 3a Murroc'tuHn, v rr4 y6unaxa r4nr4 xBT,pnrxa B 3aTBopa. He nossorflBaxa Ha npeBoAar{a Hr't or rp'brlKr.r na vr3rrr4sa, Aopra 3a Aa Kynr.r npoBr{sr4t4. 3aroBa rpx6eame na llan:a3a HarnvflT rorBaq, BibnpeKr4 qe rofr He 3Haene lp:brlKkt r{, Kofaro rrcKallre Aa Ky- nrr Herqo or npoAaBaqa, Tofi caMo Moxeilre Aa My roBopr{ cbc 3Har-lr4 Ha npbc- Tr4Te cr4 r{ c Kr.rMaHe Ha uraBa BMecro c AyMr4: Tofi xylyrarue 3a rrefl4pn MoHe- Trr renKoBa, KoJrKoro npeBoAar{br 6r.r rymal 3a elya. Hqxon or Mor4Te npr4-flTe- rl.r4v'Lr r43npauaxa noAnpaBKV, xll6, nzuo t4 rrJroAoBe. Te [r. e. oxpaHzrelzre] xB'bpruxa Bcr4rrKo Ha 3eMrra r,r orn:bxnaxa [pareHr4rlr4Te, Karo o6cunsaxa rrp6onere vM c y\apv... Tarrzea 6stxa vznvranrrflTa v crpanaHtrqra, Kor4ro T:bprqx s KoHcraHTr.rHorroJr or qerBT,prr{ roHrz Ao BTopr{ oKToMBpra, B rrpoAr,n- )KeHr{e Ha cro 4naficer v gBa anrf'46. Or 4pyra crpaHa, rrpa:TeHvtK, xofiro ocr,ilIecrB-flnal ueQopMilJrHrd KoH- TaKTv c [peIcraBr,ITeJrv Ha crpaHara, B Korro e orr4rrr6Jr, cr6yx4al noAo3pe- Hnfl, 14 y cBor4re. Beue santpHaJr ce y AoMa, rofr uoxel 1a 6r4e o6szHeu s npoBexnaHe ua ,,QaluraBo rrpareHr4qecrBo" (rp.: parapresbeia). Tarr,n 6zn cnyqarr c JIrs XupocQaxr, xofiTo no BpeMe Ha Br{3t4rr4Te cr4 B Eargag npes 9051907 r. BJr.rr3r,Jr Br,B Bp:b3xa rd Moxe 6u ce cpequal c vs6qratwtrnpv apa- 6ure Au4ponnx fiyrcaa7. Ilo-rrcHo lft,n XupocQaxr 6un o6nraHeH or Apera Kecapuficxr4, qe e r43BT,prlnn parapresbeia, Karo rrocraBr4Jr Ha n:bpBo Mqcro as - Liutprand. Legatio 4. In: Liudprandi Cremonensis Opera omnia. Cura et studio P Chiesa. fCorpus Christianorum. Continuatio Mediaeualis CLVI]. Turnholt, 1997,188-189, oo flar rau. rrt. 46. c.201. o' Kolias, G. L6on Choerosphactds, magistre, proconsul et Patrice. 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Taxls e np?IMepbr c nbpBrr.u cTparef ua Xepcou. 3a s3 Peri presbeon Romaion pros ethnikous. - In: PG 133, cols.636-631, Bx. ro-creu. co|. 631 C. Cpn. Lee, D., J. Shepard. A Double Life. Placing the Peri Presbeon' - Byzan- tinoslavica, 52, 199I, 15-39. sa loannis Scylitzae Synopsis Historiarum (ed. Thurn), p.277; Leo Diac. IV6 (ed. Bonn.), p. 63. Cpn. llea,[uarcou (nepen. KonrlleHxo), 36-37.3a ep'ssrnre MexAy XepcoH tl pocr4re sx. Franklin, 5., J. Shepard. The Emergence of Rus, 7 50-1200 ' London - New York. 1996.90-93. ss Georgius Cedrenus loannis Scylitzae Compendium historiarum (rec. Bekker). II. Bonn, 1839, p. 355. s6 Lounghis, Z S. Les ambassades byzantines en Occident depuis 1a foundation des 6tats barbares iusqu' aux Croisades (407-1096). 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Tar<:E s 6ul cttyuanT c AeneIaIIvIflTU r43IIpaTeHa oT eMl{pa Ha c14- ptrir,cKara Kperlocr Melr'Ireue Ao BI43aHTI,Iitcxus' rnaBHoKoMaHABatu, AoMec- rr4Kbr Ha cxonr4Te IZoan Kypryac. Cnopel flpoAbnlKr4Te1s. Ha TeoSau cu- pr4i4cKtTe rrpaTeHI,IIIt4 6Ianu npueru or AoMecTvtKa h npenpareHl4 Ha PoMaH IlaKanrau, C KOTOTO cKnIOqVJII4 CbnIa[IeHI4e 3a MI,Ip, cneA KOeTo Ce 3aBbpHa- nr.r B poAr,rHura cvfo. 3a OrgOurenkrs"IA:g1AB4Sa:HTLIA C apA6VTe Tpq6Ba [a Z3TT,KHeM, qe IIo Bpe- Me Ha Bofua crpare3r4Te Ha norpaHrrrrHwre reMH 14 noJIeBI4Te KoMaHnI4pI4 I4Ma- nr4 rrpaBoTo Aa BonqT IIpeIoBopI4 3a npIIMzpI4e nJII4 3a pa3MqHa Ha BoeHHo- rrIreHHlrqu, 6es eceru II:sT IIpeABapVTeJIHO Aa I4M Ce,[aBa CleIII4anHO pa3pelfie- Hr4e or cronr{rlaTa. TLfi raro ro3l4 BI4A npeIOBopI,I 6ulu Or BoeHeH xapaKrep, a vnpuTqx OaKTopbT BpeMe 6ul or 3HaveHI{e, Te ce npoBeXAaJIIz He$opManHo, 6es ocO6eHo c'b6nloAaBaHe Ha AurtnoMamqeQtr4s, nporoKoJl6l . Hanpurr,rep nO Bp eM ero Ha r4MIIep aTp wJa l4pn*a (7 9 7 -8 02), 6l aro gap eH ue Ha y c'I aHoB eHvre clr OT rrO-paHO KOHTaKTI4 C Apa6:a"Ie, 6ttr;tstuxt cTpaTer Ha TeMa Byrelapraz Taqarl ycrfln Aa AoroBopu npI4MI4pI'Ie Mexry Busarrlafl u xuuSara62. Bu:aH.rIIn Kpailraprqr nolyqareJl Ha AoKJIaAIare or IIorpaHI'IqHVTe Bts reMpr r4 Ha BcsKaKbB Apyr BI{n cBeAeHIIfl. 3a qyxAt4 c'IpaH17^ n Hapo1y' 6vn r4MnepaTopT,T. He MOXe CibC CvrypHOCT Aa Ce TBT,pAI4 o6aqe, AanI'I eAI,IHcTBe- Ho cnyx6ara Ha noroTera Ha ApoMa e 6vna HaroBapeHa c oIIeHKara Ha Ta314 r4HOopMaIIus.,lrlrr4l4,{pyrl4 cnyx6l4 ca yqacrBanvlB'Iasu [efiHocT. 'lyr uure- peceH napanen Moxe ,qa ce HanpaBI,I c ABopa Ha Kaponl4Hfplre. B c:snpeUeHHaTa HayKa I4Ma I,I3B9CTSH CKSITI4III{3'bM OTHocHo TOBa, AO- KonKO KapOluHrI,ITe IIITI4 nBK HacJIeAHIIIIVTe IzM OT CaXcOnCXara V Cauw1lq,,e- cKaTa qunacl:zfl ca MoxeJIIl Aa nonyqaBaT TaKT,B TIIII HaBpeMeHHa v o6eKTI4B- Ha r4H+opMa\vfl,,rrpkr ycnoBlre qe rexHl4qr ABop qecTo ce MecTeJI or eAHa pe- 3r,rAeHquq B Apyfa r4ltu or e[Ho envcKolrcKo ceAaJII4uIe B Apyro63. cr'rqecrny- llpodoncrcameta @eofiaua (pel. Jlo6apcrrafi), c. 112. Cpn. xotr'teurapa - naK raM' 60 c. 318, 6en. No 34: cnopeg O. ,{ronrep rosa ct6uT'1e ce AarI'Ipa n 921128 r., a cnopeA A' A. Bacflriles-n931r. ur nperoBopr4, Bo[eHu c apa6ute oT MecTHr,r crpare3t,t u Hsroryo flpuMepa :a nogo6Hu rr.bnKoBo[rlr{, ca npI4BeAeH]4 y: Koutralcou, N. Diplomacy and Espionage, 135-136, notes 4244. ('2 Theophanis Chronographia (ed. de Boor), II' Leipztg, 1885, p. 706. preyer, H. C. Das Reisekonigtum des Mittelalters. - Vierteljahrschrift fiit Sozial- ,,3 und witschaftsgeschichte, 51,1964, 1-4. Cpn. 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B ABopa na Jko4onzx Eraro.recrzsv 68 Leonis III Papae Epist. VIII (ed. K. 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KaMIIaHAflTa or 960 r. o6aqe ce oKa3ana ycilellHa, I4 ro He caMo 3apaAl4 yMeHLI-flTa Ha rlIaBHoKoMaHABaIrII4l Hrarz$op (loxa, a v 3apa1v roBa, qe - cnopeA TeoQanonnn llpopnNr4Terr - o6caSe]Fluxt eMVp Ha Kpur ue nonyrIl4n roMour or qyx6l4Ha. Etruprr Kypyna, KaKTO fo Hapr4qa aHoHr4MHWIr E.]1^ZaLfi]1^iacKId xpoHl{cr' He ilOIytII4n rOpa6u z nofiuuqu OT ApyII4 MIOSIOJIMaHSKI4 BnaAeTenI4 nO cneA- HaTa lpr4tluHa. /4OKaTO uaSaurufiqnTe O6CaXAaJII{ IJIaBHaTa KpenoCT Ha OcT- poBa - Qurera, eMr,rpr,r Ha Kpur ycnfln Aa cbo61qu 3a cnr{Ballloro ce Ha cr,- t' Vita Hludowici imperatoris (ed. Pertz) - In: MGH SS II, p, 629.18-25. B:x.. u Simeonova,I. The Short Fuse: Examples of Diplomatic Abuse in Byzantine and Bulgarian History. - Byzantinische Forschungen,23, 1996, 55-14, ro-cneq. c. 58. Cpn. Auze,toe, 17. Cpeguoeeronnara 6'urapcKa AI4rnoMaI{Iln' 121-122' 72 3a UapyBaHero sa PouaH ll nx.: Theoph. Cont (ed. Bonn.), 469481. Cpn. npeso- ga Ha M. -f. 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TOBa e CIIOMeHaTaTa Beqe I4CTo- pvs. sA CT,DreABarIIaTe, KOI{TO Tpfl6BaJIO nA cTlvpAT CBeAeHI4q B TUIIa Ha Bpa- fa rrpt4 [OIIoToBKara 3a Boirna. 14 taxa, cneA AByKpaTHa pa3Mnna Ha npare- Hr4rlr,r MexAy HaMl4palqvfl. ce B Ermapux Cserocrlas ui4satt I{nuncxufi cra- HrUrO .rrgHo,r{e KI49BCKI4-flT KHq3 ;glflMlA nA npIIeMe npeAnaraHllTe OT BI43aHTVfi- rlr.rTe ycnoBvfl vI nA HanycHe crpaHaTa Ao6poBonHo, Pa3MqHara Ha IIpaTeHI'I- rlu e oTpa3eHa rlo pa3nl4qeH HaqIzH or JIIB [-aron, or eAHa crpaHa' I4 ,,llo- BECT 3A I'IJMT4HATT4'TE IOAI,IHI4.. _ OT APYTA. Cneg XarO O1I4TLITS HA Bu3a]gl'Il4itCqara AI4nnOMaIII4s Aa HaKapa CBeTO- cnaB Aa ce BbpHe y Aorua ce [poBaJrI4Iwt,IJvM'r4cxnfi gano.rsal Aa ce roTBI4 3a BofiHa. B xola Ha npuloroBrre]giv]ffIA rofi 3aIIoB.gAan \a ae lI3npaIIIaT IIo 614- Barlr.rTe Ha HenpplqTeJlfl I4 IIO 3aeTI4Te OT CBeTOCnaB O6naCTI'I XOpa, npeo6ne- rreHr{ B cKrrTcKI4 npexl4 I4 BnaAeeIqLI ABaTa e3I4Ka, 3a Aa y3HaBaT HaMepeHvqTa Ha Bpara v ;iatu cr,o6rlaBar Ha r'IMneparopaTs. JIr,B [qKOn He yroqHqBa KaK- Ba HOCI4q I4Ma IIpeABI4n nOA IzpqA3A,,CKI4TCKLI ApeXI4", HHTO IlbK 3a KOI4 nBa e3rrKa cTaBa AyMa. Moxe Aa ce npeAnonoxu o6aqe, qe Bv3aHTl4ficxure runu- oHr.r Ca 6nnu npeO6JIeqeHI,I IO-CKOpO KaTO 6ibnrapl4, oTKOJIKoTO KaTO pyoHa- \u v ca roBopenpl 6lmapcru 14 rp6IIKt4. Tpx6na Aa or6enexl4M, qe Bla3aHrvficKr4Te "rpaK'rarv rlo BoeHHo Aeno or- AensT crreqrraJlHo M{CTO Ha IIIII4OHHT? il Ha TflxHaTa ponfl no BpeMe Ha BOfiHa. B twta Ha Bpala ,,crIeqlIaIIHIITe aIeHTI{" cllvpanr v npenaBanv 17'H- Soprraqur sa 6pofl., pa3nonoxeHl4ero I{ nprrABI,DKBaHero Ha BpaxecKma ap- vrns.76 Vlrvr rTEK AeficTBzUIlI KaTo 6ofiHla rpyIII4 - eAI4H BI,IA KoMaHAocII, KolITo, npeo6nerreHr,I KaTO ceIIflHvt, :uAr^AqAlrr4 Bpara OT 3ACA1AI . BusauruiIcKl4qT t CTpaTef Ker<asl\aeH I{3TbKBa, qe ilIaBHOKOMaHABailII4flT, AOBSJI BOfrCKa1a CV Br,B BpaxecKa crpaHa, "rpfllBa [a pa3rlparl4 c:brneABaql4 (rp.: kataskopoi, chonsarioi)" - r'IrLr eAI4H no e1i.4:a, r4lrv Ha rpynl4 (r.Hap' HaperIeHI4 sy- nodikoiTe), 3a \a cr'6trpar cBeAeHI4-fl 3a Bpara. H-aua na ce cnupaM iloApo6Ho 1s Jleefluarcou.Vlcropua, VL 11 (nepen. KolsrneHxo), c.58. 76 Dagron, G., H. Mihaescu. Le trait| sur la guerilla de 1'empereur Nic6phore Phocas. I-II, VII, XXI, Paris, 1986,3641,50, 118 sqq. " llayrav, XVIII, 102-107. CpY. Dagron, G. Guerilla, places fortes, villages ouverts ir la frontidre orientale deByzance vers 950 AD. - In: Castrum 3. Fofiification et habitat dans le monde m6diterran6en au Moyen Age fColloque organis6 par la Casa de Velagquez et l'Ecole frangaise de Romel. Madrid, 24-27 , 11 '1985, 4348, nN. oco6. c. 47. 18 WassiliewslE, 8,, V Jernstedf. Cecaumeni Strategicon et incerti scriptoris de officiis regiis libellus. 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A goraro qaKarrrzr, 3a Aa He r43naAHe eKunax:br ua ropa6ure n 6esgelue h ce pasxafi-Ia ru, [unlneparoprr] 3arroBrAan rott Ia 6t1e :aer c r43rpaxAaHero Ha xpaMa va tr4ucyc Xpzcroc, apxaHrenr.rre z llpopor VInun, rofiro roraBa ce crpofln B r4MneparopcKr,rfl ABopeq, a Koraro or clrpufrcxr4Te BiraAeHt4fl. ce rroKaxe Snor - Aa rpr,rHe c ropa6ure ua nofiHa. llpucrurualvrr or Cuput cbrneA- Bar{ Bznrn MHoxecrBo r<opa6u rr eKrzrrupaHa 3a noxo,q noficxa, pa3y3Han BcI4qKo, npofrrrJl ro 14 ro cro6uzr Ha oHe3I4, Korrro ro 6vllt vI3flparv:Iryt, a Te, KaTO qynl4, IpOTT4BHO Ha OlIaKBaHI{flTA Ct4, 3A IOTOBHOCTTa Ha I4MnepaTO- pL ce r43rrarllzfifir, c'buraer4rrkr ce Ha Mup u usry6ulu xeJraHlre na lrl3npr3ar B Mopero. Kopa6Hzre eKr.rrraxv nbK ocTaHanlr B cronvqara na ce 3aHrrMaBar c ropecnoMeHaroro,qeJlo "84. Bugasrtts nonfraBana raHQopuaqlrfl 3a rorBeHr4 cpeqy He.fl BpaxecKr4 geficrnu-a v or cr,ceAHv HapoAlr, Koraro o6qzxr r4HTepec AI4KTyBan roBa. Halpurr,rep, Koraro B 941 r. KIu: Irlrop ce ornpaBr4n cpeuy v}/llJlep]1rflTa, 6rn- fapr4re nparranr.r Becr Ha r4Mneparopa, qe pycHarlr4re ca rpibrHzuru c 10 000 xopa6a xr,u KoncraH:rzHorloJt8s. B ,,Ionecr 3a v3MIdHalrure fo4I,IHn" 6ponr ua ropa6ure rr3lrexna cr{JrHo npeyBenuqeu. JluyrnpaHg Bepo-flTHo e no-6lz- 30 Io I4crlrHara, Karo Ka3Ba, rre pycKl4gr ,,KpaJI Ha I4Me IzIHrep" ce flBl4n npeA KoncranruHorroJr c nal 1000 xopa6a86. He ce 3Hae l\anr4 6urapure ca cr,o6- xrr4nrr ra3r4 clrJrHo rrpeyBenruena qu$pa Ha Br43aHTrrit4ure, vrv'rfl e nnoA Ha n:so6paNeururero Ha rro-KT,cHr{r pycKrz xpoHr4cr. Tarca unv ltHaLre, cneA x(ec- roKoro nopaxeHr,re, xbero HeroBzqr c$lor noHecu n Boc$opa npe3 94I r., xu-as llrop pemun [a cu orMibcrz, 3arosa s 944 r. rofi opraHr43r.rpan Bropt4 noxoA cpeuy fbprlr.{re c ropa6u u reqeHexKa KoHHr4rIa. Tosu ntr Becr Ao Polrlau Jlaxanun Lr3ilparlrnr4 xrrreJrzre H r.n3aHTkrficr<ara KoroHr4-fl Xepcou: ,,Llysar pycHarlr{Te c 6es6pofi xopa6u, noKpr4nr4 ca Mopero c xopa6vre cu". Cnopeg cr,ulr4-rr rr3TorrHrrK lr 6urapure fiparvnv Becr Ha r4MrrepaTopa: ,,I4a- Bar pycHarlr4Te 14 ca Haerrkr rrerreHerrrre ".Karo qyJr roBa, PouaH I upegnpzel r.r3npeBapBarrl xoA, rr3npalqafirlr npu Zrop npareHrzrlt4 Aa My npeAnoxar Br4- cox rpu6yr. B crruoro BpeMe Apyro nugaHruficro npareHuqecrBo orr..rilrno 8l HagnaHzqra na ropa6ttre y nnsaHruiicrl,ITe aBTopr4 qecro rbrl4 ca 3auMcrBaHu or aH- rl{quara nl4reparypa 14 He orroBapqr ua 4eiicrwrreJrHocrra. Bx.: Eickhoff) E. Seekrieg und Seepolitik zwischen Islam und Abendland. Berlin, 1966, p. 135 sqq. sa Theoph. Cont. Chton. V 68 (ed. Bonn.), 308-309. Cpn. ITpodonr4came.tb Qeofiaua (peq. Jlrc6apcxuil), c. 129. 85 llosecrr BpeMeHHLrx ner (peg. Jft4xaqes - Aqpuauona-Ilepeq), I, c.33. 8(' Liudprand. Antapod. V 15 (ed. 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Maxap TOBa Aa rle U CT'C9A- He e LI3plIqHO yIIOMeHaTO OT gI,IgaHrUfiCfLITe aBTOpI4, lI3IlIeXAa, Hr4Te npaBI,ITeJICTBa nOAAbpXaJIv TAirlalrzr Bpb3KI,I, aKO He C XOpa OT I4Mnepa- TopcKlnr ABop, TO noHe c BI43aHTI,IficKI4 MecTHrr yqpaBl{Tenl4 I{ tIoJIeBI4 KoMaH[r4pr,r. Koraro HqKofi or re3l4 K6MaHAI,IpI4 OIJIaBfln Mere)K cpeqy UeHr- panHaTa BJIacT B KoHcTaHTI,IHorIoJI, Tofi o6uKHoBeHo llon)rqaBan noAKpeIIa oT cBorrTe ,,Trpr4fl"te1vf' Ot npOruuHI4KOBaTa CTpaHa. Hanpultep, KOTaTO u36yx- BZIJII,I MCTEXI'I B I43TOqHI4TE NPOBI4HIII{I4 HA ilMIJEP]?Ifl"I\ APAOI/TE HC 3AK|bCH'I- Bz;lrv AA OKaXaT gOMOIII Ha MeTeXHI4Ka. TaKbB 6Un Cttyt'anT CT,C CTpaTeIa Ha reMa AHarorrI4KoH IItn, 6tgeqvsl r4Mnepa"Iop JIibB llI (717-741), rofiro ce BAr,rrHarrc BoficKr4re cvHa 6yur cpeqy TeoAocufi III (715-717). Apa6nre oKa3anr{ IIOMoIII I,I Ha ToMa Ct:mlss:nun4 Koraro Tofi ce pa36yHryBan cpeqy JIrs V (813-820) LI HacneAHIlKa My Muxazl IIer. 3acryxasa cv \a ce cnpeM MirnKo rro-noApo6Ho Ha I4cTOpI4sTa C JI:6B, Kofiro 6rart nasuaqeH 3a crparel Ha reMa AHaroluroH OT I{Mneparop AHacTa- cr4i4IL Cnope4 xpoHl4cra TeoQaH npe3IIflnoTo BpeMe Ha 6op6ara cI4 cpeqy cneABailVls r4Mlleparop TeoAocIafi III JIrs rafiHo IIoAA'bp)KiIII Bpb3KI4 c apa- 5zre. Oco6eHo TecHu 6ulu nprsxr,rre My c MacnaMa, 6par Ha xanfioa clo- nefiMaH OT trr,IHaCTI,Ifl"IAHA OUaxnZre, KOfiTO CMfl"IAl', qe eAI4H AeH B nilIIeTO Ha JIr,B rqe Lllda cBot MapyoHerKa Ha Bla3aHrl,Iittcxus. lpecron. B clqoro npe- Me, 6naroAapeH[e Ha Bp.b3Krrre CVr C xgrurqaTa, JItn ycnal Aa 3aAbpxc4 Auopuon non Bl43aHrprfrcqaBIlacr I,I, IIoHe AO apa6cKaTa o(pa1a Ha KoHcraH- TTTHOnOJI B 717 I., Aa He AOnyCKa HIKOITI nACTla OT I43TOuHI4Te IpOBI4HIII{u Ha Buzarrcv,s, Ia crpapLar rlpeKaneHo MHoro or apa6cKl'I'te :aarra1eHr4flez. Tnrpqe MaJIKo Ce 3Hae I{ 3a roBa, c KaKBI,I cpeAcTBa aIeHTI4re npeAaBa- nn c,b6paHaTa oT T-flx I4HabopMaql4.fl, I4sneCrHo e, qe krBu3A'nTvirrryr, v apaflr ca T.T3IIOJI3BaJII{ cBeTJII{HHz414 nyIrrerlHt4 cvTrHAJfir 3a npeAaBaHeTO Ha I4Htbop- Ma\vfl, orHocHo noAIoToBKaTa Ha BpaxecKl4-fl SnoT. flpyr ruo6oI]ITeH HaqIaH 3a rafiHo npe,[aBaHe Ha I4HQopMa\trs' e orncaH or flpoAbnxl4Ter.fl Ha Teorpau. Crasa A1rtr,ta 3a pa3y3HaBarenHtl cBeAeHlrfl, oTnacfliql4 ce 3a 3aroBo- pa u nocnenBytr1fl. Merex B 913 r. Ha AoMecrvKa Ha cxoJlldre KoncranrraH uasvsarfruf4cxrur rrMfieparop n ET nrapzn rrpes BTopara rIoJIoBuHa na VIII s. - B'bs: fllucra - Magapa - flpeclan, Ns 8, 23 rr.rapr 1981 . e1 Theoph. Cont. Chron. II.10 (ed. Bonn), p. 54' Cpe. flpodonucame'ta <Deofiaua (peg. Jlro6apcrrEft), c. 26. Cpn. Kopstein, l/. L'usurpateur byzantin Thomas et les Arabes. - Graeco-Arabica, IV 1991, 127-140. e2 Theophanis Chronographia (ed. de Boor), 593-599' Cpn. 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