(PDF) जन जागरण में शिक्षा की भूमिका: अवसर, चुनौतियाँ और समाधान

International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR) E-ISSN: 2582-2160 ● Website: www.ijfmr.com ● Email:

tu tkxj.k esa f'k{kk dh Hkwfedk % volj] pqukSfr;k¡ vkSj lekèkku MkW- jke çdk'k çtkifr1] dey dqekj2 1 izkpk;Z] dY;k.ka djksfr] eFkqjk vfl- çksQl s j] Jo.k ckfèkrkFkZ foHkkx] MkW-'kdqUryk feJk jk"Vªh; iquokZl fo”ofo|ky;] y[kuÅ 2 Lkjka”k % f'k{kk dsoy O;fDr ds ekufld vkSj vkè;kfRed fodkl dh uhao gh ugha] cfYd lekt esa ldkjkRed ifjorZu vkSj tutkxj.k dk l'kDr lkèku Hkh gSA ,d tkx:d vkSj ftEesnkj lekt dk fuekZ.k rHkh laHko gS] tc ukxfjd lkekftd] jktuhfrd] vkfFkZd vkSj lkaL—frd fo"k;ksa dh xgjh le> j[krs gksa vkSj mu ij fopkj dj mfpr çfrfØ;k nsus esa l{ke gksa vkSj ;g {kerk f'k{kk ds ekè;e ls gh fodflr gksrh gSA f'k{kk O;fDr dks mlds vfèkdkjksa vkSj drZO;ksa] LokLF; ,oa LoPNrk ds egRo] i;kZoj.k laj{k.k] ySafxd lekurk vkSj yksdrkaf=d ewY;ksa ds çfr laons u'khy cukrh gSA fo'ks"kdj xzkeh.k] oafpr] fiNM+s vkSj vuqlwfpr oxksZa ds fy, ;g l'kfädj.k dk çeq[k ekxZ curh gSA tu&tkx:drk ykus gsrq Ldwy] vkaxuokM+h dsæa ] o;Ld f'k{kk dsæa vkSj fMftVy IysVQ+‚eZ tSls ekè;eksa ls vfHk;ku pyk, tk ldrs gSaA blds lkFk gh] ehfM;k] Lo;alsoh laLFkk,a vkSj xSj&ljdkjh laxBu (NGO) Hkh bl çfØ;k dks vkSj vfèkd çHkkoh cukus esa ;ksxnku ns ldrs gSaA gkyk¡fd bl fn'kk esa vusd ckèkk,¡ lkeus vkrh gSa] tSls& O;kid vf'k{kk] f'k{kk dh ?kVrh xq.koÙkk] lkekftd dqjhfr;k¡] fMftVy foHkktu vkSj ç'kklfud Lrj ij vi;kZIr leFkZuA bu leL;kvksa dk lekèkku lekos'kh uhfr;ksa ds çHkkoh fØ;kUo;u] LFkkuh; Hkk"kkvksa esa 'kS{kf.kd lkexzh dh miyCèkrk] çf'kf{kr f'k{kdksa dh fu;qfDr rFkk lwpuk ,oa lapkj rduhd ds lqO;ofLFkr mi;ksx ls fd;k tk ldrk gSA bl lanHkZ esa f'k{kk dh Hkwfedk dk fo'ys"k.k tu&tkx:drk ds rhu vk;keksa & volj] pqukSfr;k¡ vkSj lekèkku ds –f"Vdks.k ls fd;k x;k gSA ;g Li"V djrk gS fd f'k{kk u dsoy lkekftd ,drk vkSj lgHkkfxrk dks lq –<+ djrh gS] cfYd lekos'kh fodkl dh vkèkkjf'kyk Hkh gSA eq[; 'kCn % f'k{kk] tu&tkx:drk] lkekftd ifjorZu] pqukSfr;k¡] lekos'kh fodkl vkfnA i`"BHkwfe % f'k{kk fdlh Hkh lekt dh çxfr dk ewy vkèkkj gksrh gSA ;g dsoy KkuktZu dk lkèku ugha] cfYd O;fDr esa fo'ys"k.kkRed lksp] le>] rdZ djus vkSj fu.kZ; ysus dh {kerk dks Hkh fodflr djrh gSA tc f'k{kk dks tu&tkx:drk ls tksM+k tkrk gS] rks ;g lkekftd ifjorZu dk ,d çHkko'kkyh ekè;e cu tkrh gSA tu tkxj.k dk vk'k; gS& lkekU; ukxfjdksa dks lkekftd] jktuhfrd] vkfFkZd rFkk lkaL—frd fo"k;ksa ds çfr laosnu'khy cukuk vkSj mUgsa bu {ks=ksa esa lfØ; Hkkxhnkjh ds fy, çsfjr djukA Hkkjrh; yksdra= dh lQyrk esa f'k{kk dk ;ksxnku dsoy lk{kjrk nj c<+kus rd gh ugha] cfYd tkx:d ukxfjd rS;kj djus] yksdrkaf=d laLFkkvksa dks etcwr cukus vkSj laoSèkkfud ewY;ksa dks LFkkfir djus rd foLr`r gSA jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr 2020 bl fopkj dks vkSj vfèkd Li"V djrh gS fd f'k{kk dks lkekftd U;k;] lekurk vkSj ukxfjd nkf;Roksa ls tksM+uk le; dh vko';drk gSA uhfr vk;ksx ¼2020½ ds vuqlkj] ,d f'kf{kr ukxfjd u dsoy vius IJFMR250454137 Volume 7, Issue 4, July-August 2025 1 International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR) E-ISSN: 2582-2160 ● Website: www.ijfmr.com ● Email:

vfèkdkjksa vkSj drZO;ksa ds çfr tkx:d gksrk gS] cfYd og LokLF;] LoPNrk] i;kZoj.k laj{k.k] ySafxd lekurk vkSj yksdrkaf=d fl)karksa ds egRo dks Hkh xgjkbZ ls le>rk gS rFkk buds laoèkZu esa lfØ; Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gSA bl ifjçs{; esa ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd f'k{kk u dsoy O;fDr ds O;fDrxr fodkl dk ekè;e gS] cfYd ;g lkekftd psruk vkSj tu tkx:drk dh Hkh ewy 'kfDr gSA xzkeh.k vkSj oafpr leqnk;ksa esa f'k{kk dk foLrkj tu&tkx:drk dks l'kDr cukus esa ,d egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gSA mnkgj.kLo:i] LoPN Hkkjr vfHk;ku] csVh cpkvks&csVh i<+kvks] vkSj fMftVy bafM;k tSlh ljdkjh igysa rHkh çHkkoh gqbZa tc yksxksa dks buds mn~ns';ksa dh le> vkSj Hkkxhnkjh dk volj çkIr gqvk& vkSj ;g laHko gqvk f'k{kk ds ekè;e lsA ,d f'kf{kr ukxfjd bu ;kstukvksa dks dsoy Lohdkj ugha djrk] cfYd og muesa lfØ; :i ls Hkkx ysrk gS] ç'u djrk gS vkSj vius vfèkdkjksa dk mi;ksx djrk gSA Hkkjr esa f'k{kk O;oLFkk ds lkeus vkt Hkh dbZ çdkj dh dfBukb;k¡ gSa] tSls—lHkh oxksZa dks leku volj u feyuk] ckfydkvksa dh f'k{kk esa lkekftd #dkoVs]a lk{kjrk nj dk de gksuk] çf'kf{kr f'k{kdksa dh deh vkSj tkx:drk dk;ZØeksa dh lhfer igq¡p ¼;wusLdks] 2021½A bu pqukSfr;ksa ls fuiVus ds fy, t:jh gS fd uhfr;ksa esa lekosf'krk ykbZ tk,] vkèkqfud rduhd dk vfèkd mi;ksx fd;k tk, vkSj LFkkuh; leqnk;ksa dh lfØ; Hkkxhnkjh dks c<+kok fn;k tk,A f'k{kk euq"; dks Lokoyach cukus ds lkFk&lkFk mlesa lkekftd cksèk] uSfrd vkn'kZ vkSj nkf;Ro dh Hkkouk Hkh fodflr djrh gSA ,d i<+k&fy[kk O;fä u dsoy vius vfèkdkjksa ls ifjfpr gksrk gS] cfYd vU;k; vkSj Hkz"Vkpkj ds f[kykQ vkokt+ mBkus dk lkgl Hkh j[krk gS rFkk lekt dks csgrj cukus esa lfØ; ;ksxnku nsrk gSA blhfy, f'k{kk dks lkewfgd psruk dk çeq[k lzkrs ekuk tkrk gSA fuLlansg] f'k{kk vkSj tu&tkx:drk ,d&nwljs dks iq"V djrs gSaA ,d foosd'khy] yksdrkaf=d vkSj çxfr'khy lekt dh jpuk ds fy, bu nksuksa dk lkeatL;iw.kZ lgvfLrRo vfuok;Z gSA f'k{kk vkSj tu tkxj.k % ,d ijLij iwjd lacaèk %& f'k{kk euq’; ds thou dh ewyHkwr uhao gS] tks dsoy Kku vkSj dkS'ky ds gLrkarj.k rd lhfer ugha jgrh] cfYd O;fä dh lksp] vkpj.k] uSfrd –f"Vdks.k vkSj lkekftd mÙkjnkf;Ro dks Hkh vkdkj nsrh gSA bldk y{; O;fDr ds lokZaxh.k fodkl& 'kkjhfjd] ekufld] uSfrd] HkkoukRed vkSj lkekftd çxfr — dks c<+kok nsuk gSA egkRek xkaèkh ds 'kCnksa esa] ÞlPph f'k{kk og gS] tks 'kjhj] eu vkSj vkRek dk larqfyr fodkl djsAß f'k{kk dh çkfIr dsoy vkSipkfjd laLFkkuks]a tSls fo|ky; vkSj fo”ofo|ky;] rd lhfer ugha gksrh( ;g ifjokj] lekt] ehfM;k vkSj thou ds vuqHkoksa tSls vukSipkfjd lzksrksa ls Hkh vftZr gksrh gSA UNESCO (2015) ds vuqlkj] f'k{kk O;fäxr l'kfädj.k dk l'kä lkèku gksus ds lkFk&lkFk lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd çxfr dk Hkh çeq[k vkèkkj gSA f'kf{kr O;fä u dsoy jkst+xkj ds fy, l{ke curk gS] cfYd vius vfèkdkjksa vkSj drZO;ksa ds çfr lpsr jgdj lekt esa jpukRed vkSj ldkjkRed ;ksxnku nsrk gSA f'k{kk vkSj tu tkxj.k dh Hkwfedk %& tu tkxj.k dk rkRi;Z gS& lekt esa O;kid Lrj ij ,slh psruk dk fuekZ.k djuk ftlls O;fDr lkekftd] jktuhfrd] vkfFkZd vkSj lkaL—frd fo"k;ksa ds çfr ltx gks vkSj lfØ; Hkkxhnkjh fuHkk ldsA f'k{kk bl çfØ;k esa ,d ewyHkwr Hkwfedk fuHkkrh gSA ;g mu oxksZa& tSls fd xzkeh.k] fuèkZu] vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr] fiNM+s oxZ vkSj efgyk,a rd igqapus dk ekè;e curh gS tks yacs le; rd eq[;èkkjk ls oafpr jgs gSA tc yksxksa dks ;g le> esa vkrk gS fd f'k{kk muds thou esa LFkk;h lqèkkj dk lkèku gS] rks os u dsoy Lo;a i<+us ds fy, çsfjr gksrs gSa] cfYd vius cPpksa dh f'k{kk ds çfr Hkh tkx:d gksrs gSaA blls cky fookg] cky Je] ngst] fyax Hksn tSlh lkekftd cqjkb;ksa ds f[kykQ tula?k"kZ dh Hkkouk fodflr gksrh gSA IJFMR250454137 Volume 7, Issue 4, July-August 2025 2 International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR) E-ISSN: 2582-2160 ● Website: www.ijfmr.com ● Email:

f'k{kk esa tu tkxj.k ds çeq[k mn~n's ; %& • lk{kjrk nj esa o`f) %& o;Ldksa] efgykvksa vkSj oafpr oxksZa ds chp iBu&ikBu dh {kerk fodflr djukA • cky f'k{kk ij cy %& 6&14 o"kZ ds lHkh cPpksa dks Ldwy ls tksM+uk vkSj mudh mifLFkfr lqfuf'pr djukA • lkekftd dqçFkkvksa ds fo#) tkx:drk %& cky fookg] cky Je] fyax Hksn vkfn ds f[kykQ f'k{kk dks ekè;e cukukA • ckfydkvksa dh f'k{kk dks c<+kok %& *csVh cpkvks] csVh i<+kvks* tSls vfHk;kuksa ds t+fj, yM+fd;ksa dh f'k{kk dks çksRlkgu nsukA • RTE 2009 dh tkudkjh %& 6&14 o"kZ ds ckydksa ds f'k{kk ds vfèkdkj vkSj mldh ljdkjh ftEesnkjh ls yksxksa dks voxr djkukA • NEP 2020 ds çfr tkx:drk %& f'k{kk uhfr;ksa dks rhu ewy LraHkksa & lokZaxh.k lekos'k] jkstxkjijd dkS'ky f'k{kk vkSj çxfr'khy yphys <kaps ij vkèkkfjr gksuk pkfg,A • Mª‚ivkmV nj dks de djuk %& fo|ky; NksM+us dh ço`fÙk dks jksdus gsrq leqnk; esa nh?kZdkfyd f'k{kk ykHk dk lans'k nsukA • lekos'kh f'k{kk dks c<+kok %& fnO;kax] vYila[;d vkSj vkfFkZd :i ls detksj Nk=ksa dks eq[;èkkjk dh f'k{kk ç.kkyh esa leku volj çnku djukA • 'kSf{kd xq.koÙkk vkSj fuxjkuh %& LFkkuh; leqnk; dh lgHkkfxrk ls fo|ky;ksa vkSj f'k{kdksa ds çn'kZu dks ikjn'kÊ o tokcnsg cukukA • çkS<+ f'k{kk ,oa fujarj dkS'ky fodkl %& ;qokvksa vkSj o;Ldksa dks fMftVy lk{kjrk] rduhdh çf'k{k.k rFkk jkstxkjijd {kerk,¡ fodflr djus gsrq l'kä cukukA “kSf{kd tu tkxj.k ds dqN vfHk;ku %& vfHk;ku dk uke mn~ns”; loZ f'k{kk vfHk;ku 6 ls 14 o"kZ ds cPpksa dks eq¶r vkSj vfuok;Z f'k{kk nsukA csVh cpkvks] csVh i<+kvks ckfydkvksa dks f'k{kk ds çfr çsfjr djukA fe'ku çsj.kk ¼mÙkj çns'k½ çkjafHkd f'k{kk esa xq.koÙkk lqèkkjukA jk"Vªh; fMftVy lk{kjrk vfHk;ku fMftVy f'k{kk ds çfr tkx:drk QSykukA lkekftd ifjorZu % Lo:i] dkjd vkSj çHkko %& lkekftd ifjorZu dk rkRi;Z lekt dh ikjaifjd lajpuk] foÜokl ç.kkfy;ksa] ekunaMksa] lkekftd O;ogkjksa vkSj laLFkkxr <k¡ps esa le;kuqlkj gksus okys ifjorZuksa ls gSA ;g ifjorZu lekt ds lHkh vk;keksa & lkaL—frd] èkkfeZd] 'kS{kf.kd] jktuSfrd ,oa vkfFkZd {ks=ksa dks çHkkfor djrk gSA lkekftd ifjorZu dHkh Øfed fodkl dh LokHkkfod çfØ;k ds :i esa ?kfVr gksrk gS rks dHkh lqfopkfjr lkekftd vfHk;kuksa ,oa uhfrxr gLr{ksiksa ds ifj.kkeLo:iA mnkgj.kkFkZ] Hkkjrh; lanHkZ esa vkSifuosf'kd dky esa vkèkqfud f'k{kk ç.kkyh dk ços'k] Lokèkhurk vkanksyu ds ekè;e ls yksdrkaf=d ewY;ksa dk çlkj rFkk f'k{kk ds vfèkdkj vfèkfu;e ¼RTE, 2009½ tSls foèkk;h lqèkkj lkekftd ifjorZu ds ,sfrgkfld ehy ds iRFkj jgs gSaA IJFMR250454137 Volume 7, Issue 4, July-August 2025 3 International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR) E-ISSN: 2582-2160 ● Website: www.ijfmr.com ● Email:

bl ifjorZu çfØ;k esa f'k{kk us ,d çsjd 'kfä ds :i esa dk;Z fd;k gSA ;g O;fä dks rkfdZd fparu] ç'u djus dh {kerk vkSj lkekftd lqèkkj dh fn'kk esa lfØ; ;ksxnku nsus dk lkeF;Z çnku djrh gSA ,d f'kf{kr lekt u dsoy vius laoSèkkfud çkoèkkuksa ds çfr ltx jgrk gS] cfYd cky fookg] tkfrxr iwokZxzg] ySafxd fo"kerk rFkk cky Je tSlh lkekftd fo—fr;ksa ds mUewyu gsrq lkewfgd igy Hkh djrk gSA f'k{kk }kjk çnÙk ;gh tkx:drk ,oa lkekftd nkf;Rocksèk lekt dks U;k;iw.kZ ,oa lerkewyd cukus esa lgk;d fl) gksrk gSA vkèkqfud rduhd] fo'ks"k :i ls fMftVy lk{kjrk] baVjusV] vkSj eksckby lapkj us lwpukvksa dks O;kid :i ls igq¡pkdj lkekftd psruk dks ubZ fn'kk nh gSA blds vfrfjDr] lkekftd lqèkkj vkanksyu] efgyk l'kfDrdj.k] oS”ohdj.k] vkSj tulapkj ekè;eksa dh Hkwfedk us lekt dh ikjaifjd lajpukvksa dks pqukSrh nh gS vkSj u;s fopkjksa dks viukus ds fy, çsfjr fd;k gSA lkekftd ifjorZu gj le; ykHkdkjh ugha gksrkA dbZ ckj ;g ikjaifjd lkaL—frd ewY;ksa ds ºzkl] la;qä ifjokj O;oLFkk ds VwVus vkSj miHkksäkoknh lksp ds c<+rs çHkko ds :i esa çdV gksrk gSA bu udkjkRed çHkkoksa dks fu;af=r djus ds fy, vko';d gS fd ifjorZu dh fn'kk uSfrdrk] lekurk vkSj lekos'ku ds fl)karksa ij vkèkkfjr gksA vkt ds le; esa] tc lekt fujarj ifjorZu ds nkSj ls xqtj jgk gS] rks çR;sd ukxfjd dh ;g ft+Eesnkjh curh gS fd og bl ifjorZu dks ldkjkRed fn'kk esa ys tk, vkSj lekos'kh] U;k;iw.kZ rFkk çxfr'khy lekt ds fuekZ.k esa ;ksxnku nsA f'k{kk }kjk tutkxj.k dh pqukSfr;k¡ %& f'k{kk lekt dh çxfr dh vkèkkjf'kyk gksus ds lkFk&lkFk tutkxj.k dk ,d l'kä ekè;e Hkh gSA Hkkjr tSls cgqlkaL—frd vkSj fofoèkrkvksa ls ifjiw.kZ ns'k esa f'k{kk ds }kjk O;kid tupsruk dk fuekZ.k laHko gS] ysfdu bl çfØ;k ds lkeus vusd tfVy pqukSfr;k¡ ekStnw gSaA tc rd bu ckèkkvksa dks igpkudj muds çHkkoh lekèkku ugha fd, tkrs] rc rd lekos'kh vkSj xq.koÙkkiw.kZ f'k{kk dk mís'; iw.kZ :i ls gkfly ugha fd;k tk ldrkA 1. lkekftd fo"kerk %& Hkkjrh; lekt esa tkfr] oxZ] èkeZ] fyax vkSj HkkSxksfyd {ks=ksa ds vkèkkj ij xgjh vlekurk,¡ O;kIr gSA vuqlwfpr tkfr] tutkfr] fiNM+s oxZ vkSj vYila[;d leqnk;ksa esa f'k{kk dh igq¡p vc Hkh lhfer gSA lkekftd HksnHkko vkSj ijaijkxr :f<+;ksa ds dkj.k bu oxksZa esa f'k{kk dks ysdj visf{kr psruk dk vHkko gS] ftlls tutkxj.k dh çfØ;k ckfèkr gksrh gSA 2. vkfFkZd ckèkk,¡ %& xjhch ,d ,slh lajpukRed leL;k gS] tks f'k{kk dh miyCèkrk vkSj LFkkf;Ro dks çHkkfor djrh gSA dbZ ifjokj vkfFkZd nckoksa ds dkj.k cPpksa dks fo|ky; Hkstus ds ctk; Je esa yxkus dks foo'k gksrs gSaA tc rd f'k{kk dks vkthfodk vkSj vkfFkZd l'kfDrdj.k ls lhèks tksM+k ugha tk,xk] rc rd tutkxj.k çHkkoh ugha gks ik,xkA 3. ySafxd vlekurk %& yM+fd;ksa dh f'k{kk dks ysdj lekt ds dbZ fgLlksa esa vkt Hkh ladh.kZ ekufldrk fo|eku gSA cky fookg] ?kjsyw ftEesnkfj;k¡ vkSj vlqj{kk dh Hkkouk muds f'k{kk ls oafpr jgus ds çeq[k dkj.k gSA ifj.kkeLo:i efgyk lk{kjrk nj esa iq#"kksa dh rqyuk esa Li"V varj ns[kus dks feyrk gSA 4. HkkSxksfyd o ç'kklfud pqukSfr;k¡ %& nwjLFk vkSj vkfnoklh {ks=ksa esa f'k{kk lacaèkh cqfu;knh <k¡ps dh deh tSls fo|ky;ksa dh vuqiyCèkrk] f'k{kdksa dh deh] vkSj vkèkkjHkwr lqfoèkkvksa dk vHkko tutkxj.k dh xfr dks èkhek dj nsrk gSA f'k{kk dk vfèkdkj vfèkfu;e (RTE, 2009) ds gksrs gq, Hkh bldk çHkkoh fØ;kUo;u pqukSrh cuk gqvk gSA 5. f'k{kk dh xq.koÙkk ,oa Hkk"kk;h vlarqyu %& f'k{kk dk mn~ns”; dsoy ukekadu esa o`f) djuk ugha] cfYd çR;sd fo|kFkÊ ds fy, xq.koÙkkiw.kZ vkSj vFkZiw.kZ vfèkxe lqfuf'pr djuk gSA ;fn f'k{k.k dh Hkk"kk] lkexzh vkSj IJFMR250454137 Volume 7, Issue 4, July-August 2025 4 International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR) E-ISSN: 2582-2160 ● Website: www.ijfmr.com 6. ● Email:

i)fr;k¡ fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh ekr`Hkk"kk vkSj lkaL—frd ifjos'k ls esy ugha [kkrha] rks mudh lh[kus dh {kerk vkSj #fp nksuksa çHkkfor gks ldrh gSA fMftVy foHkktu (Digital Divide) %& orZeku le; esa rduhdh lkèku tutkxj.k dk ,d çHkkoh ekè;e cu pqds gSaA ysfdu xzkeh.k o nwjLFk bykdksa esa fMftVy midj.kksa] baVjusV vkSj lwpuk&lapkj rduhd dh lhfer miyCèkrk ds dkj.k ubZ 'kSf{kd uhfr;ksa vkSj igyksa dh tkudkjh vke turk rd iwjh rjg ugha igq¡p ikrhA lekos'kh fodkl vkSj f'k{kk dh Hkwfedk %& lekos'kh fodkl og çfØ;k gS ftlesa lekt ds lHkh oxksZa& fo'ks"kdj oafpr] fuèkZu] efgyk,¡] fnO;kaxtu] vuqlwfpr tkfr&tutkfr] vkSj xzkeh.k leqnk; dks leku volj] lalkèku vkSj fodkl ds ykHk çnku fd, tkrs gSA bldk mn~ns'; dsoy vkfFkZd fodkl ugha] cfYd lkekftd U;k;] lekurk vkSj lgHkkfxrk lqfuf'pr djuk gSA f'k{kk] LokLF;] jkstxkj] rduhd vkSj lkekftd lqj{kk dh leqfpr miyCèkrk bl voèkkj.kk ds ewy LraHk gSA Hkkjr esa bl fn'kk esa vusd ç;kl gq, gSa] tSls& • jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr 2020 dk mís'; lekos'kh vkSj cgqHkk"kh f'k{kk dks çksRlkfgr dj lHkh oxksZa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa rd xq.koÙkkiw.kZ f'k{kk igq¡pkuk gSA • eujsxk& xzkeh.k jkstxkj dh xkjaVhA • çèkkuea=h tuèku ;kstuk& foÙkh; lekos'kuA • fnO;kaxtu vfèkdkj vfèkfu;e 2016& f'k{kk ,oa voljksa esa lekurk lqfuf'pr djus gsrqA lkFk gh] la;qDr jk"Vª] ;wuhlsQ vkfn varjjk"Vªh; laLFkk,¡ Hkh "Leave No One Behind" dh uhfr ds varxZr lekos'kh fodkl dh voèkkj.kk dks l'kDr cuk jgh gSA fu"d"kZ %& tu tkxj.k dk mn~ns'; gS tuekul dks muds vfèkdkjks]a drZO;ksa vkSj lkekftd mÙkjnkf;Roksa ds çfr tkx:d cukukA f'k{kk bl çfØ;k dh vkèkkjf'kyk gS] tks u dsoy KkuktZu djkrh gS] cfYd lkekftd cqjkb;ksa tSls cky fookg] ngst çFkk] tkrh; vlekurk vkSj ySafxd HksnHkko ds fo#) la?k"kZ djus gsrq çsfjr djrh gSA bl çfØ;k esa vusd ckèkk,¡ fo|eku gSa lkekftd] vkfFkZd] rduhdh vkSj ç'kklfudA fo'ks"k :i ls oafpr ,oa xzkeh.k leqnk;ksa ds chp fMftVy lalkèkuksa dh deh vkSj lkaL—frd vojksèk tutkxj.k ds çHkko dks lhfer djrs gSaA bu pqukSfr;ksa ds lekèkku gsrq ,d cgqvk;keh j.kuhfr vko';d gS ftlesa ljdkj] lekt] ehfM;k] f'k{kd] Lo;alos h laxBu rFkk rduhd lHkh dh lgHkkfxrk gksA ;fn fo|k dks U;k;] lekurk vkSj lekos'ku ds lkFk tutkxj.k ls tksM+k tk,] rks ;g lekt ds gj oxZ dks l'kDr cukdj ,d çxfr'khy] yksdrkaf=d vkSj laons u'khy jk"Vª ds fuekZ.k dh fn'kk esa fu.kkZ;d Hkwfedk fuHkk ldrh gSA lanHkZ %& 1. Hkkjr ljdkj] f'k{kk ea=ky;] ¼2020½- jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr 2020 https://www.education.gov.in ls çkIrA 2. ;wusLdks] ¼2021½- lr~r fodkl y{;ksa ds fy, f'k{kk% vfèkxe mn~ns';ksaA la;qDr jk"Vª 'kSf{kd] oSKkfud vkSj lkaL—frd laxBuA IJFMR250454137 Volume 7, Issue 4, July-August 2025 5 International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR) E-ISSN: 2582-2160 ● Website: www.ijfmr.com ● Email:

3. Mªt s +] ts-] ,oa lsu] v- ¼2013½A ,d vfuf'pr xkSjo% Hkkjr vkSj mlds fojksèkkHkklA fçaLVu ;wfuoflZVh çslA 4. 'kekZ] vkj- ¼2018½- *lkekftd tkx:drk mRiUu djus esa f'k{kk dh Hkwfedk*] baVjus'kuy tuZy v‚Q ,tqds'ku 5. 6. 7. 8. ,aM fjlpZ] [kaM 6¼4½A fryd] ts- ch- th- ¼2002½- *f'k{kk vkSj xjhch*] ekuo fodkl if=dk] 3¼2½] 191&207A ;wusLdks] ¼2015½- f'k{kk 2030% bafp;ksu ?kks"k.kk vkSj dk;Z :ijs[kkA xkaèkh] ,e- ds- ¼1937½- cqfu;knh f'k{kkA uothou çdk'ku x`gA Hkkjr ljdkj] f'k{kk ea=ky;] ¼2009½- cPpksa dks fu:'kqYd vkSj vfuok;Z f'k{kk dk vfèkdkj vfèkfu;e] 2009 ¼vkjVhbZ vfèkfu;e½A https://mhrd.gov.in/rte 9. Hkkjr ljdkj] f'k{kk ea=ky;] loZ f'k{kk vfHk;kuA https://ssa.nic.in 10. Hkkjr ljdkj] f'k{kk ea=ky;- ¼2020½- jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr 2020A https://www.education.gov.in 11. ;wfulsQ bafM;k- f'k{kkA https://www.unicef.org/india/what-we-do/education 12. jko] lh- ,u- 'kadj ¼2006½A lekt'kkL=% lkekftd fopkjksa dk ifjp; lfgr lekt'kkL= ds fl)karA ,l- pan ifCyds'kuA 13. nslkbZ] ,- vkj- ¼2010½- Hkkjrh; jk"Vªokn dh lkekftd i`"BHkwfeA i‚iqyj çdk'kuA 14. Hkkjr ljdkj] f'k{kk ea=ky;] ¼2020½- jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr 2020A 15. ;wfulsQ bafM;kA f'k{kk vkSj lkekftd ifjorZuA https://www.unicef.org/india 16. Hkkjr ljdkj] ¼2009½- cPpksa dks fu%'kqYd vkSj vfuok;Z f'k{kk dk vfèkdkj vfèkfu;e] 2009A f'k{kk ea=ky;A https://www.education.gov.in/rte 17. jk"Vªh; 'kSf{kd vuqlaèkku vkSj çf'k{k.k ifj"kn ¼,ulhbZvkjVh½A ¼2020½] Hkkjr esa Ldwyh f'k{kk% ;w&MhvkbZ,lbZ$ https://udiseplus.gov.in 18. Hkkjr ljdkj] f'k{kk ea=ky;A ¼2020½A jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr 2020A 19. ;wfulsQ bafM;kA f'k{kk% vfèkxe ds ekè;e ls cPpksa dks l'kDr cukukA 20. Mªt s +] ts-] ,oa lsu] v- ¼2013½A ,d vfuf'pr xkSjo% Hkkjr vkSj mlds fojksèkkHkklA fçaLVu ;wfuoflZVh çslA 21. f'k{kk ea=ky;] ¼2020½- jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr 2020A 22. ;kstuk vk;ksx] ¼2007½- lekos'kh fodkl& X;kjgoha iapo"kÊ; ;kstukA 23. la;qä jk"Vª fodkl dk;ZØe] ¼2016½- ekuo fodkl fjiksVZ: lHkh ds fy, ekuo fodklA 24. ;wfulsQ bafM;kA ¼fcuk frfFk½A lkekftd lekos'kuA https://www.unicef.org/india/what-we- do/social-policy IJFMR250454137 Volume 7, Issue 4, July-August 2025 6