(PDF) 權威、言行與仁

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J 3E^C ( H27-1529 ; WSJ) g^H^aES (1483-1551) MTHSJI ° BSSW^S ' RT HX&mmM* (1978) <M/£&#M^PP»^> • ?l^wk^»i ' (1997) <?l^fg : t-CWfi^(DM) • * «>^»j ( (mom ) &j%m ■ »m rs^s/NA • A-trA ' WriT » m^mm ' j ( <ftti*l> ) ; »W » r?E mzm; ^-^m - m^mmm»ipp* iiim^^mwis - mum *1S ' (fii§» «LP»3§fft2I}j»tb^#^Mf@f@A^P^«]A^SiJ; ' £AB£PbTO£Sj£^ . -f@A^^^-f@A^iI^«t#^fm > mmmmffi • • m?&rmn ° «mb = r*#i^mit ? j ^i&b = ri=S?L£ • j B : • JLfrffS ? j B : rM ° j B : rftW^ • j TO^if • 3£ }1B : r^JSH? j B : r£S#£l ° j B : rS# • ?L££« ? j fifB = r^ • j B : 46 (Mtmmmm h+a$ (8,2008) Agnes Heller ft^^ft^ftfrSW ' teftllJiE&S&ttl&ja&g* ' Aff»M$!it (honest persons/decent persons) > il^f+Jf Rlfg ? j <fttl§> SffJUIW (1988: 13-30; 1990: 176) ° f^H^flMmW Agnes Heller ^m^^^S^B#-teRlJU*#m ^s?fit?LT«wfift ° ^smi^r ' (mm) mmmmmm flit (1137-1181) * itff.R (1137-1202) * (1147-1194) > 3£m (1150- 1223). -tefP^fili^tT^A ' «aPM«^Ai^«i»fF • 34£ #^ Agnes Heller (1990) APhiloso^ o/Morab •> BSJ^I^rSfa^liag ' RlJ^#*H 2-3 • > m%fimm&m > Mft»j > 1986= 2939) . ina-tia • #^^#a^ • m^mm^&itj (1986= 2957) ° »*M^n * nmimmm • rj&#» (^mm) m-K me-. 147-160. 48 <JfcJ^W?g> W-tAffl (8, 2008) (1979: 376) WSM'JMfP^fT^^PeTOIS^i/^HJSi : M£P : r<i>*Mte ^ ' 't^fM ' 'L^WM ' ' j ° (3E^t ' 1992: 156) m&mm * m^mnn^m^mm»*p <iti§» »^ • mto m r#^j °37 (1981:7222) <i^& • m^wm * m$m mi-. 331-350 {tmwttzm&m m) (1994: H5-H9) {%&mmwwmmmm> • ^ftHEia/MS^^^' Rm#*?«ff (1984:54) - m¥n m*. 233) (smew) * mmi d993:225) (-«^m^> - mm (1974= 385) ca^> ° mm^mnmimc 49 40 mm > w-aiwnisfi • Mite ^ito rs^[s]j^ - ■fej SS^St (1472-1529) §§lft r J^%m$i;f£-ffij 0 41$£^Ht£Of raK^trji± ' wmmm^mmmm*»m&gsi (1033-1107) ^%jt - m mm) > RitgtbRs^i^a^Kwi^ji • eaes 39 #n (mm) mm- HE • «m#H;&» (2003: n-304) (Sfc&iHJffi&l&J?- = mtt±ttm&3Cfc&}ffl % (TSt) > HA$ * HA* * iH-¥ ° 41 ^$DmMS-^^JIS^WX*iiW^^mW^^x^ • 50 (Mimmmm n-wu$ (8,2008) mm' i@s!iM^#jt#^^0Jsw^' ^wmmmmm^f r^j mm ' fiP^ (mm) ^tf^a^^m-stt#w -42 Sit > «n!£» > ^-ssfis' n^n-mmm»ai mn (Mm) ^tt#ttWi^ ' Rim#* Fingarette (2002: 122-143) (Mm* S> • Sf5^ Fingarette «fPS «#&iftfM • RJW* Schwartz (2004: 68-85) <?L?fii§WMM> • f±#ttSf^a^W«Stt ' Rr.»* Maclntyre (2003) <M#lt $8 : ffMHtW2S> ' Agnes Heller (1988) General Ethics ^^rflfii^I Sittlichkeit m& ° mmmmmm f-nzizj m r-itj - JSM^M^tta^-^w^a^- mm^wnmimc 51 airi ^rtbWj^fitt • ant - ot-^-^^ot^m' si^to m - mmmm&mmft&^£xmms.mtf) • ^«Hfes#8iii<@a±fl8 m ° m <mm> * > ■few^^nsm* • jl^^^^h^^^ mm^mmnmmm ° wttt&mwMmt ■ r mm) -m» sa#s« t • IWj (2005 : #5 > Jill T) 0 r3lWj j^iwiMi^'m r#i«Wj mmm mm) • *t»& > #a mwm • ^n^tn > *&&m mm) m^m - mfetm& * mmnmmmmmmmmm^m^ • mxmmm?z 4-12) <^ 52 (M^mmmm) h+a$ (8,2008) mm) n * tb^^f«^^fta^TO-f@^MA - mmwm®. (mm) r»m mwj>%mm • (mm) mtmrnm-m^mm^mm»jtsiiWiw ^mmmm^-m ° imiiiw^>»itgift&ft3f^ Agnes Heiier ^■mfx (1984) • {WLlUi 3E^t (1992) - huse (1975) ° \\^B ^« (1983) - (^mmmmm^ (&m) > ° 4bB = asmi± • &m d986) - (ntKiW) ° sit: ^i^iii • wsii** tmm * (1986) - <3c?fg«> • = tpwmm • n^is^* fa'OR * ^liiMffi (i960) ° <fa;ORIfc> • ;jbJ£ : WSJi ° (2003) o <fc£|ft]!l&-E# : 5f5ft±**i&te£tel$fflBfc (T mm d974) ° <§!»:> • : t&iwji ■ wsm^vm&m wmm d993)- (r.mmmm^) • = hss^ • n3ii4^#b^ aw) - (^mmmwmmtfjmm) • £tt = - ^SEf > (1979) - (^J-mm) • £4b : • $13is Slgi (1981) • (1979) - (mmm) ^i^itii' - d997). (ii^-nm - mmtLTvm&wtfft °is:gs i7K d978) o <n^^miftwiff^»> ° -frit: m±mm 54 (mgmmzm.) w>+j\m (8,2008) g&#£(i992)» (mmiE%mLT&jMmmmnmm) • <r»w^> 10, 2: 27-51 • (1984) • <ttft«e&£PBfiJfcWi£^> ' <3ER§l3BJft ft) . m 7-22 - i^t : • mhM (1980) • «;wji> 0 iW,' tom 0 &Bft (1981) • <«§>ffi©p£ • -> 0 tilt : hs*m • UWm (1986) o <f^igWISWig®^!B2l> ' <*ffl|g£> '190:58- 60 ° us? * mm d982) - <num) • ttit ■ mtmrn ° M&m d989) ° craum - : hs#m • nzm*$mflmm m^m d987) • <^a»> »Jim <^t»iq »543-546. -^^: ^ie# » (2005) - (Ate) • xjiKra^^wwHisg • mm ■ m&x.tt& f?«B£> 3:41-51 o ms^ * m(nm& d987)° cm™^> • £:|fc : ^ie*m • Fingarette, H. =g ' * m§p (2002) - <?l"? : wim^) 0 • ra?Aem» • Maclntyre, A. ^H^f? (2003) - (Ji^Hlg : tfmmbWft ° if B : B mmt • Plato, iBi^p (2003) o mW^M) ° ^4b : fej^tti • Schwartz, B. fgfll? (2004) • <tf fWBl$Il&t!l:#> 0 MM ' ttBAStB JKtt ° Heller, A. (1988). Genral Ethics. Oxford and New York: Basil Blackwell. Heller, A. (1990). A Philosophy of Morals. Oxford and Cambridge, Mass.: Basil Blackwell. mm^WKMimt: 55 Authority, the Relationship between Words and Deeds, and Humanity: Question-answer Format in the Analects* Ping-Tzu Chu** Abstract This paper will use an analysis of the question-answer format of the Analects to explore the connection between this format and two important ideas, namely the relation between words and actions, and humaneness (ren); and will then use this as a basis for extending discussion to the meaning and characteristics of ethics in the Analects. The first section will analyze and confirm that the question-answer format in the Analects is one composed of one question, one answer, and no further discussion. The second section will argue that this question-answer format makes prominent Confucius's moral authority, and analyze the characteristics of this authority. The third section will analyze the relation between words and actions which the Analects emphasizes, and use this to explain the reasons behind the question- answer format. The fourth section will discuss how through the question-answer passages Confucius realizes the humaneness to which he attaches such great importance, and make clear how the question- answer passages in the Analects concretely demonstrate the meaning of humaneness. The fifth section will make use of the subjects and discussion of the previous sections to further discuss the possible ethical significance of the question-answer format in the Analects, and * Received March 8, 2008; revised June 23, 2008; accepted June 24, 2008. Proofreaders: Kuan-Jung Kao. Ya-Ting Yang. ** Associate Professor, Department of Chinese Literature, National Tsing Hua University 56 m^mmmm n+Asa (8,2008) make a brief comparison of this with the ethical styles of other Confucians. The sixth section will draw conclusions from the above. Keywords? Analects, Question and Answer, Moral Authority, Humanity, Relationship between Words and Deeds