(PDF) প্রত্ন-প্রতিমার অথের্র বদল: একটি প

Pratnatattva Journal of the Dept. of Archaeology Jahangirnagar University, Vol. 28, June 2022: 83-96 ISSN 1560-7593 cZ-cÖwZgv A _ e` : GKwU cvVK cÖwZwµqvZ K ch Zywj Myn gRyg`vi g . gvmD` Bgivb Pb g K e K` Y g . R K b Bb cÖfvlK cZœZ ¡ wefvM Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vjq XvKv, evsjv‡`k Aa¨vcK cZœZ ¡ wefvM Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vjq XvKv, evsjv‡`k mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK cZœZ ¡ wefvM Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vjq XvKv, evsjv‡`k

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mvi c ÔAvBK‡bvMvwdÕ cvwZ vwbK cZœZ ¡ PPv©i A f©³ z GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cwVZ welq| evsjv‡`‡ki Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vjq I Kzwgjøv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cZœZ ¡ wefv‡M AvBK‡bvMvwd kv¯¿wU cov‡bv nq| wewfbœ cZœZvw ¡K †cw ‡Z cvß cZœ-cwZgv¸‡jv cvwZ vwbKfv‡e cv‡Vi A ©f³ z n‡q c‡o| †hLv‡b cVb-cvV‡bi wewfbœ c×wZ I †K kj¸‡jvi gva¨‡g cwZgv, †`ex, †`eZviv GK GKwU AvU© Ae‡R± ev M‡elYvi e¯‘‡Z cwiYZ nq| GB ce‡ AvBK‡bvMvwd ‡Z wewfbœ cZœZvw ¡K †cw ‡Z cvß cZœ-cwZgv¸‡jv‡K cvV Kivi c×wZ I †K kj¸‡jv wb‡q mgv‡jvPbvg~jK we‡kølY Kiv n‡q‡Q, cvkvcvwk cvwZ vwbK cwZgvj Y we`¨vi gva¨‡g cZœ-cÖwZgvi †h A‡_©i e`j N‡U Zv eªæ‡Yv jvZz‡ii (1999) A¨v i †bUIqvK© w_Iwi, DjdM¨vs AvB‡Ri (1978) wiWvm© †imc w_Iwi, ÷yqwU n‡ji (1997) wi‡c‡R‡›Ukb I wg‡kj dz‡Kvi (evUjvi 1990) †`nÕ m¤úwK©Z Zvw ¡K Nivbvi Av†jv‡K ch©v‡jvPbvg~jK we‡kølY Kiv n‡q‡Q| GQvov D³ wek¦we`¨vjq `ywUi cZœZ ¡ wefv‡M cwVZ AvBK‡bvMvwd wWwmwcø‡bi wm‡jevm I weMZ eQ‡ii ckœc ¸‡jv‡K g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡ ‡ †KBm ÷vwW wn‡m‡e wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wk K I wk v_©x‡`i KvQ †_‡K KvVv‡gvMZ mv vrKvi I cvi¯úwiK Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g Z_¨ msMn Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges D³ Z_¨¸‡jv‡K wewfbœ Zvw ¡K Nivbvi Av‡jv‡K chv©‡jvPbvg~jK we‡kølY Kiv n‡q‡Q| M‡elYvwU we‡køl‡Y †`Lv hvq †h, Kxfv‡e AvB‡Kv‡bvMvwdÕ cv‡Vi gva¨‡g Ôw_smÕ (AvBKb), e¯‘ (Ae‡R±)-G cwiYZ n‡”Q, A_©vr cvVK I cv‡Vi ga¨ w`‡q Kxfv‡e Ae‡Rw±wd‡Kkb NU‡Q, †h Ae‡Rw±wd‡Kkb cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g cÖZœ-cÖwZgv (w_sm) GKwU †`nme©k¨ e¯‘Õ‡Z (Ae‡R±) cwiYZ n‡”Q| GQvov cvVK cÖwZwµqvZvwË¡K Nivbvi Av‡jv‡K †`Lv hvq †h, cvVK †mB †`nme©k¨ e¯‘‡K Dc‡fvM Ki‡Q †h bZv D`hvc‡bi g‡Zv K‡i| b` K : AvB‡Kv‡bvMvwd, cZœ-cwZgv, w_sm, e¯‘, wi‡c‡R‡›Ukb, cvVK cÖwZwµqv ZË¡| cÖ¯Ívebv evsjv‡`‡k MZ K‡qK `kK Ry‡o †gvUvgywU `yM©v c~Rvi mg‡q cÖwZgv fvOv GKwU wbq‡g cwiYZ n‡q‡Q|i msMZfv‡eB a‡i †bqv nq †h, ¯’vbxq msL¨vMwiô evOvwj gymwjg‡`i ga¨ †_‡K †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv †Mv x G Avµg‡Yi mv‡_ hy³| Aek¨ K‡bw¯ ªwm Z ¡ Abyhvqx, evsjv‡`k‡K GKwU mv¤ ª`vwqK iv ª wn‡m‡e Av R©vwZK ch©v‡q cwiwPwZ †`evi Rb¨ G Kv‡R agx©q msL¨vjNy m¤úª`vqmg~‡ni wewfbœ †Mv x Ges we‡ivax ivR‰bwZK msMVbmg~‡ni mwµq f~wgKv Av‡Q e‡jI GK ai‡bi cPviYv i‡q‡Q| Z‡e cwZgv‡K AvµgY Kivi † ‡ kvixwiK †Rv‡ii †P‡qI gvbwmK †Rvi mwµq _vK‡Z nq| KviY cwZgv‡K cv‡Vi/†`Lvi/†evSvcovi ÔAe‡Rw±wd‡KkbÕ Riæwi| GB ÔAe‡Rw±wd‡KkbÕ msNwUZ nq cvwievwiK cwigÐ‡j msL¨vMwi‡ i bvbvgvwÎK mbvZbx a‡g©i AvPvi-AvPiY wb‡q| D`vniY wn‡m‡e GK evOvwj-gymwjg wek¦we`¨vjq co–qv wkÿv_©xi fvl¨‡K Zz‡j aiv †h‡Z cv‡i| wZwb ej‡Qb, ÔZv‡`i evwo‡Z Lvevi †Uwe‡j c~Rvi mg‡q wn›`y‡`i †`ex‡K wb‡q hLb K_v nq ZLb evwoi eoiv †ek nvm‡Z nvm‡Z e‡jb, wb‡RivB gvwU w`‡q †`ex evwb‡q Avevi wb‡RivB Zv‡K c~Rv Ki‡Q| h‡ vme cvM‡ji †Mv xÕ| cwiev‡ii Gai‡bi AvjvcPvwiZv Ab¨vb¨ m`‡m¨i g‡bi †fZ‡i GK ai‡bi wµqv ˆZwi K‡i| hvi d‡j †m Acivci a‡g©i gvby‡li ag©xq AvPiY‡K nvm¨imvZ¥K D‡ k¨nxb wb¤œgv‡bi PP©v wn‡m‡e †`L‡Z iæ K‡i| Gi d‡j cwZgv n‡q I‡V Ae‡Rw±dvB Ges ayB Ôe¯‘Õ|ii cÖwZgv Zv‡`i Kv‡Q ayB g~wZ©‡Z cwiYZ nq| gvbwmK ms‡hv‡Mi †fZ‡i G e`j N‡U| ZvB hLb GKRb Gw_÷ wn›`y cwiP‡qi Ôgv·©ev`xÕ wk v_©x‡K wR‡Ám Kijvg †m gÐ‡c wM‡q `~M©v cwZgv‡K AvNvZ K‡i †f‡O †dj‡Z cvi‡e wKbv †h‡n‡Zz †m a‡g©i cwZ wek¦vmx bq| ZLb †mI ejj †h, GUv Zvi c‡ Am¤¢e| †m wb‡R a‡g© wek¦vmx bv n‡jI Zv‡`i Mv‡gi evwoi `~M©v Drm‡e GKRb mwµq Kg©x wn‡m‡e hy³ _v‡Kb| gymwjg wk v_©xI ejj ÔZvi GjvKv‡Z A‡bK eo c~Rv nq Ges Zvi c‡ I `~M©v gvi g~wZ© †f‡O †djv mnR bv| Avi G KvRUvBev †m †Kb Ki‡e?Õ ckœUv nj, eqv‡bi mvgvwRK w`K Ges Zvi e¨w³MZ w`K¸‡jvi †fZ‡i Zdvr †Kv_vq Zv Lyu‡R cvIqv Riæwi| G K_vi A_© GB bq †h, gymwjg n‡jB `~M©v cÖwZgv fvO‡Z cvi‡e ev fvO‡Z hv‡e| ckœUv n‡jv cwZgvi mv‡_ ms‡hvM ¯’vcb, hv cwZgv †_‡K g~wZ© wn‡m‡e wP vq‡bi mv‡_ hy³| GUv GKUv mvgvwRK I cvwievwiK cv‡Vi cwZwµqv wn‡m‡e 83 Pratnatattva Vol. 28, June 2022 D‡V Av‡m| cvkvcvwk eªæ‡bv jvZz‡ii (1999) e¯‘ I w_sm -Gi iƒcv i cwµqvi ivRbxwZ wn‡m‡e G±i †bUIqvK© w_Iwi Ges bvixev`x cZœZ‡ ¡i Av‡jv‡K GB Ae‡Rw±wd‡Kkb‡K e¨vL¨v Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| mvgvwRK GB cvV‡Ki cvV cwZwµqv‡K hw` we`¨vqZwbK cwigÐ‡j †i‡L †evSvi †P v Kwi Z‡e wP wU AviI wfbœ n‡Z cv‡i| G wePv‡i Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vjq Ges Kzwgjøv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cZœZ ¡ wel‡qi wk v_©x‡`i †e‡Q wbjvg| Zv‡`i‡K †e‡Q †bqvi cavb KviY n‡jv- Zviv wk v_©x wn‡m‡e gymwjg ev Ab¨vb¨ a‡g©i n‡jI Zv‡`i †evSvcov Acivci bvMwi‡Ki †P‡q wfbœ KviY Zviv ÔAvB‡Kv‡bvMvwdÕ bv‡g c~Y©v½ †Kvm© cvV K‡i| cvkvcvwk wk‡ i BwZnvm I Ab¨vb¨ †Kv‡m©i Ask wn‡m‡e AvB‡Kvb‡K cvV K‡i| GKBmv‡_ Zv‡`i ms¯‹…wZ wb‡q GK ai‡bi we`¨vqZwbK wkÿv cÖ`vb Kiv nq| Zviv Zv‡`i †Kv‡m©i cv‡Vi cwZwµqv Kxfv‡e †`q Zv †evSv Riæwi e‡j Avgiv g‡b Kwi| KviY mvgvwRK I cvwievwiK wk vi cvkvcvwk Zviv we`¨vqZwbK wk vq wkw Z n‡q‡Q| Zv‡`i gZvg‡Zi ¸iæZ¡ Gme wePv‡i wfbœ n‡e - Zv avibv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| eZ©gvb M‡elYv ce‡ i g~j D‡ k¨ n‡jv ÔAvB‡Kv‡bvMvwdÕ Aa¨q‡b wewfbœ cZœZvw ¡K †cw ‡Z cvß cZœ-cwZgv¸‡jv‡K cvV Kivi c×wZ I †K kj¸‡jv we‡kølY Kiv| wk v_©x‡`i Kv‡Q AvB‡Kvb cvV cÖwZwµqv wn‡m‡e e¯‘ †_‡K Ôw_smÕ -G cwiYZ n‡Z cvi‡Q wKbv Zvi †evSvcov G±i †bUIqvK© w_Iwi e¨envi K‡i ˆZwi Kiv| GLv‡b DjdM¨vs AvB‡Ri (1978) cvVK cwZwµqv Z ¡‡K we¯…Zfv‡e e¨envi Kiv n‡e| G † ‡ ÔAvB‡Kv‡bvMvwdÕ wb‡q cKvwkZ ce wk v_©xMY Kxfv‡e cvV Ki‡Qb Ges wk ‡Ki †kwYK‡ i cvV`vb‡K Kxfv‡e MnY Ki‡Qb Zv †evSv Riæwi| cZœZvw ¡K Abym vb I Lb‡bi †fZi †_‡K AvBKb cvwß‡K cZœe¯‘ wn‡m‡e wP vqbI †ek Pv j¨Ki| AvBK‡bi cZœe¯‘ wn‡m‡e Ae‡Rw±fwj BwZnvm Abym v‡bi †fZi †_‡K eZ©gvb cvVK whwb ag©xq wek¦v‡m gymwjg, wn›`y ev Ab¨vb¨ ag©vj¤^x Zvi mv‡_ GKwU e¯‘MZ m¤ K© wbg©vY K‡i| G ai‡bi e¯‘MZ wP vqb AvBKb-Gi cwZgv wn‡m‡e G± Ki‡Z mn‡hvwMZv K‡i bv| G ai‡bi cZœ-cwZgv cZœe¯‘ wn‡m‡e wP vq‡bi gva¨‡g Zvi w_sm n‡q IV‡Z evav c`vb K‡i| eis cZœ-cwZgv‡K cZœe¯‘ †_‡K GK wfbœgvw K w_sm n‡q DV‡Z †`Lv hvq †kwYK‡ i cvVc×wZ I †U·U-Gi †fZi †_‡K| GLv‡b cZœ-cÖwZgv †`n me©k¨ e¯‘ wn‡m‡e Zvi A‡_©i e`j N‡U| M‡elYvi GB D‡ k¨¸‡jv c~i‡Yi Rb¨ wb¤œv³ c×wZ¸‡jv AbymiY Kiv n‡q‡Q: c_g ch©v‡q †KBm ÷vwW wn‡m‡e Avgiv Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vjq (Rvwe) I Kzwgjøv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi (Kzwe) KwZcq wk v_©x‡`i ˆ`e Pq‡bi wfw ‡Z Mfxifv‡e Avjvc Ry‡o †`B| G‡ ‡ ÔAvB‡Kv‡bvMvwdÕ welqwU wewfbœ ch©v‡q Aa¨qb K‡i‡Qb Ggb wk v_©x‡`i‡KB †e‡Q †bqv nq| cÖ_gZ ÔAvB‡Kv‡bvMvwdÕ 84 Aa¨q‡bi gva¨‡g Zv‡`i g‡a¨ GB welqwU wb‡q Kx ai‡bi cwZwµqv ˆZwi n‡qwQj †mwU †evSvi †P v Kwi; wØZxqZ, Zv‡`i wbR-†`‡k cvß AvB‡Kvb wb‡q cKvwkZ ce Kxfv‡e cvV K‡ib Zvi †evSvcov ˆZwi Kwi Ges Z…ZxqZ, Zv‡`i g‡a¨ bvixi kixi, cZœ-cwZgv, BwZnvm, HwZn¨ I wk‡ i cwZ Zv‡`i AvPi‡Yi cvV †bqvi †P v Kwi| GK ai‡bi Mfxi eÜzZ¡c~Y© AvÇvwbf©i †Lvjv‡gjv cwim‡i M‡elYvi D‡ k¨‡K Zv‡`i Kv‡Q cwi®‹vifv‡e Zz‡j a‡i wk v_©x‡`i mv‡_ Avjvc iæ Kwi| †ewkifvM † ‡ wfbœwfbœfv‡e c‡Z¨K wk v_©xi mv‡_ GK ai‡bi Db¥y³ ZK© ˆZwi Kwi| j¤^v mg‡qi Av v †`B| G‡K GK ai‡bi Ô†dvKvm Mæc wWmKvmbÕ Ges ÔAskMnYg~jK M‡elYv c×wZÕ I ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| GLv‡b `xN©mgq e¨q Kiv n‡q‡Q wk v_©x‡`i mL¨Zv ˆZwi Ges wek¦vm AR©‡bi † ‡ | eÜzZ¡c~Y© Aven I K_v ejvi ¯^vaxbZv Zv‡`i c_vMZ c‡kœi D i †`qvi evB‡i wM‡q wb‡R‡`i gZvgZ Ges Abyf~wZ‡K Db¥y³ K‡i‡Q| †KvwfW 19-Gi mxgve×Zv _vKvq Av R©vwjK Av vq hy³ n‡qwQ A‡b‡Ki mv‡_B| `xN© Avjv‡ci †fZi †_‡K Avgv‡`i c‡kœi D i LyuR‡Z _vwK| M‡elYvi cwiK bvbyhvqx wewfbœ chv©‡q Zvi †iKW© ivwL| Z‡e M‡elYvi ˆbwZKZvi ¯^v‡_© Avgiv mvÿvrKvi cÖ`vbKvix wk v_©x‡`i bvg Dn¨ ivLwQ| G Avjv‡ci cvkvcvwk kvixwiK I gvbwmK ¯^v‡¯’¨i wPwKrm‡Ki m‡½ bvbv wel‡qi civgk© K‡iwQ| G † ‡ W. wKkjq my‡ii K_v D‡jøL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| we‡kl K‡i g‡bvRM‡Z Ae‡Rw±wd‡Kkb Kxfv‡e †cwUªwd‡Kkb -G iƒcv wiZ n‡Z cv‡i| GLv‡b †cwUªwd‡Kkb ev Rxevk¥K…Z gvbwmKZv‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q ˆbe¨©w³MZvi P~ov Ae¯’v| Gi d‡j GKRb e¨w³ al©Y g‡bvfv‡e bvix kixi Kxfv‡e e¯‘ †_‡K Rxevk¥K…Z e¯‘‡Z iƒcv wiZ nq Zvi e¨vL¨v c`vb K‡i‡Qb| G AvjvcUv cwZgv‡K AvNvZ Kivi gb¯ ¡‡K eyS‡Z mnR Ki‡e| K‡›U›U we‡køl‡Yi c×wZMZ ch©v‡qi Ask wn‡m‡e Rvwe I KzweGi cZœZ ¡ wefv‡M cwVZ ÔAvB‡Kv‡bvMvwdÕ wWwmwcø‡bi wm‡jevm, weMZ wKQz eQ‡ii ckœc Ges cKvwkZ †U·U we‡kølY K‡iwQ| m‡e©vcwi wk K I wk v_©x‡`i KvQ †_‡K †bqv Z_¨¸‡jv‡K wewfbœ Zvw ¡K Nivbv †hgb, cvVK cwZwµqv Z ¡, A¨v±i †bUIqvK© w_Iwi, bvixev`x cZœZ ¡ Ges wi‡c‡R‡›Uk‡bi Nivbvi Av‡jv‡K w_sm -Gi A‡_©i e`‡ji †evSvcov‡K we‡kølY Kiv n‡q‡Q| ÔA B K b M dÕ c V c Z e A _ e` e S c ZvwË¡K K V g eZ©gvb M‡elYvq K‡qKwU cZ¨‡qi mvnvh¨ wb‡q we‡kl K‡i w_sm †_‡K e¯‘‡Z A‡_©i e`j, cvV‡Ki cwZwµqv Ges bvix kix‡ii wi‡c‡R‡›Ukb cZ¨qmg~n e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q ÔAvB‡Kv‡bvMvwdÕ kv‡¯¿ cvV`vb, †U·U Ges Zvi cvV‡Ki cwZwµqv‡K †evSveywSi Pratnatattva Vol. 28, June 2022 ch©v‡jvPbvg~jK we‡kølY Kivi Rb¨| eZ©gvb M‡elYvq †kwYK‡ †Kv‡m©i Ask wn‡m‡e wm‡jevm Ges †hme †U·U c`vb K‡i‡Q Zvi cvV Mn‡Yi †fZi †_‡K cvVK wn‡m‡e wk v_©x‡`i †h cwZwµqvmg~n n‡q‡Q Zv we¯…Zfv‡e †evSvi †P v Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡ ‡ DjdM¨vs AvB‡Ri (1978) cvVK cwZwµqv Z ¡‡K †K‡›`ª †i‡L we‡kølY Kiv n‡q‡Q| cvkvcvwk ÷zqvU© n‡ji wi‡c‡R‡›Ukb‡K e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q †U·‡Ui cwZdjbZv‡K A_©vr †h ai‡bi A_©‡K cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q †c u‡Q w`‡Z Pvq; †jLvi Bb‡Ubkb ev D‡ k¨‡K Ges †U·‡Ui wbg©vYg~jK gZv‡K †evSv| †U·U Ges †kwYK‡ i eqv‡bi †fZi †_‡K wk v_x©i Kv‡Q cZœ-cwZgv †hfv‡e GKwU mwµq mvs¯‹…wZK I agx©q m v ev w_sm †_‡K ˆbe©¨w³K e¯‘‡Z iƒcv wiZ nevi ivR‰bwZK cwµqv‡K †evSvcovi Rb¨ eªæ‡Yv jvZz‡ii G±i †bUIqvK© w_Iwi‡K e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q| cZœ-cwZgv ay ˆbe¨©w³K e¯‘‡Z wk v_©xi mv‡_ m¤ wK©ZB nq bv Zv iƒcv wiZ nq GK wfbœ w_sm-G| G w_sm mwµq n‡q I‡V cZœ-cwZgv‡K ˆbe¨©w³K †`n me©k¨ e¯‘‡Z iƒcv iKi‡Yi †fZi †_‡K| GB m¤ ~Y© cwµqv‡K †evSvi † ‡ wg‡kj dz‡Kv Ges RywW_ evUjv‡ii †`n wb‡q Av‡jvPbv‡K hy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q hv eZ©gvb iPbv‡K bvixev`x cZœZ‡ ¡i GKwU bZzb we‡køl‡Yi c×wZ wn‡m‡e nvwRi Ki‡e| we‡kølY‡K c×wZMZfv‡e GwM‡q †bevi Rb¨ ch©vqµ‡g cvVK cwZwµqv Z ¡, G±i †bUIqvK© w_Iwi, †iwc‡R‡›Ukb Ges †`‡ni ivRbxwZ‡K bvixev`x cZœZ‡ ¡i Av‡jv‡K e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q| we‡køl‡Yi Zvw ¡K KvVv‡gvmg~n‡K Av‡jvPbvi c~‡e©B we¯…Z cwim‡i Zz‡j aiv Riæwi| wb‡P Av‡jvP¨ Z ¡mg~n‡K ch©vqµ‡g we‡kølY Kiv n‡jv| G Abym v‡b AZ¨ ¸iæ‡Z¡i mv‡_ cvV‡Ki cwZwµqv‡K we‡køl‡Yi †P v Kiv n‡q‡Q| G † ‡ GWg ‡m©‡ji (1965) Ô†d‡bv‡g‡bvjwR‡K †K›`ªxq Avjv‡ci welq †i‡L DjdM¨vs AvBR (1978) cvVK cwZwµqv Z ¡‡K wb‡q nvwRi n‡q‡Qb| Aek¨ wZwb mivmwi ‡m©‡ji Kv‡Ri †P‡qI n¨v ievU© RvD‡mi (1982) MnY Z ¡ Ges gvwU©b nvB‡WMv‡ii (1975) nvi‡gwbDwUKm †d‡bv‡g‡bvjwR Øviv cvVK cwZwµqv Z‡ ¡i wfwËf~wg c¯‘Z n‡q‡Q| ‡m©‡ji (1965) g‡Z Avgiv Ae‡R ‡K Dcjw× Kwi hLb Zv Avgv‡`i mvg‡b Dc¯’vwcZ nq| Ae‡R‡ i Dcjw× wfbœZv cv‡e Zvi bvbvgyLx Dc¯’vc‡bi gva¨‡g| A_©vr Ae‡R±‡K Kv‡Q, `~‡i, Dc‡i, wb‡P, AZx‡Z Ges eZ©gv‡b †i‡L bvbvgvw KZvq †`L‡Z cvwi A_ev †`‡L _vwK| d‡j Ae‡R GK ai‡bi µgvMZ aviYvqb| D‡ v w`K †_‡K ejv †h‡Z cv‡i †h, aviYv wb‡RB †d‡bv‡gb‡bi bvbv gvwÎKZvq m¤ bœ nq| A_©vr e¯‘i aviYv †PZbvq GKwU ˆbe©¨w³KZv wbg©vY K‡i| GUv e¨w³i GKwU Bg‡cwiK¨vj B‡Mv ev AwfÁZvRwbZ Ans-Gi mv‡_ hy³ n‡q c‡o| G‡K Kv‡›Ui Uªv ‡W›Uvj Ans-I ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| ‡m©j (1965) †d‡bv‡gbb‡K GKwU eûgyLx c×wZMZ welq wn‡m‡e Dc¯’vcb K‡ib| Zvi g‡Z, †d‡bv‡g‡bvjwRi KvR ïay e¯‘ RMZ‡K AbymÜvbB Kiv bq eis GB e¯‘MZ wek¦e¨e¯’v Kxfv‡e †ev‡ai ev Dcjw×i wekvj RMZ wbg©vY Ki‡Q ZviI †evSvcov| D`vniY wn‡m‡e wZwb ej‡Z Pvb †h, Avgv‡`i ¯§„wZ‡Z _vKv Ae‡R± ev e¯‘i Abym vb KivB Avgv‡`i GKgv KvR bq, eis †mB Ae‡R±‡K Kxfv‡e g‡b ivLv n‡q‡Q ZviI †evSvcov ˆZwi Kiv| A_©vr ¯§„wZ‡Z a‡i ivLvi c×wZMZ wµqvB Ae‡R±‡K wbg©vY K‡i| gvwU©b nvB‡WMvi (1975) Zvi wk K ‡m©‡ji KvR‡K †U·‡Ui c×wZMZ we‡køl‡Yi Dci †Rvi †`b Ges †K kj wn‡m‡e nviwgwbDwUKm‡K c‡qvM K‡ib| Gi cvkvcvwk wZwb †imc ev cwZwµqv Z ¡ wb‡qI Avjv‡ci m~ cvZ K‡ib| Zvi Avjv‡ci GKwU Zvw ¡K KvVv‡gv †c‡Z †`wL n¨v ievU© RvD‡mi (1982) wn‡ vwi Ad wiwmcmb Ges Gm‡_wUKm Ad wiwmcmb Z‡ ¡i †fZi †_‡K| wZwb GB ˆØZZvi †fZi †_‡K mg‡qi cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ cvV‡Ki cvV cwieZ©b‡K †evSvi †P v K‡ib| Zvi g‡Z, G cwieZ©‡bi m~ wbwnZ _v‡K mvgvwRK BwZnv‡mi PjgvbZvi Dci, `vk©wbK gbbkxjZvi cU cwieZ©‡bi gvbweKx-ˆbwZK I mvs¯‹…wZK HwZ‡n¨i iƒcv i‡bi g‡a¨ Ges Aek¨B cvV‡Ki gb‡b, Zvi wP vq| RvDm wiwmcmb ev MnY Z‡ ¡i K_v e‡jb| Zvi MnY Z‡ ¡ BwZnvm Ges mvwnZ¨Z‡ ¡i m¤ K© GKwU cvi¯ wiK A nxb hv v| G cvV c×wZi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© w`KwU n‡jv †U·‡Ui bZzb cvV m¤¢vebv‡K Lyu‡R cvIqv, AZxZ cv‡Vi bZzb fvl¨ Dc¯’vcb, eZ©gv‡bi bZzb cv‡Vi Abyev‡`i m¤¢ve¨ AwfÁZv jywK‡q _v‡K cv‡Vi †fZi| GB AwfÁZv Avwe®‹vi Ges cvV‡Ki cZ¨vkvi w`M‡ i †fZi mvgvwRK BwZnvm ¸iæZ¡c~Y© fzwgKv cvjb K‡i| eZ©gvb M‡elYvq ÔAvB‡Kv‡bvMvwdÕ wb‡q cKvwkZ ce - we‡kl K‡i †kwYK‡ †h ce co‡Z DrmvwnZ Kiv nq Zv cvV MnYZ‡ ¡i Av‡jv‡K we‡køl‡Yi †P v Kiv n‡e| RvD‡mi (1982) wiwmcmb w_Dwi ev MnYZ‡ ¡i GKUz wfbœfv‡e Z ¡vqb K‡i‡Qb DjdM¨vs AvBR (1978)| Zvi Z ¡‡K wPw Z Kiv nq wiWvm© †imc w_Iwi ev cvVK cwZwµqv Z ¡| RvD‡mi wiwmcmb w_Iwi‡Z cvV‡Ki cavb Av‡jvP¨ welq n‡”Q cvV ev †U·U| Aciw`‡K AvBR ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q‡Qb cvVK‡K| BwZnvm‡Kw›`ªKZv RvDm Ges Av&B‡Ri †evSvcovq cv_©K¨ ˆZwi K‡i‡Qb| RvDm BwZnvm‡K cvVK I cvV‡Ki †evSvcovi † ‡ ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q‡Qb| Z‡e AvBR BwZnv‡mi wbq ¿Y †_‡K cvV I cvVK‡K `~‡i mwi‡q ivL‡Z Pvb| Zvi g‡Z, cwZwU cv‡Vi †fZi †ekLvwbKUv Aby”PvwiZ welq c”Qbœfv‡e _v‡K| cvV‡Ki KvR n‡jv G welqmg~n‡K Lyu‡R †ei Kiv Ges Zv‡K A_©‡evaKZv w`‡q c~Y© K‡i †Zvjv| A_©vr cv‡Vi wbR¯^ Ae¯’v I cvV‡Ki ¯^vaxb Ae¯’v‡bi g‡a¨ Øvw ¦K Ae¯’vi †fZi †_‡K cv‡Vi mZ¨ wbwg©Z nq| Zvi g‡Z, mKj cv‡Vi Mfx‡i jywK‡q _v‡K m¤¢ve¨ cvV | GLv‡b m¤¢ve¨ e‡j‡Qb KviY GUv GKUv Pjgvb cwµqv| GLv‡b cvV‡Ki cwZwµqv wfbœ wfbœ †cw ‡Z Avjv`v| GKBfv‡e mgqvbyµ‡gi †fZi †_‡K cvV‡K 85 Pratnatattva Vol. 28, June 2022 bvbv gvw KZvi †fZi †_‡K Zvi e iƒcx A wb©wnZ Aby”PvwiZ welqmg~n‡K c~Y© Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i Ges GB c×wZi †fZi †_‡K cvVK †cu ‡Q hvq cv‡Vi e ¯^‡i| AvB‡Ri cvVK cÖwZwµqv Z ¡ †hLv‡b A‡bK †ewk e¨w³K †mLv‡b RvD‡mi MnYZ ¡ G‡Kev‡iB mvgvwRK †evSvcovi cvV| cvV‡Ki `yB ai‡bi cÖK…wZi welqwUI AvBR g‡b Kwi‡q †`b| Zv nj BgcøvBW wiWvi Ges GKPzq¨vj wiWvi| Zvi g‡Z, cvV e¨e¯’v wb‡Ri c‡qvR‡b BgcvBW wiWvi‡K wbg©vY K‡i| Aciw`‡K GKPzq¨vj wiWvi cvV‡K †K›`ª K‡i wb‡Ri GKwU gZvgZ wbg©vY K‡i| eZ©gvb M‡elYvq AvB‡Kv‡bvMvwdi wk v_©x‡`i‡K cvVK wn‡m‡e cÖwZwµqv MnY Kivi mgq GB `yB ai‡bi cvV †K Zv‡`i cwZwµqvi †fZi †_‡K Avjv`v Kivi gva¨‡g cvV‡Ki cÖwZwµqvi †evSvcov wbg©v‡Yi †P v K‡iwQ| cZœZ‡ ¡ e¯‘i aviYv †Kgb? GKwU e¯‘ Kx Kx cwµqvi gva¨‡g cZœe¯‘‡Z iƒcv wiZ n‡q A‡_©i e`j NUv‡”Q? cZœZvw ¡K M‡elYvi gva¨‡g e¯‘ cZœe¯‘‡Z cwiYZ n‡q ˆbe©¨w³K I e¯‘wb fv‡e AZxZ m¤ ‡K© Ávb AR©‡bi cavb AvjvgZ n‡q I‡V| eªæ‡bvjvZzi (1999) wnDg¨vb I bbwnDg¨vb m¤ K© †evSvi † ‡ A¨v±i †bUIqvK© w_Iwi e¨envi K‡i‡Qb| †hLv‡b wZwb e¯‘i wbR¯^ m vi K_v e‡j‡Qb Ges †mB m vi mv‡_ gvby‡li m¤ K© †evSvi † ‡ A¨v±i †bUIqvK© (Actor network) w_Iwi e¨envi K‡i‡Qb| Avwki `k‡Ki gvSvgvwS‡Z mgvR weÁvb, weÁvb I chyw³i Aa¨qb c×wZi ga¨Kvi weZ‡K©i †fZi †_‡K GB Z‡ ¡i Drcw | mgvR weÁv‡bi GKwU Kvh©Ki ZvwË¡K KvVv‡gv wn‡m‡e A¨v±i †bUIqvK© ZË¡ (GGbwU) cÖwZôv cvq| Gi †K›`ªxq e³e¨ n‡jv, mgvR I cK…wZi mewKQzi cwieZ©b NU‡Q cvi¯ wiK m¤ ‡K©i cwieZ©‡bi gva¨‡g (Hodder, 2011)| eªæ‡Yv jvZzi (1999) mn Ab¨vb¨ mgvR weÁvbx mgv‡R wnDg¨vb I bb-wnDg¨vb Gi †fZiKvi m¤ K©‡K eyS‡Z G Z‡ ¡i mvnvh¨ wb‡q‡Qb| mgvR weÁvbx‡`i AwaKvsk mgv‡Ri GKK m¤ K© †evSvi † ‡ †ewk g‡bv‡hvMx †_‡K‡Qb Ges e¯‘MZ Dcv`vb‡K gva¨g wn‡m‡e e¨envi K‡i†Qb cK…wZ, mgvR I ms¯‹…wZ‡K eyS‡Z| wK ‘ jvZzi (1999) Rb j (1999) Ges bi wµw÷bv (1981) †`L‡Z †P‡q‡Qb Kxfv‡e bb-wnDg¨vb d¨v±i †hgb Bw b, gvcb h ¿, j¨ve‡iUwii h ¿cvwZ mvgvwRK m¤ K© MV‡b Kxfv‡e A¨v±i-Gi f~wgKv iv‡L (Preucel, 2012)| GGbwUGi g~j j ¨ m¤ K© †evSvi † ‡ ˆØZev` †hgb: mZ¨/ wg_¨v, G‡Rw / ÷ªvKPvi, wnDg¨vb/ bb-wnDg¨vb, c~‡e©/ c‡i, Ávb/ gZv wecix‡Z wM‡q G¸‡jvi wg_w¯Œqvi w`‡K| Gi gv‡b GUv bv †h mgvR I cK…wZ‡Z †Kv‡bv wefvRb †bB, wK ‘ †mB wefvRb¸‡jv ci¯ i m¤ K©hy³| jvZzi (1999) wnDg¨vb I bb-wnDg¨vb m¤ K©¸‡jv †evSvi †P v K‡ib Ges LvwiR K‡i †`b ms¯‹…wZ I cK…wZi wecixZv_©‡K| g~jZ GGbwU mvim vK…Z ˆØZev‡`i aviYv †_‡K m‡i G‡m cvi¯ wiK wg_w¯Œqvi Dci ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc K‡i| D`vniY wn‡m‡e jvZzi cøv‡q‡÷vwmb hy‡Mi eid Mjvi K_v e‡j‡Qb| cøv‡q‡÷vwmb 86 hy‡Mi eid Mjv †hLv‡b A¨v±i wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i‡Q hvi †bUIqvK© Qwo‡q c‡owQ‡jv gvbe mgv‡R| ¯’vqx emwZ, c cvjb, Pvlvev` mKj † ‡ cøv‡q‡÷vwmb hy‡Mi eidMjvi NUbv m¤úK©hy³| wnDg¨vb G‡R‡›Ui mv‡_ bb-wnDg¨vb G‡R›U †bUIqv‡K©i gva¨‡g m¤ K© ¯’vcb K‡i| †hLv‡b Dfq G‡R‡›Ui mgvb ¸iæZ¡ ev wm‡gwUª i‡q‡Q| †hgb: †Uªb †bUIqvK© Ñ GLv‡b bb-wnDg¨vb G‡R›U (ewM, †Uªb, †ij-jvBb) Pjgvb nevi Rb¨ A_©vr GK¯’vb †_‡K Ab¨ ¯’v‡b wb‡q hvIqvi †h †bUIqvK© ZLbB wµqvkxj n‡e hLb †Uª‡bi jvBb, ewM, Bw b mwVKfv‡e KvR Ki‡e| GKB mv‡_ †Uªb, ewM, Bw b _vKvi c‡iI hw` †Uªb Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv PvjK bv _v‡K ev †Uª‡b †Kv‡bv hv x bv _v‡K Z‡e †Uªb †bUIqv‡Ki© Kvh©KvwiZv _vK‡e bv| A_©vr GB †bUIqvK©wU Pjgvb _vKvi Rb¨ Dfq G‡R›U‡K jvM‡e| A¨v±i †bUIqvK© w_Iwi w_sm-Gi aviYv‡K ¸iæZ¡ w`‡”Q| mvgvwRK, A_©‰bwZK, ivR‰bwZK †h †Kv‡bv welq‡Kw›`ªK †bUIqv‡Ki© wµqvkxjZvi wnDg¨vb - bb-wnDg¨vb †h Dcv`vb¸‡jv Av‡Q †m¸‡jvi f~wgKv mg¸iæZ¡c~Y© fve‡Q| mvgvwRK wewfbœ Bmy¨‡K e¨vL¨vi † ‡ jvZzi cwZmg Nivbvi e¨envi K‡i‡Qb (Hodder, 2011)| cwZmg cZœZvw ¡KMY cZœZvw ¡K e¨vL¨vi † ‡ A¨v±i †bUIqvK© w_Iwi e¨envi K‡ib| †hLv‡b e¯‘i †Lv` wbR¯^ m vi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| †mB mËv Kxfv‡e †bUIqvK© ¯’vcb K‡i gvby‡li mv‡_ wg_w¯Œqvi m¤ K© ¯’vcb K‡i †mUv †evSvi †P v Kiv n‡q‡Q| cwZmgev`x cZœZ‡ ¡ g~j †h aviYv Zv n‡jv e¯‘i mwµqZvi avibv| e¨vL¨vbev`x cZœZ‡ ¡ gvby‡li ms¯‹…wZ‡K e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z e¯‘‡K gva¨‡g wn‡m‡e †`Lv n‡q‡Q| wK ‘ cwZmgev`x cZœZ‡ ¡ †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q gvbyl †hgb e¨env‡ii ga¨ w`‡q e¯‘i cwieZ©b wb‡q Av‡m †Zgwb e¯‘i e¨env‡ii g‡a¨ w`‡qI gvby‡li ms¯‹…wZ I AvPi‡Yi cwieZ©b Av‡m| A_©vr gvby‡li mv‡_ e¯‘‡K e¨env‡ii GK ch©v‡q e¯‘ I GK ai‡bi mwµqZv cÖ`k©b K‡i| e¯‘i GB mwµqZvi aviYv cwZmgev`x cZœZ‡ ¡i †K›`ªxq aviYv| eªæ‡bv jvZzi (1999) Ae‡R± I w_sm-Gi ga¨Kvi cv_©‡K¨i †P‡q Kxfv‡e Ae‡R± w_sm-G cwiYZ nq †mwUi Dci ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc K‡i‡Qb| G‡ ‡ wZwb e¯‘i mwµqZvi (Agency of Things) Dci †Rvi †`b| Gi gva¨‡g wZwb e¯‘‡K LvwiR Ki‡Z Pvbwb eis gvby‡li mv‡_ wg_w¯Œqvi m¤ ‡K© e¯‘iI GKwU we‡kl Ae¯’v‡bi `vwe K‡ib| wZwb eyS‡Z †P‡q‡Qb †h, mvgvwRKxKi‡Yi † ‡ w_s‡mi dvskb i‡q‡Q| GwU Av tm¤ K© ˆZwi K‡i| gvby‡li cwiPq wbg©vY K‡i mvgwMKfv‡e GB cwiP‡qi cwieZ©bI NUv‡Z cv‡i| †hgb, mvBevi K¨v‡d| jvZzi e¯‘‡Kw›`ªK MYZ‡ i¿ (object oriented democracy) K_v e‡jb| G‡ ‡ Rvg©vb k Dingpolitik-Gi cm½ †U‡b Av‡bb| Dingpolitik gv‡b ivRbxwZ‡Z e¯‘i A ©fzw³| A_©vr ivRbxwZ †Kej gvby‡li mv‡_ mxgve× bq| wZwb †`wL‡q‡Qb Kxfv‡e Pratnatattva Vol. 28, June 2022 w_sm‡K †K›`ª K‡i me©mvaviY GKwÎZ nq| A_©vr w_sm RbmgvMg‡KI wbq ¿Y K‡i| †hgb: mycvi gv‡K©U, gw›`i, PvP© BZ¨vw`| wnDg¨vb Ges bb-wnDg¨vb-Gi ga¨Kvi †h Av tm¤ K© i‡q‡Q Zv AvswkKfv‡e cwi‡ekMZ e¯‘i wg_w¯Œqv Øviv m„ nq| jvZzi (1999) GKwU D`vni‡Yi gva¨‡g Gfv‡e eY©bv K‡ib †h, Kxfv‡e GKwU MwZ‡ivaK KvR K‡i gvbyl‡K ˆbwZK n‡Z eva¨ K‡i hLb Zviv GKwU ¯‹z‡ji mvg‡bi iv¯v a‡i Mvwo Pvjvq| `«yZ MwZ‡Z Mvwo Pvjv‡j MwZ‡iva‡Ki †h wZ nIqvi m¤¢vebv, hvi d‡j ˆbwZKZvi `iyY MwZ Kgv‡Z eva¨ nq| GLv‡b MwZ‡ivaK gvby‡li cwZwbwa wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i Ges Bsj¨v G‡K Nyg cywjk wn‡m‡e wPw Z K‡i| Mvwoi PvjK MwZ‡ivaK ‡K cywjk wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv K‡i| cK…Z A‡_© †mLv‡b †Kv‡bv cywjk †bB ZeyI MwZ‡iva Ki‡Z eva¨ nq| Gfv‡eB †Kv‡bv e¯‘ Zvi mwµqZv cKv‡ki gva¨‡g A_©en n‡q D‡V w_s‡m cwiYZ nq| GB w_sm-Gi mËv I gvbe mËv GKwUi mv‡_ Avi GKwU Av tm¤ K© wbf©ikxjZvi ms‡hvRb| ÔAvB‡Kv‡bvMvwdÕ cvV c×wZ‡K †evSvi † ‡ I Avgiv A¨v±i †bUIqvK© w_Iwi‡K e¨envi Ki‡Z cvwi| cwðgv ixwZ I AvaywbK cvwZ vwbK ÁvbKv‡Ð wewfbœ cZœZvw ¡K †cw ‡Z cvß cZœcwZgv¸‡jv n‡q D‡V‡Q g~wZ© ev wk e¯‘| †h cZœe¯‘ ev wk e¯‘¸‡jv wi‡c‡R‡›Uk‡bi gva¨‡g wewfbœ A_© Drcv`b Ki‡Q| †mwgIwUK G‡cv‡P †Kej k ev B‡gR bq e¯‘ wb‡RB A_© Drcv`‡bi † ‡ †`¨vZK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| e¯‘, aviYv I wP‡ i ga¨Kvi m¤ K© fvlvq A_© Drcv`b cwµqvvi †K‡›`ª Ae¯’vb K‡i| †h cwµqv GB wZbwU Dcv`vb‡K GK‡ m¤ wK©Z K‡i Zv‡KB wi‡c‡R‡›Ukb ejv nq (Bgivb 2011)| e¯‘i ev A‡_©i wi‡c‡R‡›Ukb Kxfv‡e n‡q _v‡K Zv e¨vL¨vi Rb¨ ÷yqwU nj (1997) wZb ai‡bi A¨v‡cvP Gi K_v D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| c_g A¨v‡cvPwU n‡jv AcwZKjbKvix| GB A¨v‡cvP Abymv‡i ev¯e c„w_exi e¯‘, e¨w³, aviY ev NUbvi g‡a¨B A_© wbwnZ _v‡K fvlv †Kej Zv‡K Avqbvi g‡Zv cwZdwjZ K‡i, †h‡nZz Zv c„w_ex‡Z B‡Zvg‡a¨ i‡q‡Q| wØZxq A¨v‡cvPwU n‡jv †¯^”QvK…Z †hLv‡b e³v ev †jLK Zvi e¨vL¨vi gva¨‡g we‡k¦i mewKQzi Dci Zvi wbR¯^ A_© Av‡ivc K‡ib| †jLK k‡ i hv gv‡b nIqv DwPZ e‡j g‡b K‡ib k †mB A_©B enb K‡i| Z„Zxq A¨v‡cvPwU n‡”Q wbg©vYg~jK (Bgivb 2011: 220-221) | wbgv©Yg~jK n‡”Q e¯‘ wb‡R A_ev fvlv e¨enviKvix †KDB fvlvi A_© w¯’i Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| e¯‘ A_© c`vb K‡i bv| Avgiv wi‡c‡R‡›Ukb wm‡÷‡g e¯‘i A_© wbg©vY Kwi| GB ce‡ D³ wZb ai‡bi A¨v‡cvP e¨envi K‡i Kxfv‡e ÔAvBK‡bvMvwdÕ kv¯¿wU‡Z cZœ-cwZgvi wi‡c‡R‡›Uk‡bi gva¨‡g A‡_©i wbg©vY ev e`j NU‡Q †mB wel‡q Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cZœZ ¡ †h BwZnvm cybM©Vb K‡i †mB BwZnvm †h‡nZz e¯‘ wbf©i †m‡nZz Zv ev¯e I mZ¨ GgbUvB g‡b Kiv nq| †mB weeiY, e¨vL¨v, we‡køl‡Yi c×wZ I †K kj wb‡q Av‡jvPbv n‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e †mB Av‡jvPbv Aek¨B e¯‘wbf©i n‡Z n‡e| kv¯¿ wn‡m‡e cZœZ ¡ †h‡nZz e¯‘wbf©i GB Av‡jvPbvq ZvB e¯‘i wi‡c‡R‡›Ukb, e¯‘i cZœe¯‘‡Z iƒcv i nIqvi gva¨‡g A‡_©i †h e`j †mB e`j¸‡jv †evSvi †P v Ki‡Z n‡e| ÔAvB‡Kv‡bvMvwdÕ cvV wn‡m‡e cvVK Kxfv‡e MnY K‡i‡Q Ges cwZwµqv w`‡q‡Q Zv cv‡Vi †fZi †_‡K †evSvcov ˆZwii cvkvcvwk A‡_©i e`j‡K eyS‡Z n‡j cvV‡Ki cwZwµqvi †fZi †_‡K bvix kixi‡K wb‡q D”PvwiZ k‡ i we‡køl‡Y cZœZ‡ ¡ bvixev`x Z‡ ¡i Kv‡Q evievi wd‡i †h‡Z nq| bvix kixi †fvMevw`Zvi D`hvc‡b cwiYZ n‡Z †`wL cwZwbqZ| ÔAvB‡Kv‡bvMvwdÕ kv‡¯¿ Gi ceYZv P~ov | Gi eo KviY AvB‡Kvbmg~n bvbvgvw K †h b D xwcZ fw½‡Z Ae¯’vb K‡i| A_ev AvB‡Kvb-Gi †`n†m e cvV wb‡q cvV‡Ki cwZwµqvi †fZi †_‡K Ae‡Rw±wfwU cKvwkZ nq| GB M‡elYv KvRwU we‡køl‡Yi Rb¨ c_‡gB †`n m¤ ‡K© †evSvi †P v K‡iwQ| G cm‡½ dz‡Kvi (evUjvi 1990) †`n m¤ K©xq e¨vL¨v we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨| divwm wP K wg‡kj dz‡Kv †`n‡K GKwU mvs¯‹…wZK MVb wn‡m‡e e¨vL¨v w`‡q‡Qb| Zvi g‡Z †`n m¤ wK©Z aviYvi MVb n‡q‡Q mvs¯‹…wZK I kvixwiK wWm‡Kv‡m©i gva¨‡g| †`n mivmwi ivR‰bwZKfv‡e AvZ¥vi mv‡_ m¤ wK©Z hv wKbv Avevi †mB ms¯‹…wZi we‡klvqb‡K aviY K‡i| †`n ej‡Z dz‡Kv `y‡Uv welq‡K GKmv‡_ †evSv‡Z Pvb| GKUv nj kvixwiK †`n Ab¨wU nj mvgvwRK †`n | dz‡Kv g‡b K‡ib, mvgvwRK †`n e¨w³ †`n‡K ˆZwi K‡i| dz‡Kvi Kv‡Q †`n Avm‡j GKwU †¯ m hv Av‡M †_‡KB Av‡Q Ggb bq eis hv ˆZwi nevi ev M‡o DVevi welq| †`n M‡o I‡V †g‡Uwiqvwjw÷K bvbv Dcv`vb I Abyl‡½i wµqv-cwZwµqvi d‡j| evUjvi (1990) †`‡ni mvs¯‹…wZK MVb‡K e j cPvwiZ cvidi‡gwUwfwU mvgvwRK MVb wn‡m‡e e¨vL¨v w`‡q‡Qb| Berger and Owen (1988) g‡b K‡ib, †`nÕ n‡”Q `„w fw½i dmj| Zvi g‡Z, cyiæl n‡”Q Zv hv †m K‡i Ges bvix n‡”Q Zv †hfv‡e †m Dc¯’vwcZ nq| Gfv‡eB bvix †`n GKwU e¯‘‡Z iƒcv wiZ nq (Berger and Owen 1988)| ÔAvB‡Kv‡bvMvwdÕ kv‡¯¿ †mB †`n e¯‘‡K cvV Kiv nq kvixwiK wewfbœ gvc‡Rv‡Li gva¨‡g hv †`‡ni cwZ GK ai‡bi d¨v›Uvwm ˆZwi K‡i Ges †h bZv D`hvc‡bi cwimi‡K we¯…Z K‡i| ÔA B K b M dÕ c V cZ-c Zg c P I A _ e` evsjvwcwWqv ÔAvB‡Kv‡bvMvwdÕ kv‡¯¿i evsjv cwZk wn‡m‡e Ôg~wZ©ZË¡Õ‡K e¨envi K‡i‡Q| Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vjq I Kzwgjøv wek¦we`¨vjq Zv‡`i ckœc‡ i evsjv fvm©‡b wk‡ivbvg wn‡m‡e Bs‡iwR ÔAvB‡Kv‡bvMvwdÕ cZ¨qwU e¨envi K‡i| Z‡e ckœc‡ i †fZ‡i cwZgvj Y we`¨v cZ¨qwU e¨envi K‡i| we‡kl K‡i Kzwgjøv wek¦we`¨vjq GKB ckœc‡ g~wZ©Z ¡ I cwZgvj Y `y‡Uv cwZk ‡KB e¨envi K‡i| G †_‡K GKwU welq cwi®‹vi †h, we`¨vqZ‡b ÔAvB‡Kv‡bvMvwdÕ cZ¨‡qi †Kv‡bv GKK evsjv cÖwZkã e¨eüZ nq bv| evsjvwcwWqvq †M ‡ok¦i fÆvPvh¨© 87 Pratnatattva Vol. 28, June 2022 (2015) g~wZ©Z‡ ¡i msÁvqb K‡i‡Qb Gfv‡e †h, g~wZ©Z ¡ wk PPv©i GKwU gva¨g hvi Øviv Aeqe ev cZx‡Ki wPw ZKiY, eY©bv I e¨vL¨v ev wek`xKi‡Yi PPv© Kiv nq| GwU GKwU weÁvb| Av wiK A‡_© g~wZ©Z ¡‡K Iconography ejv nq; ÔAeqe AsKbÕ ev Image writing Ñ wkíx Zvi K bv‡K GKwU `„k¨gvb Aeqe ev AvKvi w`‡q g~wZ© (fv¯‹h©) m„w K‡i| GwUB ÔAvB‡Kv‡bvMvwdÕ ev g~wZ©Z‡ ¡i cavb w`K (fÆvPvh¨©, 2015)| Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cZœZ ¡ wefv‡Mi ÔAvB‡Kv‡bvMvwdÕ †Kvm©wUi wm‡jev‡mi cvV¨m~wP‡Z A f©y³ †gv: †gvkvid †nv‡m‡bi (2010) wn›`y ˆRb †eŠ g~wZ©Zvw ¡K weeiY eBwU‡Z g~wZ©Z ¡‡K msÁvqb Kiv n‡q‡Q Gfv‡e, Bs‡iwR AvBKb k‡ i A_© †`nxAv`‡ji cwZiƒc A_©vr wd¸¨i¨vj wi‡c‡Rb‡Ukb | evsjv fvlvq G‡ ‡ g~wZ© k e¨e Z nq| ˆkw K †kwYweb¨v‡mi w`K †_‡K wePvi K‡i G¸‡jv‡K `xN©w`b a‡i fv¯‹h© wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kivi GKUv mvaviY cqvm †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †jLK ch©v‡q cPwjZ i‡q‡Q| ˆkw K K…r‡K kj c‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g †Kv‡bv Ro c`v_©‡K GKwU we‡kl ¸Yvw ^Z AvK…wZ‡Z iƒcv wiZ Kiv n‡j j AvK…wZwU fv¯‹h©-wb`k©b wn‡m‡e MY¨ nq (†nv‡mb 2010)| ZvB fv¯‹h© wb`k©b¸‡jv wbtm‡›`‡n gvby‡li ˆkwíK mËvi GKwU cÖvPzh©gq cKvk gv | g~wZ© n‡jv wk‡ i e„nr A½‡bi fv¯‹h© kvLvi GKwU DckvLv|Ó kv¯¿ wn‡m‡e ÔAvB‡Kv‡bvMvwdÕi fviZe‡l©i M‡elYvi †K kj I c×wZi BwZnv‡mi w`‡K wd‡i ZvKvB †mLv‡b cvab¨ †c‡Z †`wL ˆ`wnK eY©bv, wPw ZKiY, Kvjce©xKiY, AjsKi‡Yi aib welqmg~n| G‡K Bgivb I Ab¨vb¨iv (2011) e‡j‡Qb, cwðgvixwZ‡Z †c btcwbK kvixwiK gvc‡Rv‡Li cvkvcvwk Ava¨vwZ¥KZv I wewfbœ †g wLK Mvu_v I ag©xq PPv©i mv‡_ m½wZ †i‡L GK bZzb we`¨vi PPv© iæ nq kv‡¯¿ †hwU g~wZ©Z ¡ wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ (Bgivb I Ab¨vb¨ 2011)| cZœ-cwZgv we‡køl‡Yi GB †K kjwU †Rgm& dvM©ymb (1864)-Gi Kv‡Ri †fZi †_‡K c_g cKvwkZ n‡Z †`Lv hvq| Zuvi KvR‡K AbymiY K‡i c×wZMZfv‡e ivgcÖmv` (1834), iv‡R›`ª jvj wg (1875), Aebx›`ªbv_ VvKzi (1914), A q Kzgvi ˆg‡ q (1320), nicÖmv` kv¯¿x (1320) cÖgyL cwÐ‡Zi Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g iæ n‡qwQj (Bgivb I Ab¨vb¨ 2011)| Zv‡`i Kv‡Ri †fZi †_‡K cZœ-cÖwZgvmg~n ÔAvB‡Kv‡bvMvwdÕi gZ we`¨vkv‡¯¿ c‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g ay GKwU Aeqe ev Ôe¯‘ ‡Z cwiYZ n‡”Q| Zv‡`i GB c×wZ ev †K kj¸‡jv AbymiY K‡i‡Qb cieZ©x M‡elKMYI| ZvB AvRI fviZmn `yB evsjvi ÔAvB‡Kv‡bvMvwdÕ kv¯¿wU cov‡bv ev M‡elYvi Rb¨ ayB ˆ`wnK weeiY cvavb¨ cv‡”Q| ÔAvB‡Kv‡bvMvwdÕ kv‡¯¿i cwm× M ’ wU. †Mvwcbv_ ivI (1985)Gi Elements of Hindu Iconography| G eB‡q c~e©eZx© cw ZM‡Yi g‡Zv cZœ-cwZgv we‡køl‡Y GKB c×wZ I †K kj¸‡jv‡K AbymiY Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e e¨wZµg n‡jv, wZwb †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv cZœ-cwZgvi eY©bv Kivi † ‡ cZœ-cwZgvi mv‡_ m¤ wK©Z wg_¸‡jv‡KI D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| 88 Avgiv bjxbx Kv fÆkvjx (2008), †M ‡ok¦i fÆvPvh©¨ (2000), Gbvgyj nK (1992) cgyL M‡el‡Ki Kv‡RI GKB c×wZ AbymiY Ki‡Z †`wL| Gbvgyj nK (1992)-Gi The Iconography of the Hindu Sculpture of Bengal (upto c. 1250 A.D.) M‡ ’ AvBKb wPw ZKiY Ges Zvi ˆ`wnK eY©bv cÖvavb¨ †c‡q‡Q| hyMj-cZœ-cwZgv ev wg_yb cZœ-cwZgvi † ‡ †Kej GKwU ˆ`wnK I Avw½‡Ki GKwU hvw ¿K eY©bv nvwRi K‡i‡Qb| Zvi we‡køl‡Y wg_yb cZœ-cÖwZgvi `k©bMZ w`K, D™¢‡ei †c vcU Ges G ai‡bi cZœ-cwZgv wewfbœ gw›`‡ii †`qv‡j I Mf©M„‡n Kxfv‡e ¯’vb †cj Zvi e¨vL¨vb m¤ ~Y©iƒ‡c Abycw¯’Z| GKB c‡_ †un‡U‡Qb †M ‡ok¦i fÆvPvh©¨ (2000)| Zuvi (2000) M ’ Essays on Buddhist, Hindu and Jain Iconography & Epigraphy Ges Gbvgyj nK I GjevU© †R. wMj (2008) m¤úvw`Z Sculptures in Bangladesh M ’wU iæ †_‡K †kl ch© wPw ZKi‡Yi GK hvw ¿K eY©bv Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Q| GKwU Aa¨vqI Lyu‡R cvIqv hvqwb G M‡ ’ †hLv‡b AvBKb-Gi nv‡Zi gy`ªv, `uvov‡bvi wewfbœ fw½ Ges Acivci mswkøó AvBKbGi Zvrch© I we‡kølY D‡jøL Av‡Q| Aebx›`ªbv_ VvKzi (1960) fviZxq cZœ-cÖwZgvmg~‡ni mgf½, Avf½, wÎf½ I AwZf½-mn Pvi ai‡bi fw½gvi K_v D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| cZœ-cwZgv wPw ZKi‡Yi cvkvcvwk †`‡ni GB wewfbœ fw½gv, nv‡Zi wewfbœ ai‡bi gy`ªvi wk Z ¡, mvwnZ¨, b„Z¨kv‡¯¿i cÖfvemg~n ÔAvB‡Kv‡bvMvwdÕ kv‡¯¿i M‡elK‡`i M‡elYvq GLbI A¸iæZ¡c~Y© †_‡K †M‡Q| hw`I bvivqY mvb¨vj (1980), nsm bvivqY (1997), webq‡Zvl fÆvPvh©¨ (1326) cZœ-cwZgv‡K LvwbKUv wfbœ Avw½‡K e¨vL¨v Kivi †P v K‡i‡Qb| D`vniY¯^iƒc ejv †h‡Z cv‡i, bvivqY m¨vb¨vj (1980) Zuvi fviZxq fv¯‹‡h© wg_yb M‡ ’ fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k cZœ-cwZgvj ‡Y wg_yb cÖwZgvi D™¢e m¤ ‡K© wewfbœ cw Z‡`i e¨vL¨v, MnY‡hvM¨ gZev`, wg_yb g~wZ©i cKvi‡f`, mswkø wg_, cvwß¯’vb Ges wewfbœ cvPxb I HwZnvwmK M ’mg~‡n wg_yb cwZgv m¤ wK©Z e¨vL¨v †`qv n‡q‡Q| Aciw`‡K webq‡Zvl fÆvPvh©¨ (1362) Zuvi †eŠ ‡`i †`e-†`ex Ges nsm bvivqY fÆvPvh©¨ (1997) wn›`y‡`i †`e-†`ex (3q ce©) M‡ ’ GKBfv‡e wewfbœ †c ivwbK M‡ ’ †`e-†`exi mswkø wg_¸‡jvi mv‡_ Zv‡`i cZœ-cÖwZgvjÿY cÖvwßi mswkøó e¨vL¨v †`qvi †P v K‡i‡Qb| A_©vr AvB‡Kvb‡K e¨vL¨v Kivi † ‡ c×wZMZ w`K †_‡K wg_mg~n‡K ¸iæZ¡ †`qvi †fZi †_‡K wfbœZv Zv‡`i M ’mg~‡n cwijw Z nq| ÔAvB‡Kv‡bvMvwdÕi cvV-c×wZi we‡køl‡Y Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Z…Zxq c‡e©i wk v_x©‡`i †`qv †idv‡i mg~n‡K ¸iæ‡Z¡i mv‡_ we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| wk v_©x‡`i mv‡_ `xN© Avjv‡ci mv‡c‡ e j cwVZ Ges cix vi Rb¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cvV wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ 2015 mv‡j evsjv‡`k BwZnvm mwgwZ I BwZnvm wefvM, PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vjq KZ©„K cKvwkZ Ges †gvnv¤§` Avjx †P ayix I Avey †gvt †`‡jvqvi †nv‡mb m¤ vw`Z eB Pratnatattva Vol. 28, June 2022 ÔPUªMÖvg: BwZnvm I HwZn¨Õ (cÖ_g LÐ)-G cKvwkZ †gvKv†¤§j GBP f~uBqv-Gi PÆMvg wek¦we`¨vjq Rv`yN‡ii avZe Dgvg‡nk¦i, we z m~h© fv¯‹h©: cwZgvj Y I wk ‰kjx †jLvwU| G †jLv †_‡K Dgv-g‡nk¦i wb‡q Av‡jvPbvwU‡K cvV Ki‡Z wM‡q cvVK wn‡m‡e KwZcq cwZwµqv ˆZwi nq| †jLvi iæ‡ZB Dgvg‡nk¦i-Gi cvß cZœ-cªwZgv‡K cwiPq Kwi‡q †`qv n‡q‡Q Dgvg‡nk¦i Avwj½b g~wZ© (Av‡jvKwP 1)| Zv‡`i hyMj Dcw¯’wZ‡K ejv nq Ges cwiPq wn‡m‡e wke Zvi kw³ (¯¿x) i mv‡_ Av‡Q| GLv‡b G ai‡bi cZœ-cwZgv‡K Ôg~wZ©Õ wn‡m‡e D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q ce‡ i Pvi b¤^i jvB‡b| hw`I `k b¤^i jvB‡b I wk‡ivbv‡g ÔcÖwZgvÕ ejv n‡q‡Q| Gi †Kv‡bv e¨vL¨vb †jLK m¤ú~Y© †jLvq D‡jøL K‡ibwb| GKRb cZœ-cÖwZgv KLb Ôg~wZ©Õ †_‡K ÔcÖwZgvÕG iƒcv wiZ n‡eb Ges †KbBev n‡eb? fviZ A ‡ji evsjv fvlvq AvB‡Kv‡bvMvwd‡K `yB evsjvq gywZ©Z ¡ wn‡m‡e RbwcÖq n‡Z †`wL| Gi D`vniY wn‡m‡e †gv: †gvkvid †nv‡m‡bi (2010) wn›`y ˆRb †eŠ g~wZ©Zvw ¡K weeiY D‡jøL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Av‡MB e‡jwQ GLv‡b Ôg~wZ©ZË¡Õ ejv n‡q‡Q| †mb (2008)-GB cÖeYZvi GKUv KviY LyuR‡Z e‡mwQ‡jb Zvi †jLvq| †mLv‡b wZwb (†mb, 2008) AvaywbKxKiY I †mKz¨jviKi‡Yi cwðgv Dcwb‡ewkev`x cK‡ i Ask wn‡m‡e cZœZvw ¡K wewfbœ †cw ‡Z cvß e¯‘¸‡jv‡K cieZx©‡Z RvZxqZvev`x cK‡ i Aaxb K‡i evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ cZœe¯‘mg~‡ni wP vq‡bi ivRbxwZi Dci †Rviv‡ivc K‡i‡Qb| Gai‡bi ÁvbZvw ¡K cK‡ i †fZi †_‡K e¯‘i wbR¯^ m v ev A‡_©i cwZwbqZ e`j NU‡Q| wZwb †`Lvb †h, mvs¯‹…wZK HwZn¨ wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ cZœ¯’vbmg~‡n emevmiZ gvby‡li mv‡_ H cÖvß e¯‘i m¤ K©, Abyf‚wZ, Av‡e‡Mi †evSvcov †Kv‡bvfv‡eB Gai‡bi cZœZvw ¡K Ávb Drcv`‡b ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKvq AeZxY© nq bv| eis H e¯‘ n‡Z Avgiv Avgv‡`i AZxZ BwZnvm I HwZn¨ m¤ ‡K© Kx aviYv cvw”Q †mUvB †mLv‡b gyL¨ n‡q I‡V| G‡ ‡ D`vniY wn‡m‡e wZwb AvU©-Ae‡R‡±i K_v D‡jøL K‡ib| we‡klfv‡e wZwb ¸iæZ¡ †`b wb‡R‡`i †mvbjx AZxZ Lyu‡R cvIqvi GKUv eo gva¨g wn‡m‡e e¨e Z n‡”Q G AvU© Ae‡R±¸‡jv| wZwb (†mb 2008) evsjv‡`‡k AvwacZ¨ev`x cZœ-e¯‘KYv cZœZvw ¡K AZxZ welq aviYv I Abykxjb nqZ me RvqMv Lyu‡R cZœZvw ¡K cwi‡cw Z a sm K‡i me g~wZ© I wb`k©b‡K wb‡q G‡m Rv`yN‡i cÖ`k©b I msiÿY Kivi AwacwZkxj cÖfvewe¯Ívix PP©vi ceYZv‡K D‡jøL K‡ib| cZœ-cwZgv I wb`k©b¸‡jv GK bZzb cwiPq wbgv‡Y© c`wk©Z n‡”Q hv Z_vKw_Z †mvbvwj AZxZ I HwZn¨‡K we‡k¦i mvg‡b Zz‡j ai‡Q (Guha 2004)| D`vniY wn‡m‡e wZwb (†mb 2008) w`bvRcyi Rv`yN‡i c`wk©Z wKQz cZœ-cªwZgvi K_v D‡jøL K‡ib ( 2)| †hLv‡b A‡bK¸‡jv cwZgvi Mv‡q GL‡bv wmu`y‡ii `vM i‡q †M‡Q| wZwb (†mb 2008) `vwe K‡ib †h, Rvwb wmu`yi mbvZb ag©vej¤^x‡`i GKwU cwe DcKiY| mbvZbx weevwnZ bvixiv QvovI c~Rvi mvgMªx wn‡m‡e wmu`yi e¨env‡ii cPjb i‡q‡Q GB Dcgnv‡`‡k| cwZgvi Mv‡q GB wm›`y‡ii `vM¸‡jv cwZgv¸‡jvi g~j e¨env‡ii cieZ©xKv‡j mbvZb ag©xq m¤ ª`v‡qi gvbylRb c~Rv K‡i AvmwQj e‡j aviYv Kiv nq| A K P 1: a Ze Dg -g ^ (f~Buqv, 2015) Zuvi (†mb 2008) g‡Z, RvZxq HwZn¨ msi ‡Yi Zvobvq GB cwZgv¸‡jv wewfbœ ¯’vb n‡Z msMn K‡i Rv`yN‡i wb‡q G‡m g~wZ© ev fv¯‹h© cwiPq c`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| ag©xq Abykxjb †_‡K wew”Qbœ K‡i cªwZgv¸‡jvi msMn I msi Y cwµqv Kx A_© wbgv©Y Ki‡Q? A_P Rv`yN‡ii †mKy¨jvi cwim‡i GB g~wZ©¸‡jvB nvRvi eQi a‡i evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ RvwZ a‡g©i m¤ ªxwZg~jK mnve¯’v‡bi AvL¨vb Dcv`v‡bi e¯‘MZ I wbi‡c AvjvgZ n‡q D‡V‡Q| A_©vr cwZgv¸‡jv Zvui wbR¯^ cwiPq nvwi‡q bZzb cwiP‡q g~wZ©Z ¡ bvgK wWwmwcø‡bi A ©fz³ n‡q M‡elYvi wel‡q cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| A K P 2: `b Rc gD R g c` Z cZ-c Zg , ` Q (†mb, 2008) `M 89 Pratnatattva Vol. 28, June 2022 G ai‡bi M‡elYvi wel‡q cwiYZ nIqv‡K Ae‡Rw wfwU ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| jvZzi (1999) Zvi G±i †bUIqvK© w_Iwi‡Z †`Lvb Kxfv‡e e¯‘ w_s‡m cwiYZ nq| Avi Avgv‡`i M‡elYvq †`L‡Z cvB †h cwZgv GKmgq c~uwRZ n‡Zv GKwU Mf©M„‡n ¯’vwcZ n‡q †cw Zwenxbfv‡e Rv`yN‡i c`wk©Z nq| cieZ©x‡Z ÔAvB‡Kv‡bvMvwdÕi cv‡Vi I M‡elYvi Ask wn‡m‡e w_sm †_‡K e¯‘‡Z cwiYZ n‡”Q| e¯‘‡Z cwiYZ Kivi c_g ceYZv cwZgvi j Y we‡kølY| j Y-Gi cwZk evsjv GKv‡Wwgi e¨envwiK evsjv Awfavb (2010) Abymv‡i wP , cwiPq, we`k©b, AwfÁvb, Avfvm, Bw½Z, m~Pbv| ÔAvB‡Kv‡bvMvwdÕi evsjv cwZgvj Y‡K GLv‡b wP wn‡m‡e MnY Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| Gi D`vniY wn‡m‡e cwZgvi gvc, Zvi emvi fw½, nvZ cv‡qi msL¨v, nvZmg~‡n a‡i ivLv wewfbœ e¯‘i eY©bv, cwZgv‡K †K›`ª K‡i Acivci cwZgv¸‡jvi Ae¯’vb Ges Dgv-g‡nk¦‡ii † ‡ Kvi nvZ Kvi Diæi Dci [hw`I f~uBqv (2015) D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb cv‡qi Dci] Ges g‡nk¦‡ii Pvi nv‡Zi evg nvZ †M ixi c‡qvai a‡i Av‡Q (f~uBqv, 2015: 70)| GKRb cvVK wn‡m‡e G evsjv k wU Avgv‡`i Rvbv wQj bv| Z‡e †gv: †gvkvid †nv‡m‡bi (2010: 107) Gi eB‡qI Dgv-g‡nk¦‡ii eY©bvq GKB c‡qvai k wU‡K e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q| evsjv GKv‡Wwgi e¨envwiK evsjv Awfavb (2010) G k‡ i cwZk wn‡m‡e eY©bv K‡i‡Q Gfv‡e, ¯¿x‡jvK‡`i ¯b; †gN; Rjai; bvi‡Kj| GLb ckœ n‡jv, †K‡bv me©Rb Rvbv ¯b k wU e¨envi bv K‡i GKwU AcwiwPZ c‡qvai k wU MnY Kiv n‡jv| G‡ ‡ wk v_x©iv Kxfv‡e GB cvV‡K cvV Kij| A_©vr cvVK wn‡m‡e Zv‡`i cwZwµqv Kx Zv †evSvi †P v K‡iwQ| GLv‡b RvD‡mi (1982) MnYZ ¡ Ges AvB‡Ri (1978) cvV‡Ki cwZwµqvi †fZi †_‡K †evSvi †P v Kiv n‡q‡Q| cv‡Vi Aby”PvwiZ welq‡K †evSvi †P v Kiv n‡q‡Q| G cv‡Vi †fZi †_‡K w_sm Kxfv‡e e¯‘‡Z cwiYZ nq ZvI †evSvi †P v Kiv n‡q‡Q| I cZœZ ¡ wWm‡Kv‡m©i gva¨‡g| h xi †`ex cwiP‡qi e`‡ji we‡kølY Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb AZ¨ wµwUK¨vwj| ZcZx (2004) †`Lvb †h, GKv‡WwgKfv‡e Kxfv‡e †`ex h x †cw Znxb n‡q †Kej †m ›`h© I BwZnv‡mi e¯‘y wn‡m‡e A™¢zZ GK wi‡c‡R›U n‡q‡Q AvU©-Ae‡R ev wkí-e¯‘yi wk‡ivbv‡gi Aax‡b| Avgv‡`i G Avjv‡ci †fZi †_‡K Kzwe I Rvwe-Gi ÔAvB‡Kv‡bvMvwdÕ cvV K‡i‡Qb †h mKj wk v_©x Zv‡`i cwZwµqv Avgiv †c‡Z iæ Kwi| Zvi wKQz bgybv GLv‡b Zz‡j aiv n‡jv; ÒG †ccviwUi Ôc‡qvaiÕ kãwU‡Z LyeB Bwi‡Ukb ˆZwi nq Avgv‡`i †g‡q‡`i g‡a¨| Gi GKUv KviY †Q‡j‡`i nvmvnvwm| Avi evievi k K‡i ejv|Ó (Kbv 2021)| ÒAvgiv c_‡g Ôc‡qvaiÕ k Uv eyS‡Z cvwiwb| Z‡e d‡UvMv‡d †`L‡Z cvB †eª÷ a‡i Av‡Q| ZLb e ziv wg‡j n‡j e‡m evsjv Awfav‡b †`Ljvg Gi A‡bK¸‡jv A_©| GKUv k wQj bvi‡Kj| GKRb e‡j DVj Szbv bvi‡Kj| weivU nvmvnvwm nq| Gici hZevi c‡kœi D i wjL‡Z e‡mwQ ZZevi nvwm †c‡q‡Q|Ó (Rvwgj 2021)| whwb cwZgv wQ‡jb wZwb nvwmi e¯‘‡Z cwiYZ n‡jv wk v_©x‡`i Kv‡Q| cv‡Vi †fZi †_‡K cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q w_sm e¯‘‡Z iƒcv i n‡jv| G iƒcv ‡i GKwU k we‡kl f~wgKv ivL‡Q| Gi †fZi †_‡K e¯‘i bZzb A_© Drcv`b n‡jv| RvD‡mi (1982) cv‡Vi MnYZ‡ ¡ †`L‡Z cvB Mn‡Yi BwZnvm †Kw›`ªKZv| GLv‡b wk v_©x‡`i agx©q Abykxj‡bi BwZnv‡mi †c vc‡U †i‡L wePvi Kwi Z‡e w_s‡mi A‡_©i e`j N‡U e¯‘‡Z cwiYZ n‡”Q| G cwiYwZ Zv‡K Acivci a‡g©i cwZ GKwU nvm¨imvZ¥K cwi‡ek ˆZwi K‡i †hLv‡b GB ÔAe‡Rw±wd‡Kk‡biÕ †fZi †_‡K wn›`y a‡g©i A‡_©i e`j NUv‡”Q| Z‡e Acivci gZvg‡Zi w`‡K wd‡i ZvKv‡Z cvwi| D`vniY wn‡m‡e; 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H AviwK, †Kv‡bvfv‡e cvk KivUvB Riæwi| GZwKQz fvevi mgq bvB| (†kikvn 2021)Ó Gai‡bi cvVMn‡Yi †fZi †_‡K cZœ-cwZgv P~ov wePv‡i Ae‡nwjZ nq| cvVK GLv‡b w_sm ev e¯‘ wn‡m‡e MnY Ki‡Q wK Ki‡Q bv Zv Zvi Kv‡Q we‡eP¨ bq| cix vq cvk KivUvB gyL¨ j ¨| GLv‡b cvV‡Ki cwZwµqv wn‡m‡e †cjvg Aci ms¯‹…wZ Ges a‡g©i welq wn‡m‡e cvV Kievi Ávb AR©b Ges nvZ, cv, `vuov‡bvi Ae¯’vb Ges bvg RvbvUvB ÔAvB‡Kv‡bvMvwdÕ| cZœcwZgvi mv‡_ Zv‡`i †Kv‡bv ms‡hvMB ¯’vwcZ nq bv| GgbwK Zvi wb‡Ri mv‡_ Gi †Kv‡bv m¤ K© Av‡Q wKbv ev GB Rwg‡bi ms¯‹…wZi Ask wn‡m‡e GB cvV I cwZgvi mv‡_ Zvi wb‡Ri †Kv‡bv ms‡hvM Av‡Q wKbv Zv Zvi cv‡Vi we‡ePbvq Riæwi n‡q I‡V bv| cvV`v‡bi G cwµqvUv‡K GLv‡b Ae‡Rw±wd‡Kkb wn‡m‡e wPw Z Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q g~j¨nxb n‡q c‡o cZœ-cÖwZgvi cvV| eZ©gvb evsjv‡`‡ki Av_©-mvgvwRK BwZnv‡m GB cv‡Vi ¸iæZ¡ †Kv‡bvfv‡eB Zv‡`i Kv‡Q Abyf~Z nq bv| GgbwK †m Rvb‡ZB cv‡i bv †h wg_ybv Dgv-g‡nk¦i m„w Z‡ ¡i mv‡_ hy³| GUv ïay nvZ, cv ev `vuov‡bvi eY©bv cv‡ViB welq bq| ÔAvB‡Kv‡bvMvwdÕ †Kvm©wU eªvþY¨ g~wZ©Z ¡, †hLv‡b wewfbœ hy‡M †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †`eZvi Avwef©ve N‡U‡Q, Zv‡`i cÖwZgvjÿY I wewfbœ cKvi †`e-†`exi eY©bvB g~jZ cvavb¨ cv‡”Q| GQvov wm‡jev‡m GKwU Ask Minor deties wn‡m‡e wKQz †`eZvi D‡jøL Av‡Q| †hgb: M‡Yk, KvwZ©K, beM„n, eªþv‡K gvBbi †WBwUR ejv n‡q‡Q| A_©vr, cZœ-cwZgv cv‡Vi gva¨‡g Avgiv KviI Dcvm¨ †`eZv‡K †gRi, gvBbi wn‡m‡e †kwYfz³ KiwQ| GQvov weMZ K‡qK eQ‡ii ckœc‡ I †`e‡`exi cwZgvj Y I Kvjce©xKi‡Yi ckœ¸‡jvB cvavb¨ †c‡q‡Q| G ckœ I wm‡jevmRy‡o Qwo‡q Av‡Q cwZgvi †`‡ni eY©bv| GLv‡b wg_yb cwZgvi `k©bMZ w`K cvV c×wZi †fZ‡i Abycw¯’Z| GgbwK ckœ Ges Dc‡i we‡køwlZ ce wU‡ZB Av‡jvwPZ n‡Z †`wL bv| hw`I Dgv-g‡nk¦i GKwU wg_yb cZœ-cÖwZgv| fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k wg_yb wdMvi-Gi cvwßi msL¨v we¯‘„Z| cZœ-cÖwZgv kv‡¯¿i GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Pwi n‡jv wg_yb cªZœ-cwZgv| wewfbœ gw›`‡ii †`qvj Qvov GKK cZœ-cwZgv wn‡m‡eI wb`k©b cvB| wg_yb cZœ-cwZgvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ wb`k©bmg~n n‡jv niàv91 Pratnatattva Vol. 28, June 2022 Lye hyw³hy³ Kvi‡Y A‡b‡K Abygvb K‡i‡Qb †h gw›`‡ii †`qv‡j GB mKj wg_yb cZœ-cwZgvi m‡½ Zvw ¿K a‡g©i GKUv Nwb m¤úK© ev cÖfve wQj (mvb¨vj 1980)| gw›`img~n ¯¿x-cyiæl hyM‡ji cZxK wn‡m‡e Avwef©~Z nq wk mÜvbx Ges mbvZbx a‡g©i gvby‡li Kv‡Q| †n‡Mj-Gi gZvgZ‡K g‡b Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i (mvb¨vj 1980)| wZwb †hfv‡e G gw›`img~n‡K eyS‡Z AvMnx wQ‡jb Zv n‡jv, wkLi wewk gw›`i¸‡jv n‡”Q cys wj‡½i cÖZxK| Aa¨vcK wbg©jKzgvi emy (1932) Zvi K¨vbbm Ae Iwokvb AvwK©‡UKPvi M‡ ’ GKB gZvgZ †cvlY K‡ib| Iwokvi gw›`img~‡ni ˆewk ¨ n‡”Q, †iL †`Dj| †iL ixwZ‡Z MwVZ g~j wkLi gw›`‡ii mvg‡bi w`‡K mshy³ Kiv nq f`ª ixwZ‡Z MwVZ Avi GKwU gw›`i (Av‡jvKwP 3)| wkíkv‡¯¿ ejv n‡q‡Q †iL n‡jv cyiæl (!) Ges f`ª n‡jv bvix (!)| ejv nq, †h Awj›`c_ f`ªv‡K †iL-Gi R•Nvi mv‡_ mshy³ K‡i Zv n‡jv ¯¿x‡hvbxi cZxK| GLv‡b ¯§iYxq †h, g~j gw›`‡ii cavbZg Ask‡K Mf©M„n ejv nq †hLv‡b †`eZv cwZw Z nq (Av‡jvKwP 4)| Z‡e ckœ †_‡K hvq †iL†`D‡j Mf©M„n †Kb? G‡ ‡ bvivqY m¨vbv‡ji e¨vL¨v n‡”Q, Mf©gw›`i¯’ wkewj‡½i m‡½ †iL-†`DjwU wQj GK Q‡›` Mvu_v | A_©vr wZwb †iL-†`D‡ji Mf©M„n‡K cyswj‡½i m‡½ Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb| hw`I Zvi GB e¨vL¨vi mv‡_ A‡bK cwÐ‡Zi gZwe‡iva Av‡Q| GB Av‡jvPbvi ci Gfv‡e ejv †h‡Z cv‡i †h, wg_yb cZœ-cÖwZgvmg~n ay wk bv m„w Z‡ ¡i Ask †hLv‡b Dgv-g‡nk¦i AmsL¨ c~Rvixi Kv‡Q hyMje›`xi cZxK wn‡m‡e c~wRZ n‡q Avm‡Q| GUv cvV`vb cwµqv hv RvD‡mi (1982) cvV‡K BwZnvm‡Kw›`ªKZvi †fZi †_‡K GLv‡b g‡b Kwi‡q †`q| cvkvcvwk AvB‡Ri (1978) cvVK cÖwZwµqvi †fZi †_‡K cvV K‡i wg_yb cZœ-cÖwZgvi BwZnvm I `k©b wbf©i †evSvcovq †diZ hvIqv †h‡Z cv‡i| cvV‡Ki c‡ AvB‡Ri cªK…Z cvV‡K cwiYZ n‡jv wK n‡jv bv Zv †evSv gymwKj n‡q c‡o KviY †U·U wb‡RB cvV‡K cZœ-cwZgvi w_sm †_‡K †`nme©k¨ e¯‘‡Z cwiYZ n‡Z eva¨ K‡i| g‡n‡ v`v‡ivi gvZ…Kv (Singh 2016) ; AR vi 19 b¤^i ¸nvi wP‡ bvix cwi‡ew Z I jwjZvm‡b Dcwe bvMivR (emy 1932); †`IM‡oi gw›`i ¯‡¤¢ I c‡ekØv‡i DrKxY© hyMjg~wZ© (emy 1932); fze‡bk¦‡i ci iv‡gi gw›`‡i `„p Avwj½be× gnvivR (emy 1932); jxjvm‡b Dcwe ni-cve©Zx; cvj-†mb c‡e© †cvovgvwU‡Z ˆZwi ni‡M wi (mvb¨vj, 1980); †Kvbvi‡Ki m~h©gw›`i I LvRyiv‡ni K›`ixq gnv‡`e gw›`‡ii †`qv‡j DrKxY© hyMjwk Kg©mg~n D‡jøL‡hvM¨ (Singh 2016)| wg_yb n‡jv bvix-cyiæ‡li hyMj ¯¿x-cyiæ‡li wgjb ev ms‡hvM| ivwk P‡µi GKwU bvg wg_yb ivwkÕ| bi-bvixi hyMjwkíKg© gvÎB wg_yb| bvivqY mvb¨vj Zuvi fviZxq fv¯‹‡h© wg_yb M‡ ’ G wk Kg©‡K e‡j‡Qb, bvix cyiæl GK‡ , GKmv‡_, cvkvcvwk `vuov‡bv ev Dcwe , ci¯ i n¯ wbe ev Avwj½be×, cyiæl g~wZ©i †Kv‡j Dcwe ¯¿xg~wZ©; bvix †`‡ni Kuv‡a, ev ‡Z, wbZ‡¤^ ev ¯‡b n¯ wbe I iwZwµqvi cwZ”Qwe| Gme `„k¨vewjB wg_yb ejv n‡q _v‡K (mvb¨vj 1980)|Ó evsjv‡`‡k cvß D‡jøL‡hvM¨ GKwU wg_yb cwZgv n‡”Q Dgvg‡nk¦‡ii hyMje›`x| evsjv‡`k RvZxq Rv`yNi I PÆMvg wek¦we`¨vjq Rv`yN‡i wewfbœ ¯’vb †_‡K cvß Dgv-g‡nk¦‡ii cwZgv cÖ`wk©Z nq RvZxq HwZn¨ I wk wn‡m‡e| G QvovI cZœ-cÖwZgv cv‡Vi A M©Z GB Dgv-g‡nk¦‡ii hyje›`x| †kwYK‡ i g‡a¨ G wg_ybv cZœ-cwZgvi nvZ I cv‡qi Ae¯’vb eY©bv Kxfv‡e Gi cÖvK†kwYK xq cwiPq‡K Zz‡j a‡i? cvkvcvwk G ckœI Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i †h, †`eZvi gw›`‡i G ai‡bi wg_yb `„k¨ _vKvi KviY Kx †h‡nZz wk v_x©‡`i GKwU eo Ask gymwjg wkÿv_x©| Avgiv Kx AvR‡Ki mg‡qi fvlvfw½ wb‡q G welqwU eyS‡Z cvie? Rvwe Ges Kywe-Gi wk v_©xMY G ai‡bi wi‡c‡R‡›Ukb †Kej c‡Y©vMvwdi †fZi †_‡K AwfÁZv cvß nq| hw` Zviv Rvb‡Z cvi‡Zv †h, FM‡e` †_‡K Avi¤¢ K‡i cieZx©Kv‡ji mvwnZ¨ co‡j Avgiv eyS‡Z cvi‡ev †h, mbvZbx‡`i Kv‡Q m„w B wQj me‡P‡q eo ag©| wg_yb cZœ-cÖwZgvmg~n GiB mRxe cÖZxK gvÎ| A 92 K P 3: L-cxo wg_yb (emy, 1932) A K P 4: Rg ` RM g b (emy, 1932) Pratnatattva Journal of the Dept. of Archaeology Jahangirnagar University, Vol. 28, June 2022: 83-96 ISSN 1560-7593 †h bZv‡K wg_yb Dgv-g‡nk¦i cZœ-cwZgv‡K cvVK m„w Z‡ ¡i cÖZxKx cÖwZgv †_‡K kvixwiK †`‡n DcbxZ nq cZœZvw ¡K M‡elYv, cvV c×wZ I cvVK cwZwµqvi †fZi †_‡K cyiælZvw ¿KZvi D vb GLv‡b aiv c‡o| D‡jøwLZ wk v_x©‡`i Ôc‡qvaiÕ wb‡q gyLwU‡c evuKv nvwmi A¯^w¯Í Ges wk v_x©‡`i Kv‡Q Akøxj cvV c×wZ wn‡m‡e aiv covi c×wZMZ w`K‡K bvixevw` cZœZ‡ ¡i cvUvZ‡b †i‡L e¨vL¨v Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| cZœZvw ¡K PP©vq cyiælZvw ¿KZvi Rb¥ Gi Jcwb‡ewkK PP©vi ga¨ w`‡q M‡o I‡V Ges cieZ©xKv‡j GKwU RvZxqZvev`x wWm‡Kv‡m©i †fZi †_‡K weKwkZ nq| Dcwb‡ewkZ Aci -Gi BwZnvm wbg©v‡Y ÔcÖvPxb wb`k©b BD‡iv‡ci †k ‡Z¡i e¯‘MZ cgvY wn‡m‡e e¨e Z nq| ZvB iæ †_‡KB GwU cwðg-Acwðg Dcwb‡ek ¯’vcbKvix Dcwb‡ewkZ ¶gZv m¤c‡K©i ¯§viK (AvLZvi 2007)| 50-Gi `k‡K KvVv‡gvev`, D i-KvVv‡gvev`, D i- AvaywbKZvev`, DËi-Jcwb‡ewkKZvev` cf…wZ Zvw ¡K Av‡jvPbv Øviv GKw Z n‡q D i cwµqvev`x cZœZ ¡ I Dcwb‡e‡ki m¤cK©, eZ©gvb I AZx‡Zi aviYv, AvaywbK RvwZiv‡ ªi cZœZ ¡ PP©vi ivRbxwZ cf…wZ welq‡K cZœZ‡ ¡i Av‡jvPbvi mv‡_ m¤c„³ K‡i| cZœZ‡ ¡i wP vi g‡a¨ GB cwieZ©‡bi ga¨ w`‡qB cZœZ‡ ¡ wj½xq cZœZ ¡ bvgK GKwU we‡kl aviYv weKwkZ nq| wewfbœ †cw ‡Z cvß cwZgv¸‡jv‡K kbv³Ki‡Yi † ‡ cwZgvj Y Rvb‡Z n‡e GB wel‡q Avgv‡`i †Kv‡bv wØgZ †bB| wK ‘ ay cwZgvj Y I Kvjcex©Ki‡Yi gva¨‡g wewfbœ RvwZ‡Mv x I mgv‡Ri mv‡_ GB cZœ-cÖwZgv¸‡jvi m¤ ‡K©i RvqMv A¯ n‡q c‡o| ÔAvB‡Kv‡bvMvwdÕ cov‡bvi GB c×wZ I †K k‡ji gva¨‡g cZœ-cÖwZgv wbR A_© †_‡K wePz¨Z n‡q HwZn¨, BwZnvm, Kvjce©xKiY I RvZxq ms¯‹…wZ wn‡m‡e c‡iv fv‡e A‡_©i cyb‡ivrcv`b Ki‡Q| AvaywbKZvev`x, cMwZkxj, †mKy¨jvi ÁvbPPv©i Aax‡b cZœ-cwZgv we‡køl‡Yi †K kjwU iv‡R›`ª jvj wg , †nbwi, nvwW© †KvY, †Rgm dv¸©mb, Rb gvk©vj cÖgyL cwÐ‡Zi Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g †h b Av‡e`bgqx bvixi kixi‡K ÔAvB‡KvbMvwdÕi g‡Zv we`¨vkv¯¿ c‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g ¯úk©KvZi fv¯‹h©‡Z cwiYZ K‡i‡Q (Bgivb I Ab¨vb¨ 2011)| A_©vr, AvaywbKZvi mv‡_ mshy³ K‡i bZzb KvVv‡gv I A_© wbg©vY Kiv n‡q‡Q| hvi cwZdwjZ D`vniY n‡”Q, eZ©gvb ÔAvB‡Kv‡bvMvwdÕ kv¯¿wUi cvwZ vwbK wm‡jevm, ckœc Ges cKvwkZ ce ¸‡jv| †h‡Kv‡bv kvixwiK gvc‡RvL wk I AjsKi‡Yi gva¨‡g Kvjcex©KiY‡K cvavb¨ †`Iqv n‡q‡Q| ZvB muvPx, g_yiv, Mv vivi cZœ-cÖwZgv ev w``viMÄ hÿx GK Abb¨ fviZxq wk Kjv‡K c`k©b K‡i‡Q Ges ¯^Y©hyM wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ Ki‡Z g~j f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Q (Guha 2004)| ÔAvB‡Kv‡bvMvwdÕ cv‡Vi c×wZi gva¨‡g Kv‡iv M„n †`eZv n‡q DV‡Q AvU© Ae‡R± ev A¨vw›UKzBwU| D`vniY wn‡m‡e Avgiv wke wj‡½i K_v ej‡Z cvwi| ÔAvB‡Kv‡bvMvwdÕ kv¯¿wUi cvV c×wZ‡Z এর bZzb ‡bv A_© wbwg©Z nq? wk‡ei wewfbœ iƒ‡ci g‡a¨ GwU GKwU iƒc hvi GB g~wZ©Zvw ¡K ˆewk ¨ Avi wK cwiPq Zz‡j aiv nq? ni v ms¯‹…wZ‡Z cvß wewfbœ cv_i LÐ‡K Rb gvk©vj wj½ wn‡m‡e D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb (Singh 2016) hv cieZ©x mg‡q wn›`yBR‡gi wj½ c~Rvi mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb| wk‡ei GB wj½ iƒ‡ci eY©bv †kwYK‡ i Pvi †`qv‡ji g‡a¨ Kx Zvrch© ˆZwi K‡i? ÔAvB‡Kv‡bvMvwdKÕ ˆewk‡ ¨ wk‡ei Avw` A nxb m vi cZxK n‡q D‡V cyiæ‡li we‡kl A‡½i cwiPq evnK| AvaywbK ÔAvB‡Kv‡bvMvwdÕ PPv©i gva¨‡g RvZxq HwZn¨ wn‡m‡e cZœ-cwZgv‡K we‡køl‡Yi † ‡ wk , ag© Ges ˆbwZKZvi gva¨‡g mxgv‡iLv wefvR¨ bq| e¯‘Z wbivfiY cZœ-cwZgv mbvZbx a‡g©i gvby‡li Kv‡Q GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ˆewk ¨| †h bZvi eZ©gvb gZv`k© w`‡q AZxZ mg‡qi †h b welq‡K e¨vL¨v Kiv m½Z bq| †h bZvi BwZnvm welqK Av‡jvPbvmg~‡n †`Lv hvq eZ©gvb †h bZvi aviYv G‡Kev‡iB AvaywbK Kvjc‡e© M‡o DVv GKwU aviYv| cvPxb mgq I AvaywbK GKwU mgv‡R †h bZvi A_© Gi Av_©-mvgvwRK g~j¨ m¤ ~Y© Avjvv`v n‡Z cv‡i| wK ‘ ÔAvB‡Kv‡bvMvwdÕ kv‡¯¿i M‡elKMY GB welq¸‡jv‡K wk , Kvg, †m ›`h©, AjsKi‡Yi g‡a¨ mxgve× K‡i †i‡L‡Qb| ÔAvB‡Kv‡bvMvwdÕ kv‡¯¿ †hfv‡e cZœ-cÖwZgv we‡køwlZ nq A_©vr cZœ-cwZgvi kvixwiK Mo‡bi eY©bv, `uvov‡bvi fw½, nvZ cv‡qi Ae¯’vb, †cvkv‡Ki aib, cwiavb ixwZ, Pz‡ji aib, evnb hv cZœ-cwZgv‡K †`e-†`ex n‡Z e¯‘ ev wk e¯‘‡Z iƒcv i K‡i| †`eZv/†`exi gh©v`v †_‡K wew”Qbœfv‡e A_© Drcv`b K‡i (Bgivb I Ab¨vb¨ 2011)| gvby‡li mv‡_ Zv‡`i m¤ K© n‡q c‡o e¯‘i mv‡_ m¤ ‡K©i g‡Zv| †hLv‡b gvby‡li mv‡_ Zv‡`i wQ‡jv †`ex-f³ m¤ K©| wbZ¨w`‡bi gvbyl Zv‡`i‡K c~Rv Ki‡Zv Ges hvi mv‡_ wewfbœ ai‡bi AvPvi-Aby vbhy³ _vK‡Zv| cZœcÖwZgvi mv‡_ †Kv‡bv RvwZ‡Mv xi gvby‡li wQj kÖ×v, fw³, Avkxe©v‡`i AvKywZ I Awfkv‡ci f‡qi m¤ K©| ÔAvB‡Kv‡bvMvwdiÕ g‡Zv AwacwZkxj cv‡Vi gva¨‡g †mB m¤ K© wQbœ n‡q cZœ-cwZgv n‡q c‡o M‡elYvi e¯‘, wk‡ i Avavi ev HwZ‡n¨i cwiPvqK| K_ cZœ-cwZgvi cvV c×wZ, cvVK cwZwµqv, cKvwkZ †U·Umg~n cZœ-cÖwZgvi w_sm G‡Rw ‡K e¯‘ G‡Rw ‡Z iƒcv i Ki‡Q| G iƒcv i cwµqvq cZœ-cwZgvi A‡_©i e`j N‡U G‡K DcbxZ n‡Z †`wL †`n wbf©i †h bZvi cZxKx e¯‘‡Z| Ôc‡qvaiÕ iƒcv i nq wk v_©x‡`i Kv‡Q Szbv bvwi‡Kj wn‡m‡e hv bvix wk v_x©‡`i‡K e¨w³MZ ch©v‡q †h b Avµg‡Y e¨envi Kiv nq KLbI KLbI| †cw Zwenxb G cvV`vb wk v_©x‡`i‡K c¯‘Z bv K‡i Zvi mvg‡b Dc¯’vwcZ n‡j †h wecw mg~n n‡Z cv‡i Zv Dc‡i Av‡jvwPZ D`vni‡Yi gva¨‡g †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| GLb wk v_©x‡`i Kv‡Q Akøxj g‡b nq G ai‡bi †U·U‡K| Avevi hLb †kwYK‡ i GKwU eo msL¨K wkÿv_©x agx©q we‡ePbvq gymwjg| G‡`i Kv‡Q wbR-G±i‡K mwµq bv K‡i K¬vm †jKPv‡i mivmwi cZœ-cÖwZgvi ˆ`wnK A½-cZ¨‡½i eY©bv w`‡q Ae‡Rw±dvB Kiv nq| jvZzi wnDg¨vb G‡R‡›Ui mv‡_ bb-wnDg¨vb G‡R‡›Ui m¤ K© Ges e¯‘i w_sm n‡q IVvi †fZi †_‡K gvbyl‡K wbqw ¿Z nevi cwµqv‡K 93 Pratnatattva Vol. 28, June 2022 e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb| GLv‡b GKwU G±‡ii Aci G±‡ii mv‡_ GKwU ms‡hvM ¯’vwcZ nq| cZœ-cwZgv‡K fv¯‹h© wn‡m‡e bb-wnDg¨vb G±i wn‡m‡e G± Ki‡Z †`wL| GLv‡b agx©qfv‡eI gÐ‡c DcbxZ cZœ-cwZgv w_sm wn‡m‡e GKwU G‡Rw ˆZwi K‡i bg¯^t wn‡m‡e Aviva¨ n‡Zv| Zv‡K cZœe¯‘ wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv K‡i cwZgv †_‡K e¯‘‡Z cwiYZ Kiv nq ÔAvB‡Kv‡bvMvwdÕ †Kv‡m©i cvV`vb I †U·U-Gi †fZi †_‡K| hw`I †jLvi iæ‡Z D‡jøL K‡iwQ †h, cZœZ ¡ Ges we‡kl K‡i ÔAvB‡Kv‡bvMvwdÕ welqwU wb‡q cov bv Kiv wkÿv_©xMY evsjv‡`‡k †h cwZw Z eqvb i‡q‡Q cwZgv wb‡q; we‡kl K‡i evOvwj-gymwjg‡`i †fZ‡i Zv‡K cv‡ w`‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡Z cv‡i GB kv¯¿| Z‡e Avgiv †`L‡Z †cjvg cZœ-cÖwZgv cZœe¯‘ wn‡m‡e Avwe®‹…Z n‡jI Zv cvV`vb I †U·‡Ui †fZi †_‡K cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q w_sm wn‡m‡e Avwef©~Z n‡Z cvi‡Q bv| evsjv‡`‡k wbq‡g cwiYZ n‡q hvIqv mbvZbx a‡g©i gvby‡li evwo‡Z Ges gw›`‡ii cwZgvq AvµgY †Kb nq Ges †Kb n‡e Zv w_sm-Gi mvgvwRK, BwZnvm‡Kw›`ªK, mvs¯‹…wZK, cvV`vb c×wZ I cKvwkZ †U·‡Ui †fZi †_‡K †`nwbf©i †h b-e¯‘‡Z cwiYZ nq| GB †h b-e¯‘ hLb g‡bvRM‡Zi †fZ‡i †cwUªdvBW ev Rxevk¥-e¯‘‡Z cwiYZ nq ZLb †mB G±i w_s‡mi mv‡_ wew”Qbœ n‡q al©‡Yi g‡Zv NUbvI NwU‡q _v‡K, GgbUvB AwfgZ w`‡q‡Qb evsjv‡`k Wvqv‡ewUm nvmcvZv‡ji wPwKrmK W. wKkjq myi| Gme wePv‡i ejv †h‡Z cv‡i †h, ÔAvB‡Kv‡bvMvwdÕ ev cZœcwZgv kv‡¯¿i cvV`vb I cKvwkZ †U·U‡K AviI mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK BwZnvm Ges wP vwbf©i †c vc‡U †i‡L cZœe¯‘‡K w_s‡m iƒcv iKi‡Yi c×wZ‡K we‡ePbvq †i‡L wm‡jevm cYqb I cvV`vb Kiv Riæwi| GUv Riæwi eZ©gvb evsjv‡`‡ki mv¤úª`vwqK-m¤úªxwZi µg Aebg‡bi welqwU‡K ¸iæZ¡ w`‡ZI| Abstract Scrutinising the communal objectified mindscape to attack the Hindu Goddessess and Gods in present Bangladesh is the ultimate goal of this paper. As a case, Iconography and its students have been analysed in detail to understand the objectified mind. Because of, iconography is an essential aspect of institutional Archaeological discipline and is being studied as an academic discipline under the Department of Archaeology at Jahangirnagar University and Cumilla University in Bangladesh. The icons (God/ goddess) found from different archaeological contexts are institutionalized in the academic text. Where idols/ gods or goddesses become an art object or research material through different methods and techniques. The main focus of this article is to critically review the methods and techniques being used in the study of icons found within various archaeological contexts, which played a vital role in turning the icon into a thing to object. The students are explored to understand the reaction under the phenomenological reader s response theor . There e found the Goddess remain in the same mindscapic situation as sexual object. Besides, some theoretical approaches such as actor-network theory (ANT) of Brno Latour (1999), 94 Readers Responses Theory of Wolfgang Iser (1978), Representation theory of S. Hall (1997) and the aspect of the body of Foucault (Butler 1990) were used to understand the changes of perception of goddess/god to art objects. Through the process of objectification, the paper has tried to observe the becoming of things (gods/ goddess) into an object (art object) or a body material. Further reader response can be seen considering the theoretical approach, the body omnipotent as the reader's sexual expression. These analyses have affected conventional art history, especially concepts such as signs and semiotics. Discussing imagery as iconography in this way implies a critical "reading" of imagery that often attempts to explore social and cultural values. cv`UxKv i mv¤ ª`vwqK nvgjv evsjv‡`‡k Pjgvb wewfbœ NUbvi g‡a¨ LyeB Av‡jvwPZ| †emiKvwi gvbevwaKvi msMVb AvBb I mvwjk †K›`ª (AvmK)-Gi cwimsL¨vb Abyhvqx MZ bq eQ‡i evsjv‡`‡k msL¨vjNy m¤ ª`v‡qi Dci 3 nvRvi 679 wU nvgjv n‡q‡Q (c_g Av‡jv, 18-05-2022)| Gi g‡a¨ 1 nvRvi 559wU evwoNi fvsPzi I AwMœms‡hv‡Mi NUbv| GB mg‡q 442wU e¨emv cwZ v‡b nvgjv, fvsPzi I Av¸b †`qv n‡q‡Q| cwZgv, c~RvgÐc, gw›`‡i fvsPzi I AwMœms‡hv‡Mi NUbv N‡U‡Q 1 nvRvi 678wU| Gme nvgjvq AvnZ n‡q‡Q 862Rb wn›`y ag©vj¤^x| wbnZ n‡q‡Q 11 Rb| GQvov 2016, 2017 I 2020 mv‡j 10wU wn›`y cwievi‡K Rwg I evwo †_‡K D‡”Q` K‡i Rwg `L‡ji Awf‡hvM I‡V| Avm‡Ki cwZ‡e`b we‡køl‡Y †`Lv hvq MZ bq eQ‡i msL¨vjNy‡`i Dci me‡P‡q †ewk nvgjv n‡q‡Q 2014 mv‡j| G eQi RvZxq wbe©vPb cieZx© mwnsmZvi wkKvi nb wn›`yiv| 726wU wn›`y evwo-Ni, 193wU e¨emv cwZ vb I 247wU gw›`i-gÐ‡c nvgjv nq H eQi| me‡P‡q Kg nvgjv n‡q‡Q 2020 mv‡j gnvgvwii iæi mg‡q| Gmgq 12wU evwo I 3wU e¨emv cwZ v‡b nvgjvi Z_¨ i‡q‡Q Avm‡Ki cwZ‡e`‡b| Z‡e gw›`‡i nvgjv n‡q‡Q 67wU| msL¨vjNy‡`i Dci nvgjvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ NUbvmg~n n‡”Q 2012 mv‡j K·evRv‡i ivgyi †e × cwjø‡Z nvgjv, 2016 mv‡ji Kzwgjøvi c~RvgÐ‡c †KviAvb Aegvbbvi Awf‡hv‡M iscy‡ii gvwScvovmn †`‡ki wewfbœ ¯’v‡b mv¤úª`vwqK nvgjv| ii cZœZ‡ ¡ e¯‘ (object), cZœe¯‘ (artifact) Ges w_sm (things)Gi aviYv GLv‡b we¯…Z Kiv n‡jv| AvwfavwbK A‡_© e¯‘ (object) n‡”Q hv RvqMv `Lj K‡i, hvi fi Av‡Q Ges hv kw³ c‡qv‡M evav †`q Zv‡K e¯‘ e‡j| cvwZ vwbK cZœZ ¡ Abykxjbxi gva¨‡g e¯‘ (object) Avevi cwiYZ nq cZœe¯‘‡Z (artifact)| A_©vr cZœZvw ¡K †cw ‡Z gvbyl Øviv wbwg©Z, e¨e Z I cfvweZ †h‡Kvb cvß e¯‘B cZœZvw ¡K M‡elYvi gva¨‡g iƒcv wiZ nq cZœe¯‘‡Z| Avwki `k‡Ki gvSvgvwS‡Z ÷vb‡dvW© wek¦we`¨vj‡qi K‡qKRb Zvw ¡K cZœZ‡ ¡ e¯‘i aviYvi cvkvcvwk GKwU bZzb Nivbv wb‡q AvjvcPvwiZv iæ K‡ib| Rvg©vb `vk©wbK nvB‡WMvi (2002), eªæ‡bv jvZzi (1990), dz‡Kv (2002) Ges Ab¨vb¨‡`i Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g `k©bkv‡¯¿ w_s‡mi aviYvi m~ cvZ nq| cZœZ‡ ¡ w_s‡mi avibv wb‡q KvR K‡ib cwZmgev`x cZœZvw ¡Kiv| AvaywbK cc ev`x cZœZ‡ ¡ e¯‘i wbR¯^ m ¡vi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| †h wbR¯^ m vi gva¨‡g e¯‘ w_sm -G cwibZ nq| Bjonar Olsen (2010) Zvi In Defense of Things Archaeology and the Ontology of Object M‡ ’ w_sm-Gi avibv‡K wewfbœ Nivbvi Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨vi †P v K‡i‡Qb| Near to us are hat e s all call things but what is a thing? gvwU©b nvB‡WMv‡ii GB ms vqb‡K B. Olsen (2010) †d‡bv‡g‡bvjwRi †fZi †_‡K †evSvi †P v K‡i‡Qb| Zvi g‡Z e¯‘ hLb wbR¯^ m v cKvk Ki‡Q ZLb Zv w_sm n‡q DV‡Q| Ian Hodder (2012) Zvi Entangled M‡ ’ gvbyl Ges w_sm-Gi †h m¤ K© †mUv‡K gvbexq AwfÁZvi mv‡c‡ eyS‡Z AvMnx| wZwb Pratnatattva Vol. 28, June 2022 ej‡Qb, gvby‡li mv‡_ e¯‘i Pvi ai‡bi Av tm¤ ‡K©i K_v D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| Zvi g‡Z, gvbyl w_sm-Gi Dci wbf©ikxj; e¯‘ e¯‘i Dci wbf©ikxj; e¯‘ gvby‡li Dci wbf©ikxj; gvbyl gvby‡li Dci wbf©ikxj| GB wbf©ikxjZv Øviv wZwb gvbyl Ges w_sm-Gi m¤ K©Uv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z AvMnx wQ‡jb| Zvi g‡Z, gvbyl ¯^vfvweK c‡qvRb †_‡KB w_sm ˆZwi K‡i hv Zvi †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ ev Zvi eyw×e„w K Dbœq‡bi GKUv cKvk| G‡K wZwb Positive depend e‡j‡Qb| Avevi †mB w_smG e¨env‡ii d‡j †m Ggbfv‡e wbf©ikxj n‡q c‡o †h wb‡Ri ` Zv cKvk KivUv mxwgZ n‡q c‡o †hUv‡K wZwb Negetive depend ej‡Qb| cZœZvw ¡K M‡elYvq e¯‘ n‡”Q ZvB hv gvby‡li Øviv wbwg©Z, e¨e Z I cfvweZ| wK ‘ e¯‘‡K e¨env‡ii GKwU ch©v‡q wM‡q †mUv gvby‡li Dci Zvi cfve we¯vi K‡i Zvi GKUv G‡Rw ˆZwi K‡i hvi Kvi‡Y cwZmgev`x cZœZvw ¡KMY e¯‘‡K w_sm ej‡Z AvMnx n‡q c‡ob| gvbyl Zvi wbR c‡qvR‡bB w_sm ˆZwi K‡i| †hgb, cv‡M wZnvwmK mg‡q gvbyl wkKv‡ii Rb¨ nvZ KzVvi wbg©vY K‡i| GB nvZ KzVv‡ii gva¨‡g hLb †m wkKv‡i mdj n‡”Q Zvi gv‡b Zvi wbwg©Z KzVvi (e¯‘) Kg© g| Kg© g nIqvi ga¨ w`‡q nvZKzVv‡ii mv‡_ wµqvkxjZv hy³ n‡”Q Ges gvby‡li mv‡_ nvZKzVv‡ii GK ai‡bi wbf©ikxjZv ˆZwi n‡”Q hvi gva¨‡g nvZKzVvi e¯‘ n‡Z w_sm-G cwiYZ n‡”Q| gvby‡li mv‡c‡ B w_sm Aw¯¡ ¡kxj n‡q D‡V‡Q| Avgiv GKB e¯‘ Av‡iKwU e¯‘i Dci wbf©ikxjZvi ga¨ w`‡qI w_sm n‡q DV‡Q| †hgb GKUv Kw¤ DUv‡ii gwbUi, g‡Wg, Kx-‡evW©, gv`vi †evW© i‡q‡Q| Gme¸‡jvi wµqvkxjZvi ga¨ w`‡qB Kw¤ DUvi wµqvkxj n‡”Q| d‡j cwZwU Ae‡R± e¨env‡ii ga¨ w`‡q †hgb w_sm n‡q D‡V‡Q Avevi w_sm Av‡iKUv w_sm-Gi mv‡_ wµqvkxjZv eRvq ivLvi Rb¨ wbf©ikxj| Avevi, gvbyl H wkKvi Kivi Rb¨ nvZKzVviUvi Dci wbf©ikxj| hw` GUv nvwi‡q hvq Z‡e Hw`‡bi wkKvi n‡e bv| d‡j gvbyl GUvi Dci cy‡iv wbf©ikxj n‡q co‡Q †hUv‡K Avqvb †nvWvi (2011) e‡j‡Qb Entangled A_©vr e¯‘i mv‡_ e¯‘i; e¯‘i mv‡_ gvby‡li; gvby‡li mv‡_ gvby‡li RwUj m¤ ‡K©I mgxKib| Avevi †mB mgxKi‡Yi ga¨ w`‡qB e¯‘ cwibZ n‡”Q w_sm-G| Z_¨m~Î AvLZvi kvnxb (m¤cvw`Z) (2007) mZx I ¯^iši - evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ bvix, c_g L , mvwnZ¨ cKvk, XvKv, c„ vt 29-32| Bgivb, gvmD`; mvweKzb bvnvi, †g‡nw` nvmvb, iv‡eqv Av³vi (2011) evsjv‡`k RvZxq Rv`yNi Gi 17 I 18 b¤^i M¨vjvwi‡Z cZœ-cÖwZgvq †iwc‡R‡›Ukb GKwU ch©v‡jvPbv g~jK we‡kølY, b„we vb cw Kv, Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vjq, mvfvi, XvKv: 129-45| Bgivb gvmD` (m¤úvw`Z) (2020) w wUK¨vj Z ¡wPšv, wbD Gm Avi wcw›Us †cm, 10/1 we †K `vm †ivW XvKv- 1100, c„: 345-46, 380-81, 391| VvKyi, Aebx›`«bv_ ( 1960) fviZ wk‡ g~wZ, wek¦we`¨v msM«n, KwjKvZv700073| c«mv`, ivg (1834) wek¦‡Kvl beg LÛ, ¯^v¶iZv c«Kvkb, KwjKvZv| f~uBqv, †gvKv‡¤§j (2015) PÆM«vg wek¦we`¨vjq Rv`yN‡ii avZe Dgv-g‡nk¦i, weòy I m~h© fv¯‹h©t c«wZgvj¶Y I wk ‰kjx, evsjv‡`k BwZnvm mwgwZ, BwZnvm wefvM, PÆM«vg wek¦we`¨vjq, c„: 69-71| fÆvPvh¨©, †M ‡ok¦i (2015) g~wZ©Z ¡, evsjvwcwWqv, XvKv: GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU| https://bn.banglapedia.org/index.php/%E0%A6%AE% E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4 %E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8 D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC, cÖKvwkZ 2 Gwcj 2015 Ges A ©RvwjK c‡ek 2 Gwcj 2022| fÆvPvh¨©, nsmbvivqY (1997) wn›`y‡`i †`e †`ex (Z…Zxq ce©), c~Yg©~`«Y, KwjKvZv t dvg©v ‡K Gj Gg c«vB‡fU wjwg‡UW| 95 Pratnatattva Vol. 28, June 2022 fÆvPvh©, W. webq‡Zvl (1362) †eŠ ‡`i †`e‡`ex, wPivqZ c«Kvkb c«vB‡fU wjwg‡UW, 12 ew¼g P¨vUvwR© w÷«U, KjKvZv- 700073| ˆg‡ q, A q Kzgvi (1320) gvbmx cwÎKv, AM«vnvqY | kv¯¿x, nic«mv` (1320) †eŠ Gwfb¨y, KwjKvZv| a¤§©, c~e ©vkv wjwg‡UW, wc-13, M‡Yk P›`« †mb,¯^vaxb (2008) cÖvPxbZg mf¨Zv, wPišb m¤ ªxwZ Ges (cZœ) m¤ ‡`i Rb¨ e¨vKzj evmbv! 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