. . . , А А А А Within the so-called general-factual meaning of the ipf. aspect two fundamentally different variants must be distinguished, ТrrОspОМЭТЯО ШП ЭСО ХОбТМКХ sОmКЧЭТМs ШП ЭСО prОНТМКЭО. FТrsЭ, КЧ ТpП. prОНТМКЭО mКв rОПОr ЭШ ЭСО ФТЧН, Т.О., ЭСО “ЭвpО” ШП К situation. This meaning will be termed generalized-factual (oЛoЛščОnno-ПКkЭТčОЬk NSV). Second, it may refer to an individual situation, К “ЭШФОЧ”. TСТs mОКЧТЧР аТХХ ЛО ЭОrmОН singular-factual (ОНТnТčno-ПКkЭТčОЬk NSV). In neither case is the situation conceptualized as „ШЧРШТЧР“ (processual) or as a case of unbounded repetition. The article shows why this distinction is relevant both for general (nexus) negation and special negation. 1. - - . , , - , « » (type) . . . Д 1959: 267] « - ». , , , . . (token) . . . « - » Д 1983; 2007]. 133 , , . 134 (1) . (1) . - , (type) , я , , . (1a) – - ? – , / . . - , . - , ( - ) Д–SPEC –DEF].135 133 . . Д : 1983; 2007] « - » , . 134 Д 2013] - (generalized-factual) « » (general-factual). « » - - , - (generalized-factual) - (singular- factual) . «type» «token», « » « », , .« » (token) « » (type). . ДHutton 1990; Mueller-Reichau 2011]. « » (token) « - » (type) (±AKTUALITÄT). 135 (non-specific indefiniteness) (specific indefiniteness). , , , . (1 ) There never / not once has been a renovation of the apartment. . 136 (1 ) акая , , / . , (type) . (1) - . , , , , . . , , , (2). (2) – , ? – , . . , . . Д-SPEC +DEF]. . (2 ) The renovation of the apartment has not yet taken place. , , , ДWeiss 1983]. (2 ) . - , . , , , , . - - , - [Dik 1987: 60-63; 2000: 296-303]. (2 ) – ? – , . . . , , . - , , , . , . , - - . , , . ?, ? . 1. , ? ? , - , , , (3). (3) , ? ? - , (type) . , , (token) , , . . ДBreu 2003: 29-31; 2007: 210-213]. 136 such ‛ ʼ . [Landman; Morzycki 2003]. 2. - , , , (3 ). (3 ) , ? , ? 3. , , (3 ). (3 ) - , ? , ? - . , . , , , . , , , , , . , . 2. , , ? ? , , , , . (4). (4) , ? ? , . , . Д+SPEC +DEF]. , . . (4 ) – , ? ? – , . . . , , . . , , Д+SPEC +DEF]. , . , (4 ), , . , . , - . (4 ) – , ? ? – , , - . - . : . , . . [1996: 48-52] « », . ДGrønn 2004, , 2007] «Presuppositional Factual Imperfective». , . , , , Accomplishment- , , . Achievement- , , , , , , . (5). (5) – ? ? – , / . , . Achievement- , . . Д2008: 13] « - » , Accomplishment- . , , , , («Pure Achievements» . ДVendler 1997: 103], «Happenings» . ДBach 1986: 6], .137 (6) – , ? ? – , , - . Pure-Achievement , . . (6) . , (6 ). (6 ) – , ? ? – , . , . (6 ) - , (6 ). (6 ) акая , , . (6 ) , , , . , , . , (6 ), (7). (7) – , ? ? – , . , . , (type) , , , (type) « ». Д–SPEC –DEF]. - . - Д+SPEC +DEF] Д–SPEC –DEF] . , , . (7a) акая , / , . , , , (type) , . , , , ?, , (8 ), , (8 ). (8 ) - , ? ? – . , . (8 ) – , ? ? – . , . 137 , , . - , А ? ?, , , , . [Mehlig 2011]. , , . , , , , . (9) - , ? ? - , аша // . , . , , , . , , . K. ДAdamzik 1987, 362]. « » (kontrastive Prädikationsnegation). , , (9) , , . , , («Pure Achievements» «Happenings»), , , , . . , . , , . . , , . (10) – , ? ? – , аша // . , . 3. , , ? ?, , (token), , , , . , , , , , , , , . . , , . . , . , , Д+SPEC +DEF], Д-SPEC +DEF]. (11) , ? ? , , . , , (11), .138 ? , . (11 ). 138 , , , , . , . ? , genetivus auctoris. . ДMehlig 2004]. (11 ) - , ? ? – , / . , . , , , . , (4 ) . ? , - - , , , (token), (type) . (11 ) - . (11 ) – , ? ? – , И . , , , . . (11 ) – , ? ? – , / И . , , . Accomplishment- , , , . , (11 ) - , , . , [– SPEC +DEF]. , , . (11 ) The ЭrКnЬlКЭТon oП ЭСО ЭОбЭ Лв SКЬСК СКЬn’Э ЭКkОn plКМО вОЭ. (11) - . я , , , . . - , . , , . (12) – , ? ? – , . И . . - я , , , «Present Perfect» «Simple Past» . (12 ) - Who has translated the text given to you yesterday? Sasha? - No, not Sasha. He dТdn’t translate ЭСО ЭОбЭ. HО НТНn’Э СКЯО Эo. - , , , , , , , (token) (type) . (12 ) – , ? ? – , . , . - (type) , (type) « » . Д–SPEC –DEF]. - , Д–SPEC +DEF] Д–SPEC –DEF] . . «Simple Past», - я , . (12 ) There was no translation of the text by Sasha. . (12 ) акая , , . , , , - - . - , . . (token) . , - . - (type) . , , . , (token) (type) , , , Д 1985: 107]. (13) . (14) . Д-SPEC +DEF], ё . (13 ) The hotel has not been built. Д–SPEC –DEF] . (14 ) No hotel has been built. 4. , (type) , , , , . (15) - , ? ? , . . , - , , , , , . - . (15 ), (15 ) , (type) , . (15 ) – - , ? , ? – , . , . (15 ) – - , ? , ? – , . 5. , , « - » (generalized-factual ipf. aspect) « - » (singular-factual ipf. aspect). , . - , (type) . - . - . , , (type) (token) (type). - . , , Д–SPEC +DEF] Д–SPEC -DEF] . - . - , , . - , , , . . (token) , , , . - . - . . , , . , 2007 - . , . . : // . № 4. .51-62. 2007 – . . . . .: , 2007. 2012 – . . . // , . .: 2012. .286-293. 1959 - . . . ( ) // . . 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V / . ё: Д ]– : «Tanaka Print», 2015. – 350 . ISBN 978-4-905726-35-7