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AjjJb^^ l)I ^ J Allwlj !._■ .<g*' fjl i^jj (^IaQ^uA <l)b^pA iaLl^mii* ^bS* lya*^ ^1 j Cl***il»X* JuLw J ^^yfcfcjy ^Lal^ ub»^,^j ^ .U*Ai|j jj.<a^ pJb (_^JU.ajjAS (^lA^b j ^l^^laAa b jl^l ^Oi' •'>^' jljil J-i ^j*'^ ji^ J^b*. ^ ^^Is-bAj ^l<^b J' ** OL»^yA^ ^-* --“b" bb|^i ^ CliWiiJ bM ^1 <0 'a^b.« itJ^M^bw ^^^b^ jl jj C-^l j_jjj-i.^ ctt^ J ‘OlJJ-^ (jl uljd^ ob« jl IJ (^bshlo J jyiS jjjl ! Ajl^AMib jLaly jyA^ ^J* jl jt^ J ^^ <y^2»A ^bbj^^ ^^bbC«J^ . C>Wiwl iji\rA jl jj ^3^b* jl y'^il Jbii,M» iiiZjji^ ji wA^j}) aAmIS* ^ Onwl pj» jLajj»A ^bbl !AJjjf^y» ^y*£^ ^^Ijj^ i_^Lfe#jjlj jjjj ji (^l*U>.b j ^J>s^ jljiC’4,i b ol^l 1^ ^ bb^^ <1 A>alyM b ijl ^^biAwib J '^jy j ^LmA j)jl ^ly* y^ y^ C^Aibil J^y* ^Jj^jb j^t (^bbii_M;ALj^jl^ J jL^i-^l J?jAm y\y ji AjljIj a^ iy p^>t~...... •'AO . c^b jl ^bjl^ AAmJ pJb jLajpJb aS CmwI yA^itJk I jl j;ji 4Jafl'l A^ ^yAA jr^Aj ?OAmIj OwIjjI ^y^tLA jl j y^jj jbj p4b j iy <,.^Va«» ^ >,,^\m* __^Ij bfl* AOLa f«l«Jbj)jlb . Cmm^Aj Ij ^l4jb^<..^^b J t^AAAA^ rf* > J jljjl p^y ^\y i^jb; 4^ ^1 jjil .C%wl iJjLa jljj-^ yefAsb i^AjyA»%:A y\ j^l^^ (^bbjl j ty-XS i^\y y-*’ _) A««■■'»^^yt^Aa jl sAjjbw ^jbb-a 4^ iAm 41miI^ fXA jJ J Ai*A jljj^ ^ CmwI (^jbl jl AOLa j.^..'^,*^- ^^ (A tjLw JImi <jt 4^UI.m»* df ^IaiIji J JLM^ ^ ^MUmhitkA ^1 _^LmW t-S*^ ^ -f ^Jt7!>fklt*' ✓ ^1j j i^^Ldisl (^Ij>c>.<?^. juw^_^ jl^ ^JMM^^y» ^Ji,JJ>^ jl jj<> jl ^Lfe<UM^ At j.^^At OmwI (jL^yi.i<y Jg_^fti>iw c»»iL»lt> ...LmiL) OJLm j3><Jio ^J^ tZ0-J^^ Ij J^l^J Atj ^1 j CmmI^ >„^jjb^ ji o^L«^ ^ ^»-'*fc^ 0«*aJ'1 6_J^>) (^VftAC'JLfri j ■■■* (3** J i,^l«l4 j O^ iJtI^J^ J-^ J2AS ((Cm U''» 3I jjcfflj 31,^'^AI Sjl^l i^jjMi^ jfijf jJ j Juu 1^-3 ' oJUi^^jA^ ^■.,1jA^1 45* ( ^CmC-^ ^ ^ ‘* •* ^ O^jd^ . t »ui«!wlj '^.yii ^ jlma ^3^c«J^»««i>4 j ‘^>L5i .V^T 2. “*^'~*^5*^ J 'S<J‘ j» ‘(ji^ j* ^iy*^ ‘0^iy***r Jy-»J 2. David Hume 3. David Hume, 7!be Treatise on Human Nafure, p. 252. 4. Construction 5. Benedict Anderson 6. Imagined Communities 7. Anthony Smith 8. Ethnosymbolism 9. Primordial :4j Jw^;^ C^y ^1 •^' Eric Taylor Woods and Mira Debs, ‘ Towards a cultural sociology ofnations and nationalism', pp. 607.8. 11. Nathalie Heinrich 12. Essentialism 13. Nathalie Heinrich, Ce quen'estpas I'identitd, pp. 25.37. 14. Sacred Ideology 15. WoodsandDebs,Towardsaculturalsociology',p. 608. j jL^ *j ^ c—1 Jjlx- lSsj_^l uUS’Lp uC jj ■^^J• tjUi-l sea to shining sea jl »ju—.>P . jjb »jl.ii ^Ijl j oW* 17. Gregory B. Lee, China Imagined. From European Fantasy to Spectacular Power, pp. 23.24,3304. 18. Ghererdo Gnoli 19. Gherardo Gnoli, The Idea of Iran, p. 178. Also see the discussion in Sarah Bowen Savant, The New Muslims of Post-Conquest Iran, pp. 8-12. 20. Patricia Crone 21. Patricia Crone, The Nadvist Prophets ofEarly Islamic Islam. 22. Nativism 23. Hasan Ansari, 'Patricia Crone’s contribution to Iranian studies’, pp. 45304. 24. Hugh Kennedy 25. C. E. Bosworth 26. C.E. Bosworth,‘The heritage of rulership in early Islamic Iran'.p. 53. 27. The Cycle ofJustice 28. Hugh Kennedy, ‘The survival of iranianness'. lA; J .t.^ plj;*' Ebsan Yarshater, ‘Iranian National History' iC.itilj jyia^ ^ ‘The Persian presence in the Islamic world'. 29. Florian Schwarz, ‘Politische Krise und kulturelle Transformation im mongolenzeitlichen Iran’. jijt.jbS'jjDorothea Krawulski ui' Mongolen undllcban^. Jdeologie md Geschichte 30. Bert Fragner, "The mental mapping of Iran', p. 64. 31. Bert Fragner, Die Persophonie. 32. Charles Melville 33. Charles Melville, ‘The Mongol and Timurid periods', pp. 166-70. • Pf .. -. .\ ^ .TT 35. See Maria Szuppe, ‘L'e volution de I'image de Timour et des Timourides'. .Jijju j Odd X ^ I^\: .fp 38. PieG-o Della Valle 39. Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro Della ValieilPellegrino, \ol. I,p. 657. 40. Samuel P. Huntington, Tbe Clash ofCivilizations and the RemaJdngoftfieWbrW Order, pp. 20.2I^as cited in Zygmunt Bauman, Rctrofop/a,p. 163. 41. Dick Davis 42. Dick Davis,'Iran and Aniran',pp. 39fF.,46. Ji ^bkbl^juj b ^LLmI .f T Giorgo Rota, 'Safavids against Turkmen in the early seventeenth century', p. 37. Rudi Matthee, ‘Between aloofness and fascination'. '.*j (jjb^ii)W^ J^bij «pj>.L>jb.Uy Ahmad Dallal, 'Appropriating the past', pp. 333-34. :4j .AJjb ji bj_^L.il .td .Y^f lY ^ ‘oi^ 46. Abbas Amanat,‘Introduction: Iranian identity boundaries, a historical overview’, p. 12 . . i_a I .Iaja* :<0 • YV ^ 0^ c>b*3<j^~ •z^.^jyiLA <o ^1 Ct'J jl^*0 ^*1 ^ i*^ j Y^PY <^Y ^‘*^A *jU *^»j Y^ jXk t .PdT jPX «AV .O^r .OTP .fp^ .fOY .rpf .Y^^ .T-^ .Yf .YT .P A^ Jla»! ys''y. ‘-^^Y ,Af\ .ATY .YAY .Yn .PTY .O^P .0^0 .A-Y tt^yu^ jAS- o\j3 jS j '—*1^ jh j^L»Lm 51. EskandarBegMonshi, History of Shah‘Abbas, vol. I,pp. 83,122,124,643,856. 52.Ibid.,vol. 1, p.441. • T*'f ^Ja lyt^gVi»k\<M >^J^Ji For an analysis of this so-called 'belt letter', see Colin Michell, The Practice of Politics in Safavid Iran, pp.87-81. APY .6- .ra Af .Y .r kU j j\Syi\ .^1141^1 JL . at kjiij* j j^u*.i*u Sjjj 4- .|.jj jd^ (.ji aU. .d-? .ffi6 .ffA .vac .raf .rta .rrA .>pf iCumI kiAiti'i kidlj (NaVP^AV) A Chronicle of the Reign of Shah 'Abbas, ed. Kioumars Ghereghlou, introd. with Charles Melville, p. xxxvi [hereafter cit. FazliBeg, Chronicle]. .rat .YTA .r .aa 56. Fazli Beg, Qironicle, passim. 57. Ibid., pp. 2,5,6,32, 58, 59,73,83,253,504,541, 558, 565, 591, 603, 622,712,724,732, 743,772,783,965. For references to Iran's army, its soldiers and their commander-in-chief, seepp. 89,606,738,747,768,778,797. lY’Y'^ ^ »^Y’P i^A laV la^ i.T'V®' J u*^ o^ji^ 1^1 .aA .aA^ .aNP .Tva m .rY^ .Y^ ^^ap .Y .a^ .Yf- .otkA.P- 61. For this, see Matthee, ‘Between aloofness and fascination', pp. 222-23. 63. V. Minorsky,ed. andtrans., TadbkirataI-mulUk,Ve!rsiantcxX,ip. l,tr. p. 41. 66. Pierre Bourdieu, TTieLogicof?ract/ce,p. 56. 67. Poullet d’Armainville 68. Poullet [d'Armainville], Nouvei/esre/atfonsdu Levant vol. II, pp. 217-18. 69. 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