Population
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Population
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Population
The U.S. Census Bureau is the leading source of statistical information about the nation’s people. Our population statistics come from decennial censuses, which count the entire U.S. population every ten years, along with several other surveys.
Subtopics
Age and Sex
Focusing on a population’s age and sex composition is one of the most basic ways to understand population change over time.
Ancestry
Ancestry refers to a person’s ethnic origin or descent, "roots," or heritage, or the place of birth of the person or the person’s parents or ancestors.
Children
All Census Bureau demographic surveys collect information about children. The information collected varies.
Computer and Internet Use
The U.S. Census Bureau has been collecting data on computers and Internet use sporadically since 1984.
Foreign-Born
The foreign-born population includes anyone who is not a U.S. citizen at birth, including those who have become U.S. citizens through naturalization.
Hispanic Origin
People who identify with the terms “Hispanic” or “Latino” are those who classify themselves in one of the specific Hispanic or Latino categories.
International
The U.S. Census Bureau conducts demographic, economic, and geographic studies of other countries and strengthens statistical development around the world.
Language Use
Language use, English-speaking ability, and linguistic isolation data are collected in the ACS.
Migration/Geographic Mobility
Migration and geographic mobility both refer to the movement of people within and across boundaries, such as county or state lines.
Older Population and Aging
Detailed information and statistics on population older population and aging.
Population Estimates
Annual estimates for the U.S., states, counties, cities, etc. Components of population change (births, deaths and migration) for U.S., states and counties.
Population Projections
The Population Projections Program produces population estimates for future dates. Projections include assumptions about future births, deaths, and migration.
Race
The data on race and ethnicity were derived from answers to the question on race and ethnicity that was asked of individuals in the United States.
Racial and Ethnic Diversity
The concept of racial and ethnic diversity refers to the representation and relative size of different racial and ethnic groups within a population.
Veterans
The U.S. Census Bureau currently collects data on veterans of the Armed Forces using the ACS, CPS, and SIPP.
News
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Facts for Features & Special Editions
Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month: May 2026
April 21, 2026
In 1992, Congress established May as Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month.
Press Release
Most Common First Names and Last Names in the 2020 Census
April 14, 2026
New data highlight the most frequently reported first names and last names in the United States based on responses to the 2020 Census.
Press Release
New 2025 U.S. Population Estimates by Age and Sex
April 09, 2026
The U.S. Census Bureau released a downloadable file containing estimates of the nation’s resident population by single year of age and sex as of July 1, 2025.
Data
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Population and Housing Unit Estimates
Current population estimates are available for the nation, states, counties, cities and towns, and metropolitan and micropolitan areas.
Population Projections
The Population Projections Program produces projections of the United States resident population by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin.
ACS County-County Migration Flows
These files contain the complete county-to-county migration flows by age, sex, race, or Hispanic origin using ACS 5-Year estimates.
Publications
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Population
First Name Data From the 2020 Census
April 2026
This brief describes the overall frequency of first names, as well as some of the basic demographic characteristics that are associated with first names.
Population
Last Name Data From the 2020 Census
April 2026
This brief describes the overall frequency of first names, as well as some of the basic demographic characteristics that are associated with first names.
Fertility
Social and Economic Characteristics of Currently Unmarried Women With a Recent Birth: 2023
January 28, 2026
This report examines the social and economic characteristics of unmarried women with a recent birth using data from the 2023 American Community Survey.
Working Papers
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Language Use
Examining Multilingualism in the United States Using ACS Language Write-ins
January 2026
This paper uses a text-processing algorithm to reclassify ACS language write-ins and analyze differences among English-only, bilingual, and multilingual groups.
Hispanic Origin
Race Reporting Among the Hispanic Population: 2020
December 20, 2024
This paper presents data on how the self-reported Hispanic or Latino population reported their race in the 2020 Census.
Race
Reporting of Middle Eastern and North African Responses in the 2020 Census Race Question
December 20, 2024
This report presents findings from the 2020 Census on the reporting of Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) identities in the question on race.
America Counts: Stories
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Population
Eight of the Nation’s Top 15 Last Names Stayed the Same Since 1790
April 14, 2026
Newly released names data from the 2020 Census show which first and last names are the most popular across the nation.
Age
U.S. Population Aging as Nation Turns 250
April 09, 2026
New population estimates show women still outnumbered men at older ages, but the gap is narrowing due to lower mortality rates and historical factors.
Population
Some Like it Hot: County Domestic Migration Trends From 2011 to 2025
March 26, 2026
Counties that once attracted droves of domestic migrants have cooled off and other counties have replaced them as popular migration destinations.
Population
Net International Migration Down in Every State and Most Counties
March 26, 2026
Census Bureau used new methodology to improve accuracy of county population estimates released today.
You May Be Interested In
Data Tool
U.S. and World Population Clock
See U.S. population by date, region, age and sex, and the top 10 areas by people and density. The world view has basic facts, trade, and projections by country.
Visualization
America's Foreign-Born in the Last 50 Years
Information on the dramatic changes that have taken place in America's foreign-born population in the past 50 years.
Genealogy
Information collected in the Decennial Census of Population and Housing on individuals does not become available to the public until after 72 years.
Page Last Revised - March 12, 2026