Research in programming Wikidata/Tennis - Wikiversity

Research in programming Wikidata/Tennis - Wikiversity
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Research in programming Wikidata
Author: Ukpere Williams
This chapter is dedicated to
tennis(Q847)
Wikidata object analysis. Using SPARQL queries executed on Wikidata objects of tennis type, several tasks were fulfilled. These include the Introduction to Tennis using Wikidata , a list of tennis players, list of tennis competitions and players whom have participated, a list of most successful tennis players and players with the highest amount of trophies and awards .
Introduction to Tennis using Wikidata
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Let's get a list of all tennis competitions using SPARQL Queries.We make use of a property
instance of (P31)
with a type or value of
tennis tournaments (Q13219666)
. This query has no limits and is made to list out tournaments with & without references. If we run this query without the condition (FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?item  wdt:P585  [] }) ,it makes a list of all the years tennis competitions were played and it then produces a result of 44,577 events , but the main idea of our task is to list tennis competitions around the Globe and not the years those tennis competitions were played. So we make use of the condition (FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?item  wdt:P585  [] }) where
P585
is the time these events took place and we then remove this filter in other to list only tennis competitions.Lets take a look at the SPARQL code below;
# List tournaments around the world
SELECT
DISTINCT
?item
?itemLabel
WHERE
?item
wdt
P31
wdt
P279
wd
Q13219666
FILTER
NOT EXISTS
?item
wdt
P585
[]
# Filter out objects without point in time
SERVICE
wikibase
label
bd
serviceParam
wikibase
language
"en"
Above is a SPARQL query which gets a list of all tournaments and lawn tennis games that are played all around the world. It lists 5410 results
SPARQL-query
Tennis Players
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Female
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When it comes to females tennis ,there is no tennis without Serena, and no Serena without tennis. Serena Williams has undoubtedly made an impact on tennis as one of the strongest and most dominant women to ever play the sport. Since the late 1990s, Serena and Venus have dominated the women's tennis world. They have captured 14 Grand Slam Doubles championships overall. Serena now holds the record for the most Grand Slam singles titles by a tennis player in the Open Era, whether a man or a woman, with 23 titles, including the 2017 Australian Open. Serena's skills have undoubtedly stood the test of time and opposition. She has won the 2017 Australian Open, and she has won Grand Slam tournaments over an 18-year span beginning in 1999. Serena reached four Grand Slam finals before quitting tennis after the 2022 US Open, having missed most of 2017 due to pregnancy. However, she was unable to tie Margaret Court's record of 24 titles. I think Serena can now legitimately be called the greatest female tennis player of all time. Her 23-10 record in Grand Slam finals and her high level of play over a very long career make the argument convincing. No offense intended to Steffi, Martina, or Margaret, but Serena has earned the title of greatest of all time.
Let's make use of SPARQL Query to get a list of female players all around the world. We make use of two conditions. The first condition has a property of
occupation (P106)
and a type
tennis player (Q10833314)
,while the second has a property of
sex or gender (P21)
and a matching data type
female (Q6581072)
# List tournaments around the world
SELECT
DISTINCT
?item
?itemLabel
WHERE
?item
wdt
P106
wd
Q10833314
# occupation is tennis player
wdt
P21
wd
Q6581072
# sex is female
SERVICE
wikibase
label
bd
serviceParam
wikibase
language
"en"
This query generates 5409 results
SPARQL-query
We will make use of SPARQL to Rank the number of awards received by the Top ten Female tennis players using a Bar chart.In this query there are two properties
occupation (P106)
and
P21 (sex or gender)
with a matching data type or value of
tennis player (Q10833314)
and
female (Q6581072)
respectively.We then make use of ?num_awards to also list the number of awards received along side the item label.We notice that the results are scattered and need to be arranged . We make use of the statement ORDER BY DESC(?num_awards),we also use the limit of 10 to limit the number of results listed because we only want to show the top ten female tennis players with the highest number of awards.
# List to get female players with the highest awards
SELECT
DISTINCT
?item
?itemLabel
?num_awards
WHERE
SERVICE
wikibase
label
bd
serviceParam
wikibase
language
"[AUTO_LANGUAGE]"
SELECT
DISTINCT
?item
COUNT
?statement2
AS
?num_awards
WHERE
?item
P106
ps
P106
wdt
P279
))
wd
Q10833314
# Occupation is tennis player
?item
P21
ps
P21
wdt
P279
))
wd
Q6581072
# Sex or gender is Female
?item
P166
?statement2
GROUP BY
?item
ORDER BY
DESC
?num_awards
LIMIT
10
# Only ten players will be listed
ORDER BY
DESC
?num_awards
# Arrange in order of highest awards
Fig 1: Bar chart of female players ranked according to awards received
Above it is clear that Serena has the highest career awards followed by Steffi. The above was made using SPARQL bar chart and the image above is a screenshot of the results.
SPARQL-query
Male
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There is no doubt of his glory in the sporting tennis world and his many victories.He is loved by many and he has been voted as the Greatest of all time Male players. Djokovic, who is 35 years old and in the latter stages of his career, can undoubtedly win more Grand Slam championships. Rafael Nadal, who has 22 Grand Slam titles, is the only player ahead of him with 21. It's also difficult to consider Djokovic anything less than the greatest of all time when he spent a record 373 weeks at the top of the rankings. It was evident that Novak Djokovic was the best player in the world in 2021 after his dominant start to the season, which included victories at the Australian Open, French Open, and Wimbledon. By defeating Rafael Nadal in the 2021 French Open semifinals, he made it abundantly clear that he is capable of defeating Rafa on his preferred surface. In the 2021 Wimbledon Championship, Djokovic was dominant, dropping just two sets en route to defeating Matteo Berrettini of Italy in four sets. Despite the tennis world's eager anticipation, Djokovic was unable to complete the calendar Grand Slam by winning all four majors in 2021.
In the US Open final of 2021, Djokovic lost to Daniil Medvedev in straight sets, which indicates that either he is losing ground to younger competitors or that they have arrived. Djokovic has experienced turmoil in 2022. Due to his immunization status, Novak was unable to compete in Australia. He was also defeated by Rafa in the quarterfinals of Paris. However, Novak bounced back to win Wimbledon with ease. Due to a Rafa injury, the ideal final with Rafa was not to be. Due to his vaccination history, Djokovic was also forced to withdraw from the 2022 US Open.Novak Djokovic currently holds the title of greatest of all time thanks to his track record of multiple Major victories on all surfaces and his advantage in head-to-head matches against both Federer and Nadal.
Let's make use of SPARQL Query to get a list of male players all around the world. We make use of two conditions. The first condition has a property of
occupation(P106)
and a type
tennis player (Q10833314)
, while the second has a property of
sex or gender (P21)
and a matching data type
male (Q6581097)
# List tournaments around the world
SELECT
DISTINCT
?item
?itemLabel
WHERE
?item
wdt
P106
wd
Q10833314
# occupation is tennis player
wdt
P21
wd
Q6581097
# sex is male
SERVICE
wikibase
label
bd
serviceParam
wikibase
language
"en"
This query produces 6954 results
SPARQL-query
We will make use of SPARQL to Rank the number of awards received by the Top ten male tennis players using a Bar chart.In this query there are two properties
occupation (P106)
and
P21 (sex or gender)
with a matching data type or value of
tennis player (Q10833314)
respectively. We then make use of ?num_awards to also list the number of awards received along side the item label. We notice that the results are scattered and need to be arranged . We make use of the statement ORDER BY DESC(?num_awards),we also use the limit of 10 to limit the number of results listed because we only want to show the top ten male tennis players with the highest number of awards.
# List to get male players with the highest awards
SELECT
DISTINCT
?item
?itemLabel
?num_awards
WHERE
SERVICE
wikibase
label
bd
serviceParam
wikibase
language
"[AUTO_LANGUAGE]"
SELECT
DISTINCT
?item
COUNT
?statement2
AS
?num_awards
WHERE
?item
P106
ps
P106
wdt
P279
))
wd
Q10833314
# Occupation is tennis player
?item
P21
ps
P21
wdt
P279
))
wd
Q6581097
# Sex or gender is Female
?item
P166
?statement2
GROUP BY
?item
ORDER BY
DESC
?num_awards
LIMIT
10
# Only ten players will be listed
ORDER BY
DESC
?num_awards
# Arrange in order of highest awards
Fig 2 : Bar chart used in ranking male tennis players according to the number of awards they have won
The above was made using SPARQL bar chart and the image above is a screenshot of the results
SPARQL-query
Competitions
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In the first section (about tennis), we made use of a SPARQL query to make a list of all the Tennis tournaments and competitions around the world. In this section we will talk about the 5 most popular competitions around the world.
Wimbledon Championship
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The Wimbledon Championships is considered by the majority of tennis players to be the world's best tennis event. Wimbledon attracts a lot of attention because it is one of the four Grand Slam competitions, and for good reason. Since 1877 (1884 for women), the tournament has been held at the All-England Club in London on a grass field, with the exception of the World Wars (1915–1918, 1940–1945), and the COVID–19 Pandemic (2020). All of the best players in the world participate in this tournament when they are healthy, and for many of them, winning the competition is their greatest dream.
Let use SPARQL query to list past winners of the Wimbledon Championship. In this query we will make use of three conditions. The first condition has a property of
Part of (P361)
and a matching value of
Wimbledon Championship (Q41520)
and the second condition has a property of
point in time (P585)
without a matching type and the third property
winner (P1346)
has no data type as well. This Query produces 1162 results.
# List to get winners of the wimbledon champuionship
SELECT
?year
?winnerLabel
?nationalityLabel
?sexLabel
WHERE
?event
wdt
P361
wdt
P31
wd
Q41520
# Instance of wimbledon championship
wdt
P585
?year
# Date won
wdt
P1346
?winner
# winner
?winner
wdt
P27
?nationality
# Nationality of winner
wdt
P21
?sex
# Sex or gender of player
SERVICE
wikibase
label
bd
serviceParam
wikibase
language
"[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en"
ORDER BY
DESC
?year
# arrange in the other of the year
SPARQL-query
US Open
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The United States Open is ranked number two on this list and is the second of the four Grand Slams. Since its founding as the US National Championships in 1881 (1887 for women), it has been held annually. In 1968, it changed its name to the US Open. Before settling in the New York City borough of Queens in 1968, the competition was held at numerous locations across the country for many years. Since 1978, the competition has taken place on hard courts. However, it has historically been played on both grass (1881–1974) and clay (1975–1977).
Let use SPARQL query to list past winners of the US Open. In this query we will make use of three conditions. The first condition has a property of
Part of (P361)
and a matching value of
US Open (Q123577)
and the second condition has a property of
point in time (P585)
without a matching type and the third property
winner (P1346)
has no data type as well. This Query produces 697 results .
# List to get winners of the US open
SELECT
?year
?winnerLabel
?nationalityLabel
?sexLabel
WHERE
?event
wdt
P361
wdt
P31
wd
Q123577
# Instance of US open
wdt
P585
?year
# Date won
wdt
P1346
?winner
# winner
?winner
wdt
P27
?nationality
# Nationality of winner
wdt
P21
?sex
# Sex or gender of player
SERVICE
wikibase
label
bd
serviceParam
wikibase
language
"[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en"
ORDER BY
DESC
?year
# arrange in the other of the year
SPARQL-query
Australian Open
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The Australian Open ranks third on this list of Grand Slam competitions. The inaugural competition took place in 1905, and a women's tournament was added in 1922. The competition took a break during the World Wars, just like Wimbledon. Early on, the top players didn't always go to Australia, but that has changed as jet travel has become more popular. Prior to the 1988 tournament's permanent relocation to Melbourne, Sydney, Brisbane, Melbourne, and Adelaide alternated as hosts. Prior to switching to hard courts in 1988, the Australian Open was held on grass from 1905 to 1987.
Let use SPARQL query to list past winners of the Australian Open. In this query we will make use of three conditions. The first condition has a property of
Part of (P361)
and a matching value of
Australian Open (Q60874)
and the second condition has a property of
point in time (P585)
without a matching type and the third property
winner (P1346)
has no data type as well. This Query produces 870 results.
# List to get winners of the Australian open
SELECT
?year
?winnerLabel
?nationalityLabel
?sexLabel
WHERE
?event
wdt
P361
wdt
P31
wd
Q60874
# Instance of Australian open
wdt
P585
?year
# Date won
wdt
P1346
?winner
# winner
?winner
wdt
P27
?nationality
# Nationality of winner
wdt
P21
?sex
# Sex or gender of player
SERVICE
wikibase
label
bd
serviceParam
wikibase
language
"[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en"
ORDER BY
DESC
?year
# arrange in the other of the year
SPARQL-query
French Open
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The French Open, the final Grand Slam competition on this list, is ranked fourth. The French Championships hosted the first men's competition in 1891, and the women's event followed in 1897. The French Open, which is currently a clay court competition, is held at Stade Roland Garros, where it has been since 1928. The French Open was originally held on sand courts up until 1907, which is unusual in the modern era. The French Open was forced to stop competing during World War II, just like all other international competitions.
Let use SPARQL query to list past winners of the French Open. In this query we will make use of three conditions. The first condition has a property of
Part of (P361)
and a matching value of
French Open (Q43605)
and the second condition has a property of
point in time (P585)
without a matching type and the third property
winner (P1346)
has no data type as well. This Query produces 705 results.
# List to get winners of the French open
SELECT
?year
?winnerLabel
?nationalityLabel
?sexLabel
WHERE
?event
wdt
P361
wdt
P31
wd
Q43605
# Instance of French open
wdt
P585
?year
# Date won
wdt
P1346
?winner
# winner
?winner
wdt
P27
?nationality
# Nationality of winner
wdt
P21
?sex
# Sex or gender of player
SERVICE
wikibase
label
bd
serviceParam
wikibase
language
"[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en"
ORDER BY
DESC
?year
# arrange in the other of the year
SPARQL-query
ATP/WTA Tour
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The ATP/WTA Tour Finals are the most fascinating tennis events in the world ,following the four Grand Slams. The WTA started hosting their event in 1971, two years after the ATP started holding theirs. Both sports are played on courts with hard surfaces. For both tours, the top eight players in the standings at the end of the year are eligible to compete in the tournament. The top four players then advance to the semifinals after playing a round-robin-style event. Since their inception, the men's and women's competitions have each been held in a number of locations worldwide.
Male
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Let use SPARQL query to list past winners of the ATP Tour . In this query we will make use of three conditions. The first condition has a property of
Part of (P361)
and a matching value of
ATP Tour(Q270907)
and the second condition has a property of
point in time (P585)
without a matching type and the third property
winner (P1346)
has no data type as well. This Query produces 113 results.
# Query to list winners of ATP finals
SELECT
?year
?winnerLabel
?nationalityLabel
WHERE
?event
wdt
P361
wdt
P31
wd
Q270907
# Instance of ATP finals
wdt
P585
?year
# point in time
wdt
P1346
?winner
# winner
?winner
wdt
P27
?nationality
# Nationality of tennis players who won
SERVICE
wikibase
label
bd
serviceParam
wikibase
language
"[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en"
ORDER BY
DESC
?year
# Order by the year
SPARQL-query
Female
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Let use SPARQL query to list past winners of the WTP Tour . In this query we will make use of three conditions. The first condition has a property of
Part of (P361)
and a matching value of
WTP Tour(Q220347)
and the second condition has a property of
point in time (P585)
without a matching type and the third property
winner (P1346)
has no data type as well. This Query produces 147 results.
# Query to list winners of WTA finals
SELECT
?year
?winnerLabel
?nationalityLabel
WHERE
?event
wdt
P361
wdt
P31
wd
Q220347
# Instance of WTA finals
wdt
P585
?year
# point in time
wdt
P1346
?winner
# winner
?winner
wdt
P27
?nationality
# Nationality of tennis players who won
SERVICE
wikibase
label
bd
serviceParam
wikibase
language
"[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en"
ORDER BY
DESC
?year
# Order by the year
SPARQL-query
Techniques
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Learning Tennis Techniques
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Developing a strong foundation in the fundamentals of tennis is crucial when learning the game. Students must fully grasp the fundamentals of tennis footwork, body positioning, and stroke mechanics before moving on to more advanced strokes. To avoid having incorrect moves ingrained in your muscle memory, it is crucial to learn the right moves and techniques the first time. It is much more difficult to undo incorrect technique and start over than it is to get it right the first time.
Below we will use the SPARQL Query to list out Tennis techniques which would be useful to enjoy the sport. In the query we make use of a two condition. The first condition has a property type
instance of (P31)
with a matching property type of
sports technique (Q61996437)
and the second condition has a property type of
sports (P641)
and a matching value of
tennis (Q847)
. This query with the help of Wikidata Query service produces 71 results of various techniques and skills used in tennis.
# Query to get list Tennis techniques
SELECT
DISTINCT
?item
?itemLabel
WHERE
SERVICE
wikibase
label
bd
serviceParam
wikibase
language
"[AUTO_LANGUAGE]"
SELECT
DISTINCT
?item
WHERE
?item
P31
?statement0
?statement0
ps
P31
wdt
P279
))
wd
Q61996437
# Instance of sports techniques
?item
P641
?statement1
?statement1
ps
P641
wdt
P279
))
wd
Q847
# sports is tennis
SPARQL-query
Dominant Player Hand
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We will try to use Wikidata to provide the total number of tennis players who are right handed, left handed or use both their hands.
Properties and Data types
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occupation (P106)
Tennis Player (Q10833314
Playing Hand (P741)
Left Handed (Q789447)
Right Handed (Q3039938)
# List to get players Dominant hand
SELECT
WITH
SELECT
DISTINCT
?s
?s
P106
ps
P106
wdt
P279
wd
Q10833314
# occupation is tennis player
AS
%results
SELECT
count
?s
as
?left
INCLUDE
%results
?s
P741
ps
P741
wd
Q789447
# players that are left handed
FILTER
NOT EXISTS
?s
P741
ps
P741
wd
Q3039938
SELECT
count
?s
as
?right
INCLUDE
%results
?s
P741
ps
P741
wd
Q3039938
# players that are right handed
FILTER
NOT EXISTS
?s
P741
ps
P741
wd
Q789447
SELECT
count
?s
as
?both
INCLUDE
%results
?s
P741
ps
P741
wd
Q789447
wd
Q3039938
# players that use both hands
Using FIGMA I created a Ven diagram to represent the information gotten from Wikidata ;
Fig 3 : Ven diagram showing Dominant hands of Tennis players
SPARQL-query
We discovered that Wikidata has limited data about the dominant hands of tennis players. To confirm this discovery I made a Query to list all Tennis players and it produced 12,523 results meanwhile total of all elements in the ven diagram and SPARQL Query above is 2,334 results. It means that Wikidata doesn't have sufficient data about 10,189 tennis players.
# List of tennis players
SELECT
DISTINCT
?item
?itemLabel
WHERE
SERVICE
wikibase
label
bd
serviceParam
wikibase
language
"[AUTO_LANGUAGE]"
SELECT
DISTINCT
?item
WHERE
?item
P106
?statement0
?statement0
ps
P106
wdt
P279
))
wd
Q10833314
# occupation is a tennis player
Properties and Data types
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occupation (P106)
Tennis Player (Q10833314)
SPARQL-query
Fig 4 : Bar chart to show the ratio of missing information on Wikidata
Players and Their Net worth
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There are many talented tennis players in the world. The skill of swinging the racket has been honed by these players over many years. These accomplished athletes have ascended to the pinnacles of sport and amassed enormous wealth in the process. Who is the highest-paid tennis player in the present?
We will try to make use of Wikidata to create a query which lists out Tennis players and their networths. In the query we use three property types of
occupation (P106)
nationality (P27)
and
net worth (P2218)
and one data type of
tennis player (Q10833314)
for the first property
occupation (P106)
. It turns out that Wikidata doesn't have the net worth of most tennis players and the net worth of
Roger Federer
provided by Wikidata is not updated or recent, and it only prints out 6 results.
# List of tennis players and their net worth
SELECT
DISTINCT
?item
?itemLabel
?networths
?nationality
?nationalityLabel
WHERE
# Order of list
SERVICE
wikibase
label
bd
serviceParam
wikibase
language
"[AUTO_LANGUAGE]"
SELECT
DISTINCT
?item
?networths
?nationality
WHERE
?item
P106
ps
P106
wdt
P279
))
wd
Q10833314
# occupation is tennis player
P27
ps
P27
?nationality
# nationality
P2218
psv
P2218
wikibase
quantityAmount
))
?networths
# player net worth
ORDER BY
DESC
?networths
# arrange list in order of highest net worth
ORDER BY
DESC
?networths
SPARQL-Query
Due to the lack of sufficient Data from the Wikidata Query , we will create a table ranking top 10 players by their net worth and nationality using Wikidata properties and types;
NO.
Tennis players
Nationality
Net worth
Ion Tiriac
Romania
$1.2 Billion
Roger Federer
Switzerland
$550 Million
Serena Williams
USA
$250 Million
Novak Djokovic
Serbia
$220 Million
Rafael Nadal
Spain
$220 Million
Maria Sharapova
Russia
$180 Million
Andre Agassi
USA
$175 Million
Pete Sampras
USA
$150 Million
Andy Murray
United Kingdom
$110 Million
10
John McEnroe
USA
$100 Million
In the table above we have successfully created a table with Wikidata properties and types of
tennis players
and their
nationalities
. In order to create this table above, the source was used.
Tests
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Future work
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1) Find 10 tennis Legends who are already retired
2) Write individual wiki pages for these legends using Wikidata
3) Using Wikidata to make list of awards received by these legends
4) Use Wikidata to show the countries of these legends
5) Use Wikidata to show which tournaments these legends participated in
References
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"Top 20 richest tennis players in the world and their net worth"
Sports Brief
. Jackline Wangare. 2022.
"Wikidata:List of properties"
wikidata properties
. 2022.
"Top ten tennis tournaments"
Rookie road
. 2022.
"Strategy and technique"
Britannica
. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2022.
"Tennis"
Britannica
. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2022.
"Tennis Techniques & Grips"
study.com
. John Hamilton. 2022.
"10+ Best Tennis Players of All Time"
Tennis Companion
. Jon Crim. 2022.
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Research in programming Wikidata
Tennis
Research in programming Wikidata/Tennis
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