Rio de Janeiro walla Riyo tan,[1] woni laamorgo diiwaan Riyo de Janeiro. Ko kañum woni wuro ɗiɗaɓo ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder Beresiil (caggal São Paulo) e wuro jeegom ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leyɗeele Amerik.
Sosaa ko e hitaande dubi alif 1565 e juuɗe Purtugeec en, wuro ngo ko e fuɗɗoode wonnoo jooɗorde Kapiteen Rio de Janeiro, domen laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1763, nde wonti laamorgo Dowla Beresiil, dowla laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1808, nde suudu laamɗo Portigaal ummii Beresiil, Rio de Janeiro wonti jooɗorde suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Mariyam I mo Portigaal. Caggal ɗuum, e gardagol ɓiyiiko laamɗo biyeteeɗo John VI mo Portigaal, o ummini Beresiil e ndimaagu laamu, e nder Dental Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Portigaal, Beresiil, e Algarves. Rio woni laamorgo laamuuji duuɗe keewɗe haa hitaande 1822, nde wolde ndimaagu Beresiil fuɗɗii. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e geɗe seeɗa e nder daartol, nde laamorgo leydi koloñaal wayliima e dow laabi, wonti wuro e nder gootal e koloñaal mum. Rio de Janeiro ɓaawo man laati laamorde laamu jeytaare, laamu Beresiil, haa hitaande 1889, nden bo laamorde lesdi Republique Beresiil haa hitaande 1960 nde laamorgo man wayliti haa Brasília.
Rio de Janeiro woni PIB ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi ndii,[2] e 30ɓo e nder winndere nde e hitaande 2008[3] Ɗum ina hiisaa e 343 miliyaar dolaar. E nder wuro ngo ko gardiiɗo sosiyeteeji petroŋ, njulaagu, e telefoŋaaji Beresiil, ina heen sosiyeteeji ɗiɗi mawɗi leydi ndii, hono Petrobras e Vale, e sosiyeteeji telefoŋaaji ɓurɗi mawnude e Amerik Latin, hono Grupo Globo. Ko ɗoon woni galle duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde e duɗe keewɗe, ko kañum woni nokku ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e wiɗtooji e ƴellitaare e nder leydi Beresiil, ina waɗi 17% e ko yaltata e ganndal ngenndiwal fawaade e doosɗe 2005.[4] Fuu e no yi’ata aybeeji ɗuuɗɗi, wuro ngo’o woodi aybeeji ɓurɗi famɗugo dow ko ɓuri laamooji lesɗe Beresiil.[5]
Rio de Janeiro ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe yilleede e nder duunde fuɗnaange, ina anndaa e nokkuuji mum tawaaɗi, karnal, samba, bossa nova, e beeli balneario[6]ko wayi no Barra da Tijuca, Kopakabana, Ipanema, e Leblon. Gaagaa beeli ɗii, maandeeji ɗii ina njeyaa heen nate mawɗe Almasiihu rimɗinoowo dow tulde Korkovado, inniraande gooto e kaawisaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi winndere ndee ; Tufnde Sugarloaf e telefoŋ mum; Sambódromo (Sambadrome), laawol kewu duumotoongol, ngol dingiral mawngal huutortee e sahaa Karniwal ; e Stade Maracanã, gooto e estaaduuji fuku koyɗe ɓurɗi mawnude e winndere ndee. Rio de Janeiro woniino jaɓɓiiɗo Olimpiyaaji 2016 e Olimpiyaaji 2016, ɗum waɗi wuro ngo ko wuro gadano Amerik worgo e haalooɓe ɗemngal Portigaal meeɗi jaɓɓaade kewuuji ɗii, kadi ko ngol woni laawol tataɓol Olimpiyaaji ɗii yuɓɓinaama e wuro Hemisphere Fuɗnaange.[7] Stade Maracanã yuɓɓinii kawgel finaal kawgel fuku winndere 1950 e 2014, kawgel fuku winndere 2013, e kawgel XV Pan Amerik. Wuro ngo jaɓɓotoo batu G20 e hitaande 2024, e kawgel fuku winndere FIFA rewɓe e hitaande 2027.[8][9]
Rio de Janeiro woni ko sara damal hirnaange ŋoral (gila Cabo Frio haa fuɗnaange Ilha Grande tan) e daande maayo Atlantik Beresiil saraaji Tropic Capricorn ɗo daande maayo ngoo woni fuɗnaange e hirnaange; wuro ngoo noon ina fadi haa ɓurti fuɗnaange. Nde sosaa ko e damal maayo Guanabara, ko wayi no maayo Guanabara (Baía de Guanabara), ngo woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo “Sugar Loaf” (Pão de Açúcar) – “kaartal noddaango” wuro ngoo.[10]
Yimɓe wuro Rio de Janeiro, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 1,182,3 km2 (456,5 km2),[11] ina tolnoo e 6,00,000 neɗɗo.[12] Yimɓe wuro mawngo ngo ina limtee e miliyoŋaaji 11–13,5. Hoɗɓe e wuro ngoo ina nganndiraa cariocas. Jimol laawɗungol Rio ko "Cidade Maravilhosa", ko jimoowo biyeteeɗo André Filho.
Wuro ngo ina jogii parkeeji e nokkuuji ekolosii ko wayi no nokku ngenndiijo Tijuca, ladde wuro adannde e winndere ndee e nokku UNESCO mo taariindi e Biosfeer; Parc dowla Pedra Branca, ɗo nokku ɓurɗo toowde e Rio de Janeiro woni, woni tufnde Pedra Branca; ko nokku biyeteeɗo Quinta da Boa Vista; Jardiin Botanique;[13] Zoo Rio; Park Lage; e Passeio Público, nokku njillu gadano e nder leyɗeele Amerik.[14] Yanti heen Flamengo Park ko nokku ɓurɗo mawnude e nder wuro ngo, ina yaaji gila e caka haa e zone fuɗnaange, ina waɗi museeji e monumndaaji, ko jiidaa e leɗɗe keewɗe.
Gila hitaande 1961, nokku biyeteeɗo Tijuca (Parque Nacional da Tijuca), ladde ɓurnde mawnude e nder wuro, ladde ɗiɗmere ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee, woni nokku biyeteeɗo Parc ngenndiijo. Ladde wuro ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee ko Floresta da Pedra Branca (Ladde kaaƴe daneeje), woni ko e nokku hirnaange Rio de Janeiro.[15]
Sabu keewal gollorɗe e nder diiwaan metropolitan oo, wuro ngoo ina joginoo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e pollugol weeyo. Bay Guanabara majjii nokkuuji mangrove, ina tampina e heddiiɓe e mborosaaji nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe, nebam e njamndi teeŋtundi. Hay so ndiyam maggal ina hesɗitina so ngal yettiima maayo, ko maayo ngoo woni jaɓɓoowo cakkitiiɗo denndaangal ɓulli ummortooɗi e daande maggo e nder ŋoral maayooji e ŋoral keewngal ɓuuɓngal e nder maggal. Toɓɓere ɓuuɓri e nder weeyo ina sowoo laabi ɗiɗi ko Fedde Adunaare Cellal wasiyii, tawi heen geɗal ko sabu keewal otooji gonɗi e cirƴam.[16]
Ndiyam Sepetiba Bay ina rewi seeɗa seeɗa laawol ngol Guanabara Bay rewi, tawi ko ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ɗam yimɓe fotde 1,29 miliyoŋ hoɗɓe njippini, ina yaltinee tawa safraaka e nder maayooji walla e nder maayooji. So tawii ko to bannge pollugol gollorɗe, mborosaaji tooke keewɗi, jogiiɗi njamndi teeŋtundi – ko ɓuri heewde e sink e kadmiyum – ina njuutee e duuɓi keewɗi e nder gollorɗe e nder diiwanuuji gollorɗe Santa Cruz, Itaguaí e Nova Iguaçu, peewnaaɗi e les njiimaandi politikaaji Dowla.[17]
Lagoon Marapendi e Lagoon Rodrigo de Freitas ina tampini ɗum en e njurum laamu nguu e ɓeydagol keeweendi cuuɗi gonɗi saraaji ɗii. Uddugol ndiyam ɗam ko aldaa e sariya e maayde algaaji ustii oksijen ndiyam ɗam, addani liɗɗi maayde.[18][19]
Won heen, to bannge goɗɗo oo, maale dekontaminaasiyoŋ e nder laana kaa, baɗaaɗe e gollondiral hakkunde laamu e pelle, sosaaɗe e hitaande 2008 ngam humpitaade no ndiyam laana kaa yahrata haa jooni ngam lootde. Golle dekontaminaasiyoŋ ze ina njogii vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol mawngol tawaangol e nder ladde nde e hoore mum, e sosde jokkondiral kesal toowngal e les leydi e geec, zum addanta veydude mbayliigu ndiyam nyalawma kala hakkunde nokkuuji zii zii. Kono e nder Olimpiyaaji ɗii, laana kaa ina jaɓɓoo kawgel ngel, ina waɗi kadi kulhuli keewɗi ko fayti e ñawu nguu, ngu ummotoo ko e ƴiiƴam aadee.[20]
Rio ina jogii weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Aw) ngo ɓadtiima weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Am) fawaade e limto weeyo Köppen, tee ina heewi sifaade toɓooli juutɗi hakkunde lewru Desammbar e lewru Maaris.[21] Wuro ngo ina heɓa ndunngu ngulngu, ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu ngulngu, naange. E nder nokkuuji nder wuro, nguleeki ɓurtuki 40 °C (104 °F) ina heewi e nder ndunngu, hay so tawii noon ina famɗi ɗo waɗata e nder dumunna juutɗo, tawi noon nguleeki ɓurtuki ɓurki 27 °C (81 °F) ina waawi waɗde e lewru kala.
E daande maayo, henndu nduu, ina fuɗa e dow leydi e dow maayo, ina ɓuuɓna nguleeki. Sabu ngonka leydi ndii, wuro ngoo ina heewi yettaade frontiere toownde ummoraade Antarktik, haa teeŋti noon e ndunngu e ndunngu, ina addana ɗum waylude weeyo keewngo. E nder ndunngu ina waawi waɗde toɓooli tiiɗɗi, ɗi, won e sahaaji, ngaddi ilam bonɗam e ɓuuɓol leydi. Nokkuuji koɗli ɗii ina mbinnda toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde nde tawnoo ko ɗiin ngoni ɓuuɓɗi henndu ɓuuɓndu ummortoondu e maayo Atlantik.[22] Wuro ngo ina joginoo ɓuuɓri seeɗa e yontaaji ɓennuɗi. Won e nokkuuji e nder diiwaan Rio de Janeiro sahaa e sahaa fof ina njogii ɓuuɓri ƴiye e ƴiye ƴiye (ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ina mbiya granizo) e ɓuuɓri.[23][24][25]
Yoro ina famɗi no feewi, hay so tawii noon ina foti waɗde sahaa e sahaa fof so en ƴeewii nguleeki weeyo wuro ngo ina tiiɗi no feewi. Yooro Beresiil 2014–2015, ɓurngo tiiɗde e diiwaan Fuɗnaange-rewo e ɓurngo bonde e nder duuɓi capanɗe, mettini e ndiyam diiwaan metropolitan oo fof (diwgol maayo Paraíba do Sul haa maayo Guandu ko ɓuuɓri mawndi wonande diiwaan ɓurɗo heewde yimɓe e nder diiwaan hee). Wonno peeje ngam waylude Paraíba do Sul feewde e Sistema Cantareira (siistem Cantareira) e nder kiris ndiyam e hitaande 2014 ngam wallitde nokku Sao Paulo mawɗo mo yooro bonngo yani. Kono noon, dañde toɓooli keewɗi ngam rokkude ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder gure mawɗe ɗiɗi ɗee kala e ko fayi arde, ko huunde nde miijotaako tan.[26][27][28]
Ko ina wona e nder gure goote (Nova Iguaçu e nokkuuji koɗdiiɗi e mum, ina heen geɗe Campo Grande e Bangu) jokkondirɗe e nokku ɗo ƴiiwoonde pseudo-hail (granizo) yani e lewru marse 2012, lewru Febraayru–Maaris 2013 e lewru lewru Janaayru 2015, wonno ko ɓuuɓol gadanol ngol Jamen1 daartol diiwaan oo winndaa, saabiima bonnugol mbaydiiji e ɓuuɓri juutndi, kono alaa ko maayi heen.[29][30] Fedde Adunaare toppitiinde ko fayti e weeyo wasiyiima wonde Beresiil, haa teeŋti noon e diiwaan mum fuɗnaange-rewo, ina foti heblude ko ina addana ɗum ɓeydaade saɗtude e nder yontaaji garooji ɗii, sibu kewuuji bayɗi no ilam bonɗam Rio de Janeiro e lewru Yarkomaa 2011 e ɓuuɓol, ngonaa geɗe keewɗe. E fuɗɗoode lewru mee 2013, henndu winnditooru ko ina tolnoo e 90 km/h (56 mph) waɗii ɓuuɓri e nder leeɗe 15 wuro ngoo e municipaalitee tati koɗki mum, wari heen neɗɗo gooto.[31] Rio yiyri noon henndu mawndu (fotde 100 km/h (62 mph)) e lewru Yarkomaa 2015.[32]
Tempere kadi ina seerti fawaade e tooweeki, e woɗɗude daande maayo, e sifaa leɗɗe walla kuutoragol leydi. E nder ndunngu, yeesooji toowɗi e henndu maayo fajiri/subaka ina ngadda nguleeki ɓuuɓki; yeesooji toowɗi, nokku gonɗo e ɓuuɓri (zone de convergence intertropicale) (e mbaadi henndu ummortoondu e ladde Amasoni), henndu ɓurndu semmbe ummoraade e geec (ina heewi ummoraade e ɓuuɓol ekstratropikal) e ɓuuɓol (evapotranspiration) ndunngu ina ngadda henndu walla henndu ɓuuɓndu. Nii woni weeyo nanndungo e monsoon ina jogii ndunngu e ndunngu yoorngu e ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu e ndunngu ɓuuɓngu no feewi e ngulngu. Ko ɗum waɗi, nguleeki ɓurki 40 °C (104 °F), ina waawi waɗde ko ina wona hitaande kala kono ɓuri heewde e ndunngu, ina heewi firtude nguleeki "feel-like" tigi-rigi ko ɓuri 50 °C (122 °F), nde henndu seeɗa ina woodi, tee teemedere nguleeki ina toowi.[33][34][35][36]
E wiyde humpitooji ummoriiɗi e Duɗal Ngenndiwal Meteoroloji Beresiil (INMET), gila 1931, nguleeki ɓurki famɗude to Rio de Janeiro ko 6,4 °C ñalnde 18 ut 1933, to nokku meteoroloji to leegal Bangu (deactivated e lewru marse 2040). Ndeeɗoo nokkuure wootere, tawaande e nokku ɓurɗo toowde e wuro ngoo,[37] winnditii nguleeki ɓurtuki 43,1 °C ñalnde 14 lewru Yanaayru 1984, ko kañum joginoo limre ɓurnde toowde e nguleeki e nder wuro ngoo haa ñalnde 26 Desaamba 2012, nde winnditii 43,2 °C the Santaru station ko C9.[38] Toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde e nder waktuuji 24 ko 349,4 mm, limtaaɗi ñalnde 26 feebariyee 1971, to nokku gonnooɗo e nokku biyeteeɗo Engenho de Dentro.