Ripuarian language - Wikipedia

Ripuarian language - Wikipedia
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Ripurian language
German dialect group
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Low German
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Ripuarian
Native to
Germany
Belgium
Netherlands
Region
North Rhine-Westphalia
Rhineland-Palatinate
Liège Province
Limburg
Native speakers
(Kölsch: 250,000 cited 1997)
Language family
Indo-European
Germanic
West Germanic
Weser–Rhine Germanic
High German
Central German
West Central German
Central Franconian
Ripuarian
Early forms
Proto-Indo-European
Proto-Germanic
Frankish
Old High Franconian
Old Central Franconian
Language codes
ISO 639-3
None
mis
Individual code:
ksh
Kölsch
Glottolog
ripu1236
Area where Ripuarian is spoken. Green = sparsely populated forest.
Central German language area after 1945 and the expulsion of the Germans from the east. 1 = Ripuarian.
Ripuarian
ɛər
RIP
-yoo-
AIR
-ee-ən
) or
Ripuarian Franconian
is a
German dialect
group, part of the
West Central German
language group.
Together with the
Moselle Franconian
which includes the
Luxembourgish language
, Ripuarian belongs to the larger
Central Franconian
dialect family and also to the linguistic
continuum
with the
Low Franconian languages
It is spoken in the
Rhineland
south of the
Benrath line
— from northwest of
Düsseldorf
and
Cologne
to
Aachen
in the west and to
Waldbröl
in the east.
The language area also comprises the north of the
German-speaking Community of Belgium
as well as the southern edge of the
Limburg
province of the
Netherlands
, especially
Kerkrade
Kirchroa
), where it is perceived as a variety of
Limburgish
and legally treated as such.
citation needed
The name derives from the
Ripuarian Franks
Rheinfranken
), who settled in the area from the 4th century onward.
The most well known Ripuarian dialect is
Kölsch
, the local dialect of
Cologne
. Dialects belonging to the Ripuarian group almost always call themselves
Platt
(spelled
plat
in the Netherlands) like
Öcher Platt
(of
Aachen
),
Bönnsch
Platt
(of
Bonn
),
Eischwiele Platt
(of
Eschweiler
),
Kirchröadsj plat
(of
Kerkrade
), or
Bocheser plat
(of
Bocholtz
). Most of the more than one hundred Ripuarian dialects are bound to one specific village or municipality. Usually there are small distinctive differences between neighbouring dialects (which are, however, easily noticeable to locals), and increasingly bigger differences between the more distant dialects. These are described by a set of
isoglosses
called the
Rhenish fan
in linguistics. The way people talk, even if they are not using Ripuarian, often allows them to be traced precisely to a village or city quarter where they learned to speak.
Number of speakers
edit
About a million people speak a variation of Ripuarian dialect, which constitutes about one quarter of the inhabitants of the area. Penetration of Ripuarian in everyday communication varies considerably, as does the percentage of Ripuarian speakers from one place to another. In some places there may only be a few elderly speakers left, while elsewhere Ripuarian usage is common in everyday life. Both in the genuine Ripuarian area and far around it, the number of people passively understanding Ripuarian to some extent exceeds the number of active speakers by far.
Geographic significance
edit
Speakers are centred on the German city of
Köln
Cologne
). The language's distribution starts from the important geographic transition into the flat-lands coming down from the
Middle Rhine
. The Ripuarian varieties are related to the
Moselle Franconian
languages spoken in the southern Rhineland (
Rhineland-Palatinate
and
Saarland
) in Germany, to the
Luxembourgish language
in
Luxembourg
, and to the Low Franconian
Limburgish
language in the Dutch province of
Limburg
. Most of the historic roots of Ripuarian languages are in
Middle German
, but there were other influences too, such as
Latin
Low German
Dutch
French
and
Southern Meuse-Rhenish
Limburgish
). Several elements of grammar are unique to Ripuarian and do not exist in the other
languages of Germany
citation needed
The
French Community of Belgium
as well as the Netherlands officially recognise some Ripuarian dialects as
minority languages
, and the
European Union
likewise follows.
citation needed
Varieties
edit
Varieties are or include:
West Ripuarian (
Westripuarisch
), around Aachen and a small area in East Belgium and the Netherlands
Central Ripuarian (
Zentralripuarisch
City Colognian (
Stadtkölnisch
Country Colognian (
Landkölnisch
Grammar
edit
Numerals
edit
The transcription from Münch,
in which the
grave accent
(`) and
macron
(¯) represent, respectively, accent 1 and 2 in the Central/Low Franconian
pitch accent
The rest of the letters match their
IPA
German alphabet
pronunciation, with a few exceptions:
- [ɛ]
- [⁠ʃ⁠]
- ⁠[ʁ⁠]
- [ç]
- [⁠x⁠]
Cardinals
Ordinals
ēn
dę ìəštə
tswęī
dę tswę̀itə
dreī
dę drę̀itə
fiəꝛ
dę fiətə
fønəf
dę fønəftə
zęks
dę zękstə
zevə
dę zevəntə
āx
dę āxtə
nøŋ̀
dę nøŋ̄tə
10
tsèn
dę tsèntə
11
eləf
dę eləftə
12
tsweləf
dę tsweləftə
13
drøksēn
dę drøksēntə
14
fiətsēn
dę fiətsēntə
15
fuftsēn
dę fuftsēntə
16
zęksēn
dę zęksēntə
17
zevətsēn
dę zevetsēntə
18
āxtsēn
dę āxtsēntə
19
nøŋ̄sēn
dę nøŋ̄tsēntə
20
tswantsiχ
dę tswantsiχstə
21
enəntswantsiχ
22
tswęiəntswantsiχ
23
dreiəntswantsiχ
24
fiəꝛentswantsiχ
25
fønəvəntswantsiχ
26
zękzəntswantsiχ
27
zevənəntswantsiχ
28
āxəntswantsiχ
29
nøŋəntswantsiχ
30
dresiχ
dę dresiχstə
40
fiətsiχ
dę fiətsiχstə
50
fuftsiχ
dę fuftsiχstə
60
zęksiχ
dę zęksiχstə
70
zevəntsiχ
dę zevətsiχstə
80
āxtsiχ
dę āxtsiχstə
90
nøŋ̄siχ
dę nøŋ̄tsiχstə
100
hondəꝛt
dę hondəꝛtstə
200
tsweīhondəꝛt
1000
dùzənt
dę dùzəntstə
Pronouns
edit
Ripuarian (excluding City-
Colognian
) emphasised personal pronouns:
1st person
2nd person
3rd person
m. / f. / n.
reflexive
pronoun
(of the 3rd person)
Singular
Nom.
iχ
du
hę̄
zeī
ət
Gen.
Dat.
mīꝛ
dīꝛ
em̀
ìꝛ
em̀
ziχ
Acc.
miχ
diχ
en
zeī
ət
ziχ
Plural
Nom.
mīꝛ
īꝛ
zē
Gen.
Dat.
os
yχ
eǹə
ziχ
Acc.
os
yχ
zē
ziχ
See also
edit
Colognian edition
of
Wikipedia
, the free encyclopedia
Bergish dialects
Eifelplatt
Lex Ripuaria
Rheinische Dokumenta
Rhinelandic regiolect
Ripuarian Franks
Meuse-Rhenish
Notes
edit
German
Ripuarisch
[ʁipuˈ(ʔ)aːʁɪʃ]
ripuarische Mundart
ripuarischer Dialekt
ripuarisch-fränkische Mundart
or
Ribuarisch
Dutch
ripuarisch
[ripyˈʋaːris]
or
noordmiddelfrankisch
References
edit
Ripuarian
at
Ethnologue
(25th ed., 2022)
Kölsch
at
Ethnologue
(25th ed., 2022)
Jürgen Erich Schmidt, Robert Möller,
Historisches Westdeutsch/Rheinisch (Moselfränkisch, Ripuarisch, Südniederfränkisch)
, sub-chapter
Das Ripuarische
; in:
Sprache und Raum: Ein internationales Handbuch der Sprachvariation. Band 4: Deutsch. Herausgegeben von Joachim Herrgen, Jürgen Erich Schmidt. Unter Mitarbeit von Hanna Fischer und Birgitte Ganswindt
, volume 30.4 of
Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft
(Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science / Manuels de linguistique et des sciences de communication)
(HSK), Berlin/Boston, 2019, p. 529f.
Grammatik der ripuarisch-fränkischen Mundart von Ferdinand Münch.
Bonn, 1904, p. 8ff. & p. 159f.
Some symbols with their IPA equivalent are:
- [ɛ]
- [⁠ʃ⁠]
- ⁠[ʁ⁠]
- [ç]
- [⁠x⁠]
Literature
edit
Hans Bruchhausen und Heinz Feldhoff: Us Platt kalle un verstonn - Mundartwörterbuch Lützenkirchen-Quettingen. Bergisch Gladbach 2005.
ISBN
3-87314-410-7
Leo Lammert und Paul Schmidt: Neunkirchen-Seelscheider Sprachschatz, herausgegeben vom Heimat- und Geschichtsverein Neunkirchen-Seelscheid 2006. (ca. 7300 Wörter)
Manfred Konrads: Wörter und Sachen im Wildenburger Ländchen, Rheinland-Verlag, Köln, 1981
Maria Louise Denst: Olper Platt - Bergisches Mundart-Wörterbuch für Kürten-Olpe und Umgebung. Schriftenreihe des Bergischen Geschichtsvereins Abt. Rhein-Berg e. V. Band 29. Bergisch Gladbach 1999.
ISBN
3-932326-29-6
Theodor Branscheid (Hrsg): "Oberbergische Sprachproben. Mundartliches aus Eckenhagen und Nachbarschaft." Band 1, Eckenhagen, 1927.
Heinrichs, Werner: Bergisch Platt - Versuch einer Bestandsaufnahme, Selbstverlag, Burscheid, 1978
Georg Wenker
Das rheinische Platt
. 1877.
Georg Wenker:
Das rheinische Platt
, (Sammlung deutsche Dialektgeographie Heft 8), Marburg, 1915.
Georg Cornelissen,
Peter Honnen
, Fritz Langensiepen (editor):
Das rheinische Platt
. Eine Bestandsaufnahme. Handbuch der rheinischen Mundarten Teil 1: Texte. Rheinland-Verlag, Köln. 1989.
ISBN
3-7927-0689-X
Helmut Fischer: 'Wörterbuch der unteren Sieg. Rheinische Mundarten. Beiträge zur Volkssprache aus den rheinischen Landschaften Band 4. Rheinland Verlag, Köln, 1985.
ISBN
3-7927-0783-7
Ludewig Rovenhagen: Wörterbuch der Aachener Mundart, Aachen, 1912.
Prof. Dr. Will Herrmanns, Rudolf Lantin (editor): Aachener Sprachschatz. Wörterbuch der Aachener Mundart. Beiträge zur Kultur- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte Aachens und Seiner Umgebung, Band 1. Im Auftrag des Vereins „Öcher Platt“ für den Druck überarbeitet und herausgegeben von Dr. Rudolf Lantin. 2 Bände. Verlag J. A. Mayer, 1970.
ISBN
3-87519-011-4
Adolf Steins: Grammatik des Aachener Dialekts. Herausgegeben von Klaus-Peter Lange. Rheinisches Archiv Band 141. Böhlau-Verlag, Kölle, Weimar, Wien, 1998.
ISBN
3-412-07698-8
Dr. Karl Allgeier, Jutta Baumschulte, Meinolf Baumschulte, Richard Wolfgarten: Aachener Dialekt - Wortschatz, Öcher Platt - Hochdeutsch und Hochdeutsch - Öcher Platt. Öcher Platt e.V. Aachen, 2000.
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