Root Zone Label Generation Rules - ICANN

Root Zone Label Generation Rules - ICANN
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Document
Root Zone Label Generation Rules
Root Zone Label Generation Rules (RZ-LGR) provide a conservative mechanism to determine valid IDN TLDs and their variant labels, for stable and secure operation of the DNS Root Zone. To learn more about why IDNs are important to the community and a multilingual Internet, view our script community leader quote page
here
Using the RZ-LGR
With the availability of the RZ-LGR and its fundamental role envisaged for defining the variant labels of top-level domains (TLDs), the ICANN Board asked the ICANN community to recommend how to technically apply the RZ-LGR in a harmonized way to generic and country code top-level domains. The
Recommendations for the Technical Utilization of the Root Zone Label Generation Rules
were published by
the RZ-LGR Study Group
, and submitted to the ICANN Board. Through its
resolution
, the ICANN Board has requested the ccNSO and GNSO to take these recommendations into account while developing their respective policies to define and manage the IDN variant TLDs for current TLDs as well as for the future TLD applications.
Root Zone Label Generation Rules Version 6
Root Zone Label Generation Rules Version 6 (RZ-LGR-6) is now available, covering the following twenty-seven scripts: Arabic, Armenian, Bangla, Chinese (Han), Cyrillic, Devanagari, Ethiopic, Georgian, Greek, Gujarati, Gurmukhi, Hebrew, Japanese (Hiragana, Katakana, and Kanji [Han]), Kannada, Khmer, Korean (Hangul and Hanja [Han]), Lao, Latin, Malayalam, Myanmar, Oriya, Sinhala, Tamil, Telugu, Thaana, and Thai.
RZ-LGR-6 Overview and Summary
RZ-LGR-6 Repertoire Tables, non-CJK
RZ-LGR-6 Repertoire Tables, Han
RZ-LGR-6 Repertoire Tables, Hangul
RZ-LGR-6-Merged-LGR-Common (
XML
HTML
RZ-LGR-6-Element-LGR-ArabicScript (
XML
HTML
RZ-LGR-6-Element-LGR-ArmenianScript (
XML
HTML
RZ-LGR-6-Element-LGR-BanglaScript (
XML
HTML
RZ-LGR-6-Element-LGR-ChineseScript (
XML
HTML
RZ-LGR-6-Element-LGR-CyrillicScript (
XML
HTML
RZ-LGR-6-Element-LGR-DevanagariScript (
XML
HTML
RZ-LGR-6-Element-LGR-EthiopicScript (
XML
HTML
RZ-LGR-6-Element-LGR-GeorgianScript (
XML
HTML
RZ-LGR-6-Element-LGR-GreekScript (
XML
HTML
RZ-LGR-6-Element-LGR-GujaratiScript (
XML
HTML
RZ-LGR-6-Element-LGR-GurmukhiScript (
XML
HTML
RZ-LGR-6-Element-LGR-HebrewScript (
XML
HTML
RZ-LGR-6-Element-LGR-JapaneseScript (
XML
HTML
RZ-LGR-6-Element-LGR-KannadaScript (
XML
HTML
RZ-LGR-6-Element-LGR-KhmerScript (
XML
HTML
RZ-LGR-6-Element-LGR-KoreanScript (
XML
HTML
RZ-LGR-6-Element-LGR-LaoScript (
XML
HTML
RZ-LGR-6-Element-LGR-LatinScript (
XML
HTML
RZ-LGR-6-Element-LGR-MalayalamScript (
XML
HTML
RZ-LGR-6-Element-LGR-MyanmarScript (
XML
HTML
RZ-LGR-6-Element-LGR-OriyaScript (
XML
HTML
RZ-LGR-6-Element-LGR-SinhalaScript (
XML
HTML
RZ-LGR-6-Element-LGR-TamilScript (
XML
HTML
RZ-LGR-6-Element-LGR-TeluguScript (
XML
HTML
RZ-LGR-6-Element-LGR-ThaanaScript (
XML
HTML
RZ-LGR-6-Element-LGR-ThaiScript (
XML
HTML
These files can be collectively downloaded with this
package
Successful development of Label Generation Rules depends on having community based
Generation Panels
for each script or writing system that will be used in the Root Zone. The Generation Panels start with a broad set of code points for the relevant script(s), known as the
Maximal Starting Repertoire
, and propose relevant Label Generation Rules. These
proposals
are reviewed by the community through public comment and then by the Integration Panel for approval and integration into the LGR for the Root Zone. The details are defined in
Procedure to Develop and Maintain the Label Generation Rules for the Root Zone in Respect of IDNA Labels
[PDF, 1.39 MB].
For related information, visit the following links:
Proposals for Root Zone LGR
Status of Generation Panels
Quotes from Generation Panel leaders
Maximal Starting Repertoire
Guidelines for Developing Script-Specific LGRs
Speak up for your language. Please email at
[email protected]
to contribute to the relevant Generation Panel.
Earlier Versions of Root Zone Label Generation Rules
Root Zone Label Generation Rules Version 5
Root Zone Label Generation Rules Version 5 (RZ-LGR-5) covered the following twenty-six scripts: Arabic, Armenian, Bangla, Chinese (Han), Cyrillic, Devanagari, Ethiopic, Georgian, Greek, Gujarati, Gurmukhi, Hebrew, Japanese (Hiragana, Katakana, and Kanji [Han]), Kannada, Khmer, Korean (Hangul and Hanja [Han]), Lao, Latin, Malayalam, Myanmar, Oriya, Sinhala, Tamil, Telugu, and Thai. RZ-LGR-5 can be collectively downloaded with this
package
Community Contribution to RZ-LGR version 5
Root Zone Label Generation Rules Version 4
Root Zone Label Generation Rules Version 4 (RZ-LGR-4) covered Arabic, Bangla, Chinese, Devanagari, Ethiopic, Georgian, Gujarati, Gurmukhi, Hebrew, Kannada, Khmer, Lao, Malayalam, Oriya, Sinhala, Tamil, Telugu, and Thai scripts. The RZ-LGR-4 can be downloaded with this
package
Root Zone Label Generation Rules Version 3
Root Zone Label Generation Rules Version 3 (RZ-LGR-3) covered Arabic, Devanagari, Ethiopic, Georgian, Gujarati, Gurmukhi, Hebrew, Kannada, Khmer, Lao, Malayalam, Oriya, Sinhala, Tamil, Telugu, and Thai scripts. The RZ-LGR-3 can be downloaded with this
package
Root Zone Label Generation Rules Version 2
Root Zone Label Generation Rules Version 2 (RZ-LGR-2) covered Arabic, Ethiopic, Georgian, Khmer, Lao and Thai scripts. The RZ-LGR-2 can be downloaded with this
package
Root Zone Label Generation Rules Version 1
Root Zone Label Generation Rules Version 1 (RZ-LGR-1) covered the Arabic script. The RZ-LGR-1 can be downloaded with this
package
Domain Name System
Internationalized Domain Name ,IDN,"IDNs are domain names that include characters used in the local representation of languages that are not written with the twenty-six letters of the basic Latin alphabet ""a-z"". An IDN can contain Latin letters with diacritical marks, as required by many European languages, or may consist of characters from non-Latin scripts such as Arabic or Chinese. Many languages also use other types of digits than the European ""0-9"". The basic Latin alphabet together with the European-Arabic digits are, for the purpose of domain names, termed ""ASCII characters"" (ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange). These are also included in the broader range of ""Unicode characters"" that provides the basis for IDNs. The ""hostname rule"" requires that all domain names of the type under consideration here are stored in the DNS using only the ASCII characters listed above, with the one further addition of the hyphen ""-"". The Unicode form of an IDN therefore requires special encoding before it is entered into the DNS. The following terminology is used when distinguishing between these forms: A domain name consists of a series of ""labels"" (separated by ""dots""). The ASCII form of an IDN label is termed an ""A-label"". All operations defined in the DNS protocol use A-labels exclusively. The Unicode form, which a user expects to be displayed, is termed a ""U-label"". The difference may be illustrated with the Hindi word for ""test"" — परीका — appearing here as a U-label would (in the Devanagari script). A special form of ""ASCII compatible encoding"" (abbreviated ACE) is applied to this to produce the corresponding A-label: xn--11b5bs1di. A domain name that only includes ASCII letters, digits, and hyphens is termed an ""LDH label"". Although the definitions of A-labels and LDH-labels overlap, a name consisting exclusively of LDH labels, such as""icann.org"" is not an IDN."