Search for Continuous Gravitational Waves from Known Pulsars in the First Part of the Fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Observing Run - IO

Search for Continuous Gravitational Waves from Known Pulsars in the First Part of the Fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Observing Run - IOPscience
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Search for Continuous Gravitational Waves from Known Pulsars in the First Part of the Fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Observing Run
A. G. Abac
R. Abbott
I. Abouelfettouh
F. Acernese
K. Ackley
S. Adhicary
N. Adhikari
R. X. Adhikari
V. K. Adkins
D. Agarwal
Published 2025 April 10
© 2025. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.
The Astrophysical Journal
Volume 983
Number 2
Citation
A. G. Abac
et al
2025
ApJ
983
99
DOI
10.3847/1538-4357/adb3a0
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A. G. Abac
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
R. Abbott
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
I. Abouelfettouh
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
F. Acernese
AFFILIATIONS
Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
K. Ackley
AFFILIATIONS
University of Warwick, Coventry CV 4 7AL, UK
S. Adhicary
AFFILIATIONS
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
N. Adhikari
AFFILIATIONS
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
R. X. Adhikari
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
V. K. Adkins
AFFILIATIONS
Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
D. Agarwal
AFFILIATIONS
Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
M. Agathos
AFFILIATIONS
Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
M. Aghaei Abchouyeh
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea
O. D. Aguiar
AFFILIATIONS
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
I. Aguilar
AFFILIATIONS
Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
L. Aiello
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
A. Ain
AFFILIATIONS
Universiteit Antwerpen, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium
P. Ajith
AFFILIATIONS
International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
T. Akutsu
AFFILIATIONS
Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
S. Albanesi
AFFILIATIONS
INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
R. A. Alfaidi
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
A. Al-Jodah
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
C. Alléné
AFFILIATIONS
Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules—IN2P3, F-74000 Annecy, France
A. Allocca
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
Università di Napoli “Federico II”, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
S. Al-Shammari
AFFILIATIONS
Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
P. A. Altin
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
S. Alvarez-Lopez
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
A. Amato
AFFILIATIONS
Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
L. Amez-Droz
AFFILIATIONS
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, Belgium
A. Amorosi
AFFILIATIONS
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, Belgium
C. Amra
AFFILIATIONS
Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Med, Institut Fresnel, F-13013 Marseille, France
A. Ananyeva
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
S. B. Anderson
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
W. G. Anderson
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
M. Andia
AFFILIATIONS
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
M. Ando
AFFILIATIONS
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
T. Andrade
AFFILIATIONS
Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Martí i Franquès, 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
N. Andres
AFFILIATIONS
Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules—IN2P3, F-74000 Annecy, France
M. Andrés-Carcasona
AFFILIATIONS
Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
T. Andrić
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy
J. Anglin
AFFILIATIONS
University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
S. Ansoldi
AFFILIATIONS
Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Informatiche e Fisiche, Università di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
J. M. Antelis
AFFILIATIONS
Tecnológico de Monterrey Campus Guadalajara, 45201 Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
S. Antier
AFFILIATIONS
Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Artemis, F-06304 Nice, France
M. Aoumi
AFFILIATIONS
Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, 238 Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
E. Z. Appavuravther
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
Università di Camerino, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
S. Appert
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
S. K. Apple
AFFILIATIONS
University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
K. Arai
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
A. Araya
AFFILIATIONS
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
M. C. Araya
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
J. S. Areeda
AFFILIATIONS
California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA
L. Argianas
AFFILIATIONS
Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
N. Aritomi
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
F. Armato
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
N. Arnaud
AFFILIATIONS
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
M. Arogeti
AFFILIATIONS
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
S. M. Aronson
AFFILIATIONS
Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
G. Ashton
AFFILIATIONS
Royal Holloway, University of London, London TW20 0EX, UK
Y. Aso
AFFILIATIONS
Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
Astronomical Course, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
M. Assiduo
AFFILIATIONS
Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo,” I-61029 Urbino, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
S. Assis de Souza Melo
AFFILIATIONS
European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
S. M. Aston
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
P. Astone
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
F. Attadio
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” I-00185 Roma, Italy
F. Aubin
AFFILIATIONS
Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
K. AultONeal
AFFILIATIONS
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, AZ 86301, USA
G. Avallone
AFFILIATIONS
Dipartimento di Fisica “E.R. Caianiello,” Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
S. Babak
AFFILIATIONS
Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
F. Badaracco
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
C. Badger
AFFILIATIONS
King’s College London, University of London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
S. Bae
AFFILIATIONS
Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
S. Bagnasco
AFFILIATIONS
INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
E. Bagui
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Université libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
J. G. Baier
AFFILIATIONS
Kenyon College, Gambier, OH 43022, USA
L. Baiotti
AFFILIATIONS
International College, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka City, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
R. Bajpai
AFFILIATIONS
Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
T. Baka
AFFILIATIONS
Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
M. Ball
AFFILIATIONS
University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
G. Ballardin
AFFILIATIONS
European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
S. W. Ballmer
AFFILIATIONS
Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
S. Banagiri
AFFILIATIONS
Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
B. Banerjee
AFFILIATIONS
Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy
D. Bankar
AFFILIATIONS
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
P. Baral
AFFILIATIONS
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
J. C. Barayoga
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
B. C. Barish
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
D. Barker
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
P. Barneo
AFFILIATIONS
Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Martí i Franquès, 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica (FQA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Martí i Franqués, 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
F. Barone
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Odontoiatria “Scuola Medica Salernitana,” Università di Salerno, I-84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
B. Barr
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
L. Barsotti
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
M. Barsuglia
AFFILIATIONS
Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
D. Barta
AFFILIATIONS
HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary
A. M. Bartoletti
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Concordia University Wisconsin, Mequon, WI 53097, USA
M. A. Barton
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SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
I. Bartos
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University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
S. Basak
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International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
A. Basalaev
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Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
R. Bassiri
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Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
A. Basti
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
D. E. Bates
AFFILIATIONS
Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
M. Bawaj
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
P. Baxi
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University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
J. C. Bayley
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SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
A. C. Baylor
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University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
P. A. Baynard II
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Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
M. Bazzan
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
V. M. Bedakihale
AFFILIATIONS
Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
F. Beirnaert
AFFILIATIONS
Universiteit Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
M. Bejger
AFFILIATIONS
Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716, Warsaw, Poland
D. Belardinelli
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
A. S. Bell
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
V. Benedetto
AFFILIATIONS
Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università del Sannio, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
W. Benoit
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University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
J. D. Bentley
AFFILIATIONS
Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
M. Ben Yaala
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK
S. Bera
AFFILIATIONS
IAC3–IEEC, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
M. Berbel
AFFILIATIONS
Departamento de Matemáticas, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
F. Bergamin
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
B. K. Berger
AFFILIATIONS
Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
S. Bernuzzi
AFFILIATIONS
Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
M. Beroiz
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
D. Bersanetti
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
A. Bertolini
AFFILIATIONS
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
J. Betzwieser
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
D. Beveridge
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
N. Bevins
AFFILIATIONS
Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
R. Bhandare
AFFILIATIONS
RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
U. Bhardwaj
AFFILIATIONS
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute for High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
R. Bhatt
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
D. Bhattacharjee
AFFILIATIONS
Kenyon College, Gambier, OH 43022, USA
Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
S. Bhaumik
AFFILIATIONS
University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
S. Bhowmick
AFFILIATIONS
Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
A. Bianchi
AFFILIATIONS
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
I. A. Bilenko
AFFILIATIONS
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
G. Billingsley
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
A. Binetti
AFFILIATIONS
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Oude Markt 13, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
S. Bini
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
O. Birnholtz
AFFILIATIONS
Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
S. Biscoveanu
AFFILIATIONS
Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
A. Bisht
AFFILIATIONS
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
M. Bitossi
AFFILIATIONS
European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
M.-A. Bizouard
AFFILIATIONS
Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Artemis, F-06304 Nice, France
J. K. Blackburn
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
L. A. Blagg
AFFILIATIONS
University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
C. D. Blair
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
D. G. Blair
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
F. Bobba
AFFILIATIONS
Dipartimento di Fisica “E.R. Caianiello,” Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
N. Bode
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
G. Boileau
AFFILIATIONS
Universiteit Antwerpen, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium
Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Artemis, F-06304 Nice, France
M. Boldrini
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” I-00185 Roma, Italy
G. N. Bolingbroke
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
A. Bolliand
AFFILIATIONS
Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Med, Institut Fresnel, F-13013 Marseille, France
Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 75016 Paris, France
L. D. Bonavena
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy
R. Bondarescu
AFFILIATIONS
Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Martí i Franquès, 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
F. Bondu
AFFILIATIONS
Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON—UMR 6082, F-35000 Rennes, France
E. Bonilla
AFFILIATIONS
Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
M. S. Bonilla
AFFILIATIONS
California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA
A. Bonino
AFFILIATIONS
University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
R. Bonnand
AFFILIATIONS
Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules—IN2P3, F-74000 Annecy, France
P. Booker
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
A. Borchers
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
V. Boschi
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
S. Bose
AFFILIATIONS
Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
V. Bossilkov
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
V. Boudart
AFFILIATIONS
Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
A. Boudon
AFFILIATIONS
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IP2I Lyon / IN2P3, UMR 5822, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
A. Bozzi
AFFILIATIONS
European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
C. Bradaschia
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
P. R. Brady
AFFILIATIONS
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
M. Braglia
AFFILIATIONS
Instituto de Fisica Teorica UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
A. Branch
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
M. Branchesi
AFFILIATIONS
Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy
INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
J. Brandt
AFFILIATIONS
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
I. Braun
AFFILIATIONS
Kenyon College, Gambier, OH 43022, USA
M. Breschi
AFFILIATIONS
Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
T. Briant
AFFILIATIONS
Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
A. Brillet
AFFILIATIONS
Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Artemis, F-06304 Nice, France
M. Brinkmann
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
P. Brockill
AFFILIATIONS
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
E. Brockmueller
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
A. F. Brooks
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
B. C. Brown
AFFILIATIONS
University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
D. D. Brown
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
M. L. Brozzetti
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
S. Brunett
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
G. Bruno
AFFILIATIONS
Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
R. Bruntz
AFFILIATIONS
Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
J. Bryant
AFFILIATIONS
University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
F. Bucci
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
J. Buchanan
AFFILIATIONS
Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
O. Bulashenko
AFFILIATIONS
Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Martí i Franquès, 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica (FQA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Martí i Franqués, 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
T. Bulik
AFFILIATIONS
Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
H. J. Bulten
AFFILIATIONS
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
A. Buonanno
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
K. Burtnyk
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
R. Buscicchio
AFFILIATIONS
Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
D. Buskulic
AFFILIATIONS
Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules—IN2P3, F-74000 Annecy, France
C. Buy
AFFILIATIONS
L2IT, Laboratoire des 2 Infinis—Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, CNRS/IN2P3, UPS, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
R. L. Byer
AFFILIATIONS
Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
G. S. Cabourn Davies
AFFILIATIONS
University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, UK
G. Cabras
AFFILIATIONS
Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Informatiche e Fisiche, Università di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
R. Cabrita
AFFILIATIONS
Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
V. Cáceres-Barbosa
AFFILIATIONS
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
L. Cadonati
AFFILIATIONS
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
G. Cagnoli
AFFILIATIONS
Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
C. Cahillane
AFFILIATIONS
Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
J. Calderón Bustillo
AFFILIATIONS
IGFAE, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
T. A. Callister
AFFILIATIONS
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
E. Calloni
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
Università di Napoli “Federico II”, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
J. B. Camp
AFFILIATIONS
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
M. Canepa
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
G. Caneva Santoro
AFFILIATIONS
Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
K. C. Cannon
AFFILIATIONS
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
H. Cao
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
L. A. Capistran
AFFILIATIONS
Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
E. Capocasa
AFFILIATIONS
Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
E. Capote
AFFILIATIONS
Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
G. Carapella
AFFILIATIONS
Dipartimento di Fisica “E.R. Caianiello,” Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
F. Carbognani
AFFILIATIONS
European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
M. Carlassara
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
J. B. Carlin
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
M. Carpinelli
AFFILIATIONS
European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, I-95125 Catania, Italy
G. Carrillo
AFFILIATIONS
University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
J. J. Carter
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
G. Carullo
AFFILIATIONS
Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen University, 2100 København, Denmark
J. Casanueva Diaz
AFFILIATIONS
European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
C. Casentini
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali di Roma, 00133 Roma, Italy
S. Y. Castro-Lucas
AFFILIATIONS
Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
S. Caudill
AFFILIATIONS
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA
M. Cavaglià
AFFILIATIONS
Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
R. Cavalieri
AFFILIATIONS
European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
G. Cella
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
P. Cerdá-Durán
AFFILIATIONS
Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
Observatori Astronòmic, Universitat de València, E-46980 Paterna, València, Spain
E. Cesarini
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
W. Chaibi
AFFILIATIONS
Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Artemis, F-06304 Nice, France
P. Chakraborty
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
S. Chalathadka Subrahmanya
AFFILIATIONS
Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
J. C. L. Chan
AFFILIATIONS
Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 København, Denmark
M. Chan
AFFILIATIONS
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
K. Chandra
AFFILIATIONS
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
R.-J. Chang
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
S. Chao
AFFILIATIONS
National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan
National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
E. L. Charlton
AFFILIATIONS
Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
P. Charlton
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia
E. Chassande-Mottin
AFFILIATIONS
Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
C. Chatterjee
AFFILIATIONS
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
Debarati Chatterjee
AFFILIATIONS
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
Deep Chatterjee
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
M. Chaturvedi
AFFILIATIONS
RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
S. Chaty
AFFILIATIONS
Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
A. Chen
AFFILIATIONS
Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
A. H.-Y. Chen
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 101 Univ. Street, Hsinchu, Taiwan
D. Chen
AFFILIATIONS
Kamioka Branch, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 238 Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
H. Chen
AFFILIATIONS
National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan
H. Y. Chen
AFFILIATIONS
University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
J. Chen
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
K. H. Chen
AFFILIATIONS
National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
Y. Chen
AFFILIATIONS
National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan
Yanbei Chen
AFFILIATIONS
CaRT, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
Yitian Chen
AFFILIATIONS
Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
H. P. Cheng
AFFILIATIONS
Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
P. Chessa
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
H. T. Cheung
AFFILIATIONS
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
S. Y. Cheung
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, School of Physics & Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
F. Chiadini
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale (DIIN), Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
G. Chiarini
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
R. Chierici
AFFILIATIONS
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IP2I Lyon / IN2P3, UMR 5822, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
A. Chincarini
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
M. L. Chiofalo
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
A. Chiummo
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
C. Chou
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 101 Univ. Street, Hsinchu, Taiwan
S. Choudhary
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
N. Christensen
AFFILIATIONS
Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Artemis, F-06304 Nice, France
S. S. Y. Chua
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
P. Chugh
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, School of Physics & Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
G. Ciani
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
P. Ciecielag
AFFILIATIONS
Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716, Warsaw, Poland
M. Cieślar
AFFILIATIONS
Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
M. Cifaldi
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
R. Ciolfi
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, I-35122 Padova, Italy
F. Clara
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
J. A. Clark
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
J. Clarke
AFFILIATIONS
Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
T. A. Clarke
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, School of Physics & Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
P. Clearwater
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn VIC 3122, Australia
S. Clesse
AFFILIATIONS
Université libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
E. Coccia
AFFILIATIONS
Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy
INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
E. Codazzo
AFFILIATIONS
Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy
P.-F. Cohadon
AFFILIATIONS
Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
S. Colace
AFFILIATIONS
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
M. Colleoni
AFFILIATIONS
IAC3–IEEC, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
C. G. Collette
AFFILIATIONS
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, Belgium
J. Collins
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
S. Colloms
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
A. Colombo
AFFILIATIONS
Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera sede di Merate, I-23807 Merate, Lecco, Italy
M. Colpi
AFFILIATIONS
Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
C. M. Compton
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
G. Connolly
AFFILIATIONS
University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
L. Conti
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
T. R. Corbitt
AFFILIATIONS
Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
I. Cordero-Carrión
AFFILIATIONS
Departamento de Matemáticas, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
S. Corezzi
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
N. J. Cornish
AFFILIATIONS
Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
A. Corsi
AFFILIATIONS
Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
S. Cortese
AFFILIATIONS
European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
C. A. Costa
AFFILIATIONS
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
R. Cottingham
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
M. W. Coughlin
AFFILIATIONS
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
A. Couineaux
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
J.-P. Coulon
AFFILIATIONS
Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Artemis, F-06304 Nice, France
S. T. Countryman
AFFILIATIONS
Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
J.-F. Coupechoux
AFFILIATIONS
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IP2I Lyon / IN2P3, UMR 5822, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
P. Couvares
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
D. M. Coward
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
M. J. Cowart
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
R. Coyne
AFFILIATIONS
University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
K. Craig
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK
R. Creed
AFFILIATIONS
Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
J. D. E. Creighton
AFFILIATIONS
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
T. D. Creighton
AFFILIATIONS
The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
P. Cremonese
AFFILIATIONS
IAC3–IEEC, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
A. W. Criswell
AFFILIATIONS
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
J. C. G. Crockett-Gray
AFFILIATIONS
Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
S. Crook
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
R. Crouch
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
J. Csizmazia
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
J. R. Cudell
AFFILIATIONS
Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
T. J. Cullen
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
A. Cumming
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
E. Cuoco
AFFILIATIONS
European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
M. Cusinato
AFFILIATIONS
Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
P. Dabadie
AFFILIATIONS
Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
T. Dal Canton
AFFILIATIONS
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
S. Dall’Osso
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
S. Dal Pra
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
G. Dálya
AFFILIATIONS
L2IT, Laboratoire des 2 Infinis—Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, CNRS/IN2P3, UPS, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
B. D’Angelo
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
S. Danilishin
AFFILIATIONS
Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
S. D’Antonio
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
K. Danzmann
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
K. E. Darroch
AFFILIATIONS
Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
L. P. Dartez
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
A. Dasgupta
AFFILIATIONS
Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
S. Datta
AFFILIATIONS
Chennai Mathematical Institute, Chennai 603103, India
V. Dattilo
AFFILIATIONS
European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
A. Daumas
AFFILIATIONS
Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
N. Davari
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, I-95125 Catania, Italy
Università degli Studi di Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
I. Dave
AFFILIATIONS
RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
A. Davenport
AFFILIATIONS
Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
M. Davier
AFFILIATIONS
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
T. F. Davies
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
D. Davis
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
L. Davis
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
M. C. Davis
AFFILIATIONS
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
P. J. Davis
AFFILIATIONS
Université de Normandie, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, F-14000 Caen, France
Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire Caen, 6 boulevard du maréchal Juin, F-14050 Caen, France
M. Dax
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
J. De Bolle
AFFILIATIONS
Universiteit Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
M. Deenadayalan
AFFILIATIONS
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
J. Degallaix
AFFILIATIONS
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IP2I Lyon/IN2P3, UMR 5822, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
M. De Laurentis
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
Università di Napoli “Federico II”, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
S. Deléglise
AFFILIATIONS
Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
F. De Lillo
AFFILIATIONS
Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
D. Dell’Aquila
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, I-95125 Catania, Italy
Università degli Studi di Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
W. Del Pozzo
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
F. De Marco
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” I-00185 Roma, Italy
F. De Matteis
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
V. D’Emilio
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
N. Demos
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
T. Dent
AFFILIATIONS
IGFAE, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
A. Depasse
AFFILIATIONS
Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
N. DePergola
AFFILIATIONS
Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
R. De Pietri
AFFILIATIONS
Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
R. De Rosa
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
Università di Napoli “Federico II”, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
C. De Rossi
AFFILIATIONS
European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
R. DeSalvo
AFFILIATIONS
University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80100 Napoli, Italy
R. De Simone
AFFILIATIONS
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale (DIIN), Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
A. Dhani
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
R. Diab
AFFILIATIONS
University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
M. C. Díaz
AFFILIATIONS
The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
M. Di Cesare
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Napoli “Federico II”, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
G. Dideron
AFFILIATIONS
Perimeter Institute, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada
N. A. Didio
AFFILIATIONS
Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
T. Dietrich
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
L. Di Fiore
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
C. Di Fronzo
AFFILIATIONS
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, Belgium
M. Di Giovanni
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” I-00185 Roma, Italy
T. Di Girolamo
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
Università di Napoli “Federico II”, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
D. Diksha
AFFILIATIONS
Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
A. Di Michele
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
J. Ding
AFFILIATIONS
Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
Corps des Mines, Mines Paris, Université PSL, 60 Bd Saint-Michel, 75272 Paris, France
S. Di Pace
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” I-00185 Roma, Italy
I. Di Palma
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” I-00185 Roma, Italy
F. Di Renzo
AFFILIATIONS
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IP2I Lyon / IN2P3, UMR 5822, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
Divyajyoti
AFFILIATIONS
Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
A. Dmitriev
AFFILIATIONS
University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
Z. Doctor
AFFILIATIONS
Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
E. Dohmen
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
P. P. Doleva
AFFILIATIONS
Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
D. Dominguez
AFFILIATIONS
Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
L. D’Onofrio
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
F. Donovan
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
K. L. Dooley
AFFILIATIONS
Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
T. Dooney
AFFILIATIONS
Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
S. Doravari
AFFILIATIONS
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
O. Dorosh
AFFILIATIONS
National Center for Nuclear Research, 05-400 Świerk-Otwock, Poland
M. Drago
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” I-00185 Roma, Italy
J. C. Driggers
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
J.-G. Ducoin
AFFILIATIONS
Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7095, 75014 Paris, France
L. Dunn
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
U. Dupletsa
AFFILIATIONS
Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy
D. D’Urso
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, I-95125 Catania, Italy
Università degli Studi di Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
H. Duval
AFFILIATIONS
Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
P.-A. Duverne
AFFILIATIONS
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
S. E. Dwyer
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
C. Eassa
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
M. Ebersold
AFFILIATIONS
Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules—IN2P3, F-74000 Annecy, France
T. Eckhardt
AFFILIATIONS
Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
G. Eddolls
AFFILIATIONS
Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
B. Edelman
AFFILIATIONS
University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
T. B. Edo
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
O. Edy
AFFILIATIONS
University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, UK
A. Effler
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
J. Eichholz
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
H. Einsle
AFFILIATIONS
Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Artemis, F-06304 Nice, France
M. Eisenmann
AFFILIATIONS
Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
R. A. Eisenstein
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
A. Ejlli
AFFILIATIONS
Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
R. M. Eleveld
AFFILIATIONS
Carleton College, Northfield, MN 55057, USA
M. Emma
AFFILIATIONS
Royal Holloway, University of London, London TW20 0EX, UK
K. Endo
AFFILIATIONS
Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
A. J. Engl
AFFILIATIONS
Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
E. Enloe
AFFILIATIONS
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
L. Errico
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
Università di Napoli “Federico II”, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
R. C. Essick
AFFILIATIONS
Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada
H. Estellés
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
D. Estevez
AFFILIATIONS
Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
T. Etzel
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
M. Evans
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
T. Evstafyeva
AFFILIATIONS
University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
B. E. Ewing
AFFILIATIONS
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
J. M. Ezquiaga
AFFILIATIONS
Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 København, Denmark
F. Fabrizi
AFFILIATIONS
Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo,” I-61029 Urbino, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
F. Faedi
AFFILIATIONS
Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo,” I-61029 Urbino, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
V. Fafone
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
S. Fairhurst
AFFILIATIONS
Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
A. M. Farah
AFFILIATIONS
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
B. Farr
AFFILIATIONS
University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
W. M. Farr
AFFILIATIONS
Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY 10010, USA
G. Favaro
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy
M. Favata
AFFILIATIONS
Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA
M. Fays
AFFILIATIONS
Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
M. Fazio
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK
J. Feicht
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
M. M. Fejer
AFFILIATIONS
Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
R. Felicetti
AFFILIATIONS
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
E. Fenyvesi
AFFILIATIONS
HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary
HUN-REN Institute for Nuclear Research, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary
D. L. Ferguson
AFFILIATIONS
University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
S. Ferraiuolo
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” I-00185 Roma, Italy
Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille, 163, avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille cedex 09, France
I. Ferrante
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
T. A. Ferreira
AFFILIATIONS
Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
F. Fidecaro
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
P. Figura
AFFILIATIONS
Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716, Warsaw, Poland
A. Fiori
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
I. Fiori
AFFILIATIONS
European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
M. Fishbach
AFFILIATIONS
Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada
R. P. Fisher
AFFILIATIONS
Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
R. Fittipaldi
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
CNR-SPIN, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
V. Fiumara
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
Scuola di Ingegneria, Università della Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy
R. Flaminio
AFFILIATIONS
Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules—IN2P3, F-74000 Annecy, France
S. M. Fleischer
AFFILIATIONS
Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA
L. S. Fleming
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK
E. Floden
AFFILIATIONS
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
E. M. Foley
AFFILIATIONS
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
H. Fong
AFFILIATIONS
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
J. A. Font
AFFILIATIONS
Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
Observatori Astronòmic, Universitat de València, E-46980 Paterna, València, Spain
B. Fornal
AFFILIATIONS
The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
P. W. F. Forsyth
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
K. Franceschetti
AFFILIATIONS
Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
N. Franchini
AFFILIATIONS
Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
S. Frasca
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” I-00185 Roma, Italy
F. Frasconi
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
A. Frattale Mascioli
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” I-00185 Roma, Italy
Z. Frei
AFFILIATIONS
Eötvös University, Budapest 1117, Hungary
A. Freise
AFFILIATIONS
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
O. Freitas
AFFILIATIONS
Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
Centro de Física das Universidades do Minho e do Porto, Universidade do Minho, PT-4710-057 Braga, Portugal
R. Frey
AFFILIATIONS
University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
W. Frischhertz
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
P. Fritschel
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
V. V. Frolov
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
G. G. Fronzé
AFFILIATIONS
INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
M. Fuentes-Garcia
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
S. Fujii
AFFILIATIONS
Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
T. Fujimori
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto-cho, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
P. Fulda
AFFILIATIONS
University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
M. Fyffe
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
B. Gadre
AFFILIATIONS
Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
J. R. Gair
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
S. Galaudage
AFFILIATIONS
Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Lagrange, F-06304 Nice, France
V. Galdi
AFFILIATIONS
University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80100 Napoli, Italy
H. Gallagher
AFFILIATIONS
Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
S. Gallardo
AFFILIATIONS
California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
B. Gallego
AFFILIATIONS
California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
R. Gamba
AFFILIATIONS
Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
A. Gamboa
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
D. Ganapathy
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
A. Ganguly
AFFILIATIONS
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
B. Garaventa
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
J. García-Bellido
AFFILIATIONS
Instituto de Fisica Teorica UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
C. García Núñez
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK
C. García-Quirós
AFFILIATIONS
University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
J. W. Gardner
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
K. A. Gardner
AFFILIATIONS
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
J. Gargiulo
AFFILIATIONS
European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
A. Garron
AFFILIATIONS
IAC3–IEEC, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
F. Garufi
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
Università di Napoli “Federico II”, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
C. Gasbarra
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
B. Gateley
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
V. Gayathri
AFFILIATIONS
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
G. Gemme
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
A. Gennai
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
V. Gennari
AFFILIATIONS
L2IT, Laboratoire des 2 Infinis—Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, CNRS/IN2P3, UPS, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
J. George
AFFILIATIONS
RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
R. George
AFFILIATIONS
University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
O. Gerberding
AFFILIATIONS
Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
L. Gergely
AFFILIATIONS
University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged 6720, Hungary
Archisman Ghosh
AFFILIATIONS
Universiteit Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
Sayantan Ghosh
AFFILIATIONS
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
Shaon Ghosh
AFFILIATIONS
Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA
Shrobana Ghosh
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Suprovo Ghosh
AFFILIATIONS
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
Tathagata Ghosh
AFFILIATIONS
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
L. Giacoppo
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” I-00185 Roma, Italy
J. A. Giaime
AFFILIATIONS
Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
K. D. Giardina
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
D. R. Gibson
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK
D. T. Gibson
AFFILIATIONS
University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
C. Gier
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK
P. Giri
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
F. Gissi
AFFILIATIONS
Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università del Sannio, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
S. Gkaitatzis
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
J. Glanzer
AFFILIATIONS
Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
F. Glotin
AFFILIATIONS
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
J. Godfrey
AFFILIATIONS
University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
P. Godwin
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
N. L. Goebbels
AFFILIATIONS
Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
E. Goetz
AFFILIATIONS
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
J. Golomb
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
S. Gomez Lopez
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” I-00185 Roma, Italy
B. Goncharov
AFFILIATIONS
Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy
Y. Gong
AFFILIATIONS
School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Bayi Road 299, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, People's Republic of China
G. González
AFFILIATIONS
Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
P. Goodarzi
AFFILIATIONS
University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
S. Goode
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, School of Physics & Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
A. W. Goodwin-Jones
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
M. Gosselin
AFFILIATIONS
European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
A. S. Göttel
AFFILIATIONS
Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
R. Gouaty
AFFILIATIONS
Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules—IN2P3, F-74000 Annecy, France
D. W. Gould
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
K. Govorkova
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
S. Goyal
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
B. Grace
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
A. Grado
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
V. Graham
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
A. E. Granados
AFFILIATIONS
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
M. Granata
AFFILIATIONS
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IP2I Lyon/IN2P3, UMR 5822, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
V. Granata
AFFILIATIONS
Dipartimento di Fisica “E.R. Caianiello,” Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
S. Gras
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
P. Grassia
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
A. Gray
AFFILIATIONS
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
C. Gray
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
R. Gray
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
G. Greco
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
A. C. Green
AFFILIATIONS
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
S. M. Green
AFFILIATIONS
University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, UK
S. R. Green
AFFILIATIONS
University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
A. M. Gretarsson
AFFILIATIONS
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, AZ 86301, USA
E. M. Gretarsson
AFFILIATIONS
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, AZ 86301, USA
D. Griffith
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
W. L. Griffiths
AFFILIATIONS
Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
H. L. Griggs
AFFILIATIONS
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
G. Grignani
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
A. Grimaldi
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
C. Grimaud
AFFILIATIONS
Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules—IN2P3, F-74000 Annecy, France
H. Grote
AFFILIATIONS
Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
D. Guerra
AFFILIATIONS
Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
D. Guetta
AFFILIATIONS
Ariel University, Ramat HaGolan St 65, Ari’el, Israel
G. M. Guidi
AFFILIATIONS
Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo,” I-61029 Urbino, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
A. R. Guimaraes
AFFILIATIONS
Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
H. K. Gulati
AFFILIATIONS
Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
F. Gulminelli
AFFILIATIONS
Université de Normandie, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, F-14000 Caen, France
Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire Caen, 6 boulevard du maréchal Juin, F-14050 Caen, France
A. M. Gunny
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
H. Guo
AFFILIATIONS
The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
W. Guo
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
Y. Guo
AFFILIATIONS
Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Anchal Gupta
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
Anuradha Gupta
AFFILIATIONS
The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
Ish Gupta
AFFILIATIONS
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
N. C. Gupta
AFFILIATIONS
Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
P. Gupta
AFFILIATIONS
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
S. K. Gupta
AFFILIATIONS
University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
T. Gupta
AFFILIATIONS
Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
N. Gupte
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
J. Gurs
AFFILIATIONS
Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
N. Gutierrez
AFFILIATIONS
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IP2I Lyon/IN2P3, UMR 5822, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
F. Guzman
AFFILIATIONS
Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
H.-Y. H
AFFILIATIONS
National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan
D. Haba
AFFILIATIONS
Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
M. Haberland
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
S. Haino
AFFILIATIONS
Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. 2, Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
E. D. Hall
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
E. Z. Hamilton
AFFILIATIONS
IAC3–IEEC, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
G. Hammond
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
W.-B. Han
AFFILIATIONS
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 80 Nandan Road, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
M. Haney
AFFILIATIONS
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
J. Hanks
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
C. Hanna
AFFILIATIONS
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
M. D. Hannam
AFFILIATIONS
Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
O. A. Hannuksela
AFFILIATIONS
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
A. G. Hanselman
AFFILIATIONS
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
H. Hansen
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
J. Hanson
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
R. Harada
AFFILIATIONS
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
A. R. Hardison
AFFILIATIONS
Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
K. Haris
AFFILIATIONS
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
T. Harmark
AFFILIATIONS
Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen University, 2100 København, Denmark
J. Harms
AFFILIATIONS
Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy
INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
G. M. Harry
AFFILIATIONS
American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA
I. W. Harry
AFFILIATIONS
University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, UK
J. Hart
AFFILIATIONS
Kenyon College, Gambier, OH 43022, USA
B. Haskell
AFFILIATIONS
Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716, Warsaw, Poland
C.-J. Haster
AFFILIATIONS
University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
J. S. Hathaway
AFFILIATIONS
Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
K. Haughian
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
H. Hayakawa
AFFILIATIONS
Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, 238 Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
K. Hayama
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Applied Physics, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
R. Hayes
AFFILIATIONS
Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
A. Heffernan
AFFILIATIONS
IAC3–IEEC, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
A. Heidmann
AFFILIATIONS
Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
M. C. Heintze
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
J. Heinze
AFFILIATIONS
University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
J. Heinzel
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
H. Heitmann
AFFILIATIONS
Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Artemis, F-06304 Nice, France
F. Hellman
AFFILIATIONS
University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
P. Hello
AFFILIATIONS
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
A. F. Helmling-Cornell
AFFILIATIONS
University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
G. Hemming
AFFILIATIONS
European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
O. Henderson-Sapir
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
M. Hendry
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
I. S. Heng
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
E. Hennes
AFFILIATIONS
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
C. Henshaw
AFFILIATIONS
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
T. Hertog
AFFILIATIONS
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Oude Markt 13, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
M. Heurs
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
A. L. Hewitt
AFFILIATIONS
University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK
J. Heyns
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
S. Higginbotham
AFFILIATIONS
Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
S. Hild
AFFILIATIONS
Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
S. Hill
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
Y. Himemoto
AFFILIATIONS
College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, 1-2-1 Izumi, Narashino City, Chiba 275-8575, Japan
N. Hirata
AFFILIATIONS
Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
C. Hirose
AFFILIATIONS
Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
W. C. G. Ho
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Haverford College, 370 Lancaster Avenue, Haverford, PA 19041, USA
S. Hoang
AFFILIATIONS
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
S. Hochheim
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
D. Hofman
AFFILIATIONS
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IP2I Lyon/IN2P3, UMR 5822, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
N. A. Holland
AFFILIATIONS
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
K. Holley-Bockelmann
AFFILIATIONS
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
Z. J. Holmes
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
D. E. Holz
AFFILIATIONS
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
L. Honet
AFFILIATIONS
Université libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
C. Hong
AFFILIATIONS
Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
J. Hornung
AFFILIATIONS
University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
S. Hoshino
AFFILIATIONS
Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
J. Hough
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
S. Hourihane
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
E. J. Howell
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
C. G. Hoy
AFFILIATIONS
University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, UK
C. A. Hrishikesh
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
H.-F. Hsieh
AFFILIATIONS
National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan
C. Hsiung
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physics, Tamkang University, No. 151, Yingzhuan Rd., Danshui Dist., New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
H. C. Hsu
AFFILIATIONS
National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
W.-F. Hsu
AFFILIATIONS
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Oude Markt 13, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
P. Hu
AFFILIATIONS
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
Q. Hu
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
H. Y. Huang
AFFILIATIONS
National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
Y.-J. Huang
AFFILIATIONS
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
A. D. Huddart
AFFILIATIONS
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
B. Hughey
AFFILIATIONS
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, AZ 86301, USA
D. C. Y. Hui
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Astronomy and Space Science, Chungnam National University, 9 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
V. Hui
AFFILIATIONS
Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules—IN2P3, F-74000 Annecy, France
S. Husa
AFFILIATIONS
IAC3–IEEC, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
R. Huxford
AFFILIATIONS
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
T. Huynh-Dinh
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
L. Iampieri
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” I-00185 Roma, Italy
G. A. Iandolo
AFFILIATIONS
Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
M. Ianni
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
A. Iess
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
Scuola Normale Superiore, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
H. Imafuku
AFFILIATIONS
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
K. Inayoshi
AFFILIATIONS
Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Yiheyuan Road 5, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
Y. Inoue
AFFILIATIONS
National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
G. Iorio
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy
M. H. Iqbal
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
J. Irwin
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
R. Ishikawa
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
M. Isi
AFFILIATIONS
Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY 10010, USA
M. A. Ismail
AFFILIATIONS
National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
Y. Itoh
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto-cho, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NITEP), Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto-cho, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
H. Iwanaga
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto-cho, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
M. Iwaya
AFFILIATIONS
Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
B. R. Iyer
AFFILIATIONS
International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
V. JaberianHamedan
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
C. Jacquet
AFFILIATIONS
L2IT, Laboratoire des 2 Infinis—Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, CNRS/IN2P3, UPS, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
P.-E. Jacquet
AFFILIATIONS
Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
S. J. Jadhav
AFFILIATIONS
Directorate of Construction, Services & Estate Management, Mumbai 400094, India
S. P. Jadhav
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn VIC 3122, Australia
T. Jain
AFFILIATIONS
University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
A. L. James
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
P. A. James
AFFILIATIONS
Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
R. Jamshidi
AFFILIATIONS
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, Belgium
J. Janquart
AFFILIATIONS
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
K. Janssens
AFFILIATIONS
Universiteit Antwerpen, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium
Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Artemis, F-06304 Nice, France
N. N. Janthalur
AFFILIATIONS
Directorate of Construction, Services & Estate Management, Mumbai 400094, India
S. Jaraba
AFFILIATIONS
Instituto de Fisica Teorica UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
P. Jaranowski
AFFILIATIONS
University of Białystok, 15-424 Białystok, Poland
R. Jaume
AFFILIATIONS
IAC3–IEEC, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
W. Javed
AFFILIATIONS
Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
A. Jennings
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
W. Jia
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
J. Jiang
AFFILIATIONS
University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
Hong-Bo Jin
AFFILIATIONS
National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academic of Sciences, 20A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
J. Kubisz
AFFILIATIONS
Astronomical Observatory, Jagiellonian University, 31-007 Cracow, Poland
C. Johanson
AFFILIATIONS
University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA
G. R. Johns
AFFILIATIONS
Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
N. A. Johnson
AFFILIATIONS
University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
M. C. Johnston
AFFILIATIONS
University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
R. Johnston
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
N. Johny
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
D. H. Jones
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
D. I. Jones
AFFILIATIONS
University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
R. Jones
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
S. Jose
AFFILIATIONS
Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
P. Joshi
AFFILIATIONS
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
L. Ju
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
K. Jung
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
J. Junker
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
V. Juste
AFFILIATIONS
Université libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
T. Kajita
AFFILIATIONS
Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
I. Kaku
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto-cho, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
C. Kalaghatgi
AFFILIATIONS
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
Institute for High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
V. Kalogera
AFFILIATIONS
Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
M. Kamiizumi
AFFILIATIONS
Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, 238 Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
N. Kanda
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto-cho, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NITEP), Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto-cho, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
S. Kandhasamy
AFFILIATIONS
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
G. Kang
AFFILIATIONS
Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
J. B. Kanner
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
S. J. Kapadia
AFFILIATIONS
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
D. P. Kapasi
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
S. Karat
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
C. Karathanasis
AFFILIATIONS
Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
R. Kashyap
AFFILIATIONS
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
M. Kasprzack
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
W. Kastaun
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
T. Kato
AFFILIATIONS
Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
E. Katsavounidis
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
W. Katzman
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
R. Kaushik
AFFILIATIONS
RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
K. Kawabe
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
R. Kawamoto
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto-cho, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
A. Kazemi
AFFILIATIONS
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
D. Keitel
AFFILIATIONS
IAC3–IEEC, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
J. Kelley-Derzon
AFFILIATIONS
University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
J. Kennington
AFFILIATIONS
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
R. Kesharwani
AFFILIATIONS
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
J. S. Key
AFFILIATIONS
University of Washington Bothell, Bothell, WA 98011, USA
R. Khadela
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
S. Khadka
AFFILIATIONS
Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
F. Y. Khalili
AFFILIATIONS
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
F. Khan
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
I. Khan
AFFILIATIONS
Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Med, Institut Fresnel, F-13013 Marseille, France
T. Khanam
AFFILIATIONS
Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
Aix Marseille Université, Jardin du Pharo, 58 Boulevard Charles Livon, 13007 Marseille, France
M. Khursheed
AFFILIATIONS
RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
N. M. Khusid
AFFILIATIONS
Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY 10010, USA
W. Kiendrebeogo
AFFILIATIONS
Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Artemis, F-06304 Nice, France
Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l’Environnement, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 9GH2+3V5, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
N. Kijbunchoo
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
C. Kim
AFFILIATIONS
Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
J. C. Kim
AFFILIATIONS
Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
K. Kim
AFFILIATIONS
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea
M. H. Kim
AFFILIATIONS
Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 03063, Republic of Korea
S. Kim
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Astronomy and Space Science, Chungnam National University, 9 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
Y.-M. Kim
AFFILIATIONS
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea
C. Kimball
AFFILIATIONS
Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
M. Kinley-Hanlon
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
M. Kinnear
AFFILIATIONS
Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
J. S. Kissel
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
S. Klimenko
AFFILIATIONS
University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
A. M. Knee
AFFILIATIONS
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
N. Knust
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
K. Kobayashi
AFFILIATIONS
Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
P. Koch
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
S. M. Koehlenbeck
AFFILIATIONS
Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
G. Koekoek
AFFILIATIONS
Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
K. Kohri
AFFILIATIONS
Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies (IPNS), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
Division of Science, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
K. Kokeyama
AFFILIATIONS
Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
S. Koley
AFFILIATIONS
Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy
P. Kolitsidou
AFFILIATIONS
University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
M. Kolstein
AFFILIATIONS
Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
K. Komori
AFFILIATIONS
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
A. K. H. Kong
AFFILIATIONS
National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan
A. Kontos
AFFILIATIONS
Bard College, Annandale-On-Hudson, NY 12504, USA
M. Korobko
AFFILIATIONS
Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
R. V. Kossak
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
X. Kou
AFFILIATIONS
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
A. Koushik
AFFILIATIONS
Universiteit Antwerpen, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium
N. Kouvatsos
AFFILIATIONS
King’s College London, University of London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
M. Kovalam
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
D. B. Kozak
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
S. L. Kranzhoff
AFFILIATIONS
Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
V. Kringel
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
N. V. Krishnendu
AFFILIATIONS
International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
A. Królak
AFFILIATIONS
National Center for Nuclear Research, 05-400 Świerk-Otwock, Poland
Institute of Mathematics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00656 Warsaw, Poland
K. Kruska
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
G. Kuehn
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
P. Kuijer
AFFILIATIONS
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
S. Kulkarni
AFFILIATIONS
The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
A. Kulur Ramamohan
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
A. Kumar
AFFILIATIONS
Directorate of Construction, Services & Estate Management, Mumbai 400094, India
Praveen Kumar
AFFILIATIONS
IGFAE, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
Prayush Kumar
AFFILIATIONS
International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
Rahul Kumar
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
Rakesh Kumar
AFFILIATIONS
Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
J. Kume
AFFILIATIONS
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
K. Kuns
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
N. Kuntimaddi
AFFILIATIONS
Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
S. Kuroyanagi
AFFILIATIONS
Instituto de Fisica Teorica UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
Department of Physics, Nagoya University, ES building, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
N. J. Kurth
AFFILIATIONS
Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
S. Kuwahara
AFFILIATIONS
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
K. Kwak
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
K. Kwan
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
J. Kwok
AFFILIATIONS
University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
G. Lacaille
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
P. Lagabbe
AFFILIATIONS
Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules—IN2P3, F-74000 Annecy, France
D. Laghi
AFFILIATIONS
L2IT, Laboratoire des 2 Infinis—Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, CNRS/IN2P3, UPS, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
S. Lai
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 101 Univ. Street, Hsinchu, Taiwan
A. H. Laity
AFFILIATIONS
University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
M. H. Lakkis
AFFILIATIONS
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, Belgium
E. Lalande
AFFILIATIONS
Université de Montréal/Polytechnique, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
M. Lalleman
AFFILIATIONS
Universiteit Antwerpen, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium
P. C. Lalremruati
AFFILIATIONS
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741252, India
M. Landry
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
B. B. Lane
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
R. N. Lang
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
J. Lange
AFFILIATIONS
University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
B. Lantz
AFFILIATIONS
Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
A. La Rana
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
I. La Rosa
AFFILIATIONS
IAC3–IEEC, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
A. Lartaux-Vollard
AFFILIATIONS
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
P. D. Lasky
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, School of Physics & Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
J. Lawrence
AFFILIATIONS
Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
M. N. Lawrence
AFFILIATIONS
Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
M. Laxen
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
A. Lazzarini
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
C. Lazzaro
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
P. Leaci
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” I-00185 Roma, Italy
Y. K. Lecoeuche
AFFILIATIONS
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
H. M. Lee
AFFILIATIONS
Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
H. W. Lee
AFFILIATIONS
Inje University Gimhae, South Gyeongsang 50834, Republic of Korea
K. Lee
AFFILIATIONS
Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 03063, Republic of Korea
R.-K. Lee
AFFILIATIONS
National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan
R. Lee
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
S. Lee
AFFILIATIONS
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea
Y. Lee
AFFILIATIONS
National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
I. N. Legred
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
J. Lehmann
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
L. Lehner
AFFILIATIONS
Perimeter Institute, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada
M. Le Jean
AFFILIATIONS
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IP2I Lyon/IN2P3, UMR 5822, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
A. Lemaicirc;tre
AFFILIATIONS
NAVIER, École des Ponts, Univ Gustave Eiffel, CNRS. Marne-la-Vallée, France
M. Lenti
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
Università di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino I-50019, Italy
M. Leonardi
AFFILIATIONS
Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
M. Lequime
AFFILIATIONS
Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Med, Institut Fresnel, F-13013 Marseille, France
N. Leroy
AFFILIATIONS
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
M. Lesovsky
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
N. Letendre
AFFILIATIONS
Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules—IN2P3, F-74000 Annecy, France
M. Lethuillier
AFFILIATIONS
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IP2I Lyon / IN2P3, UMR 5822, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
S. E. Levin
AFFILIATIONS
University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
Y. Levin
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, School of Physics & Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
K. Leyde
AFFILIATIONS
Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
A. K. Y. Li
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
K. L. Li
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
T. G. F. Li
AFFILIATIONS
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Oude Markt 13, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
X. Li
AFFILIATIONS
CaRT, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
Z. Li
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
A. Lihos
AFFILIATIONS
Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
C-Y. Lin
AFFILIATIONS
National Center for High-performance Computing, National Applied Research Laboratories, No. 7, R&D 6th Rd., Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu City 30076, Taiwan
C.-Y. Lin
AFFILIATIONS
National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
E. T. Lin
AFFILIATIONS
National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan
F. Lin
AFFILIATIONS
National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
H. Lin
AFFILIATIONS
National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
L. C.-C. Lin
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
Y.-C. Lin
AFFILIATIONS
National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan
F. Linde
AFFILIATIONS
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Institute for High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
S. D. Linker
AFFILIATIONS
California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
T. B. Littenberg
AFFILIATIONS
NAS. Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35811, USA
A. Liu
AFFILIATIONS
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
G. C. Liu
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physics, Tamkang University, No. 151, Yingzhuan Rd., Danshui Dist., New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
Jian Liu
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
F. Llamas Villarreal
AFFILIATIONS
The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
J. Llobera-Querol
AFFILIATIONS
IAC3–IEEC, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
R. K. L. Lo
AFFILIATIONS
Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 København, Denmark
J.-P. Locquet
AFFILIATIONS
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Oude Markt 13, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
L. T. London
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
King’s College London, University of London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute for High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
A. Longo
AFFILIATIONS
Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo,” I-61029 Urbino, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
D. Lopez
AFFILIATIONS
Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
M. Lopez Portilla
AFFILIATIONS
Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
M. Lorenzini
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
A. Lorenzo-Medina
AFFILIATIONS
IGFAE, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
V. Loriette
AFFILIATIONS
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
M. Lormand
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
G. Losurdo
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
T. P. Lott IV
AFFILIATIONS
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
J. D. Lough
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
H. A. Loughlin
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
C. O. Lousto
AFFILIATIONS
Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
M. J. Lowry
AFFILIATIONS
Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
N. Lu
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
H. Lück
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
D. Lumaca
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
A. P. Lundgren
AFFILIATIONS
University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, UK
A. W. Lussier
AFFILIATIONS
Université de Montréal/Polytechnique, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
L.-T. Ma
AFFILIATIONS
National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan
S. Ma
AFFILIATIONS
Perimeter Institute, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada
M. Ma’arif
AFFILIATIONS
National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
R. Macas
AFFILIATIONS
University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, UK
A. Macedo
AFFILIATIONS
California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA
M. MacInnis
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
R. R. Maciy
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
D. M. Macleod
AFFILIATIONS
Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
I. A. O. MacMillan
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
A. Macquet
AFFILIATIONS
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
D. Macri
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
K. Maeda
AFFILIATIONS
Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
S. Maenaut
AFFILIATIONS
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Oude Markt 13, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
I. Magaña Hernandez
AFFILIATIONS
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
S. S. Magare
AFFILIATIONS
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
C. Magazzù
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
R. M. Magee
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
E. Maggio
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
R. Maggiore
AFFILIATIONS
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
M. Magnozzi
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
M. Mahesh
AFFILIATIONS
Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
S. Mahesh
AFFILIATIONS
West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
M. Maini
AFFILIATIONS
University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
S. Majhi
AFFILIATIONS
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
E. Majorana
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” I-00185 Roma, Italy
C. N. Makarem
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
E. Makelele
AFFILIATIONS
Kenyon College, Gambier, OH 43022, USA
J. A. Malaquias-Reis
AFFILIATIONS
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
U. Mali
AFFILIATIONS
Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada
S. Maliakal
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
A. Malik
AFFILIATIONS
RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
N. Man
AFFILIATIONS
Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Artemis, F-06304 Nice, France
V. Mandic
AFFILIATIONS
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
V. Mangano
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” I-00185 Roma, Italy
B. Mannix
AFFILIATIONS
University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
G. L. Mansell
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
G. Mansingh
AFFILIATIONS
American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA
M. Manske
AFFILIATIONS
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
M. Mantovani
AFFILIATIONS
European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
M. Mapelli
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
Institut fuer Theoretische Astrophysik, Zentrum fuer Astronomie Heidelberg, Universitaet Heidelberg, Albert Ueberle Str. 2, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
F. Marchesoni
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
Università di Camerino, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
D. Marín Pina
AFFILIATIONS
Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Martí i Franquès, 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica (FQA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Martí i Franqués, 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, c. Gran Capità, 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
F. Marion
AFFILIATIONS
Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules—IN2P3, F-74000 Annecy, France
S. Márka
AFFILIATIONS
Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
Z. Márka
AFFILIATIONS
Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
A. S. Markosyan
AFFILIATIONS
Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
A. Markowitz
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
E. Maros
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
S. Marsat
AFFILIATIONS
L2IT, Laboratoire des 2 Infinis—Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, CNRS/IN2P3, UPS, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
F. Martelli
AFFILIATIONS
Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo,” I-61029 Urbino, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
I. W. Martin
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
R. M. Martin
AFFILIATIONS
Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA
B. B. Martinez
AFFILIATIONS
Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
M. Martinez
AFFILIATIONS
Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig de Lluís Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
V. Martinez
AFFILIATIONS
Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
A. Martini
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
K. Martinovic
AFFILIATIONS
King’s College London, University of London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
J. C. Martins
AFFILIATIONS
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
D. V. Martynov
AFFILIATIONS
University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
E. J. Marx
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
L. Massaro
AFFILIATIONS
Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
A. Masserot
AFFILIATIONS
Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules—IN2P3, F-74000 Annecy, France
M. Masso-Reid
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
M. Mastrodicasa
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” I-00185 Roma, Italy
S. Mastrogiovanni
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
T. Matcovich
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
M. Matiushechkina
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
M. Matsuyama
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto-cho, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
N. Mavalvala
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
N. Maxwell
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
G. McCarrol
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
R. McCarthy
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
D. E. McClelland
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
S. McCormick
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
L. McCuller
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
S. McEachin
AFFILIATIONS
Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
C. McElhenny
AFFILIATIONS
Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
G. I. McGhee
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
J. McGinn
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
K. B. M. McGowan
AFFILIATIONS
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
J. McIver
AFFILIATIONS
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
A. McLeod
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
T. McRae
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
D. Meacher
AFFILIATIONS
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
Q. Meijer
AFFILIATIONS
Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
A. Melatos
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
S. Mellaerts
AFFILIATIONS
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Oude Markt 13, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
A. Menendez-Vazquez
AFFILIATIONS
Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
C. S. Menoni
AFFILIATIONS
Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
F. Mera
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
R. A. Mercer
AFFILIATIONS
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
L. Mereni
AFFILIATIONS
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IP2I Lyon/IN2P3, UMR 5822, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
K. Merfeld
AFFILIATIONS
Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
E. L. Merilh
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
J. R. Mérou
AFFILIATIONS
IAC3–IEEC, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
J. D. Merritt
AFFILIATIONS
University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
M. Merzougui
AFFILIATIONS
Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Artemis, F-06304 Nice, France
C. Messenger
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
C. Messick
AFFILIATIONS
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
Z. Metzler
AFFILIATIONS
University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
M. Meyer-Conde
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto-cho, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
F. Meylahn
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
A. Mhaske
AFFILIATIONS
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
A. Miani
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
H. Miao
AFFILIATIONS
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
I. Michaloliakos
AFFILIATIONS
University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
C. Michel
AFFILIATIONS
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IP2I Lyon/IN2P3, UMR 5822, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
Y. Michimura
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
H. Middleton
AFFILIATIONS
University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
A. L. Miller
AFFILIATIONS
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
S. Miller
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
M. Millhouse
AFFILIATIONS
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
E. Milotti
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
V. Milotti
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy
Y. Minenkov
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
N. Mio
AFFILIATIONS
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
Ll. M. Mir
AFFILIATIONS
Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
L. Mirasola
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
INFN Cagliari, Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari 09042, Italy
M. Miravet-Tenés
AFFILIATIONS
Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
C.-A. Miritescu
AFFILIATIONS
Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
A. K. Mishra
AFFILIATIONS
International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
A. Mishra
AFFILIATIONS
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
C. Mishra
AFFILIATIONS
Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
T. Mishra
AFFILIATIONS
University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
A. L. Mitchell
AFFILIATIONS
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
J. G. Mitchell
AFFILIATIONS
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, AZ 86301, USA
S. Mitra
AFFILIATIONS
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
V. P. Mitrofanov
AFFILIATIONS
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
R. Mittleman
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
O. Miyakawa
AFFILIATIONS
Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, 238 Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
S. Miyamoto
AFFILIATIONS
Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
S. Miyoki
AFFILIATIONS
Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, 238 Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
G. Mo
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
L. Mobilia
AFFILIATIONS
Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo,” I-61029 Urbino, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
S. R. P. Mohapatra
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
S. R. Mohite
AFFILIATIONS
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
M. Molina-Ruiz
AFFILIATIONS
University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
C. Mondal
AFFILIATIONS
Université de Normandie, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, F-14000 Caen, France
M. Mondin
AFFILIATIONS
California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
M. Montani
AFFILIATIONS
Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo,” I-61029 Urbino, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
C. J. Moore
AFFILIATIONS
University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
D. Moraru
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
A. More
AFFILIATIONS
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
S. More
AFFILIATIONS
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
G. Moreno
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
C. Morgan
AFFILIATIONS
Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
S. Morisaki
AFFILIATIONS
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
Y. Moriwaki
AFFILIATIONS
Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
G. Morras
AFFILIATIONS
Instituto de Fisica Teorica UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
A. Moscatello
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy
P. Mourier
AFFILIATIONS
IAC3–IEEC, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
B. Mours
AFFILIATIONS
Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
C. M. Mow-Lowry
AFFILIATIONS
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
F. Muciaccia
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” I-00185 Roma, Italy
Arunava Mukherjee
AFFILIATIONS
Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Bidhannagar, West Bengal 700064, India
D. Mukherjee
AFFILIATIONS
NAS. Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35811, USA
Samanwaya Mukherjee
AFFILIATIONS
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
Soma Mukherjee
AFFILIATIONS
The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
Subroto Mukherjee
AFFILIATIONS
Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
Suvodip Mukherjee
AFFILIATIONS
GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute for High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Perimeter Institute, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
N. Mukund
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
A. Mullavey
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
J. Munch
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
J. Mundi
AFFILIATIONS
American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA
C. L. Mungioli
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
W. R. Munn Oberg
AFFILIATIONS
Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
Y. Murakami
AFFILIATIONS
Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
M. Murakoshi
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
P. G. Murray
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
S. Muusse
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
D. Nabari
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
S. L. Nadji
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
A. Nagar
AFFILIATIONS
INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques, F-91440 Bures-sur-Yvette, France
N. Nagarajan
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
K. N. Nagler
AFFILIATIONS
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, AZ 86301, USA
K. Nakagaki
AFFILIATIONS
Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, 238 Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
K. Nakamura
AFFILIATIONS
Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
H. Nakano
AFFILIATIONS
Faculty of Law, Ryukoku University, 67 Fukakusa Tsukamoto-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 612-8577, Japan
M. Nakano
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
D. Nandi
AFFILIATIONS
Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
V. Napolano
AFFILIATIONS
European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
P. Narayan
AFFILIATIONS
The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
I. Nardecchia
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
T. Narikawa
AFFILIATIONS
Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
H. Narola
AFFILIATIONS
Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
L. Naticchioni
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
R. K. Nayak
AFFILIATIONS
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741252, India
J. Neilson
AFFILIATIONS
Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università del Sannio, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
A. Nelson
AFFILIATIONS
Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
T. J. N. Nelson
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
M. Nery
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
A. Neunzert
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
S. Ng
AFFILIATIONS
California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA
L. Nguyen Quynh
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
S. A. Nichols
AFFILIATIONS
Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
A. B. Nielsen
AFFILIATIONS
University of Stavanger, 4021 Stavanger, Norway
G. Nieradka
AFFILIATIONS
Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716, Warsaw, Poland
A. Niko
AFFILIATIONS
National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
Y. Nishino
AFFILIATIONS
Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
A. Nishizawa
AFFILIATIONS
Physics Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima City, Hiroshima 903-0213, Japan
S. Nissanke
AFFILIATIONS
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute for High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
E. Nitoglia
AFFILIATIONS
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IP2I Lyon / IN2P3, UMR 5822, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
W. Niu
AFFILIATIONS
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
F. Nocera
AFFILIATIONS
European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
M. Norman
AFFILIATIONS
Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
C. North
AFFILIATIONS
Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
J. Novak
AFFILIATIONS
Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 75016 Paris, France
Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
Observatoire de Paris, 75014 Paris, France
Université PSL, 75006 Paris, France
J. F. Nuño Siles
AFFILIATIONS
Instituto de Fisica Teorica UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
L. K. Nuttall
AFFILIATIONS
University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, UK
K. Obayashi
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
J. Oberling
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
J. O’Dell
AFFILIATIONS
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
M. Oertel
AFFILIATIONS
Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 75016 Paris, France
Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
Observatoire de Paris, 75014 Paris, France
Université PSL, 75006 Paris, France
Université de Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
A. Offermans
AFFILIATIONS
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Oude Markt 13, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
G. Oganesyan
AFFILIATIONS
Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy
INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
J. J. Oh
AFFILIATIONS
National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 34047, Republic of Korea
K. Oh
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Astronomy and Space Science, Chungnam National University, 9 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
T. O’Hanlon
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
M. Ohashi
AFFILIATIONS
Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, 238 Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
M. Ohkawa
AFFILIATIONS
Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
F. Ohme
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
A. S. Oliveira
AFFILIATIONS
Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
R. Oliveri
AFFILIATIONS
Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 75016 Paris, France
Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
Observatoire de Paris, 75014 Paris, France
B. O’Neal
AFFILIATIONS
Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
K. Oohara
AFFILIATIONS
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
Niigata Study Center, The Open University of Japan, 754 Ichibancho, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 951-8122, Japan
B. O’Reilly
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
N. D. Ormsby
AFFILIATIONS
Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
M. Orselli
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
R. O’Shaughnessy
AFFILIATIONS
Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
S. O’Shea
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
Y. Oshima
AFFILIATIONS
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
S. Oshino
AFFILIATIONS
Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, 238 Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
S. Ossokine
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
C. Osthelder
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
I. Ota
AFFILIATIONS
Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
D. J. Ottaway
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
A. Ouzriat
AFFILIATIONS
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IP2I Lyon / IN2P3, UMR 5822, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
H. Overmier
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
B. J. Owen
AFFILIATIONS
Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
A. E. Pace
AFFILIATIONS
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
R. Pagano
AFFILIATIONS
Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
M. A. Page
AFFILIATIONS
Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
A. Pai
AFFILIATIONS
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
A. Pal
AFFILIATIONS
CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
S. Pal
AFFILIATIONS
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741252, India
M. A. Palaia
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
M. Pálfi
AFFILIATIONS
Eötvös University, Budapest 1117, Hungary
P. P. Palma
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” I-00185 Roma, Italy
C. Palomba
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
P. Palud
AFFILIATIONS
Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
H. Pan
AFFILIATIONS
National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan
J. Pan
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
K. C. Pan
AFFILIATIONS
National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan
R. Panai
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy
INFN Cagliari, Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari 09042, Italy
P. K. Panda
AFFILIATIONS
Directorate of Construction, Services & Estate Management, Mumbai 400094, India
S. Pandey
AFFILIATIONS
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
L. Panebianco
AFFILIATIONS
Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo,” I-61029 Urbino, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
P. T. H. Pang
AFFILIATIONS
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
F. Pannarale
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” I-00185 Roma, Italy
K. A. Pannone
AFFILIATIONS
California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA
B. C. Pant
AFFILIATIONS
RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
F. H. Panther
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
F. Paoletti
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
A. Paolone
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, I-00185 Roma, Italy
E. E. Papalexakis
AFFILIATIONS
University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
L. Papalini
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
G. Papigkiotis
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
A. Paquis
AFFILIATIONS
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
A. Parisi
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
B.-J. Park
AFFILIATIONS
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea
J. Park
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Astronomy, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
W. Parker
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
G. Pascale
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
D. Pascucci
AFFILIATIONS
Universiteit Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
A. Pasqualetti
AFFILIATIONS
European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
R. Passaquieti
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
L. Passenger
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, School of Physics & Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
D. Passuello
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
O. Patane
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
D. Pathak
AFFILIATIONS
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
M. Pathak
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
A. Patra
AFFILIATIONS
Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
B. Patricelli
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
A. S. Patron
AFFILIATIONS
Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
K. Paul
AFFILIATIONS
Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
S. Paul
AFFILIATIONS
University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
E. Payne
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
T. Pearce
AFFILIATIONS
Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
M. Pedraza
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
R. Pegna
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
A. Pele
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
F. E. Peña Arellano
AFFILIATIONS
Tecnológico de Monterrey Campus Guadalajara, 45201 Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
S. Penn
AFFILIATIONS
Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
M. D. Penuliar
AFFILIATIONS
California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA
A. Perego
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
Z. Pereira
AFFILIATIONS
University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA
J. J. Perez
AFFILIATIONS
University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
C. Périgois
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, I-35122 Padova, Italy
G. Perna
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy
A. Perreca
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
J. Perret
AFFILIATIONS
Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
S. Perriès
AFFILIATIONS
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IP2I Lyon / IN2P3, UMR 5822, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
J. W. Perry
AFFILIATIONS
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
D. Pesios
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
S. Petracca
AFFILIATIONS
University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80100 Napoli, Italy
C. Petrillo
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
H. P. Pfeiffer
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
H. Pham
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
K. A. Pham
AFFILIATIONS
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
K. S. Phukon
AFFILIATIONS
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
Institute for High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
H. Phurailatpam
AFFILIATIONS
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
M. Piarulli
AFFILIATIONS
L2IT, Laboratoire des 2 Infinis—Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, CNRS/IN2P3, UPS, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
L. Piccari
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” I-00185 Roma, Italy
O. J. Piccinni
AFFILIATIONS
Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
M. Pichot
AFFILIATIONS
Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Artemis, F-06304 Nice, France
M. Piendibene
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
F. Piergiovanni
AFFILIATIONS
Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo,” I-61029 Urbino, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
L. Pierini
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
G. Pierra
AFFILIATIONS
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IP2I Lyon / IN2P3, UMR 5822, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
V. Pierro
AFFILIATIONS
Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università del Sannio, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
M. Pietrzak
AFFILIATIONS
Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716, Warsaw, Poland
M. Pillas
AFFILIATIONS
Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Artemis, F-06304 Nice, France
F. Pilo
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
L. Pinard
AFFILIATIONS
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IP2I Lyon/IN2P3, UMR 5822, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
I. M. Pinto
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Napoli “Federico II”, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università del Sannio, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi.” I-00184 Roma, Italy
M. Pinto
AFFILIATIONS
European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
B. J. Piotrzkowski
AFFILIATIONS
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
M. Pirello
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
M. D. Pitkin
AFFILIATIONS
University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK
A. Placidi
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
E. Placidi
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” I-00185 Roma, Italy
M. L. Planas
AFFILIATIONS
IAC3–IEEC, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
W. Plastino
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Elettronica e Meccanica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, I-00146 Roma, Italy
R. Poggiani
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
E. Polini
AFFILIATIONS
Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules—IN2P3, F-74000 Annecy, France
L. Pompili
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
J. Poon
AFFILIATIONS
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
E. Porcelli
AFFILIATIONS
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
E. K. Porter
AFFILIATIONS
Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
C. Posnansky
AFFILIATIONS
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
R. Poulton
AFFILIATIONS
European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
J. Powell
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn VIC 3122, Australia
M. Pracchia
AFFILIATIONS
Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
B. K. Pradhan
AFFILIATIONS
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
T. Pradier
AFFILIATIONS
Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
A. K. Prajapati
AFFILIATIONS
Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
K. Prasai
AFFILIATIONS
Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
R. Prasanna
AFFILIATIONS
Directorate of Construction, Services & Estate Management, Mumbai 400094, India
P. Prasia
AFFILIATIONS
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
G. Pratten
AFFILIATIONS
University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
G. Principe
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
M. Principe
AFFILIATIONS
Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università del Sannio, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80100 Napoli, Italy
Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi.” I-00184 Roma, Italy
G. A. Prodi
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
L. Prokhorov
AFFILIATIONS
University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
P. Prosposito
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
A. Puecher
AFFILIATIONS
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
J. Pullin
AFFILIATIONS
Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
M. Punturo
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
P. Puppo
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
M. Pürrer
AFFILIATIONS
University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
H. Qi
AFFILIATIONS
Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
J. Qin
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
G. Quéméner
AFFILIATIONS
Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 75016 Paris, France
Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire Caen, 6 boulevard du maréchal Juin, F-14050 Caen, France
V. Quetschke
AFFILIATIONS
The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
C. Quigley
AFFILIATIONS
Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
P. J. Quinonez
AFFILIATIONS
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, AZ 86301, USA
F. J. Raab
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
S. S. Raabith
AFFILIATIONS
Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
G. Raaijmakers
AFFILIATIONS
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute for High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
S. Raja
AFFILIATIONS
RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
C. Rajan
AFFILIATIONS
RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
B. Rajbhandari
AFFILIATIONS
Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
K. E. Ramirez
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
F. A. Ramis Vidal
AFFILIATIONS
IAC3–IEEC, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
A. Ramos-Buades
AFFILIATIONS
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
D. Rana
AFFILIATIONS
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
S. Ranjan
AFFILIATIONS
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
K. Ransom
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
P. Rapagnani
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” I-00185 Roma, Italy
B. Ratto
AFFILIATIONS
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, AZ 86301, USA
S. Rawat
AFFILIATIONS
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
A. Ray
AFFILIATIONS
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
V. Raymond
AFFILIATIONS
Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
M. Razzano
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
J. Read
AFFILIATIONS
California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA
M. Recaman Payo
AFFILIATIONS
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Oude Markt 13, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
T. Regimbau
AFFILIATIONS
Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules—IN2P3, F-74000 Annecy, France
L. Rei
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
S. Reid
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK
D. H. Reitze
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
P. Relton
AFFILIATIONS
Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
A. I. Renzini
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
P. Rettegno
AFFILIATIONS
INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
B. Revenu
AFFILIATIONS
Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
Subatech, CNRS/IN2P3—IMT Atlantique—Nantes Université, 4 rue Alfred Kastler BP 20722 44307 Nantes CÉDEX 03, France
R. Reyes
AFFILIATIONS
California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
A. S. Rezaei
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” I-00185 Roma, Italy
F. Ricci
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” I-00185 Roma, Italy
M. Ricci
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” I-00185 Roma, Italy
A. Ricciardone
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
J. W. Richardson
AFFILIATIONS
University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
M. Richardson
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
A. Rijal
AFFILIATIONS
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, AZ 86301, USA
K. Riles
AFFILIATIONS
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
H. K. Riley
AFFILIATIONS
Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
S. Rinaldi
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy
Institut fuer Theoretische Astrophysik, Zentrum fuer Astronomie Heidelberg, Universitaet Heidelberg, Albert Ueberle Str. 2, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
J. Rittmeyer
AFFILIATIONS
Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
C. Robertson
AFFILIATIONS
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
F. Robinet
AFFILIATIONS
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
M. Robinson
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
A. Rocchi
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
L. Rolland
AFFILIATIONS
Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules—IN2P3, F-74000 Annecy, France
J. G. Rollins
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
A. E. Romano
AFFILIATIONS
Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
R. Romano
AFFILIATIONS
Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
A. Romero
AFFILIATIONS
Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
I. M. Romero-Shaw
AFFILIATIONS
University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
J. H. Romie
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
S. Ronchini
AFFILIATIONS
Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy
INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
T. J. Roocke
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
L. Rosa
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
Università di Napoli “Federico II”, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
T. J. Rosauer
AFFILIATIONS
University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
C. A. Rose
AFFILIATIONS
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
D. Rosińska
AFFILIATIONS
Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
M. P. Ross
AFFILIATIONS
University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
M. Rossello
AFFILIATIONS
IAC3–IEEC, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
S. Rowan
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
S. K. Roy
AFFILIATIONS
Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY 10010, USA
S. Roy
AFFILIATIONS
Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
D. Rozza
AFFILIATIONS
Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
P. Ruggi
AFFILIATIONS
European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
N. Ruhama
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
E. Ruiz Morales
AFFILIATIONS
Instituto de Fisica Teorica UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
Departamento de Física - ETSIDI, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28012 Madrid, Spain
K. Ruiz-Rocha
AFFILIATIONS
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
S. Sachdev
AFFILIATIONS
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
T. Sadecki
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
J. Sadiq
AFFILIATIONS
IGFAE, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
P. Saffarieh
AFFILIATIONS
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Samar Safi-Harb
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
M. R. Sah
AFFILIATIONS
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
S. S. Saha
AFFILIATIONS
National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan
S. Saha
AFFILIATIONS
National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan
T. Sainrat
AFFILIATIONS
Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
S. Sajith Menon
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” I-00185 Roma, Italy
Ariel University, Ramat HaGolan St 65, Ari’el, Israel
K. Sakai
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Electronic Control Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Nagaoka College, 888 Nishikatakai, Nagaoka City, Niigata 940-8532, Japan
M. Sakellariadou
AFFILIATIONS
King’s College London, University of London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
S. Sakon
AFFILIATIONS
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
O. S. Salafia
AFFILIATIONS
Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera sede di Merate, I-23807 Merate, Lecco, Italy
F. Salces-Carcoba
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
L. Salconi
AFFILIATIONS
European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
M. Saleem
AFFILIATIONS
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
F. Salemi
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” I-00185 Roma, Italy
M. Sallé
AFFILIATIONS
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
S. Salvador
AFFILIATIONS
Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 75016 Paris, France
Université de Normandie, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, F-14000 Caen, France
Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire Caen, 6 boulevard du maréchal Juin, F-14050 Caen, France
A. Sanchez
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
E. J. Sanchez
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
J. H. Sanchez
AFFILIATIONS
Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
L. E. Sanchez
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
N. Sanchis-Gual
AFFILIATIONS
Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
J. R. Sanders
AFFILIATIONS
Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
E. M. Sänger
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
F. Santoliquido
AFFILIATIONS
Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy
T. R. Saravanan
AFFILIATIONS
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
N. Sarin
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, School of Physics & Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
S. Sasaoka
AFFILIATIONS
Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
A. Sasli
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
P. Sassi
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
B. Sassolas
AFFILIATIONS
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IP2I Lyon/IN2P3, UMR 5822, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
H. Satari
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
R. Sato
AFFILIATIONS
Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
Y. Sato
AFFILIATIONS
Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
O. Sauter
AFFILIATIONS
University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
R. L. Savage
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
T. Sawada
AFFILIATIONS
Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, 238 Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
H. L. Sawant
AFFILIATIONS
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
S. Sayah
AFFILIATIONS
Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules—IN2P3, F-74000 Annecy, France
V. Scacco
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
D. Schaetzl
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
M. Scheel
AFFILIATIONS
CaRT, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
A. Schiebelbein
AFFILIATIONS
Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada
M. G. Schiworski
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
P. Schmidt
AFFILIATIONS
University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
S. Schmidt
AFFILIATIONS
Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
R. Schnabel
AFFILIATIONS
Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
M. Schneewind
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
R. M. S. Schofield
AFFILIATIONS
University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
K. Schouteden
AFFILIATIONS
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Oude Markt 13, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
B. W. Schulte
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
B. F. Schutz
AFFILIATIONS
Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
E. Schwartz
AFFILIATIONS
Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
M. Scialpi
AFFILIATIONS
Università Degli Studi Di Ferrara, Via Savonarola, 9, 44121 Ferrara FE, Italy
J. Scott
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
S. M. Scott
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
T. C. Seetharamu
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
M. Seglar-Arroyo
AFFILIATIONS
Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
Y. Sekiguchi
AFFILIATIONS
Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi City, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
D. Sellers
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
A. S. Sengupta
AFFILIATIONS
Indian Institute of Technology, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
D. Sentenac
AFFILIATIONS
European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
E. G. Seo
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
J. W. Seo
AFFILIATIONS
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Oude Markt 13, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
V. Sequino
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
Università di Napoli “Federico II”, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
M. Serra
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
G. Servignat
AFFILIATIONS
Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
A. Sevrin
AFFILIATIONS
Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
T. Shaffer
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
U. S. Shah
AFFILIATIONS
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
M. A. Shaikh
AFFILIATIONS
Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
L. Shao
AFFILIATIONS
Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Yiheyuan Road 5, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
A. K. Sharma
AFFILIATIONS
International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
P. Sharma
AFFILIATIONS
RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
S. Sharma-Chaudhary
AFFILIATIONS
Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
M. R. Shaw
AFFILIATIONS
Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
P. Shawhan
AFFILIATIONS
University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
N. S. Shcheblanov
AFFILIATIONS
NAVIER, École des Ponts, Univ Gustave Eiffel, CNRS. Marne-la-Vallée, France
Laboratoire MSME, Cité Descartes, 5 Boulevard Descartes, Champs-sur-Marne, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée Cedex 2, France
E. Sheridan
AFFILIATIONS
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
Y. Shikano
AFFILIATIONS
Institute of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
Institute for Quantum Studies, Chapman University, 1 University Dr., Orange, CA 92866, USA
M. Shikauchi
AFFILIATIONS
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
K. Shimode
AFFILIATIONS
Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, 238 Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
H. Shinkai
AFFILIATIONS
Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Osaka Institute of Technology, 1-79-1 Kitayama, Hirakata City, Osaka 573-0196, Japan
J. Shiota
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
D. H. Shoemaker
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
D. M. Shoemaker
AFFILIATIONS
University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
R. W. Short
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
S. ShyamSundar
AFFILIATIONS
RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
A. Sider
AFFILIATIONS
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, Belgium
H. Siegel
AFFILIATIONS
Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY 10010, USA
M. Sieniawska
AFFILIATIONS
Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
D. Sigg
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
L. Silenzi
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
Università di Camerino, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
M. Simmonds
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
L. P. Singer
AFFILIATIONS
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
A. Singh
AFFILIATIONS
The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
D. Singh
AFFILIATIONS
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
M. K. Singh
AFFILIATIONS
International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
S. Singh
AFFILIATIONS
Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
Astronomical Course, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
A. Singha
AFFILIATIONS
Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
A. M. Sintes
AFFILIATIONS
IAC3–IEEC, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
V. Sipala
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, I-95125 Catania, Italy
Università degli Studi di Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
V. Skliris
AFFILIATIONS
Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
B. J. J. Slagmolen
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
T. J. Slaven-Blair
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
J. Smetana
AFFILIATIONS
University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
J. R. Smith
AFFILIATIONS
California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA
L. Smith
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
R. J. E. Smith
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, School of Physics & Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
W. J. Smith
AFFILIATIONS
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
J. Soldateschi
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
Università di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino I-50019, Italy
INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, I-50125 Firenze, Italy
K. Somiya
AFFILIATIONS
Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
I. Song
AFFILIATIONS
National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan
K. Soni
AFFILIATIONS
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
S. Soni
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
V. Sordini
AFFILIATIONS
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IP2I Lyon / IN2P3, UMR 5822, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
F. Sorrentino
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
N. Sorrentino
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
H. Sotani
AFFILIATIONS
iTHEMS (Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences Program), RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
R. Soulard
AFFILIATIONS
Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Artemis, F-06304 Nice, France
A. Southgate
AFFILIATIONS
Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
V. Spagnuolo
AFFILIATIONS
Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
A. P. Spencer
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
M. Spera
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, Via Bonomea, 265, I-34136, Trieste TS, Italy
P. Spinicelli
AFFILIATIONS
European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
J. B. Spoon
AFFILIATIONS
Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
C. A. Sprague
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
A. K. Srivastava
AFFILIATIONS
Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
F. Stachurski
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
D. A. Steer
AFFILIATIONS
Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
J. Steinlechner
AFFILIATIONS
Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
S. Steinlechner
AFFILIATIONS
Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
N. Stergioulas
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
P. Stevens
AFFILIATIONS
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
M. StPierre
AFFILIATIONS
University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
G. Stratta
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali di Roma, 00133 Roma, Italy
Institut für Theoretische Physik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
INAF, Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
M. D. Strong
AFFILIATIONS
Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
A. Strunk
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
R. Sturani
AFFILIATIONS
Universidade Estadual Paulista, 01140-070 São Paulo, Brazil
A. L. Stuver
AFFILIATIONS
Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
Author notes
Deceased, 2024 September.
M. Suchenek
AFFILIATIONS
Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716, Warsaw, Poland
S. Sudhagar
AFFILIATIONS
Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716, Warsaw, Poland
N. Sueltmann
AFFILIATIONS
Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
L. Suleiman
AFFILIATIONS
California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA
K. D. Sullivan
AFFILIATIONS
Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
L. Sun
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
S. Sunil
AFFILIATIONS
Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
J. Suresh
AFFILIATIONS
Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
P. J. Sutton
AFFILIATIONS
Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
T. Suzuki
AFFILIATIONS
Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
Y. Suzuki
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
B. L. Swinkels
AFFILIATIONS
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
A. Syx
AFFILIATIONS
Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
M. J. Szczepańczyk
AFFILIATIONS
University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Ludwika Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
P. Szewczyk
AFFILIATIONS
Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
M. Tacca
AFFILIATIONS
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
H. Tagoshi
AFFILIATIONS
Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
S. C. Tait
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
H. Takahashi
AFFILIATIONS
Research Center for Space Science, Advanced Research Laboratories, Tokyo City University, 3-3-1 Ushikubo-Nishi, Tsuzuki-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 224-8551, Japan
R. Takahashi
AFFILIATIONS
Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
A. Takamori
AFFILIATIONS
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
T. Takase
AFFILIATIONS
Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, 238 Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
K. Takatani
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto-cho, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
H. Takeda
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kita-Shirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
K. Takeshita
AFFILIATIONS
Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
C. Talbot
AFFILIATIONS
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
M. Tamaki
AFFILIATIONS
Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
N. Tamanini
AFFILIATIONS
L2IT, Laboratoire des 2 Infinis—Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, CNRS/IN2P3, UPS, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
D. Tanabe
AFFILIATIONS
National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
K. Tanaka
AFFILIATIONS
Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, 238 Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
S. J. Tanaka
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
T. Tanaka
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kita-Shirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
D. Tang
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
S. Tanioka
AFFILIATIONS
Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
D. B. Tanner
AFFILIATIONS
University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
L. Tao
AFFILIATIONS
University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
R. D. Tapia
AFFILIATIONS
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
E. N. Tapia San Martín
AFFILIATIONS
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
R. Tarafder
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
C. Taranto
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” I-00185 Roma, Italy
A. Taruya
AFFILIATIONS
Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP), Kyoto University, Kita-Shirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
J. D. Tasson
AFFILIATIONS
Carleton College, Northfield, MN 55057, USA
M. Teloi
AFFILIATIONS
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, Belgium
R. Tenorio
AFFILIATIONS
IAC3–IEEC, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
H. Themann
AFFILIATIONS
California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
A. Theodoropoulos
AFFILIATIONS
Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
M. P. Thirugnanasambandam
AFFILIATIONS
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
L. M. Thomas
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
M. Thomas
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
P. Thomas
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
J. E. Thompson
AFFILIATIONS
CaRT, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
S. R. Thondapu
AFFILIATIONS
RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
K. A. Thorne
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
E. Thrane
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, School of Physics & Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
J. Tissino
AFFILIATIONS
Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy
A. Tiwari
AFFILIATIONS
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
P. Tiwari
AFFILIATIONS
Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy
S. Tiwari
AFFILIATIONS
University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
V. Tiwari
AFFILIATIONS
University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
M. R. Todd
AFFILIATIONS
Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
A. M. Toivonen
AFFILIATIONS
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
K. Toland
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
A. E. Tolley
AFFILIATIONS
University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, UK
T. Tomaru
AFFILIATIONS
Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
K. Tomita
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto-cho, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
T. Tomura
AFFILIATIONS
Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, 238 Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
C. Tong-Yu
AFFILIATIONS
National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
A. Toriyama
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
N. Toropov
AFFILIATIONS
University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
A. Torres-Forné
AFFILIATIONS
Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
Observatori Astronòmic, Universitat de València, E-46980 Paterna, València, Spain
C. I. Torrie
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
M. Toscani
AFFILIATIONS
L2IT, Laboratoire des 2 Infinis—Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, CNRS/IN2P3, UPS, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
I. Tosta e Melo
AFFILIATIONS
University of Catania, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Via S. Sofia, 64, 95123 Catania CT, Italy
E. Tournefier
AFFILIATIONS
Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules—IN2P3, F-74000 Annecy, France
A. Trapananti
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
Università di Camerino, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
F. Travasso
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
Università di Camerino, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
G. Traylor
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
M. Trevor
AFFILIATIONS
University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
M. C. Tringali
AFFILIATIONS
European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
A. Tripathee
AFFILIATIONS
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
G. Troian
AFFILIATIONS
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
L. Troiano
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
Dipartimento di Scienze Aziendali - Management and Innovation Systems (DISA-MIS), Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
A. Trovato
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
L. Trozzo
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
R. J. Trudeau
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
T. T. L. Tsang
AFFILIATIONS
Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
R. Tso
AFFILIATIONS
CaRT, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
Author notes
Deceased, 2023 July.
S. Tsuchida
AFFILIATIONS
National Institute of Technology, Fukui College, Geshi-cho, Sabae-shi, Fukui 916-8507, Japan
L. Tsukada
AFFILIATIONS
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
T. Tsutsui
AFFILIATIONS
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
K. Turbang
AFFILIATIONS
Universiteit Antwerpen, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium
Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
M. Turconi
AFFILIATIONS
Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Artemis, F-06304 Nice, France
C. Turski
AFFILIATIONS
Universiteit Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
H. Ubach
AFFILIATIONS
Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Martí i Franquès, 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica (FQA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Martí i Franqués, 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
T. Uchiyama
AFFILIATIONS
Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, 238 Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
R. P. Udall
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
T. Uehara
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Communications Engineering, National Defense Academy of Japan, 1-10-20 Hashirimizu, Yokosuka City, Kanagawa 239-8686, Japan
M. Uematsu
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto-cho, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
K. Ueno
AFFILIATIONS
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
S. Ueno
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
V. Undheim
AFFILIATIONS
University of Stavanger, 4021 Stavanger, Norway
T. Ushiba
AFFILIATIONS
Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, 238 Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
M. Vacatello
AFFILIATIONS
Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
H. Vahlbruch
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
N. Vaidya
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
G. Vajente
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
A. Vajpeyi
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, School of Physics & Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
G. Valdes
AFFILIATIONS
Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
J. Valencia
AFFILIATIONS
IAC3–IEEC, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
M. Valentini
AFFILIATIONS
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
S. A. Vallejo-Peña
AFFILIATIONS
Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
S. Vallero
AFFILIATIONS
INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
V. Valsan
AFFILIATIONS
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
N. van Bakel
AFFILIATIONS
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
M. van Beuzekom
AFFILIATIONS
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
M. van Dael
AFFILIATIONS
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
J. F. J. van den Brand
AFFILIATIONS
Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
C. Van Den Broeck
AFFILIATIONS
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
D. C. Vander-Hyde
AFFILIATIONS
Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
M. van der Sluys
AFFILIATIONS
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
A. Van de Walle
AFFILIATIONS
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
J. van Dongen
AFFILIATIONS
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
K. Vandra
AFFILIATIONS
Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
H. van Haevermaet
AFFILIATIONS
Universiteit Antwerpen, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium
J. V. van Heijningen
AFFILIATIONS
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
P. Van Hove
AFFILIATIONS
Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
M. VanKeuren
AFFILIATIONS
Kenyon College, Gambier, OH 43022, USA
J. Vanosky
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
M. H. P. M. van Putten
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea
Z. van Ranst
AFFILIATIONS
Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
N. van Remortel
AFFILIATIONS
Universiteit Antwerpen, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium
M. Vardaro
AFFILIATIONS
Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
A. F. Vargas
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
J. J. Varghese
AFFILIATIONS
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, AZ 86301, USA
V. Varma
AFFILIATIONS
University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA
M. Vasúth
AFFILIATIONS
HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary
Author notes
Deceased, 2024 February.
A. Vecchio
AFFILIATIONS
University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
G. Vedovato
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
J. Veitch
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
P. J. Veitch
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
S. Venikoudis
AFFILIATIONS
Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
J. Venneberg
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
P. Verdier
AFFILIATIONS
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IP2I Lyon / IN2P3, UMR 5822, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
D. Verkindt
AFFILIATIONS
Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules—IN2P3, F-74000 Annecy, France
B. Verma
AFFILIATIONS
University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA
P. Verma
AFFILIATIONS
National Center for Nuclear Research, 05-400 Świerk-Otwock, Poland
Y. Verma
AFFILIATIONS
RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
S. M. Vermeulen
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
F. Vetrano
AFFILIATIONS
Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo,” I-61029 Urbino, Italy
A. Veutro
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” I-00185 Roma, Italy
A. M. Vibhute
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
A. Viceré
AFFILIATIONS
Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo,” I-61029 Urbino, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
S. Vidyant
AFFILIATIONS
Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
A. D. Viets
AFFILIATIONS
Concordia University Wisconsin, Mequon, WI 53097, USA
A. Vijaykumar
AFFILIATIONS
Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada
A. Vilkha
AFFILIATIONS
Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
V. Villa-Ortega
AFFILIATIONS
IGFAE, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
E. T. Vincent
AFFILIATIONS
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
J.-Y. Vinet
AFFILIATIONS
Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Artemis, F-06304 Nice, France
S. Viret
AFFILIATIONS
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IP2I Lyon / IN2P3, UMR 5822, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
A. Virtuoso
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
S. Vitale
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
A. Vives
AFFILIATIONS
University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
H. Vocca
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
D. Voigt
AFFILIATIONS
Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
E. R. G. von Reis
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
J. S. A. von Wrangel
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
S. P. Vyatchanin
AFFILIATIONS
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
L. E. Wade
AFFILIATIONS
Kenyon College, Gambier, OH 43022, USA
M. Wade
AFFILIATIONS
Kenyon College, Gambier, OH 43022, USA
K. J. Wagner
AFFILIATIONS
Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
A. Wajid
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
M. Walker
AFFILIATIONS
Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
G. S. Wallace
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK
L. Wallace
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
H. Wang
AFFILIATIONS
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
J. Z. Wang
AFFILIATIONS
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
W. H. Wang
AFFILIATIONS
The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
Z. Wang
AFFILIATIONS
National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
G. Waratkar
AFFILIATIONS
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
J. Warner
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
M. Was
AFFILIATIONS
Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules—IN2P3, F-74000 Annecy, France
T. Washimi
AFFILIATIONS
Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
N. Y. Washington
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
D. Watarai
AFFILIATIONS
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
K. E. Wayt
AFFILIATIONS
Kenyon College, Gambier, OH 43022, USA
B. R. Weaver
AFFILIATIONS
Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
B. Weaver
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
C. R. Weaving
AFFILIATIONS
University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, UK
S. A. Webster
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
M. Weinert
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
A. J. Weinstein
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
R. Weiss
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
F. Wellmann
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
L. Wen
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
P. Wessels
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
K. Wette
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
J. T. Whelan
AFFILIATIONS
Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
B. F. Whiting
AFFILIATIONS
University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
C. Whittle
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
J. B. Wildberger
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
O. S. Wilk
AFFILIATIONS
Kenyon College, Gambier, OH 43022, USA
D. Wilken
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
A. T. Wilkin
AFFILIATIONS
University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
D. J. Willadsen
AFFILIATIONS
Concordia University Wisconsin, Mequon, WI 53097, USA
K. Willetts
AFFILIATIONS
Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
D. Williams
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
M. J. Williams
AFFILIATIONS
University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, UK
N. S. Williams
AFFILIATIONS
University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
J. L. Willis
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
B. Willke
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
M. Wils
AFFILIATIONS
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Oude Markt 13, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
J. Winterflood
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
C. C. Wipf
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
G. Woan
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
J. Woehler
AFFILIATIONS
Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
J. K. Wofford
AFFILIATIONS
Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
N. E. Wolfe
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
H. T. Wong
AFFILIATIONS
National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
H. W. Y. Wong
AFFILIATIONS
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
I. C. F. Wong
AFFILIATIONS
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
J. L. Wright
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
M. Wright
AFFILIATIONS
SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
C. Wu
AFFILIATIONS
National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan
D. S. Wu
AFFILIATIONS
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
H. Wu
AFFILIATIONS
National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan
E. Wuchner
AFFILIATIONS
California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA
D. M. Wysocki
AFFILIATIONS
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
V. A. Xu
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Y. Xu
AFFILIATIONS
University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
N. Yadav
AFFILIATIONS
Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716, Warsaw, Poland
H. Yamamoto
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
K. Yamamoto
AFFILIATIONS
Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
T. S. Yamamoto
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physics, Nagoya University, ES building, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
T. Yamamoto
AFFILIATIONS
Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, 238 Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
S. Yamamura
AFFILIATIONS
Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
R. Yamazaki
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
S. Yan
AFFILIATIONS
Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
T. Yan
AFFILIATIONS
University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
F. W. Yang
AFFILIATIONS
The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
F. Yang
AFFILIATIONS
Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
K. Z. Yang
AFFILIATIONS
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
Y. Yang
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 101 Univ. Street, Hsinchu, Taiwan
Z. Yarbrough
AFFILIATIONS
Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
H. Yasui
AFFILIATIONS
Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, 238 Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
S.-W. Yeh
AFFILIATIONS
National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan
A. B. Yelikar
AFFILIATIONS
Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
X. Yin
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
J. Yokoyama
AFFILIATIONS
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, WPI, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
T. Yokozawa
AFFILIATIONS
Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, 238 Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
J. Yoo
AFFILIATIONS
Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
H. Yu
AFFILIATIONS
CaRT, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
S. Yuan
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
H. Yuzurihara
AFFILIATIONS
Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, 238 Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
A. Zadrożny
AFFILIATIONS
National Center for Nuclear Research, 05-400 Świerk-Otwock, Poland
M. Zanolin
AFFILIATIONS
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, AZ 86301, USA
M. Zeeshan
AFFILIATIONS
Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
T. Zelenova
AFFILIATIONS
European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
J.-P. Zendri
AFFILIATIONS
INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
M. Zeoli
AFFILIATIONS
Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
M. Zerrad
AFFILIATIONS
Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Med, Institut Fresnel, F-13013 Marseille, France
M. Zevin
AFFILIATIONS
Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
A. C. Zhang
AFFILIATIONS
Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
L. Zhang
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
R. Zhang
AFFILIATIONS
University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
T. Zhang
AFFILIATIONS
University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
Y. Zhang
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
C. Zhao
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
Yue Zhao
AFFILIATIONS
The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
Yuhang Zhao
AFFILIATIONS
Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
Y. Zheng
AFFILIATIONS
Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
H. Zhong
AFFILIATIONS
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
R. Zhou
AFFILIATIONS
University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
X.-J. Zhu
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwai Street 19, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
Z.-H. Zhu
AFFILIATIONS
School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Bayi Road 299, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, People's Republic of China
Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwai Street 19, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
A. B. Zimmerman
AFFILIATIONS
University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
M. E. Zucker
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
J. Zweizig
AFFILIATIONS
LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
S. B. Araujo Furlan
AFFILIATIONS
Instituto Argentino de Radioastronom a (CCT La Plata, CONICET; CICPBA; UNLP), C.C.5, (1894) Villa Elisa, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Z. Arzoumanian
AFFILIATIONS
X-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
A. Basu
AFFILIATIONS
Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
A. Cassity
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
I. Cognard
AFFILIATIONS
LPC2E, OSUC, Univ Orleans, CNRS, CNES, Observatoire de Paris, F-45071 Orleans, France
Observatoire Radioastronomique de Nançay, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Universit d’Orléans, CNRS, 18330 Nançay, France
K. Crowter
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
S. del Palacio
AFFILIATIONS
Instituto Argentino de Radioastronom a (CCT La Plata, CONICET; CICPBA; UNLP), C.C.5, (1894) Villa Elisa, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
C. M. Espinoza
AFFILIATIONS
Departamento de Física, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Av. Víctor Jara 3493, Estación Central, Chile
Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Astrophysics and Space Sciences (CIRAS), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
E. Fonseca
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 6315, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
Center for Gravitational Waves and Cosmology, West Virginia University, Chestnut Ridge Research Building, Morgantown, WV, USA
C. M. L. Flynn
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn VIC 3122, Australia
G. Gancio
AFFILIATIONS
Instituto Argentino de Radioastronom a (CCT La Plata, CONICET; CICPBA; UNLP), C.C.5, (1894) Villa Elisa, Buenos Aires, Argentina
F. García
AFFILIATIONS
Instituto Argentino de Radioastronom a (CCT La Plata, CONICET; CICPBA; UNLP), C.C.5, (1894) Villa Elisa, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Facultad de Ciencias Astron micas y Geof sicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque, B1900FWA La Plata, Argentina
K. C. Gendreau
AFFILIATIONS
X-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
D. C. Good
AFFILIATIONS
Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA
Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, 196 Auditorium Road, U-3046, Storrs, CT 06269-3046, USA
L. Guillemot
AFFILIATIONS
LPC2E, OSUC, Univ Orleans, CNRS, CNES, Observatoire de Paris, F-45071 Orleans, France
Observatoire Radioastronomique de Nançay, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Universit d’Orléans, CNRS, 18330 Nançay, France
S. Guillot
AFFILIATIONS
IRAP, CNRS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 44346, F-31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
Université de Toulouse, CNES, UPS-OMP, F-31028 Toulouse, France
M. J. Keith
AFFILIATIONS
Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
L. Kuiper
AFFILIATIONS
SRON-Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Niels Bohrweg 4, 2333 CA, Leiden, The Netherlands
M. E. Lower
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn VIC 3122, Australia
CSIRO, Space and Astronomy, P.O. Box 76, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia
A. G. Lyne
AFFILIATIONS
Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
J. W. McKee
AFFILIATIONS
Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada
B. W. Meyers
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
J. L. Palfreyman
AFFILIATIONS
School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
A. B. Pearlman
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physics, McGill University, 3600 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada
McGill Space Institute, McGill University, 3550 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada
Author notes
Banting Fellow, McGill Space Institute (MSI) Fellow, and FRQNT Postdoctoral Fellow.
G. E. Romero
AFFILIATIONS
Instituto Argentino de Radioastronom a (CCT La Plata, CONICET; CICPBA; UNLP), C.C.5, (1894) Villa Elisa, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Facultad de Ciencias Astron micas y Geof sicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque, B1900FWA La Plata, Argentina
R. M. Shannon
AFFILIATIONS
OzGrav, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn VIC 3122, Australia
B. Shaw
AFFILIATIONS
Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
I. H. Stairs
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
B. W. Stappers
AFFILIATIONS
Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
C. M. Tan
AFFILIATIONS
International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
Department of Physics, McGill University, 3600 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada
McGill Space Institute, McGill University, 3550 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada
G. Theureau
AFFILIATIONS
LPC2E, OSUC, Univ Orleans, CNRS, CNES, Observatoire de Paris, F-45071 Orleans, France
Observatoire Radioastronomique de Nançay, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Universit d’Orléans, CNRS, 18330 Nançay, France
LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-92195 Meudon, France
M. Thompson
AFFILIATIONS
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
P. Weltevrede
AFFILIATIONS
Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
E. Zubieta
AFFILIATIONS
Instituto Argentino de Radioastronom a (CCT La Plata, CONICET; CICPBA; UNLP), C.C.5, (1894) Villa Elisa, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Facultad de Ciencias Astron micas y Geof sicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque, B1900FWA La Plata, Argentina
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Received
2025 January 2
Accepted
2025 February 3
Published
2025 April 10
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0004-637X/983/2/99
Abstract
Continuous gravitational waves (CWs) emission from neutron stars carries information about their internal structure and equation of state, and it can provide tests of general relativity. We present a search for CWs from a set of 45 known pulsars in the first part of the fourth LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA observing run, known as O4a. We conducted a targeted search for each pulsar using three independent analysis methods considering single-harmonic and dual-harmonic emission models. We find no evidence of a CW signal in O4a data for both models and set upper limits on the signal amplitude and on the ellipticity, which quantifies the asymmetry in the neutron star mass distribution. For the single-harmonic emission model, 29 targets have the upper limit on the amplitude below the theoretical spin-down limit. The lowest upper limit on the amplitude is 6.4 × 10
−27
for the young energetic pulsar J0537−6910, while the lowest constraint on the ellipticity is 8.8 × 10
−9
for the bright nearby millisecond pulsar J0437−4715. Additionally, for a subset of 16 targets, we performed a narrowband search that is more robust regarding the emission model, with no evidence of a signal. We also found no evidence of nonstandard polarizations as predicted by the Brans–Dicke theory.
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1. Introduction
Since their discovery in 1967, pulsars have been crucial in advancing our understanding of fundamental physics. These extremely dense and compact objects possess strong magnetic fields and rotate rapidly, emitting beams of electromagnetic (EM) radiation from hot spots near the poles or from the higher magnetosphere (A. Philippov & M. Kramer
2022
). EM observations across various wavelengths (radio, X-rays, and gamma rays) have provided detailed insights into pulsar properties, allowing precise measurements of pulsar parameters. Given their stability and predictability, pulsars present an excellent opportunity for the search of continuous gravitational waves (CWs) in the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA (LVK) data.
In contrast to transient gravitational waves (GWs) emitted by binary black hole (and neutron star) mergers (R. Abbott et al.
2021a
2021b
2023
), CWs have yet to be observed. These signals should be nearly monochromatic, with amplitude and frequency exhibiting small variations over year-long timescales.
CWs are expected from a time-varying nonaxisymmetric mass distribution in rotating neutron stars (M. Zimmermann & E. Szedenits
1979
). This could be the result of strain in the elastic crust (G. Ushomirsky et al.
2000
), accretion from a companion star (L. Bildsten
1998
; A. Melatos & D. J. B. Payne
2005
; F. Gittins & N. Andersson
2021
), or a strong inner magnetic field (S. Bonazzola & E. Gourgoulhon
1996
; C. Cutler
2002
). Alternatively, the deformation could be caused by fluid oscillations, such as those due to
-modes (N. Andersson
1998
; J. L. Friedman & S. M. Morsink
1998
). However, the sources of CWs are likely to possess smaller mass quadrupoles compared to the sources of transient GWs, resulting in a weaker signal. Therefore, for signals to be detectable with current detectors, we need to consider nearby sources integrating long stretches (months’ or years’ worth) of detector data.
Observation of CWs from a neutron star would yield crucial insights into the star’s structure and its equation of state (B. Haskell & M. Bejger
2023
; F. Gittins
2024
). Moreover, the form of the signal can be employed to test general relativity by measuring (or constraining) the presence of nonstandard polarizations (M. Isi et al.
2017
; B. P. Abbott et al.
2019a
). Possible mechanisms of CW emission from neutron stars are discussed in greater detail by K. Glampedakis & L. Gualtieri (
2018
) and K. Riles (
2023
).
The primary challenge for CW searches lies in accurately accounting for the various modulations that affect the signal received on the Earth. These include the Doppler effect due to the Earth’s motion, the pulsar’s rotational evolution (i.e., the slow spin-down), and relativistic effects. EM observations provide accurate measurements of the sky position and rotation parameters that allow us to predict and correct these modulations, thereby enhancing the search sensitivity.
Based on the knowledge of the source parameters, different strategies can be used to search for CW signals in LVK data (see K. Wette
2023
for a complete review of search methods).
Targeted searches
, the primary subject of this paper, aim to detect CWs from known pulsars, whose timing solutions can be calculated from known rotation phases and spin-down rates. Targeted searches use full-coherent methods that integrate data over long observation times, maintaining phase coherence over time. By assuming that the GW phase evolution follows the EM solution, the parameter space can be reduced to the unknown signal amplitude and polarization parameters. This assumption is relaxed in
narrowband searches
, which are performed in a narrow band around the frequency and spin-down rate (e.g., B. P. Abbott et al.
2017a
2019b
; R. Abbott et al.
2022b
). However, because these searches decrease the sensitivity and increase the computational cost, they are often performed on fewer targets.
Although several CW searches have been conducted in recent years, targeting both isolated pulsars and those in binary systems, so far none of these searches have produced evidence of CWs (e.g., B. P. Abbott et al.
2017b
2019c
; L. Nieder et al.
2019
2020
; R. Abbott et al.
2020
2021c
2022a
; A. Ashok et al.
2021
). In the absence of a signal, these searches set upper limits on the GW amplitude and on the ellipticity, the physical parameter that quantifies the asymmetry in the mass distribution. In many cases, these limits are more stringent than (i.e., said to have “surpassed”) the so-called
spin-down limit
, the theoretical limit calculated by assuming 100% of each pulsar’s spin-down luminosity to be radiated through GWs. In the most recent targeted search (R. Abbott et al.
2021c
2022a
) considering data from the third observing run O3, 24 pulsars surpassed their spin-down limits, including the Crab and Vela pulsars, J0537−6910, and two millisecond pulsars, J0437−4715 and J0711−6830. Additionally, searches for an
-mode emission are described in B. Rajbhandari et al. (
2021
) for the Crab and in L. Fesik & M. A. Papa (
2020
), B. Rajbhandari et al. (
2021
), and R. Abbott et al. (
2021d
) for J0537−6910. Continuous improvements in detector sensitivity and data analysis techniques are progressively enhancing our ability to detect these faint signals.
In this paper, we present a targeted search for CWs from a set of 45 known pulsars, considering LIGO data from the initial part of the most recent (fourth) LVK observing run, known as O4a run. Pulsar selection is based on the available EM observations (see Section
4.2
) and on the anticipated sensitivity for targeted searches near or below the spin-down limit. Considering two different emission models, we find no evidence of CW signals in the data, and we set upper limits on the amplitude and on the ellipticity for each target. Additionally, we perform a narrowband search for a subset of 16 targets and a search for nonstandard polarizations as predicted by the Brans–Dicke theory (C. Brans & R. H. Dicke
1961
).
The paper is structured as follows. In Section
, we briefly describe the expected signal for the emission models that we considered. The data analysis methods used in the paper are discussed in Section
, while in Section
we describe the EM and GW data used for the analysis. The results are summarized and discussed in detail in Sections
and
. Conclusions are reported in Section
2. Signal Model
2.1. Standard Signal
For the targeted search, we assume that the GW signal is locked to the rotational phase of the pulsar obtained through EM observations. For an isolated triaxial star, rotating steadily about one of its principal axes of inertia, the GW emission frequency is twice the pulsar’s spin frequency,
rot
. For the single-harmonic emission model, we search for signals at 2
rot
. However, there are additional mechanisms that could emit GWs at other frequencies. A superfluid component beneath the crust, rotating with a spin axis misaligned to the star’s rotation axis, would produce an additional emission at the rotation frequency, so that overall we have a dual-harmonic emission at both once and twice the rotation frequency (D. I. Jones
2010
). This would not impact the EM signature. Therefore, a dual-harmonic search is performed at both
rot
and 2
rot
. Additionally, a single-harmonic narrowband search is performed around 2
rot
, allowing for the possibility of a difference in rotation rate between the pulsation-producing magnetosphere and the part of the star responsible for the CW emission.
For the general dual-harmonic emission model, the signals
21
and
22
at
rot
and 2
rot
can be defined as (M. Pitkin et al.
2015
where
21
and
22
are the dimensionless constants that give the component amplitudes, the angles (
) are the R.A. and decl. of the source, the angles (ι,
) describe the orientation of the source’s spin axis with respect to the observer in terms of inclination and polarization,
and
are phase angles at a defined epoch, and Φ(
) is the rotational phase of the source. The antenna functions
and
describe how the two polarization components (plus and cross) are projected onto the detector. These waveforms are detailed in D. I. Jones (
2010
) and used in R. Abbott et al. (
2022a
).
For the triaxial star described earlier, which only emits GWs at 2
rot
21
in Equation (
) is 0, which leaves only Equation (
), which contains
22
. The amplitude
is defined as the amplitude of the circularly polarized signal observable for a source directly above or below the plane of the detector with its spin axis pointed directly toward or away from the detector. It can be calculated as
where
is the distance of the source. The equatorial ellipticity
for the triaxial star emitting GWs at only 2
rot
is defined as
where
xx
yy
, and
zz
are the source’s principal moments of inertia, with the star rotating about the
-axis. From the ellipticity, the pulsar’s mass quadrupole,
22
, can be calculated using (B. J. Owen
2005
The spin-down limit
of a source is given by
where
is the rotation frequency derivative, or spin-down rate. This limit is the maximum GW amplitude allowed, assuming all the lost rotational energy of the star is due to conversion into GW energy. It should be noted that there are two types of spin-down rates: observed, which can be affected by the transverse velocity of the source (e.g., the Shklovskii effect, described in I. S. Shklovskii
1970
), and intrinsic. Therefore, where possible, the intrinsic spin-down rate is used in calculating the spin-down limit.
2.2. Nonstandard Polarization Signal
In this paper, similar to the analysis in R. Abbott et al. (
2022a
), we search for GWs with polarizations predicted by the Brans–Dicke modification of general relativity (GR). Brans–Dicke theory includes two tensor polarizations, like in GR, and an additional scalar polarization. The dominant scalar radiation stems from the time-dependent dipole moment
. The dipole radiation occurs at the pulsar’s rotational frequency
rot
. Assuming the dipole moment is along the
-axis, the amplitude
of the signal is given by
where
is the parameter of the Brans–Dicke theory (see P. Verma
2021
for details).
3. Methods
In this section, we describe the data analysis methods used in this work: three independent pipelines for the targeted searches, one pipeline for the narrowband searches, and one pipeline for the nonstandard polarization searches. We use three targeted pipelines to compare independent results as our methods rely on different statistical approaches (Bayesian or frequentist) and on different preprocessings and handling of nonstationary or non-Gaussian noise disturbances in the data.
3.1. Time-domain Bayesian Method
The Continuous (gravitational) Wave Inference in Python (
CWInPy
) package is used to perform the Bayesian analysis (M. Pitkin
2022
) following the method described in B. P. Abbott et al. (
2019c
) and summarized here.
First, a complex, slowly evolving heterodyne is used to remove the phase evolution of the source. This includes corrections for the relative motion of the source with respect to the detector and relativistic effects (R. J. Dupuis & G. Woan
2005
). Then, a low-pass antialiasing filter is applied to the data to remove the upper sideband produced from the heterodyne and limit the possibility of disturbances from spectral lines. Next, the data is down-sampled, centered about the expected signal frequency, which has been shifted to 0 Hz by the heterodyne. For the dual-harmonic search, this method is repeated so that time series centered at both
rot
and 2
rot
are obtained.
There are several unknown signal parameters, with the amplitude being of primary interest. Bayesian inference is used to estimate these parameters as well as the evidence for the signal model. The priors used are the same as those detailed in Appendix 2 of B. P. Abbott et al. (
2017b
) except for the amplitude priors, for which we use flat priors with an upper cutoff much higher than the detector sensitivity. This value is 1.0 × 10
−21
for all pulsars. The Bayesian stochastic sampling algorithm used is
dynesty
(J. Skilling
2004
2006
; J. S. Speagle
2020
), as wrapped with
bilby
(G. Ashton et al.
2019
), with 1024 live points (the number of points drawn from the prior). In the absence of a signal, we calculate 95% credible upper bounds derived from the posterior probability distributions.
3.1.1. Restricted Priors
For some pulsars, there is sufficient information to restrict our uninformative prior assumptions on their inclination and polarization angles, for example if we have EM observations of their pulsar wind nebulae or, in the case of J1952+3252, from proper motion measurements and observations of H
lobes bracketing the bow shock (C.-Y. Ng & R. W. Romani
2004
). In these cases, the parameter estimation is repeated and used along with the results from the original uninformed priors. Table
shows the pulsars for which we could restrict the priors and the values used for the restrictions. These values were obtained using the data from Table 2 of C.-Y. Ng & R. W. Romani (
2008
) and the methods described in Appendix B of B. P. Abbott et al. (
2017b
). Each prior range is assumed to be Gaussian about the given mean and standard deviation. The two values for ι are to incorporate the unknown rotation direction in the search by using a bimodal distribution. The additional ι
is simply
− ι
radians.
Table 1.
Pulsars for Which We Can Restrict Their Orientation Priors Using EM Observations
Pulsar
Ψ (rad)
(rad)
(rad)
J0205+6449
1.5760  ±  0.0078
1.5896  ±  0.0219
1.5519  ±  0.0219
J0534+2200 (Crab)
2.1844  ±  0.0016
1.0850  ±  0.0149
2.0566  ±  0.0149
J0537−6910
2.2864  ±  0.0383
1.6197  ±  0.0165
1.5219  ±  0.0165
J0540−6919
2.5150  ±  0.0144
1.6214  ±  0.0106
1.5202  ±  0.0106
J0835−4510 (Vela)
2.2799  ±  0.0015
1.1048  ±  0.0105
2.0368  ±  0.0105
J1952+3252
0.2007  ±  0.1501
...
...
J2021+3651
0.7854  ±  0.0250
1.3788  ±  0.0390
1.7628  ±  0.0390
J2229+6114
1.7977  ±  0.0454
0.8029  ±  0.1100
2.3387  ±  0.1100
Note.
Ψ is the polarization angle, and ι is the inclination angle, with ι
− ι
in radiant (rad).
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3.1.2. Glitches
Glitches are transient events, where the normally stable pulsar spin suddenly increases in both rotation frequency and spin-down rate (C. M. Espinoza et al.
2011
; M. Yu et al.
2013
; A. Basu et al.
2022
). These events are most common in younger, nonrecycled pulsars, with rarer glitches seen in some millisecond pulsars (I. Cognard & D. C. Backer
2004
; J. W. McKee et al.
2016
). Some searches (e.g., D. Keitel et al.
2019
; R. Abbott et al.
2022b
; A. G. Abac et al.
2024a
) look for transient GWs in the aftermath of glitches.
When a glitch occurs in a pulsar during the course of a GW observing run, we assume that the GW phase is affected in the same way as the EM phase. However, since the phase offset is unknown at the time of the glitch, it is incorporated into the parameter inference for the Bayesian method. This adjustment is not necessary for pulsars that glitch before or after the observation period. Only two of the pulsars in our sample experienced glitches during the length of O4a: J0537−6910, with an epoch of ∼MJD 60223, and J0540−6919, with an epoch of ∼MJD 60150 (see, e.g., C. M. Espinoza et al.
2024
; Y. Tuo et al.
2024
).
3.2. 5-vector Targeted Pipeline
The 5-vector method is a frequentist data analysis approach (P. Astone et al.
2010
), which has been used in the last decade in several LVK searches (B. P. Abbott et al.
2017b
2019c
; R. Abbott et al.
2020
2022a
). The 5-vector targeted pipeline relies on the Band-Sampled Data (BSD; O. J. Piccinni et al.
2018
) framework, i.e., a database of subsampled complex time-domain files (so-called BSD files) that covers 10 Hz and spans 1 month of the original data set that allows us the computational cost of the analysis to be reduced.
To correct for signal phase modulations due to, for example, pulsar spin-down and the Doppler effect, a heterodyne method is used. Recently (L. D’Onofrio et al.
2023
), the 5-vector method has also been applied to pulsars in binary systems with the implementation of Doppler correction due to orbital motion (P. Leaci & R. Prix
2015
; P. Leaci et al.
2017
). After the spin-down and Doppler/relativistic corrections, there is a residual modulation at the detector due to the Earth sidereal motion that splits the frequency of the expected CW signal.
Assuming the single-harmonic emission scenario, the central peak at twice the pulsar rotation frequency has four sidebands whose distance to the central peak is ±1, ± 2
, where
is the Earth’s sidereal rotation frequency. A 5-vector consists of a complex array with five components corresponding to the Fourier transform of the detector’s data (
data 5-vector
) or of the antenna patterns (
template 5-vectors
for the plus and cross component) at the five signal frequencies. The 5-vector method defines two matched filters in the frequency domain, defined by the normalized scalar product between the data 5-vector and the two template 5-vectors. To extend the analysis to
detectors, the data 5-vector from each detector are combined together with coefficients that take into account the detector’s sensitivity and observation time to construct the 5
-vectors (L. D’Onofrio et al.
2024
). The two matched filters are linearly combined to define a detection statistic (L. D’Onofrio et al.
2023
). To assess the significance of a candidate, a
-value is computed from the noise distribution of the detection statistic using off-source frequencies as the noise background in the analyzed frequency bands. In case of no detection, a mixed Bayesian-frequentist upper limit procedure (described in B. P. Abbott et al.
2019c
) is used to set the upper limit on the amplitude, assuming a uniform prior and considering informative priors on the polarization parameters, if present (see Table
).
It is not straightforward to generalize the 5-vector method to the dual-harmonic emission model due to the complexity of the expected CW signal. In this case, an additional analysis considering the emission at only the rotation frequency is performed; this would be a good approximation if the star’s moment of inertia tensor is biaxial, with a small misalignment angle between its symmetry axis and the rotation axis (see D. I. Jones
2010
).
3.3.
-/
-/
-statistic Method
The time-domain
-/
-/
-statistic method utilizes the
-statistic derived in P. Jaranowski et al. (
1998
) and the
-statistic derived in P. Jaranowski & A. Królak (
2010
). The input data for this analysis are the heterodyned data used in time-domain Bayesian analysis. The
-statistic is employed when the amplitude, phase, and polarization of the signal are unknown, whereas the
-statistic is applied when only the amplitude and phase are unknown, and the polarization is known (as described in Section
3.1.1
). These methods have been used in several analyses of LIGO and Virgo data (J. Abadie et al.
2011
; J. Aasi et al.
2014
; B. P. Abbott et al.
2017b
; R. Abbott et al.
2020
2022a
). Additionally, the method incorporates the
-statistic developed in P. Verma (
2021
) to search for dipole radiation in the Brans–Dicke theory. The
-statistic search was first performed in the LIGO and Virgo analysis presented in R. Abbott et al. (
2022a
).
The three statistics are derived by calculating the maximum likelihood estimators of the signal’s constant amplitude parameters. This is done by maximizing the likelihood function and then substituting the amplitude values with their respective maximum likelihood estimators. As a result, we obtain statistics that are independent of the amplitudes. In this method, a signal is detected if the value of the
-,
-, or
-statistic exceeds a certain threshold corresponding to an acceptable false-alarm probability. We consider a false-alarm probability of 1% for a signal to be deemed significant. The
-,
-, and
-statistics are computed for each detector and each interglitch period separately. The results from different detectors or interglitch periods are then combined incoherently by summing the respective statistics. When the values of the statistics are not statistically significant, we set an upper limit with a frequentist approach on the amplitude of the GW signal.
3.4. 5
-vector Narrowband Pipeline
The 5
-vector narrowband pipeline makes use of the 5
-vector as in P. Astone et al. (
2014
) and follows the same principle of the method described in Section
3.2
While the former searches for a CW tightly locked to the EM emission, this assumption is here relaxed, searching for CWs in a narrow frequency and spin-down range around twice the values inferred from EM observations, namely
with
= 10
−3
(R. Abbott et al.
2022b
) and an analogous expression for
The method makes use of the Short Fourier Data Base (SFDB; P. Astone et al.
2005
), which is a collection of short-duration (2048 s) fast Fourier transforms overlapped by half.
For every target, data are Doppler corrected in the time domain with a nonuniform resampling that is independent of the CW frequency, then they are subsampled at 1 Hz. At this point, the time series are match-filtered (using
5-vectors
as for the targeted search) to estimate the two CW polarizations using a template bank in the
̇ space. We build the template bank considering bin widths equal to the inverse of the time series duration for the frequency, while we use its inverse squared for the spin-down grid. Higher-order spin-down terms, if provided in the ephemerides, are fixed at twice the rotation terms to track the GW frequency evolution over time, without exploring any additional template (P. Astone et al.
2014
).
Then, the matched filter results from different detectors are coherently combined (S. Mastrogiovanni et al.
2017
) to evaluate the detection statistic. From the collection of statistic values, we order them along the frequency axis to select the maximum every 10
−4
Hz, marginalizing over the spin-down. We use a
-value threshold (i.e., the tail probability of the noise-only distribution) of 1% to determine whether a selected point has to be considered an outlier. The noise-only distribution is inferred from the tail of the histogrammed nonmaxima values, which is fitted with an exponential (A. Singhal et al.
2019
). We use here a threshold of 1%, similar to previous searches (e.g., R. Abbott et al.
2022b
), after taking into account the trial factor.
If CW detection is not claimed, we set the 95% confidence level upper limit
through software-injection campaigns.
4. Data Sets
4.1. GW Data Set
The considered data set is the first part of the fourth observing run, known as O4a, of the LIGO Livingston (L1) and LIGO Hanford (H1) detectors.
342
The O4a run took place between 2023 May 24 15:00:00 UTC and ended January 16 2024 16:00:00 UTC. The duty factors for L1 and H1 were 69.0% and 67.5%, respectively. The Virgo detector has not been considered since it joined the O4 run on 2024 April 10 while the KAGRA detector is planned to join O4 by the end of the run. For a description of the upgrades to the Advanced LIGO (E. Capote et al.
2025
), Advanced Virgo, and KAGRA detectors in preparation for the O4 run, we refer to Appendix A in A. G. Abac et al. (
2024b
).
The LIGO detectors are calibrated using photon radiation pressure actuation, where an amplitude-modulated laser beam is directed onto the end test masses, causing a known change in the arm length from the equilibrium position (S. Karki et al.
2016
; A. D. Viets et al.
2018
). For the O4a data used in this analysis, the worst 1
calibration uncertainty is within 10% in amplitude, and 10° in phase, over the range 10–2000 Hz. The uncertainty at specific frequencies or times can be significantly smaller.
The data set used underwent cleaning processes depending on the data framework used by each pipeline (we refer to S. Soni et al. (
2024
) for more details on data quality for CW searches). For the Bayesian pipeline, outliers are removed before the heterodyne using a median-absolute-deviation method as described in Chapter 3 of B. Iglewicz & D. Hoaglin (
1993
) with a threshold of 3.5. Concerning the 5-vector targeted pipeline, two cleaning steps are applied. First, short-duration time-domain disturbances are identified and subtracted from the data when the SFDB—from which BSD files are built—are created (this cleaning step is shared with the 5-vector narrowband search, which also starts from the SFDB; P. Astone et al.
2005
). A second cleaning step is applied to the BSD files (O. J. Piccinni et al.
2018
), removing large time-domain outliers, which were not visible in the full band time series, with quadratic values larger than 10 times the quadratic sum of the medians of the data's real and imaginary parts (computed over nonzero samples). The
-,
-, or
-statistic method performs further cleaning of the fine heterodyne data through the Grubbs test (see Appendix D of J. Abadie et al.
2011
).
4.2. EM Data Set
The timing solutions used as inputs for the GW search were produced with EM data in the gamma-ray, X-ray, and radio wavelengths. The gamma-ray timing solutions were obtained from Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT; W. B. Atwood et al.
2009
); X-ray timing solutions were obtained from Chandra (M. C. Weisskopf et al.
2002
) and the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER; K. C. Gendreau et al.
2016
), while the radio timing solutions were obtained from the Nançay Radio Telescope (L. Guillemot et al.
2023
), the Jodrell Bank Observatory (JBO), Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía (IAR; G. Gancio et al.
2020
), the Mount Pleasant Radio Observatory (D. R. Lewis et al.
2003
), the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST; R. Smits et al.
2009
), and the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME; M. Amiri et al.
2021
).
For the radio-emitting pulsars, we used
pazi
or
rfifind
tasks in PSRCHIVE (W. van Straten et al.
2012
) and PRESTO (S. Ransom
2011
) packages, respectively, to mitigate radio-frequency interferences. Next, we folded observations with
prepfold
or
fold_psrfits
tasks in PRESTO and PSRFITS UTILS (A. W. Hotan et al.
2004
) packages. We then cross-correlated the folded profiles with a noise-free template profile with a high signal-to-noise ratio to obtain the times of arrivals (ToAs). Next, we select ToAs during the course of the O4a run, so the solutions are valid for this time range. We use
Tempo
(D. Nice et al.
2015
),
Tempo2
(R. T. Edwards et al.
2006
; G. B. Hobbs et al.
2006
; G. Hobbs et al.
2009
), or PINT (J. Luo et al.
2019
; J. Luo et al.
2021
) to characterize the rotation of each pulsar by fitting the ToAs to a Taylor series expansion:
where
is the reference epoch,
is the phase at
, and
rot
and
are the rotation frequency of the pulsar, and its first and second derivatives, respectively. If higher-order derivatives are measured, we also include the corresponding terms in the Taylor expansion.
During a glitch, the rotation frequency abruptly increases. This glitch-induced alteration in the rotational phase can be taken into account in the timing model as (M. Yu et al.
2013
The uncertainty on the glitch epoch
is counteracted here by Δ
, and the step changes in
rot
, and
at
are represented by
, and
. Finally,
denotes temporal frequency increases that decay in
days.
The ToA-fitting process also provides the astrometric parameters of each pulsar and the orbital parameters for binary pulsars (D. R. Lorimer & M. Kramer
2004
). Uncertainties in the values of the pulsar and orbital parameters derived from fitting the ToAs are not taken into account in targeted/narrowband searches.
For many pulsars, their distances (G. Hobbs et al.
2004
) are based on the observed dispersion measure using the Galactic electron density distribution model YMW16 (J. M. Yao et al.
2017
). The uncertainties in these measurements can be as large as a factor of 2. For other pulsars, the distance can be determined by measuring the parallax with the timing solution (R. Smits et al.
2011
) or, if the pulsar is in a binary system, the orbital period derivative (J. P. W. Verbiest et al.
2008
). The first method usually results in an uncertainty ranging from 5% to 50% (M. Shamohammadi et al.
2024
). The second one offers significantly higher accuracy, achieving uncertainties as low as 0.1% (J. P. W. Verbiest et al.
2008
; D. J. Reardon et al.
2016
). Other methods such as very long baseline interferometry (R. Lin et al.
2023
) were also used to determine pulsar distances.
For this analysis, we selected pulsars with a rotation frequency close to or greater than 10Hz, to lie in the bandwidth of the LIGO detectors, and with an expected targeted search sensitivity for the strain amplitude within a factor 3 of the spin-down limit (see Figure
for the pulsars’ sky locations and Table
for the list of analyzed pulsars). Out of the 45 pulsars analyzed in this work, 11 pulsars belong to binary systems, and there are 10 millisecond pulsars with frequencies higher than 100 Hz.
Figure 1.
Sky location in equatorial coordinates of the analyzed targets. All targets are selected for the targeted search, while the triangles are the targets also analyzed with the narrowband search.
Download figure:
Standard image
High-resolution image
Table 2.
Results for the Targeted Search on the Set of 45 Known Pulsars for the Three Considered Pipelines Described in Section
Pulsar Name
rot
Distance
Analysis
95%
Statistic
Statistic
(J2000)
(Hz)
(Hz s
−1
(kpc)
Method
(kg m
=2,
=1,2
=2,
=2
J0030+0451
205.5
−4.2 × 10
−16
0.3 (a)
3.5 × 10
−27
Bayesian
1.0 × 10
−26
1.9 × 10
−8
1.5 × 10
30
2.9
1.1 × 10
−26
5.2 × 10
−27
−5.1
−10
-statistic
1.4 × 10
−26
2.7 × 10
−8
J0537 2.1 × 10
30
4.1
1.6 × 10
−26
6.5 × 10
−27
0.47
0.04
-vector
9.3 × 10
−27
1.7 × 10
−8
1.3 × 10
30
2.6
5.8 × 10
−27
0.61
0.038
J0058−7218
45.94
−6.1 × 10
−11
59.70 (b)
1.56 × 10
−26
Bayesian
8.8 × 10
−27
5.9 × 10
−5
4.5 × 10
33
0.56
2.4 × 10
−26
4.4 × 10
−27
−5.3
−10
-statistic
4.9 × 10
−27
3.3 × 10
−5
2.5 × 10
33
0.31
3.5 × 10
−26
6.2 × 10
−27
0.32
0.86
-vector
6.5 × 10
−27
4.4 × 10
−5
3.4 × 10
33
0.41
9.4 × 10
−27
0.80
J0117+5914
9.86
−5.69 × 10
−13
1.77 (c)
1.1 × 10
−25
Bayesian
1.7 × 10
−25
7.4 × 10
−4
5.8 × 10
34
1.6
7.7 × 10
−23
8.8 × 10
−26
−3.8
−4.9
-statistic
2.3 × 10
−25
1.0 × 10
−3
7.8 × 10
34
2.2
8.4 × 10
−23
1.2 × 10
−25
0.39
0.06
-vector
3.2 × 10
−25
1.4 × 10
−3
1.1 × 10
35
2.9
0.87
J0205+6449
15.22
−4.49 × 10
−11
3.20 (d)
4.33 × 10
−25
Bayesian
3.2(4.2) × 10
−26
1.0(1.4) × 10
−4
8.0(10) × 10
33
0.073(0.096)
5.6(4.8) × 10
−25
1.5(2.0) × 10
−26
−4.7(-4.5)
-8.3(-8.3)
-statistic
2.4(4.4) × 10
−26
0.8(1.5) × 10
−4
6.0(10) × 10
33
0.055(0.10)
1.3(0.56) × 10
−24
1.1(2.2) × 10
−26
0.24(0.44)
0.75(0.47)
-vector
2.2(3.4) × 10
−26
0.72(1.1) × 10
−4
5.6(8.6) × 10
33
0.051(0.078)
(5.7) × 10
−25
0.86
0.84
J0437−4715
173.69
−4.15 × 10
−16
0.16 (e)
7.95 × 10
−27
Bayesian
7.2 × 10
−27
8.8 × 10
−9
6.8 × 10
29
0.90
1.1 × 10
−26
3.4 × 10
−27
-5.4
-10
-statistic
9.0 × 10
−27
1.1 × 10
−8
8.5 × 10
29
1.1
1.5 × 10
−26
4.4 × 10
−27
0.31
0.26
-vector
5.8 × 10
−27
7.1 × 10
−9
5.5 × 10
29
0.32
5.1 × 10
−27
0.75
0.38
J0534+2200
29.95
−3.78 × 10
−10
2.00 (f)
1.43 × 10
−24
Bayesian
1.1(0.9) × 10
−26
5.9(5.0) × 10
−6
4.6(3.9) × 10
32
0.0078(0.0067)
6.6(6.0) × 10
−26
5.4(4.5) × 10
−27
−5.1(-5.2)
-9.5(-9.2)
-statistic
1.5(1.2) × 10
−26
8.0(6.3) × 10
−6
6.3(4.9) × 10
32
0.011(0.0085)
9.4(7.0) × 10
−26
8.8(6.1) × 10
−27
0.19(0.18)
0.30(0.36)
-vector
1.1(1.1) × 10
−26
5.7(5.8) × 10
−6
4.3(4.4) × 10
32
0.0074(0.0075)
2.6(2.6) × 10
−26
0.97
0.44
J0537−6910
62.03
−1.99 × 10
−10
49.70 (g)
2.91 × 10
−26
Bayesian
6.4(8.9) × 10
−27
2.0(2.7) × 10
−5
1.5(2.1) × 10
33
0.22(0.31)
2.4(1.4) × 10
−26
3.0(4.7) × 10
−27
−5.5(-5.3)
-10.2(-10.4)
-statistic
8.8(4.5) × 10
−27
2.7(1.4) × 10
−5
2.0(1.0) × 10
33
0.29(0.15)
3.2(9.0) × 10
−26
2.0(2.9) × 10
−27
0.24(0.25)
1.00(0.92)
-vector
0.79(1.2) × 10
−26
2.4(3.7) × 10
−5
1.9(2.8) × 10
33
0.27(0.41)
0.98(1.5) × 10
−26
0.45
0.34
J0540−6919
19.77
−1.87 × 10
−10
49.70 (g)
4.99 × 10
−26
Bayesian
2.7(3.4) × 10
−26
8.1(10) × 10
−4
6.3(7.9) × 10
34
0.54(0.69)
1.9(1.6) × 10
−25
1.4(1.7) × 10
−26
−4.6(-4.2)
-8.5(-8.4)
-statistic
2.9(2.9) × 10
−26
8.6(8.6) × 10
−4
6.7(6.7) × 10
34
0.58(0.58)
2.9(8.8) × 10
−25
1.4(1.5) × 10
−26
0.53(0.34)
0.32(0.45)
-vector
1.6(2.4) × 10
−26
4.8(7.3) × 10
−4
3.7(5.6) × 10
34
0.27(0.41)
3.7(5.7) × 10
−25
0.66
0.76
J0614−3329
317.59
−1.76 × 10
−15
0.63 (h)
3.01 × 10
−27
Bayesian
1.1 × 10
−26
1.6 × 10
−8
1.2 × 10
30
3.6
8.9 × 10
−27
5.4 × 10
−27
−5.1
-10
-statistic
1.1 × 10
−26
3.1 × 10
−8
2.4 × 10
30
3.6
1.0 × 10
−26
5.3 × 10
−27
0.66
0.31
-vector
8.0 × 10
−27
1.2 × 10
−8
9.1 × 10
29
2.7
7.3 × 10
−27
0.15
0.21
J0737−3039A
44.05
−3.41 × 10
−15
1.10 (i)
6.45 × 10
−27
Bayesian
8.9 × 10
−27
1.2 × 10
−6
9.2 × 10
31
1.4
1.8 × 10
−26
4.3 × 10
−27
−5.3
-10
-statistic
7.5 × 10
−27
1.0 × 10
−6
7.6 × 10
31
1.2
1.7 × 10
−25
6.4 × 10
−27
0.99
0.87
-vector
6.2 × 10
−27
8.3 × 10
−7
6.4 × 10
31
0.96
1.4 × 10
−26
0.49
0.92
J0835−4510
11.19
−1.57 × 10
−11
0.28 (i)
3.41 × 10
−24
Bayesian
9.0(7.7) × 10
−26
4.7(4.1) × 10
−5
3.7(3.1) × 10
33
0.026(0.023)
2.9(2.4) × 10
−24
4.1(3.7) × 10
−26
−4.1(-4.1)
-7.1(-7.1)
-statistic
8.2(8.2) × 10
−26
4.4(4.3) × 10
−5
3.4(3.3) × 10
33
0.024(0.024)
3.5(2.3) × 10
−24
4.0(3.9) × 10
−26
0.65(0.81)
0.45(0.19)
-vector
8.5(8.7) × 10
−26
4.5(4.6) × 10
−5
3.5(3.6) × 10
33
0.025(0.025)
2.7(2.8) × 10
−24
0.66
0.17
J1231−1411
271.45
−5.92 × 10
−16
0.42 (c)
2.83 × 10
−27
Bayesian
1.2 × 10
−26
1.6 × 10
−8
1.2 × 10
30
4.1
1.2 × 10
−26
5.9 × 10
−27
−4.6
-9.9
-statistic
1.2 × 10
−26
1.6 × 10
−8
1.2 × 10
30
4.1
1.7 × 10
−26
5.9 × 10
−27
0.14
0.14
-vector
6.6 × 10
−27
8.9 × 10
−9
6.9 × 10
29
1.4
5.4 × 10
−27
0.68
0.51
J1412+7922
17.18
−9.72 × 10
−13
3.30 (j)
5.81 × 10
−26
Bayesian
3.1 × 10
−26
8.2 × 10
−5
6.3 × 10
33
0.53
9.9 × 10
−25
1.4 × 10
−26
−4.7
-8.0
-statistic
2.5 × 10
−26
6.6 × 10
−5
5.1 × 10
33
0.43
1.2 × 10
−24
1.3 × 10
−26
0.17
0.57
-vector
2.3 × 10
−26
6.4 × 10
−5
4.9 × 10
33
0.4
4.0 × 10
−25
0.44
J1537+1155
26.38
−1.65 × 10
−15
0.93 (k)
6.82 × 10
−27
Bayesian
1.3 × 10
−26
4.0 × 10
−6
3.1 × 10
32
1.8
8.5 × 10
−26
5.6 × 10
−27
−5.2
-9.6
-statistic
1.3 × 10
−26
4.0 × 10
−6
3.1 × 10
32
1.8
7.1 × 10
−26
6.4 × 10
−27
0.62
0.91
-vector
1.6 × 10
−26
5.0 × 10
−6
3.9 × 10
32
2.3
3.3 × 10
−26
0.90
0.22
J1623−2631
90.29
−5.26 × 10
−15
1.85 (l)
3.33 × 10
−27
Bayesian
8.5 × 10
−27
4.6 × 10
−7
3.5 × 10
31
2.6
1.4 × 10
−26
4.1 × 10
−27
−5.2
-10
-statistic
1.0 × 10
−26
5.4 × 10
−7
4.1 × 10
31
3.1
1.2 × 10
−26
5.2 × 10
−27
0.79
0.19
-vector
5.6 × 10
−27
3.0 × 10
−7
2.3 × 10
31
1.2
6.8 × 10
−27
0.78
0.68
J1719−1438
172.71
−2.22 × 10
−16
0.34 (c)
2.72 × 10
−27
Bayesian
8.7 × 10
−27
2.3 × 10
−8
1.8 × 10
30
3.2
1.3 × 10
−26
3.7 × 10
−27
−5.3
-10
-statistic
7.4 × 10
−27
2.0 × 10
−8
1.6 × 10
30
2.8
2.0 × 10
−26
3.5 × 10
−27
0.20
0.51
-vector
7.4 × 10
−27
2.0 × 10
−8
1.5 × 10
30
2.6
7.0 × 10
−27
0.33
0.14
J1744−1134
245.43
−4.34 × 10
−16
0.40 (e)
2.72 × 10
−27
Bayesian
9.2 × 10
−27
1.4 × 10
−8
1.1 × 10
30
3.4
1.1 × 10
−26
4.4 × 10
−27
−5.0
-10
-statistic
1.4 × 10
−26
2.1 × 10
−8
1.7 × 10
30
5.2
1.2 × 10
−26
7.1 × 10
−27
0.34
0.02
-vector
5.7 × 10
−27
8.8 × 10
−9
6.8 × 10
29
1.9
8.8 × 10
−27
0.11
0.69
J1745−0952
51.61
−2.3 × 10
−16
0.23 (c)
7.5 × 10
−27
Bayesian
1.1 × 10
−26
2.1 × 10
−7
1.6 × 10
31
1.4
2.6 × 10
−26
5.0 × 10
−27
−5.3
-9.7
-statistic
8.6 × 10
−27
1.6 × 10
−7
1.3 × 10
31
1.4
1.6 × 10
−26
4.4 × 10
−27
0.66
0.62
-vector
1.2 × 10
−26
2.5 × 10
−7
1.9 × 10
31
1.6
1.1 × 10
−26
0.91
0.023
J1756−2251
35.14
−1.26 × 10
−15
0.73 (m)
6.6 × 10
−27
Bayesian
1.1 × 10
−26
1.5 × 10
−6
1.2 × 10
32
1.6
5.6 × 10
−26
5.4 × 10
−27
−5.1
-9.4
-statistic
1.6 × 10
−26
2.2 × 10
−6
1.7 × 10
32
2.3
6.3 × 10
−26
7.1 × 10
−27
0.17
0.22
-vector
1.0 × 10
−26
1.5 × 10
−6
1.1 × 10
32
1.6
3.1 × 10
−26
0.031
0.31
J1809−1917
12.08
−3.73 × 10
−12
3.27 (c)
1.37 × 10
−25
Bayesian
8.1 × 10
−26
4.3 × 10
−4
3.3 × 10
34
0.59
3.0 × 10
−24
3.9 × 10
−26
−4.2
-7.0
-statistic
7.9 × 10
−26
4.7 × 10
−4
3.6 × 10
34
0.65
4.3 × 10
−24
3.9 × 10
−26
0.52
0.05
-vector
4.0 × 10
−26
2.1 × 10
−4
1.6 × 10
34
0.28
2.7 × 10
−24
0.079
0.64
J1811−1925
15.46
−1.05 × 10
−11
5.00 (n)
1.33 × 10
−25
Bayesian
2.6 × 10
−26
1.3 × 10
−4
1.0 × 10
34
0.20
7.3 × 10
−25
1.3 × 10
−26
−4.8
-8.1
-statistic
3.3 × 10
−26
1.7 × 10
−4
1.3 × 10
34
0.25
4.3 × 10
−25
1.7 × 10
−26
0.67
0.85
-vector
3.3 × 10
−26
1.6 × 10
−4
1.2 × 10
34
0.24
6.1 × 10
−25
0.23
0.23
J1813−1246
20.80
−7.6 × 10
−12
2.63 (o)
1.85 × 10
−25
Bayesian
1.5 × 10
−26
2.2 × 10
−5
1.7 × 10
33
0.082
1.4 × 10
−25
7.8 × 10
−27
−5.0
-9.1
-statistic
3.1 × 10
−26
4.7 × 10
−5
3.4 × 10
33
0.055
1.3 × 10
−25
1.5 × 10
−26
0.72
0.07
-vector
1.6 × 10
−26
2.3 × 10
−5
1.8 × 10
33
0.087
7.7 × 10
−26
0.73
0.50
J1813−1749
22.35
−6.34 × 10
−11
6.15 (c)
2.21 × 10
−25
Bayesian
2.4 × 10
−26
6.9 × 10
−5
5.3 × 10
33
0.11
8.8 × 10
−26
1.2 × 10
−26
−4.4
-8.7
-statistic
3.1 × 10
−26
8.9 × 10
−5
6.8 × 10
33
0.14
5.3 × 10
−26
1.5 × 10
−26
0.91
0.02
-vector
1.8 × 10
−26
5.3 × 10
−5
4.1 × 10
33
0.083
6.6 × 10
−26
0.53
0.12
J1823−3021A
183.82
−1.14 × 10
−13
8.02 (l)
2.5 × 10
−27
Bayesian
7.5 × 10
−27
4.2 × 10
−7
3.3 × 10
31
3.0
1.6 × 10
−26
4.0 × 10
−27
−5.2
-9.7
-statistic
4.9 × 10
−27
2.7 × 10
−7
2.2 × 10
31
2.0
2.3 × 10
−26
3.5 × 10
−27
0.12
0.78
-vector
4.5 × 10
−27
2.5 × 10
−7
1.9 × 10
31
1.8
6.5 × 10
−27
0.40
0.91
J1824−2452A
327.41
−1.73 × 10
−13
5.37 (l)
3.45 × 10
−27
Bayesian
8.1 × 10
−27
9.6 × 10
−8
7.4 × 10
30
2.4
1.5 × 10
−26
3.7 × 10
−27
−5.2
-10.0
-statistic
7.0 × 10
−27
8.3 × 10
−8
6.4 × 10
30
2.4
2.2 × 10
−26
3.3 × 10
−27
0.10
0.70
-vector
6.3 × 10
−27
7.4 × 10
−8
5.8 × 10
30
1.8
7.2 × 10
−27
0.17
0.64
J1826−1334
9.85
−7.31 × 10
−12
3.61 (c)
1.93 × 10
−25
Bayesian
1.5 × 10
−25
1.3 × 10
−3
1.0 × 10
35
0.79
4.9 × 10
−23
7.0 × 10
−26
−3.8
-5.7
-statistic
1.5 × 10
−25
1.3 × 10
−3
1.0 × 10
35
0.79
3.7 × 10
−23
7.6 × 10
−26
0.42
0.39
-vector
4.3 × 10
−25
3.7 × 10
−3
2.9 × 10
35
2.2
0.42
J1828−1101
13.88
−2.85 × 10
−12
4.77 (c)
7.67 × 10
−26
Bayesian
4.2 × 10
−26
2.5 × 10
−4
1.9 × 10
34
0.55
5.3 × 10
−24
2.1 × 10
−26
−4.6
-7.4
-statistic
3.5 × 10
−26
2.1 × 10
−4
1.6 × 10
34
0.46
3.1 × 10
−24
2.1 × 10
−26
0.98
0.75
-vector
5.9 × 10
−26
3.5 × 10
−4
2.7 × 10
34
0.78
3.8 × 10
−24
0.66
0.19
J1831−0952
14.87
−1.84 × 10
−12
3.68 (c)
7.7 × 10
−26
Bayesian
4.2 × 10
−26
1.6 × 10
−4
1.3 × 10
34
0.54
6.4 × 10
−25
1.9 × 10
−26
−4.6
-8.0
-statistic
3.2 × 10
−26
1.2 × 10
−4
0.99 × 10
34
0.41
9.1 × 10
−25
2.1 × 10
−26
0.44
0.64
-vector
2.9 × 10
−26
1.2 × 10
−4
9.0 × 10
33
0.38
5.2 × 10
−25
0.85
0.77
J1833−0827
11.72
−1.26 × 10
−12
4.50 (i)
5.88 × 10
−26
Bayesian
6.2 × 10
−26
4.8 × 10
−4
3.7 × 10
34
1.0
2.7 × 10
−24
3.0 × 10
−26
−4.4
-7.2
-statistic
5.4 × 10
−26
4.2 × 10
−4
3.2 × 10
34
0.87
3.5 × 10
−24
2.8 × 10
−26
0.40
0.66
-vector
6.4 × 10
−26
4.9 × 10
−4
3.8 × 10
34
1.1
2.4 × 10
−24
0.43
0.35
J1837−0604
10.38
−4.84 × 10
−12
4.78 (c)
1.15 × 10
−25
Bayesian
7.8 × 10
−26
8.2 × 10
−4
6.3 × 10
34
0.68
5.6 × 10
−24
3.6 × 10
−26
−4.4
-7.0
-statistic
8.8 × 10
−26
9.3 × 10
−4
7.1 × 10
34
0.77
1.2 × 10
−24
3.6 × 10
−27
0.97
0.95
-vector
9.3 × 10
−26
9.8 × 10
−4
7.6 × 10
34
0.80
4.7 × 10
−24
0.98
0.43
J1838−0655
14.18
−9.9 × 10
−12
6.60 (p)
1.02 × 10
−25
Bayesian
6.6 × 10
−26
5.1 × 10
−4
4.0 × 10
34
0.65
1.3 × 10
−24
3.4 × 10
−26
−3.8
-6.7
-statistic
7.1 × 10
−26
5.5 × 10
−4
4.3 × 10
34
0.70
2.6 × 10
−24
3.6 × 10
−26
0.15
0.04
-vector
4.2 × 10
−26
3.3 × 10
−4
2.5 × 10
34
0.41
8.3 × 10
−25
0.69
0.29
J1849−0001
25.96
−9.54 × 10
−12
7.00 (q)
6.98 × 10
−26
Bayesian
1.4 × 10
−26
3.3 × 10
−5
2.6 × 10
33
0.19
1.3 × 10
−25
6.0 × 10
−27
−5.2
-9.1
-statistic
1.7 × 10
−26
4.0 × 10
−5
3.2 × 10
33
0.23
1.4 × 10
−25
8.1 × 10
−27
0.18
0.47
-vector
1.4 × 10
−26
3.4 × 10
−5
2.6 × 10
33
0.2
6.3 × 10
−26
0.078
0.77
J1856+0245
12.36
−9.49 × 10
−12
6.32 (c)
1.12 × 10
−25
Bayesian
5.8 × 10
−26
5.7 × 10
−4
4.4 × 10
34
0.52
1.3 × 10
−24
2.9 × 10
−26
−4.4
-7.8
-statistic
5.3 × 10
−26
5.2 × 10
−4
4.0 × 10
34
0.48
1.8 × 10
−24
2.5 × 10
−26
0.69
0.66
-vector
5.2 × 10
−26
5.1 × 10
−4
4.0 × 10
34
0.47
1.4 × 10
−24
0.85
0.40
J1913+1011
27.85
−2.62 × 10
−12
4.61 (c)
5.36 × 10
−26
Bayesian
1.1 × 10
−26
1.6 × 10
−5
1.2 × 10
33
0.21
6.5 × 10
−26
5.2 × 10
−27
−5.2
-9.7
-statistic
1.2 × 10
−26
1.7 × 10
−5
1.3 × 10
33
0.23
4.0 × 10
−26
5.8 × 10
−27
0.96
0.60
-vector
1.2 × 10
−26
1.8 × 10
−5
1.4 × 10
33
0.23
3.6 × 10
−26
0.89
0.35
J1925+1720
13.22
−1.83 × 10
−12
5.05 (c)
5.94 × 10
−26
Bayesian
5.9 × 10
−26
4.1 × 10
−4
3.1 × 10
34
1.0
2.2 × 10
−24
2.8 × 10
−26
−4.2
-6.2
-statistic
5.4 × 10
−26
3.8 × 10
−4
2.8 × 10
34
0.92
4.2 × 10
−24
2.9 × 10
−26
0.03
0.33
-vector
6.8 × 10
−26
4.6 × 10
−4
3.6 × 10
34
1.1
1.5 × 10
−24
0.29
0.014
J1935+2025
12.48
−9.47 × 10
−12
4.60 (c)
1.53 × 10
−25
Bayesian
5.5 × 10
−26
3.8 × 10
−4
3.0 × 10
34
0.36
1.5 × 10
−24
2.6 × 10
−26
−4.6
-7.8
-statistic
4.8 × 10
−26
3.3 × 10
−4
2.6 × 10
34
0.31
7.7 × 10
−25
2.3 × 10
−26
0.98
0.69
-vector
3.7 × 10
−26
2.6 × 10
−4
2.0 × 10
34
0.24
1.6 × 10
−24
0.57
0.81
J1952+3252
25.30
−3.74 × 10
−12
3.00 (i)
1.03 × 10
−25
Bayesian
1.1(1.0) × 10
−26
1.2(1.1) × 10
−5
9.2(8.2) × 10
32
0.10(0.09)
1.9(68) × 10
−25
4.2(2.8) × 10
−27
−5.3(-5.4)
-8.6(-8.2)
-statistic
1.0 × 10
−26
1.1 × 10
−5
8.4 × 10
32
0.091
2.2 × 10
−25
4.4 × 10
−27
0.03
0.77
-vector
1.1(1.1) × 10
−26
1.2(1.2) × 10
−5
9.1(9.5) × 10
32
0.1(0.11)
5.1(5.1) × 10
−26
0.54
0.72
J2016+3711
19.68
−2.81 × 10
−11
6.10 (r)
1.58 × 10
−25
Bayesian
2.0 × 10
−26
7.4 × 10
−5
5.7 × 10
33
0.13
1.6 × 10
−25
8.8 × 10
−27
−5.0
-9.1
-statistic
3.2 × 10
−26
1.2 × 10
−4
9.1 × 10
33
0.21
1.2 × 10
−25
1.7 × 10
−26
0.84
0.07
-vector
3.0 × 10
−26
2.4 × 10
−4
1.9 × 10
34
0.41
3.8 × 10
−25
0.62
0.020
J2021+3651
9.64
−8.89 × 10
−12
1.80 (s)
4.3 × 10
−25
Bayesian
2.3(2.2) × 10
−25
1.0(1.0) × 10
−3
8.0(7.7) × 10
34
0.53(0.51)
6.0(5.0) × 10
−23
1.1(1.1) × 10
−25
−3.1(-3.2)
-4.9(-5.2)
-statistic
2.2(2.1) × 10
−25
0.96(0.95) × 10
−3
7.7(7.4) × 10
34
0.51(0.49)
2.0(1.3) × 10
−22
1.1(1.1) × 10
−25
0.09(0.65)
0.08(0.13)
-vector
2.8(4.0) × 10
−25
1.3(1.8) × 10
−3
1(1.4) × 10
35
0.66(0.93)
J2022+3842
20.59
−3.65 × 10
−11
10.00 (t)
1.07 × 10
−25
Bayesian
1.9 × 10
−26
1.0 × 10
−4
8.1 × 10
33
0.18
1.4 × 10
−25
8.6 × 10
−27
−5.0
-9.1
-statistic
1.7 × 10
−26
8.9 × 10
−5
7.2 × 10
33
0.16
8.0 × 10
−26
9.0 × 10
−27
0.90
0.60
-vector
1.4 × 10
−26
7.5 × 10
−5
5.8 × 10
33
0.13
6.3 × 10
−26
0.77
J2043+2740
10.40
−1.37 × 10
−13
1.48 (c)
6.26 × 10
−26
Bayesian
1.1 × 10
−25
3.7 × 10
−4
2.8 × 10
34
1.8
1.2 × 10
−23
5.2 × 10
−26
−4.1
-6.0
-statistic
1.0 × 10
−25
3.4 × 10
−4
2.5 × 10
34
1.6
1.3 × 10
−23
4.4 × 10
−26
0.42
0.78
-vector
7.9 × 10
−26
2.5 × 10
−4
2.0 × 10
34
1.2
6.9 × 10
−24
0.26
0.65
J2124−3358
202.79
−2.94 × 10
−16
0.41 (e)
2.37 × 10
−27
Bayesian
9.2 × 10
−27
2.2 × 10
−8
1.7 × 10
30
3.9
9.9 × 10
−27
4.8 × 10
−27
−5.0
-10
-statistic
9.7 × 10
−27
2.3 × 10
−8
1.8 × 10
30
4.1
9.5 × 10
−27
4.8 × 10
−27
0.78
0.23
-vector
5.4 × 10
−27
1.3 × 10
−8
9.8 × 10
29
1.3
5.1 × 10
−27
0.73
0.62
J2214+3000
320.59
−1.31 × 10
−15
0.60 (u)
2.71 × 10
−27
Bayesian
9.0 × 10
−27
1.2 × 10
−8
9.6 × 10
29
3.3
8.6 × 10
−27
4.6 × 10
−27
−5.3
-10
-statistic
4.5 × 10
−27
0.60 × 10
−8
4.8 × 10
29
1.7
9.0 × 10
−27
5.8 × 10
−27
0.81
0.87
-vector
5.4 × 10
−27
7.4 × 10
−9
5.7 × 10
29
1.8
7.5 × 10
−27
0.11
0.84
J2222−0137
30.47
−4.99 × 10
−16
0.27 (v)
1.22 × 10
−26
Bayesian
1.3 × 10
−26
9.0 × 10
−7
6.9 × 10
31
1.1
4.1 × 10
−26
6.4 × 10
−27
−5.1
-9.7
-statistic
2.2 × 10
−26
1.5 × 10
−6
1.2 × 10
32
1.9
5.0 × 10
−26
1.1 × 10
−26
0.93
0.06
-vector
1.3 × 10
−26
9.1 × 10
−7
7.0 × 10
31
3.3
4.9 × 10
−26
0.016
0.15
J2229+6114
19.36
−2.9 × 10
−11
3.00 (w)
3.29 × 10
−25
Bayesian
1.5(0.9) × 10
−26
2.8(1.8) × 10
−5
2.2(1.4) × 10
33
0.045(0.028)
1.8(1.6) × 10
−25
6.8(4.6) × 10
−27
−5.1(-5.3)
-9.2(-9.4)
-statistic
1.5(0.63) × 10
−26
2.9(1.2) × 10
−5
2.2(0.98) × 10
33
0.046(0.032)
2.9(2.5) × 10
−25
4.7(2.5) × 10
−27
0.24(0.41)
0.99(0.99)
-vector
1.3(0.99) × 10
−26
2.4(1.9) × 10
−5
1.8(1.4) × 10
33
0.037(0.029)
3.9(3.2) × 10
−27
0.75
0.88
Note.
The last two columns refer to the significance of the data against the noise hypothesis (
for the dual-harmonic emission model,
for the single-harmonic emission model). For the Bayesian method, the columns show the base-10 logarithm of the Bayesian odds, comparing coherent signal model modes to incoherent signal models. For the F-statistic and the 5
-vector methods, the columns show the
-value (for the 5n-vector method, considering a signal at just the
= 2 ,
= 1 mode for the dual-harmonic emission model). The following is a list of references for pulsar ephemeris data used in this analysis: Nançay:
; NICER:
; JBO:
; IAR:
; Hobart:
; FAST:
; CHIME:
; Chandra:
; Fermi-LAT:
References.
The following is a list of references for pulsar distances and intrinsic period derivatives, and they should be consulted for information on the associated uncertainties on these quantities: (a) H. Ding et al. (
2023
), (b) J. Storm et al. (
2004
), (c) J. M. Yao et al. (
2017
), (d) D. A. Roberts et al. (
1993
), (e) D. J. Reardon et al. (
2016
), (f) V. Trimble (
1968
), (g) A. R. Walker (
2012
), (h) C. G. Bassa et al. (
2016
), (i) J. P. W. Verbiest et al. (
2012
), (j) S. Mereghetti et al. (
2021
), (k) H. Ding et al. (
2021
), (l) H. Baumgardt & E. Vasiliev (
2021
), (m) R. D. Ferdman et al. (
2014
), (n) D. A. Green et al. (
1988
), (o) D. F. Torres et al. (
2019
), (p) L. C.-C. Lin et al. (
2009
), (q) H. E. S. S. Collaboration et al. (
2018
), (r) Q.-C. Liu et al. (
2024
), (s) A. Kirichenko et al. (
2015
), (t) Z. Arzoumanian et al. (
2011
), (u) L. Guillemot et al. (
2016
), (v) Y. J. Guo et al. (
2021
), (w) J. P. Halpern et al. (
2001
).
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5. Results
5.1. Targeted Searches
We found no statistical evidence of a CW signal in the O4a data for any of the analyzed targets. In this section, we present the results of the targeted search conducted using three different analysis methods across the full set of 45 pulsars.
The results are shown in Table
. The 95% upper limit
is given for the single-harmonic search along with the mass quadrupole
and ellipticity
95%
upper limits calculated using the distance listed in the table and a fiducial moment of inertia
zz
= 10
38
kg m
. Uncertainties on these parameters are not taken into account, and for reference, we report the used best-fit distance values in Table
provided by the EM observation. However, for pulsars that did not surpass their spin-down limits, these
22
and
upper limits are unphysical since they would lead to spin-down rates that are greater than their measured values. From the upper limit on the amplitude, we also compute the spin-down ratio as
with
defined in Equation (
). The upper limits for the dual-harmonic search are included as
and
. Finally, for the Bayesian method, the odds of a coherent signal versus incoherent noise are given for both the single
and dual-harmonic
searches. For the
-statistic and 5-vector method, to assess the statistical significance of a candidate and quantify the consistency with the assumption of just noise, we report the
-value.
For the two glitching pulsars, J0537−6910 and J0540−6919, the Bayesian results are produced when incorporating an additional phase offset in the parameter inference, while for the
-statistic and 5-vector method, an incoherent approach is used summing the statistics from the interglitch periods. In cases with sufficient observations of the pulsar wind nebulae, results using restricted priors of inclination and polarization angles are listed in parentheses.
Figure
shows the upper limits from the Bayesian analysis for the single-harmonic search against an estimate of the sensitivity of the search using both detectors during O4a. The results for each pulsar are compared with the corresponding spin-down limit. The results from this analysis for each pulsar are represented by the blue stars, with their corresponding spin-down limit shown by the gray triangles at the same frequency. The sensitivity curve is shown as a pink line. Some highlighted results for individual pulsars include the Crab pulsar (J0534+2200), which had the lowest spin-down ratio of 0.00783, the Vela pulsar (J0835−4510), J2021+3651, which had the highest odds of coherent signal versus incoherent noise with −3.1, J0537−6910, which had the most constraining amplitude upper limit of 6.38 × 10
−27
, and J0437−4715, which had the most constraining ellipticity upper limit of 8.8 × 10
−9
. The distribution of spin-down ratios for these results is shown in Figure
with 29 targets that surpass the spin-down limit and the remaining targets, which all have a spin-down ratio below 5.
Figure 2.
Upper limits on
for the 45 pulsars in this analysis using the time-domain Bayesian method and considering the single-harmonic emission model. The blue stars show 95% credible upper limits on the amplitudes of
. Gray triangles represent the spin-down limits for each pulsar (based on the distance measurement stated in Table
and assuming the canonical moment of inertia). The pink curve gives an estimate of the expected strain sensitivity of both detectors combined during the course of O4a. The upper limits from the other two pipelines are broadly consistent, as shown in Table
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Figure 3.
A histogram of the spin-down ratio considering the single-harmonic emission model for 45 pulsars from the Bayesian analysis.
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In Figure
, the ellipticity
95%
and mass quadrupole
upper limits are plotted against the GW frequency and compared with the corresponding spin-down limits for the ellipticity. The contours of equal characteristic age have been calculated using
, which can be derived with the assumption that GW emission alone is driving the spin-down.
Figure 4.
95% credible upper limits on ellipticity
95%
and mass quadrupole
for all 45 pulsars using the Bayesian analysis method and considering the single-harmonic emission model. The upper limits for each pulsar are represented by blue circles while their spin-down limits are shown as gray triangles. Also included are purple contour lines of equal characteristic age
, assuming that GW emission alone is causing spin-down. Only the results for pulsars that surpassed their spin-down are physically meaningful. The histogram on the right shows the distribution of the ellipticities obtained from the results (blue filled bars) and in the spin-down limit (gray bars).
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As shown in Table
, there is broad agreement among the different pipelines, despite these pipelines being largely independent, and the statistical procedures used to derive the upper limits are different. The data frameworks and preprocessing procedures used by each pipeline account for the differences found in the upper limit results.
5.2. Narrowband Results
In this section, we detail the results obtained with the narrowband pipeline, presented in Section
3.4
. The search did not highlight, for any of the 16 considered targets, outliers with a false-alarm probability (FAP) < 10
−2
after taking into account the trial factor.
For the narrowband search, we consider only those targets with
above the expected sensitivity that is typically worse by a factor of 2 (P. Astone et al.
2014
) than that of targeted pipelines due to the trial factor. In this way, we selected 16 pulsars out of which eight have not been analyzed in O3 (R. Abbott et al.
2022b
). Our data set includes the two pulsars that glitched, J0537–6910 and J0540–6919. Similar to O3, for these pulsars we split O4a data into two segments that exclude from the analysis the period around [
-1 d,
+2 d], with
the glitch epoch. The segments are then analyzed independently.
The search did not highlight any statistically significant outlier since the measured
-values are well above the threshold set by a FAP of 10
−2
corrected for the trial factor. In Table
, we report for each target the lowest
-value found during the analysis and the threshold.
Table 3.
Upper Limits on the Strain Amplitude Set with the Narrowband Search for Each of the Considered Targets
Pulsar Name
trials
Lowest
-value
Threshold
-value
(J2000)
×10
×10
−26
×10
−5
×10
−11
J0205+6449
90
9.60
0.22
1.54
1.10
J0534+2200
1383
4.16
0.03
0.77
0.07
J0537-6910
298
3.52
1.21
0.13
0.33
J0537-6910 pg
119
3.75
1.29
0.84
J0540-6919
11
14.23
2.45
0.44
8.95
J0540-6919 pg
248
7.38
1.27
0.02
0.40
J0835-4510
23
21.53
0.06
8.50
4.18
J1811-1925
23
9.71
0.72
0.45
4.29
J1813-1246
24
5.81
0.31
4.07
4.03
J1813-1749
182
5.17
0.23
0.04
0.55
J1838-0655
21
12.98
1.27
2.93
4.68
J1913+1011
15
4.14
0.77
1.40
6.45
J1935+2025
16
17.84
1.17
0.63
5.94
J1952+3252
18
4.24
0.41
1.06
5.55
J2016+3711
73
6.31
0.40
1.37
1.37
J2021+3651
12
37.11
0.86
0.25
7.73
J2022+3842
99
5.80
0.54
0.25
1.01
J2229+6114
77
6.19
0.19
0.62
1.28
Note.
As a reference, we also list the number of templates, N
trials
, in the
̇ plane. We also report the lowest
-value found in the analysis with the corresponding threshold set after correcting a FAP of 10
−2
for the trial factor. The nomenclature “pg” identifies the postglitch analysis.
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In the absence of any detections, we have calculated upper limits at the 95% confidence level for each of the analyzed targets. Our results are listed in Table
and shown in Figure
, comparing them with the expected sensitivity.
Figure 5.
Expected sensitivity of the narrowband search using the O4a (shaded pink region) data set from the two LIGO detectors considering the single-harmonic emission model. The curve is compared with the spin-down limits (triangles) and the upper limits (stars) averaged over all the 10
−4
Hz bands for each source. Upper limits below the spin-down limit are highlighted with orange circles.
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5.3. Brans–Dicke Theory
Table
shows the results for the analyses of 45 pulsars using the
-statistic to search for dipole radiation predicted by the Brans–Dicke theory. No outliers have been found in the analysis, and we set upper limits on the expected amplitude defined in Equation (
). The upper limits in parentheses show the results using informative priors on the polarization parameters for the pulsars in Table
Table 4.
Limits on GW Amplitude from Dipole Radiation in the Brans–Dicke Theory
Pulsar Name
rot
Distance
FAP
(J2000)
(Hz)
(Hz s
−1
(kpc)
J0030+0451
205.53
−4.23 × 10
−16
0.33
8.77 × 10
−27
0.98
J0058−7218
45.94
−6.1 × 10
−11
59.70
3.02 × 10
−26
0.73
J0117+5914
9.86
−5.69 × 10
−13
1.77
2.03 × 10
−23
J0205+6449
15.22
−4.49 × 10
−11
3.20
3.78(2.57) × 10
−25
0.99(0.79)
J0437−4715
173.69
−4.15 × 10
−16
0.16
8.13 × 10
−27
0.98
J0534+2200
29.95
−3.78 × 10
−10
2.00
1.37(0.86) × 10
−25
0.46(0.99)
J0537−6910
62.03
−1.99 × 10
−10
49.70
1.84(1.11) × 10
−26
0.98(0.60)
J0540−6919
19.77
−1.87 × 10
−10
49.70
2.41(1.44) × 10
−25
0.92(0.36)
J0614−3329
317.59
−1.76 × 10
−15
0.63
1.78 × 10
−26
0.56
J0737−3039A
44.05
−3.41 × 10
−15
1.10
4.08 × 10
−26
0.83
J0835−4510
11.19
−1.57 × 10
−11
0.28
4.12(2.73) × 10
−24
0.80(0.33)
J1231−1411
271.45
−5.92 × 10
−16
0.42
3.21 × 10
−26
J1412+7922
17.18
−9.72 × 10
−13
3.30
5.56 × 10
−26
0.93
J1537+1155
26.38
−1.65 × 10
−15
0.93
5.93 × 10
−26
0.97
J1623−2631
90.29
−5.26 × 10
−15
1.85
3.10 × 10
−25
0.77
J1719−1438
172.71
−2.22 × 10
−16
0.34
5.44 × 10
−27
J1744−1134
245.43
−4.34 × 10
−16
0.40
1.60 × 10
−26
0.92
J1745−0952
51.61
−2.3 × 10
−16
0.23
4.30 × 10
−26
0.81
J1756−2251
35.14
−1.26 × 10
−15
0.73
5.29 × 10
−26
0.64
J1809−1917
12.08
−3.73 × 10
−12
3.27
3.25 × 10
−24
0.90
J1811−1925
15.46
−1.05 × 10
−11
5.00
6.20 × 10
−25
0.98
J1813−1246
20.80
−7.6 × 10
−12
2.63
3.60 × 10
−25
0.44
J1813−1749
22.35
−6.34 × 10
−11
6.15
1.09 × 10
−25
0.97
J1823−3021A
183.82
−1.14 × 10
−13
8.02
1.84 × 10
−26
0.58
J1824−2452A
327.41
−1.73 × 10
−13
5.37
2.08 × 10
−26
0.49
J1826−1334
9.85
−7.31 × 10
−12
3.61
3.69 × 10
−25
0.98
J1828−1101
13.88
−2.85 × 10
−12
4.77
3.68 × 10
−24
J1831−0952
14.87
−1.84 × 10
−12
3.68
1.13 × 10
−24
0.87
J1833−0827
11.72
−1.26 × 10
−12
4.50
3.79 × 10
−24
0.82
J1837−0604
10.38
−4.84 × 10
−12
4.78
9.77 × 10
−24
0.91
J1838−0655
14.18
−9.9 × 10
−12
6.60
2.91 × 10
−24
0.51
J1849−0001
25.96
−9.54 × 10
−12
7.00
1.70 × 10
−25
0.34
J1856+0245
12.36
−9.49 × 10
−12
6.32
7.32 × 10
−25
J1913+1011
27.85
−2.62 × 10
−12
4.61
8.43 × 10
−26
0.88
J1925+1720
13.22
−1.83 × 10
−12
5.05
4.00 × 10
−24
0.70
J1935+2025
12.48
−9.47 × 10
−12
4.60
1.57 × 10
−24
0.95
J1952+3252
25.30
−3.74 × 10
−12
3.00
1.01 × 10
−25
0.78
J2016+3711
19.68
−2.81 × 10
−11
6.10
1.91 × 10
−25
0.90
J2021+3651
9.64
−8.89 × 10
−12
1.80
1.32(0.61) × 10
−22
0.39(0.08)
J2022+3842
20.59
−3.65 × 10
−11
10.00
7.44 × 10
−24
0.67
J2043+2740
10.40
−1.37 × 10
−13
1.48
3.93 × 10
−24
0.97
J2214+3000
320.59
−1.31 × 10
−15
0.60
5.68 × 10
−27
J2222−0137
30.47
−4.99 × 10
−16
0.27
5.21 × 10
−26
0.96
J2229+6114
19.36
−2.9 × 10
−11
3.00
2.31(1.61) × 10
−25
0.86(0.25)
Note.
For references and other notes, see Table
. Values in parentheses are those produced using the restricted orientation priors described in Section
3.1.1
. The last column shows the FAP for a signal, assuming that the
value has a
distribution with two degrees of freedom.
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6. Discussion
In this section, we discuss the results in Table
. Motivated by the comparable results among the three pipelines, we consider the Bayesian pipeline as a reference. As described in the previous section, we have no evidence of a CW signal in any of the searches we conducted.
We compare the O4a results with previous targeted searches by the LVK Collaboration (B. P. Abbott et al.
2017b
2019c
; R. Abbott et al.
2020
2022a
), considering the first three observing runs. The ratio between the O4a upper limits on
and
21
and the corresponding upper limits set in previous searches is shown in Figure
Figure 6.
Blue unfilled stars show the ratio between the O4a
upper limits for the analyzed targets (excluding the glitching pulsars), assuming the single-harmonic model divided by the corresponding
upper limits in R. Abbott et al. (
2022a
) for the Bayesian method as a function of the corresponding frequency at twice the rotation frequency (red circles refer instead to the
21
parameter at the rotation frequency assuming the dual-harmonic model). Blue filled stars show the
upper limit ratios considering the targets (J0205+6449, J0737−3039A, J1813−1246, J1831−0952, J1837−0604) analyzed using data from the second observing run O2 (B. P. Abbott et al.
2019c
) and from the first observing run O1 (blue asterisk for J1826−1334; B. P. Abbott et al.
2017b
).
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Thirty-four pulsars out of the 45 considered targets in Table
have been already analyzed in the joint O2+O3 analysis (R. Abbott et al.
2022a
). Overall, the corresponding upper limits on the GW amplitude are comparable for the single-harmonic search, with some targets showing better results in O4a and some targets having worse results than those in R. Abbott et al. (
2022a
); see Figure
. This is expected since the targeted search sensitivity of the O2+O3 data set is comparable to the O4a one, except at very low frequencies. The targeted search sensitivity can be expressed in terms of minimum detectable amplitude (L. D’Onofrio et al.
2025
),
min
. For a multidetector analysis considering
detectors and averaging over the sky position and polarization parameters,
where the factor
≃ 11 (the exact value depending on the considered pipeline), while
and
are, respectively, the effective observation time and the average power spectral density (PSD) for the
th detector. For the O4a targeted search sensitivity (with an observation time of approximately 1.3 × 10
s for both detectors), see the pink curve in Figure
. The O4a targeted searches have a sensitivity depth
of around 500; here,
is the power spectrum taking the harmonic mean of the data over time and over detectors, and
the upper limit on the pulsar amplitude (K. Wette
2023
; B. Behnke et al.
2015
; C. Dreissigacker et al.
2018
).
The O4a PSDs for the two LIGO detectors are generally better, by almost a factor of 1.5–2, compared to the corresponding O3 PSD
343
depending on the considered frequency band. However, the effective observation time for O4a is reduced by a factor of approximately 1.6, which diminishes the benefit of the improved detector sensitivity in O4a. As a result, we expect the sensitivity of the O4a search to be comparable to that of the combined O2+O3 search. Upper limits on
21
, on the other hand, are lower on average than the corresponding O2+O3 results due to a better search sensitivity at frequencies below 20 Hz.
For the remaining targets, five pulsars (J0205+6449, J0737−3039A, J1813−1246, J1831−0952, and J1837−0604) have been analyzed in the O2 search (B. P. Abbott et al.
2019c
), and J1826−1334 has been analyzed in the O1 search (B. P. Abbott et al.
2017b
). For these pulsars, we have a clear improvement in the upper limits, as shown in Figure
. The remaining targets (J0058−7218, J1811−1925, J2016+3711, J2021+3651, J2022+3842) have not been analyzed in recent targeted searches, and we surpass the spin-down limit for all these targets.
Many studies have been dedicated to illustrate how a future successful detection of CW will provide a wealth of information about neutron stars (see, e.g., M. Sieniawska & D. I. Jones
2022
; N. Lu et al.
2023
), and even help to constrain the nuclear equation of state (see, e.g., A. Idrisy et al.
2015
; S. Ghosh
2023
; S. Ghosh et al.
2023
). It is interesting to note that, with improving sensitivity of the searches with each observing run, even nondetection of a CW signal sets more and more stringent upper limits on the ellipticity and possible sources of nonaxisymmetric deformations in rotating neutron stars. This may lead to a better understanding of properties of the crust, internal magnetic fields, and accretion physics (L. Bildsten
1998
; A. Melatos & D. J. B. Payne
2005
; R. Ciolfi & L. Rezzolla
2013
), and even rule out certain scenarios related to
-modes or limit their maximum saturation amplitudes (R. Abbott et al.
2021d
).
Theoretical estimates of the
maximum
mountain sizes that an elastically deformed neutron star can sustain are subject to significant uncertainties, with estimates for the ellipticity
ranging from ∼10
−6
for conventional neutron stars, to as large as ∼10
−3
for stars with exotic solid phases (see, e.g., G. Ushomirsky et al.
2000
; B. J. Owen
2005
; B. Haskell et al.
2007
; N. K. Johnson-McDaniel & B. J. Owen
2013
; F. Gittins & N. Andersson
2021
; J. A. Morales & C. J. Horowitz
2022
). Comparison with the results given in Figure
and Table
show that our observationally obtained upper limits overlap with these ranges, confirming we are continuing to push into the regime of astrophysical interest. Estimates for magnetically induced ellipticities are similarly uncertain (see, e.g., B. Haskell et al.
2008
; K. Glampedakis et al.
2012
; K. Fujisawa et al.
2022
). Nevertheless, to give a concrete example, S. Dall’Osso & R. Perna (
2017
) have suggested that the apparent gradual increase in the angle between the spin axis and magnetic axis of the Crab pulsar provides evidence for a magnetically induced ellipticity
∼ (3–10) × 10
−6
(see, however, S. K. Lander & D. I. Jones
2018
). This to be compared with our upper limit of
≈ 6 × 10
−6
for the Crab, again confirming we are probing a regime of astrophysical interest.
Theoretical estimates of the
minimum
mountain sizes are presented in G. Woan et al. (
2018
), which provides population-based evidence for millisecond pulsars having a minimum ellipticity of
≈ 10
−9
We stress that our upper limits are subject to the uncertainties from the detector calibration, as described in Section
4.1
, as well as statistical uncertainties that are dependent on the particular analysis method.
The narrowband results in Table
and Figure
show no evidence of a CW signal for the considered subset of pulsars. No outlier was found for any of the targets. Out of the 16 analyzed targets, 12 searches report an upper limit below the corresponding spin-down limit (see Table
), ranging from a factor of 1.16 for J2021+3651 to 33 for J0534+2200. As for other methods, the targets analyzed with O3 data (R. Abbott et al.
2022b
) report upper limits comparable to those in Table
. We stress that the narrowband search sensitivity is worse by at least a factor of 2 compared to the targeted search sensitivity as it depends on the number of templates explored for each target (S. Mastrogiovanni et al.
2017
).
The search for non-GR polarizations as predicted by the Brans–Dicke theory shows no evidence of dipole radiation. The most constraining upper limit for dipole radiation is obtained for the millisecond pulsar J1719−1438. Together with results from the O3 targeted search analysis (R. Abbott et al.
2022a
), the obtained upper limits constitute the first constraints on dipole radiation from pulsar GW observations.
7. Conclusion
In this work, we present a search for CW signals from a set of 45 known pulsars using O4a data from the two LIGO detectors. Pulsars are chosen considering an expected sensitivity for the amplitude below or slightly above the theoretical spin-down limit with a rotation frequency close to or greater than 10 Hz. EM observations were employed to constrain the pulsars’ sky positions and rotational parameters covering the O4a data period.
We performed a targeted search utilizing three independent data analysis methods and two different emission models. No evidence of a CW signal was found for any of the targets. The upper limit results show that 29 targets surpass the theoretical spin-down limit. For 11 of the 45 pulsars not analyzed in the last LVK targeted search, we have a notable improvement in detection sensitivity compared to previous searches. For these targets, we surpass or equal the theoretical spin-down limit for the single-harmonic emission model. We also have, on average, an improvement in the upper limits for the low-frequency component of the dual-harmonic search for all analyzed pulsars. For the remaining targets, the O4a upper limits are comparable to the results of the joint O2+O3 analysis described in R. Abbott et al. (
2022b
), which considered data with lower sensitivity but a longer observation time.
We also conducted a narrowband search for 16 pulsars and a search for non-GR polarization as predicted by the Brans–Dicke theory. No evidence of a CW signal was found in any of these searches.
The analysis of the full O4 data set will improve the sensitivity of targeted/narrowband searches for some of the pulsars analyzed in R. Abbott et al. (
2022b
) and here, including the Crab and Vela pulsars.
Acknowledgments
This material is based upon work supported by NSF’s LIGO Laboratory, which is a major facility fully funded by the National Science Foundation. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the support of the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) of the United Kingdom, the Max-Planck-Society (MPS), and the State of Niedersachsen/Germany for support of the construction of Advanced LIGO and construction and operation of the GEO 600 detector. Additional support for Advanced LIGO was provided by the Australian Research Council. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) for the construction and operation of the Virgo detector and the creation and support of the EGO consortium. The authors also gratefully acknowledge research support from these agencies as well as by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research of India, the Department of Science and Technology, India, the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), India, the Ministry of Human Resource Development, India, the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI), the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación, y Universidades, the European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR (PRTR-C17.I1), the ICSC—CentroNazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data, and Quantum Computing, funded by the European Union NextGenerationEU, the Comunitat Autonòma de les Illes Balears through the Conselleria d’Educació i Universitats, the Conselleria d’Innovació, Universitats, Ciència i Societat Digital de la Generalitat Valenciana, and the CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain, the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange, the National Science Centre of Poland and the European Union—European Regional Development Fund; the Foundation for Polish Science (FNP), the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), the Russian Science Foundation, the European Commission, the European Social Funds (ESF), the European Regional Development Funds (ERDF), the Royal Society, the Scottish Funding Council, the Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA), the French Lyon Institute of Origins (LIO), the Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FRS-FNRS), Actions de Recherche Concertées (ARC) and Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek—Vlaanderen (FWO), Belgium, the Paris Île-de-France Region, the National Research, Development and Innovation Office of Hungary (NKFIH), the National Research Foundation of Korea, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI), the Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovations, the International Center for Theoretical Physics South American Institute for Fundamental Research (ICTP-SAIFR), the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), the Israel Science Foundation (ISF), the US-Israel Binational Science Fund (BSF), the Leverhulme Trust, the Research Corporation, the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC), Taiwan, the United States Department of Energy, and the Kavli Foundation. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the NSF, STFC, INFN, and CNRS for provision of computational resources.
This work was supported by MEXT, the JSPS Leading-edge Research Infrastructure Program, JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Specially Promoted Research 26000005, JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas 2905: JP17H06358, JP17H06361, and JP17H06364, JSPS Core-to-Core Program A, Advanced Research Networks, JSPS Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S) 17H06133 and 20H05639, JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Transformative Research Areas (A) 20A203: JP20H05854, the joint research program of the Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, the University of Tokyo, the National Research Foundation (NRF), the Computing Infrastructure Project of Global Science experimental Data hub Center (GSDC) at KISTI, the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), the Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) in Korea, Academia Sinica (AS), the AS Grid Center (ASGC) and the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) in Taiwan under grants including the Rising Star Program and Science Vanguard Research Program, the Advanced Technology Center (ATC) of NAOJ, and the Mechanical Engineering Center of KEK.
C.M.E. acknowledges support from ANID/FONDECYT, grant 1211964. S. Guillot acknowledges the support of the CNES. W.C.G.H. acknowledges support through grant 80NSSC22K1305 from NASA. This work is supported by NASA through the NICER mission and the Astrophysics Explorers Program and uses data and software provided by the High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC), which is a service of the Astrophysics Science Division at NASA/GSFC and High Energy Astrophysics Division of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory.
The Nançay radio Observatory is operated by the Paris Observatory, associated with the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and partially supported by the Region Centre in France. We acknowledge financial support from “Programme National de Cosmologie and Galaxies” (PNCG), and “Programme National Hautes Energies” (PNHE) funded by CNRS/INSU-IN2P3-INP, CEA, and CNES, France.
A.B.P. is a Banting Fellow, a McGill Space Institute (MSI) Fellow, and a Fonds de Recherche du Quebec—Nature et Technologies (FRQNT) postdoctoral fellow.
E. Fonseca is supported by the NSF grant AST-2407399.
The activities at the Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía (IAR) are supported by the national agency CONICET, the Province of Buenos Aires agency CIC, and the National University of La Plata (UNLP).
Software:
The 5-vector method is based on the BSD framework (O. J. Piccinni et al.
2018
) while the narrowband method makes use of the SFDB framework (P. Astone et al.
2005
), both of which are based on the Virgo Rome Snag software. The Bayesian analysis uses
CWInPy
(M. Pitkin
2022
), which uses
dynesty
(J. Skilling
2004
2006
) within
bilby
(G. Ashton et al.
2019
). Plots are produced using
matplotlib
(J. D. Hunter
2007
). Many pulsar ephemerides are produced with
Tempo
(D. Nice et al.
2015
) and
Tempo2
(G. B. Hobbs et al.
2006
).
Footnotes
342
We considered
L1:GDS–CALIB_STRAIN_CLEAN_AR
and
H1:GDS–CALIB_STRAIN_CLEAN_AR
frame channels with
CAT1
vetoes for L1 and H1, respectively.
343
For this estimation, we only consider the O3 run for simplicity since it dominates the combined data sets.
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10.3847/1538-4357/adb3a0