Shinobu Kitayama
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Institution
University of Michigan
Current Position
Robert B. Zajonc Collegiate Professor of Psychology; Director of the Culture & Cognition Program
Highest Degree
Ph.D. in Psychology from University of Michigan, 1987
Online Media
Originally from Japan, Shinobu Kitayama received his Ph.D. from the University of Michigan, where he is currently the Robert B. Zajonc Collegiate Professor of Psychology and the Director of the Center for Culture, Mind, and the Brain. He also directs the Culture and Cognition Program.
His research focuses on cultural variations in self, cognition, emotion, and motivation. His article with Hazel Markus on culture and the self, published in Psychological Review (1991), is one of the most widely cited in social and behavioral sciences. Over the last two decades he has used a variety of experimental methods to document a wide array of East-West differences in psychological processes. His more recent work has explored regional, social class, as well as age differences and similarities in psychological tendencies to understand their socio-cultural underpinnings. He has also pioneered the use of neuroscience measures such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalogram (EEG) in the investigation of the dynamic, recursive interaction between culture and the brain, thereby contributing to the emerging field of cultural neuroscience. His most recent work has focused on how certain dopamine-related genes might modulate cultural acquisition.
Before Michigan, he taught at the University of Oregon, Kyoto University, the University of Chicago, and Stanford University. He was a Fellow, twice, at the Center for Advanced Studies in Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, CA (1995-1996, 2007-2008). A recipient of a Guggenheim Fellowship in 2010, he has been elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (2012). He served as Editor-in-chief of Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin between 2007 and 2012.
Primary Interests:
Culture and Ethnicity
Emotion, Mood, Affect
Evolution and Genetics
Health Psychology
Life Satisfaction, Well-Being
Motivation, Goal Setting
Neuroscience, Psychophysiology
Person Perception
Self and Identity
Social Cognition
Research Group or Laboratory:
Culture and Cognition Laboratory
Interactive Map
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Video Gallery
46:29
Cultural Insights: Exploring Beyond East and West
Description
Keynote address at the 2024 Congress of the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology (Bali, Indonesia)
Select video to watch
46:29
Cultural Insights: Exploring Beyond East and West
Length: 46:29
Keynote address at the 2024 Congress of the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology (Bali, Indonesia)
2:07:46
Cultural Neuroscience: Connecting Culture, Brain, and Genes
Length: 2:07:46
A dialogue among scientists and contemplative scholars-practitioners, including the 14th Dalai Lama
50:18
Mutual Constitution of Culture and the Self: Insights From Cultural Neuroscience
Length: 50:18
1:00:43
America’s Fatal Failure: Why Have We Done So Poorly in Coping With COVID-19?
Length: 1:00:43
30:54
Culture and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Multiple Processes and Policy Implications
Length: 30:54
2021 webinar keynote address, International Academy for Intercultural Research
9:21
Responding to Five Questions About the World After COVID-19
Length: 9:21
2:15
On the East/West Difference
Length: 2:15
1:34:53
Cultural Neuroscience: Linking Context and the Brain (Part 1)
Length: 1:34:53
From the 2018 McGill Social and Cultural Neuroscience Workshop
59:33
Cultural Neuroscience: Linking Context and the Brain (Part 2)
Length: 59:33
From the 2018 McGill Social and Cultural Neuroscience Workshop
43:08
Cultural Neuroscience of the Self: Understanding the Social Grounding of the Brain
Length: 43:08
28:11
Culture, Self, and Brain: Implications for Cognition, Emotion, and Motivation
Length: 28:11
Other Files
Murata, Moser, & Kitayama (2012). SCAN
Linked publication:
Murata, A., Moser, J. S., & Kitayama, S. (in press). Culture shapes electrocortical responses during emotion suppression. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience.
Varnum & Kitayama (2011). Name
Linked publication:
Varnum, M. E. W., & Kitayama, S. (2011). What's in a name? Popular names are less common in frontiers. Psychological Science, 22, 176-183.
Grossmann et al. (2010). PNAS
Linked publication:
Grossmann I, Na J, Varnum MEW, Park D. C., Kitayama S, Nisbett RE. (2010). Reasoning about social conflicts improves into old age. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science.
Kitayama et al. (2010). Am Psy
Linked publication:
Kitayama, S., Conway, L. G., Pietromonaco, P., Park, H., & Plaut, V. (2010). Ethos of independence across regions of the U.S.: The production-adoption model of cultural change. American Psychologist, 65, 559-574.
Fiske et al. (2007)
Linked publication:
Fiske, A. R., Kitayama, S., Markus, H. R., & Nisbett, R. E. (1998). The social matrix of social psychology. In D. Gilbert et al. (Eds.), Handbook of Social Psychology. NY: McGraw Hill. (pp. 915-981)
Heine et al. (1999). Psych Rev
Linked publication:
Heine, S. J., Lehman, D. R., Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1999). Is there a universal need for positive self-regard? Psychological Review, 106, 766-794.
Kitayama et al. (2003). FLT
Linked publication:
Kitayama, S., Duffy, S., Kawamura, T., & Larsen, J. T. (2003). Perceiving an object and its context in different cultures: A cultural look at New Look. Psychological Science, 14, 201-206.
Kitayama et al. 2009. JPSP
Linked publication:
Kitayama, S., Park, H., Servincer, A. T., Karasawa, M., & Uskul, A. K. (2009). A cultural task analysis of implicit independence: Comparing North America, West Europe, and East Asia. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97, 236-255
Kitayama, Varnum, & Sevincer in press Frontier
Linked publication:
Kitayama, S., Varnum, M. E. W., & Sevincer, A. T. (in press). The frontier: Voluntary settlement and cultural change. In A. Cohen (Ed.), New directions in the psychology of culture. American Psychological Association.
Na & Kitayama 2011 Psych Sci spontaneous trait inference
Linked publication:
Na, J., & Kitayama, S. (2011). Spontaneous trait inference is culture specific: Behavioral and neural evidence. Psychological Science, 22(8), 1025-1032.
Uskul et al. 2008 PNAS
Linked publication:
Uskul, A. K., Kitayama, S., & Nisbett, R. E. (2008). Eco-cultural basis of cognition: Farmers and fishermen are more holistic than herders. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 105, 8552-8556.
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1 Goodreads ratings
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Books:
Kirmayer, L. J., Worthman, C. M., Kitayama, S., Lemelson, R., & Cummings, C. A. (Eds.). (2020). Culture, mind, and brain: Emerging concepts, models, and applications. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Kitayama, S., & Cohen, D. (Eds.). (2019). Handbook of cultural psychology (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
Kitayama, S., & Markus, H. R. (Eds.). (1994). Emotion and culture: Empirical investigations of mutual influences. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Niedenthal, P., & Kitayama, S. (Eds.). (1994). The heart's eye: Emotional influences in perception and attention. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Journal Articles:
Grossmann I, Na J, Varnum MEW, Park D. C., Kitayama S, Nisbett RE. (2010). Reasoning about social conflicts improves into old age. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science.
Linked file:
Grossmann et al. (2010). PNAS
Heine, S. J., Lehman, D. R., Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1999). Is there a universal need for positive self-regard? Psychological Review, 106, 766-794.
Linked file:
Heine et al. (1999). Psych Rev
Kitayama, S. (2002). Cultural and basic psychological processes--Toward a system view of culture: Comment on Oyserman et al. (2002). Psychological Bulletin, 128, 189-196.
Kitayama, S., & Uskul, A. K. (2011). Culture, mind, and the brain: Current evidence and future directions. Annual Review of Psychology, 62, 419-449.
Kitayama, S., Conway, L. G., Pietromonaco, P., Park, H., & Plaut, V. (2010). Ethos of independence across regions of the U.S.: The production-adoption model of cultural change. American Psychologist, 65, 559-574.
Linked file:
Kitayama et al. (2010). Am Psy
Kitayama, S., Duffy, S., Kawamura, T., & Larsen, J. T. (2003). Perceiving an object and its context in different cultures: A cultural look at New Look. Psychological Science, 14, 201-206.
Linked file:
Kitayama et al. (2003). FLT
Kitayama, S., Markus, H. R., Matsumoto, H., & Norasakkunkit, V. (1997). Individual and collective processes in the construction of the self: Self-enhancement in the United States and self-criticism in Japan. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 1245-1267.
Kitayama, S., Park, H., Servincer, A. T., Karasawa, M., & Uskul, A. K. (2009). A cultural task analysis of implicit independence: Comparing North America, West Europe, and East Asia. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97, 236-255
Linked file:
Kitayama et al. 2009. JPSP
Kitayama, S., Snibbe, A. C., Markus, H. R., & Suzuki, T. (2004). Is there any “free” choice? Self and dissonance in two cultures. Psychological Science, 14, 527-533.
Markus, H., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224-253.
Murata, A., Moser, J. S., & Kitayama, S. (in press). Culture shapes electrocortical responses during emotion suppression. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience.
Linked file:
Murata, Moser, & Kitayama (2012). SCAN
Na, J., & Kitayama, S. (2011). Spontaneous trait inference is culture specific: Behavioral and neural evidence. Psychological Science, 22(8), 1025-1032.
Linked file:
Na & Kitayama 2011 Psych Sci spontaneous trait inference
Uskul, A. K., Kitayama, S., & Nisbett, R. E. (2008). Eco-cultural basis of cognition: Farmers and fishermen are more holistic than herders. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 105, 8552-8556.
Linked file:
Uskul et al. 2008 PNAS
Varnum, M. E. W., & Kitayama, S. (2011). What's in a name? Popular names are less common in frontiers. Psychological Science, 22, 176-183.
Linked file:
Varnum & Kitayama (2011). Name
Other Publications:
Fiske, A. R., Kitayama, S., Markus, H. R., & Nisbett, R. E. (1998). The social matrix of social psychology. In D. Gilbert et al. (Eds.), Handbook of Social Psychology. NY: McGraw Hill. (pp. 915-981)
Linked file:
Fiske et al. (2007)
Kitayama, S., Duffy, S., & Uchida, Y. (2006). Self as mode of being. In S. Kitayama & D. Cohen (Eds.). Handbook of cultural psychology (pp. 136-174). New York: Guilford Press.
Kitayama, S., Varnum, M. E. W., & Sevincer, A. T. (in press). The frontier: Voluntary settlement and cultural change. In A. Cohen (Ed.), New directions in the psychology of culture. American Psychological Association.
Linked file:
Kitayama, Varnum, & Sevincer in press Frontier
Courses Taught:
Cultural Evolution
Cultural Neuroscience
Cultural Psychology
Culture and Health
Global Psychology
Social Psychology
Driving Directions
Shinobu Kitayama
Research Center for Group Dynamics
University of Michigan
426 Thompson Street, 6114 ISR
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106-1248
United States of America
Phone: (734) 764-4112 (734)647-6786
Fax: (734) 647-3652
Last edited by user: February 15, 2015
Visits since June 26, 2004: 69,051
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Shinobu Kitayama: Photo 1
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Murata, Moser, & Kitayama (2012). SCAN
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Murata, Moser, & Kitayama (2012). SCAN
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Murata, A., Moser, J. S., & Kitayama, S. (in press). Culture shapes electrocortical responses during emotion suppression. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience.
Varnum & Kitayama (2011). Name
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Varnum & Kitayama (2011). Name
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Varnum & Kitayama Psych Sci 2011 Name.pdf (0.7MB)
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Varnum, M. E. W., & Kitayama, S. (2011). What's in a name? Popular names are less common in frontiers. Psychological Science, 22, 176-183.
Grossmann et al. (2010). PNAS
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Grossmann et al. (2010). PNAS
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Grossmann, Na, Varnum, Park, Kitayama, Nisbett 2010.pdf (0.6MB)
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Grossmann I, Na J, Varnum MEW, Park D. C., Kitayama S, Nisbett RE. (2010). Reasoning about social conflicts improves into old age. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science.
Kitayama et al. (2010). Am Psy
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Kitayama et al. (2010). Am Psy
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Kitayama et al. 2010 region AmPsy.pdf (1.4MB)
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August 21, 2012 (7:13 am EST)
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Kitayama, S., Conway, L. G., Pietromonaco, P., Park, H., & Plaut, V. (2010). Ethos of independence across regions of the U.S.: The production-adoption model of cultural change. American Psychologist, 65, 559-574.
Fiske et al. (2007)
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Fiske et al. (2007)
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The Cultural Matrix.pdf (7.0MB)
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August 21, 2012 (7:15 am EST)
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Fiske, A. R., Kitayama, S., Markus, H. R., & Nisbett, R. E. (1998). The social matrix of social psychology. In D. Gilbert et al. (Eds.), Handbook of Social Psychology. NY: McGraw Hill. (pp. 915-981)
Heine et al. (1999). Psych Rev
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Heine et al. (1999). Psych Rev
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Heine et al 1999 Psy Rev S regard.pdf (5.7MB)
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Heine, S. J., Lehman, D. R., Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1999). Is there a universal need for positive self-regard? Psychological Review, 106, 766-794.
Kitayama et al. (2003). FLT
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Kitayama et al. (2003). FLT
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Kitayama et al 2003 FLT.pdf (0.2MB)
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August 21, 2012 (7:17 am EST)
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Kitayama, S., Duffy, S., Kawamura, T., & Larsen, J. T. (2003). Perceiving an object and its context in different cultures: A cultural look at New Look. Psychological Science, 14, 201-206.
Kitayama et al. 2009. JPSP
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Kitayama et al. 2009. JPSP
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Kitayama et al., 2009 JPSP.pdf (0.3MB)
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August 21, 2012 (7:19 am EST)
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Kitayama, S., Park, H., Servincer, A. T., Karasawa, M., & Uskul, A. K. (2009). A cultural task analysis of implicit independence: Comparing North America, West Europe, and East Asia. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97, 236-255
Kitayama, Varnum, & Sevincer in press Frontier
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Kitayama, Varnum, & Sevincer in press Frontier
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Kitayama, Varnum, & Servincer 3 11 2012.pdf (0.5MB)
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Kitayama, S., Varnum, M. E. W., & Sevincer, A. T. (in press). The frontier: Voluntary settlement and cultural change. In A. Cohen (Ed.), New directions in the psychology of culture. American Psychological Association.
Na & Kitayama 2011 Psych Sci spontaneous trait inference
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Na & Kitayama 2011 Psych Sci spontaneous trait inference
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Na & Kitayama 2011 psy sci.pdf (0.5MB)
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August 21, 2012 (7:24 am EST)
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Na, J., & Kitayama, S. (2011). Spontaneous trait inference is culture specific: Behavioral and neural evidence. Psychological Science, 22(8), 1025-1032.
Uskul et al. 2008 PNAS
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Uskul et al. 2008 PNAS
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Uskul, Kitayama, & Nisbett 2008 PNAS.pdf (0.4MB)
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August 21, 2012 (7:25 am EST)
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Uskul, A. K., Kitayama, S., & Nisbett, R. E. (2008). Eco-cultural basis of cognition: Farmers and fishermen are more holistic than herders. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 105, 8552-8556.
Cultural Insights: Exploring Beyond East and West
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Cultural Insights: Exploring Beyond East and West
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October 4, 2024 (11:06 am EST)
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Keynote address at the 2024 Congress of the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology (Bali, Indonesia)
Cultural Neuroscience: Connecting Culture, Brain, and Genes
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Cultural Neuroscience: Connecting Culture, Brain, and Genes
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File description:
A dialogue among scientists and contemplative scholars-practitioners, including the 14th Dalai Lama
Mutual Constitution of Culture and the Self: Insights From Cultural Neuroscience
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Mutual Constitution of Culture and the Self: Insights From Cultural Neuroscience
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America’s Fatal Failure: Why Have We Done So Poorly in Coping With COVID-19?
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America’s Fatal Failure: Why Have We Done So Poorly in Coping With COVID-19?
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Culture and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Multiple Processes and Policy Implications
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Culture and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Multiple Processes and Policy Implications
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File description:
2021 webinar keynote address, International Academy for Intercultural Research
Responding to Five Questions About the World After COVID-19
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Responding to Five Questions About the World After COVID-19
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On the East/West Difference
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On the East/West Difference
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Cultural Neuroscience: Linking Context and the Brain (Part 1)
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Cultural Neuroscience: Linking Context and the Brain (Part 1)
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From the 2018 McGill Social and Cultural Neuroscience Workshop
Cultural Neuroscience: Linking Context and the Brain (Part 2)
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Cultural Neuroscience: Linking Context and the Brain (Part 2)
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File description:
From the 2018 McGill Social and Cultural Neuroscience Workshop
Cultural Neuroscience of the Self: Understanding the Social Grounding of the Brain
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Cultural Neuroscience of the Self: Understanding the Social Grounding of the Brain
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Culture, Self, and Brain: Implications for Cognition, Emotion, and Motivation
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Culture, Self, and Brain: Implications for Cognition, Emotion, and Motivation
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