The Netherlands - Wikipedia

The Netherlands - Wikipedia
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Wikipedia se
Kingdom of the Netherlands
Jhanda
Coat of arms
Des
ke jaankari
Des
ke motto:
"I will maintain"
National anthem:
Wilhelmus
Log ke baare me
Official bhasa:
Dutch
. Kuchh log North Netherlands me
Frisian
me baat kare hae.
Abaadi:
- Total:
{{{populationtotal}}}
Jagha
country map
Hian pe des ke dunia ke map me dekhawa jaawe hae.
Capital
City
Amsterdam
. Lekin Raani aur
parliament
The Hague
me hae.
Sab se barraa
City
Amsterdam
Area
- Total:
41,526 (ranked 131)
- Water:
n/a km
(18.41%)
Politics / Government
Established
Union of Utrecht
1579
Oath of Abjuration
1581
Leader:
Queen
Beatrix
Prime Minister
Jan Peter Balkenende
Economy / Money
Paisa ke naam:
Euro
(€)
International information
Time ke zone:
+01:00
Telephone ke dialing code:
31
Internet domain:
.NL
Netherlands
Europe
ke ek
des
hae, jiske abaadi 17 million hae. Netherlands ke north aur west me
North Sea
hae, east me
Germany
aur south me
Belgium
hae. Netherlands,
European Union
ke suruu kare waala ek des hae. Netherlands me rahe waala log ke Dutch bolaa jaae hae. Netherlands ke bhasa ke bhi Dutch bhasa bolaa jaae hae.
Naam
badlo
source ke badlo
"Netherlands" ke matlab "the low lands" hae. Hian ke jamiin flat hae aur samundar se khaali kuch uuncha hae. Des ke one third bhaag samundar le level se niche hae.
Geography
badlo
source ke badlo
European Netherlands ke map
Netherlands ke Europe ke hissa ke area
41,543
km
(16,040
sq
mi)
hae agar isme paani se bharaa ilaaka ke jorra jaae tab, aur khaali jamiin ke area
41,543
km
(16,040
sq
mi)
hae. Caribbean Netherlands ke puura area
328
km
(127
sq
mi)
hae.
Ii latitudes
50°
aur
54° N
, aur longitudes
3°
aur
8° E
ke biich me hae.
Netherlands kaafi niche ke des hae agar iske samundar ke level se compare karaa jaae. Iske 26% area samundar ke level se niche hae.
and 21% of its population
Des ke European hissa jaada kar ke samthar hae, southwest ke foothills ke chhorr ke jon
322
m (1,056
ft)
se kmati uunchaa hae. Samundar se niche waala ilaaka jaada kar ke reclaimed jamiin hae. 16th century se drainage system, diles, canals aur pumping station banaawa jaae hae.
Des ke jaada hissa uu jagha pe banaa hae jahaan pe tiin barraa Europe ke naddi,
Rhine
Meuse
aur
Scheldt
samundar se mile hae. Netherlans ke south-western hissa ii tiin naddi ke delta hae.
Landscape at
Workum
Friesland
Rhine naddi, European Netherlands ke north aur south hissa me baate hae. Iske kaaran duuno hissa ke log ke bhaasa me kuchh khaas antar hae. Iske rakam des ke northeast me Rhine ke ek aur branch log ke dui linguistic group me divide kare hae.
Itihaas
badlo
source ke badlo
800 BC se pahile
badlo
source ke badlo
Netherlands 5500 BC me
Netherlands ke Bronze Age culture
Netherlands me 250,000 saal puraana,
Neanderthal
ke rahe ke sabuut milaa hae.
13,000 se 10,000 BC ke biich me hian pe moto (spear) se reindeer ke maare waala log rahat rahin. 11,200 aur 9,500 ke biich me dhanus aur baan (bow and arrow) ke kaam me laae ke jaanwasr ke maara jaae rahaa. 8000 BC ke canoe bhi hian pe paawa gais hae.
5600 BC me hian ke sanskriti southern Scandinavia ke rakam rahaa, jisme naddi aur samundar ke kaam me laawa jaawat rahaa.
4,800 aur 4,500 BC ke biich me Netherlands ke paas ke log ke pottery culture aur jaanwar ke paale ke system ke apnae lagin. 4,300 aur 4,000 BC ke biich me kisaani suruu bhais rahaa.
4,300 aur 2,800 ke biich me hian pe grave monuments ke banaawa gais rahaa.
Baad ke "Bell Beaker Culture" (2,700 - 2,100 BC)
10
metal, jaise ke copper, sonaa aur baad me bronze ke kaam me laawat rahin aur duusre se trade karat rahin. Hian pe kuchh rare bronze chij paawa gais hae, ii imply kare hae ki ii jagha ek trading centre rahaa. "Bell Beaker Culture" locally develop bhais rahaa aur baad me "Barbed-Wire Culture" (2100 - 1800 BC) me hoe gais rahaa, aur iske baad "Elp culture" (1800 - 800 BC) me.
11
Celts, Germanic tribes aur Romans (800 BC–410 AD)
badlo
source ke badlo
800 BC ke baad loha ke jaada kaam me laawa jaae lagaa aur isse log ke living standard aur achchhaa hoe gais. Blacksmith ke kaam barr gais rahaa.
Scandinavia ke mausam kharaa hoe ke kaaran saait hian ke log 850 - 650 BC me aae ke Netherlands me bas gae rahin. Jab ii migration khalaas bhais tab (25oBC talak) ek nawaa bhasa aur cultur hian pe develop hoe gais rahaa.
12
13
North Sea Germanic log des ke north me rahin aur ii baad me develop hoe ke Saxon culture me develop bhais.
The Rhine frontier lagbhag 70 AD
Ii time jaada log ke maut paani se bhais rahaa aur kamtii duusre admi ke haanth se.
14
57 BC aur 53 BC ke biich me ii ilaaka Rome aapan niche kar liis. Julius Caeser hian ke Celtic tribe ke describe karis hae
Chapa ke gallery
badlo
source ke badlo
William the silent
Dutch golden age ke time
Rotterdam 1940 me
National Park
Frisian gaiya
Binnenhof
Dom Tower
Dutch windmill
Hague
References
badlo
source ke badlo
Central Bureau of Statistics (2009).
"Land – en tuinbouwcijfers"
(PDF)
(in Dutch). Government of the Netherlands, Department of Publication and Information. p.
14.
ISSN
1386-9566
. Retrieved
6 January
2018
Schiermeier,
Quirin
(5 July 2010).
"Few fishy facts found in climate report".
Nature
466
(170): 170.
doi
10.1038/466170a
PMID
20613812
"Milieurekeningen 2008"
(PDF)
Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek
. Archived from
the original
(PDF)
on 15 February 2010
. Retrieved
4 February
2010
de Haas,
Tjalling
van der Valk,
Lambertus
Cohen,
Kim M.
Pierik,
Harm Jan
Weisscher,
Steven A. H.
Hijma,
Marc P.
van der Spek,
Ad J. F.
Kleinhans,
Maarten G.
(February 2019).
"Long-term evolution of the Old Rhine estuary: Unravelling effects of changing boundary conditions and inherited landscape".
The Depositional Record
(1): 84–108.
doi
10.1002/dep2.56
ISSN
2055-4877
PMC
6743690
PMID
31543980
Welschen, Ad: Course
Dutch Society and Culture
, International School for Humanities and Social Studies ISHSS, Universiteit van Amsterdam, 2000–2005.
Roebroeks,
Wil
Sier,
Mark J.
Nielsen,
Trine Kellberg
Loecker,
Dimitri De
Parés,
Josep Maria
Arps,
Charles E. S.
Mücher,
Herman J.
(7 February 2012).
"Use of red ochre by early Neandertals".
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
109
(6): 1889–1894.
doi
10.1073/pnas.1112261109
ISSN
0027-8424
PMC
3277516
PMID
22308348
Van Zeist,
W.
(1957).
"De steentijd van Nederland".
Nieuwe Drentse Volksalmanak
75
: 4–11.
Louwe Kooijmans, L.P., "
Trijntje van de Betuweroute, Jachtkampen uit de Steentijd te Hardinxveld-Giessendam
", 1998,
Spiegel Historiael
33, pp. 423–428
Volkskrant 24 August 2007 "
Prehistoric agricultural field found in Swifterbant, 4300–4000 BC
Archived
19 Saptambar 2009 at the
Wayback Machine
Fokkens, Harry, ed.
(2012).
Background to beakers
: inquiries in regional cultural backgrounds to the Bell Beaker complex
Leiden:
Sidestone.
p.
131.
ISBN
978-90-8890-084-6
Fokkens, Harry.
"The Periodisation of the Dutch Bronze Age: a Critical Review"
(PDF)
Open Access Leiden University
. Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden. Archived from
the original
(PDF)
on 10 October 2017
. Retrieved
7 July
2017
The New Encyclopædia Britannica
, 15th edition, 22:641–642
de Vries, Jan W., Roland Willemyns and Peter Burger,
Het verhaal van een taal
, Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2003, pp. 12, 21–27
Lendering, Jona.
"The Edges of the Earth (3) – Livius"
livius.org
. Archived from
the original
on 8 August 2020
. Retrieved
28 February
2019
" se lawa gais hae
Vibhag
CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)
Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images
Netherlands
European Union ke member
NATO ke member
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