The neurobiology of falls | Neurological Sciences | Springer Nature Link

The neurobiology of falls | Neurological Sciences | Springer Nature Link
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The neurobiology of falls
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Published:
05 June 2012
Volume 33
, pages 1215–1223, (
2012
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Neurological Sciences
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Abstract
Falling is a major clinical problem; especially, in elderly population as it often leads to fractures, immobilization, poor quality of life and life-span reduction. Given the growing body of evidences on the physiopathology of balance disorders in humans, in recent years the approach of research on falls has completely changed and new instruments and new definitions have been formulated. Among them, the definition of “idiopathic faller” (i.e. no overt cause for falling in a given subject) represented a milestone in building the “science of falling”. This review deals with the new determinants of the neurobiology of falling: (1) the role of motor impairment and particularly of those “mild parkinsonian signs” frequently detectable in elderly subjects, (2) the role of executive and attentive resources when coping with obstacles, (3) the role of vascular lesions in “highest level gait disorder” (a condition tightly connected with senile gait, cautious gait and frailty), (4) the role of the failure of automaticity or inter-limbs coordination/symmetry during walking and such approach would definitely help the development of screening instrument for subjects at risk (still lacking in present days). This translational approach will lead to the development of specific therapeutic interventions.
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Authors and Affiliations
Department of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
Alfonso Fasano & Francesco Bove
Department of Neuroscience, AFaR-Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
Alfonso Fasano
Istituto di Neurologia, Policlinico A. Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
Alfonso Fasano
Advanced Technologies Center, Rehabilitation Hospital, Sehba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
Meir Plotnik
Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
Meir Plotnik
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
Meir Plotnik
Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
Meir Plotnik
Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
Alfredo Berardelli
Neuromed Institute (IRCSS), Pozzilli (IS), Italy
Alfredo Berardelli
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A. Fasano and M. Plotnik equally contributed to the work.
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Fasano, A., Plotnik, M., Bove, F.
et al.
The neurobiology of falls.
Neurol Sci
33
, 1215–1223 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-012-1126-6
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Received
05 May 2012
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23 May 2012
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05 June 2012
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December 2012
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Keywords
Falls
Postural instability
Parkinsonism
Automaticity
Cognition
Freezing of gait
High-level gait disorder
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Francesco Bove
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