ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ - ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ
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ⵙⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ
ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ
MediaWiki wiki
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ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵎⴰ
15 ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ 2001
ⴰⵣⵡⵍ
Wikipedia
IPA transcription
weɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ kʰɤ⁵⁵
ˌwikiˈpɛdʒiɐ
ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵎⴰ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ
wiki
ⴰⵙⴰⵎⵓ
ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵔⵙⵍ
ⵊⵉⵎⵉ ⵡⵉⵍⵣ
Larry Sanger
ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ
ⵉⵡⵓⵏⴰⴽ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ
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ⵜⵉⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰ
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ⵙⴰⵏ ⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⴽⵓ
ⵉⴹⴼⵕ ⵉ
Nupedia
ⴰⵏⴰⵡ
encyclopedic wiki
ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⵜⵥⵕⵉⴳⵜ ⵏⵖ ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ
ⵜⵓⵏⵖⵉⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ
syl.wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org
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ⵊⵉⵎⵉ ⵡⵉⵍⵣ
Larry Sanger
Wikimedia community
ⴰⵎⴳⴰⵢ
Wikipedia community
ⵊⵉⵎⵉ ⵡⵉⵍⵣ
Larry Sanger
Editor
Wikipedia community
Developer
ⵊⵉⵎⵉ ⵡⵉⵍⵣ
Larry Sanger
Platform
LAMP
ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵜ
ⵉⵡⵓⵏⴰⴽ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ
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multiple languages
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1.7/5 (Poor)
ⵜⵉⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵢⵓⵡⵉ
Princess of Asturias Award for International Cooperation
FSF Free Software Award for Projects of Social Benefit
Grimme Online Award
Erasmus Prize
Mascot
Wikipede
Operator
ⵜⵉⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰ
Equinix
Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering
ⵜⴰⵥⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵙⵉⵙ ⵉⵏⵏⵣⴳⵎⵏ
academic studies about Wikipedia
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online encyclopedia
Software engine
ⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰⵡⵉⴽⵉ
Programmed in
PHP
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Wikipedia
Wikipedia Beta
ⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴱ ⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱ
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ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵖⵓⵏ
External data available at URL
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Linkin.bio
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Wikipedia
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flag of Wikipedia
ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵥⵍⴰ ⵙ
reliability of Wikipedia
deletionism in Wikipedia
ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⵔⵙⵉ
history of Wikipedia
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Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
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copyrighted
ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ
Wikipedian
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Digital Public Goods Standard
Business model
donation
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ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵜⵉⴽ ⵉⴽⵙⵜⵛⵉⵏⵊ
ⵜⴰⵍⴳⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⴰ
bibliography of Wikipedia
Search formatter URL
Digital Public Good ID
GID0091848
‎DuckDuckGo bang
ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ
ⵙⵏⴼⵍ
ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ
ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵙⴰⵎⵓ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ
ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ
ⵏⵖ
ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴼⵉⴷⵢⴰ
(ⵙ
ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ
Wikipedia
) ⴷ ⵢⵓⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔ ⵏ
ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵙⵏⴰ
ⵜⴰⵖⵣⵓⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ (291 ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ 2015). ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⴰⴽⴽ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏⴻⵏ ⴳ
ⵡⴰⵏⵜⵉⵔⵏⵉⵜ
. ⵉⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍ ⵜⵜ
ⵊⵉⵎⵉ ⵡⵉⵍⵣ
ⴷ ⵍⴰⵔⵉ ⵙⴰⵏⴳⵔ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 15 ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ 2001
. ⴷ ⵙⴰⵏⵊⵔ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⵉⴼⴽⴰⵏ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷ, ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵉⴱⴹⴰ ⴼ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ, "ⵡⵉⴽⵉ" ⵙ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏ ⴱⵣⵔⴱⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏ ⴷⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⵓⵎⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⵖⵢⴰ, ⴷ "ⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ" ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵏⵛⵢⵛⵍⵓⴱⴷⵉⴰ. ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵃⵔⴰ ⵜⵙⵙⴱⵜⴰ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵖⴰⵔ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛ ⴷⵖⵢⴰ ⵙ ⵍⵉⵖ ⴷ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴱⴰⵢⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵉⴹⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵏ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵥⵍⵉⵏⵜ ⵉⵎⵉⴽⴽ ⵖ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵏⵜ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴽⴽⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ. ⵖⵉⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 300 (ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⴹ) ⵏ ⵉⴷ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ, ⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳⵉⵙⵏⵜ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 5 ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ. ⵖ ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵓ ⵉⴷ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ, ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ 40 (ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵎⵔⴰⵡ) ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⵙ 300 (ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⴹ) ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ. ⵖ ⴱⵕⴰⵢⵕ 2014 (ⵙⵉⵏ ⵡⴰⴼⴹⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴽⴽⵓⵥ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ) ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵢⵥⵕⴰ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ 18 (ⵜⴰⵎ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ) ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵍ ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ 500 (ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⴹ) ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵔⴳⴰⴱⵏ ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ.
ⵖ ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 2017 (ⵙⵉⵏ ⵡⴰⴼⴹⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ) ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⵟⵟⴼ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 40 (ⴽⴽⵓⵥ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ) ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⵉⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵉⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉⵏ. ⵖ 2015 (ⵙⵉⵏ ⵡⴰⴼⴹⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ) ⵜⴱⴷⵔ ⵜⴰⵙⵖⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵏⴰⵜⵛⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵔⵔⵉⴼⵢⵓ ⴰⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵙⵎⵢⵉⴼⵉⵢ 42 (ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⴷ ⵙⵉⵏ) ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⵣⵖ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵏⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⴱⵔⵉⵟⴰⵏⵉⴽⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ, ⵜⵓⴼⴰ ⵎⴰⵙⴷ ⴷⴷⵉⵇⵇⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵥ ⵉ ⵜⵉⵏ ⴱⵔⵉⵟⴰⵏⵉⴽⴰ. ⵜⴰⵙⵖⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴽⴰⵣⵉⵏ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⵜⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⴰⵙⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵢⴰⵔⴰ ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵖⵍⵉⵏ ⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵅⴽⴰⴷ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵖⵉⵍⴰⴷ ⵜⵓⴼ ⴰⴽⴽ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵏⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵇⴰⵔⵉⴹⵏ.
ⵙ ⵓⵡⵜⵜⴰⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴳ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴼⴰⴱⵓⵕ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵖⵔ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵇⵇⵔⴰ ⵖⴰⵢⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵔⵉ
. ⵜⴳⴰ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵣⵖ ⵉⵖⴱⵓⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵄⵍⵓⵎⴰⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴰⴽⴽ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴰⴽⴽ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵢⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵖ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵜⵉⵔⵏⵉⵜ, ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵣⵖ ⵙⵎⵓⵙⵙ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵉⵙⵉⵜⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵜⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ ⴱⵣⴰⴼ ⵙ ⵜⵚⵏⵉⴼ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⴰⵍⵉⵙⴽⴰ ⵖ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 2020
. ⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵙⴰⵏⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵍⵎⵓⵃⵜⴰⵡⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴼⴰⴱⵓⵕ ⴷ ⴱⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴷ ⵍⵉⵛⵀⴰⵔ. ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⵜ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵉⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⴽⵍⴼⵏ, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⴷⴷⴰⵙⵜ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉ ⴰⵡⵜⵜⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵇⴰⵔⵉⴹⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⵜ ⵜⵜⵎⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ ⵖⴰⵔ ⵙ ⵜⵉⵡⵉⵙⵉ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴱⴰⵔⵔⵓⵄⴰⵜ
ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ
ⵙⵏⴼⵍ
ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ
ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵙ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ ⵖ 15 ⵢⴰⵏⴰⵢⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ 2001, ⵜⴹⴼⴰⵔⵜ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ. ⴷⵖⵢⴰ ⵙⵍⵉⵖⴷ ⴷⴰⵖ ⴱⴰⵢⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉ ⵖ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ. ⵜⵍⴽⵎⴷ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ ⵙ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⵖ 1 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 2006. ⵖ 20 ⵛⵓⵜⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ ⵜⵍⴽⵎⴷ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵙ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⵖ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 100 ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ. ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴱⴷⴷⴰ ⵜⵖⵓⵎⵓ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⴽⴽ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⵖ ⵍⵄⴰⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⵙ 2 ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵖ ⴰⴽⵓⴷⴰⵏⵏ ⴳⵉⵙ 700 ⵉⴷ ⵡⴰⵍⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⵙ 190 ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ, ⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⵡⵉⴷ ⵎⵥⵥⵉⵢⵏ, ⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵡⵉⴷ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ.
ⵖ ⵉⵢⵢⵉⵔⵏ ⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ 2006. ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ 174 ⵏ ⵏⵏⵓⵙⴰⵅ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ 100 ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ. 51 ⴳⵉⵙⵏⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 10 ⵉⴷ ⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ, ⴷ ⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⴳⵉⵙⵏⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 50 ⵉⴷ ⵡⴰⵍⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ. ⴰⵎⴰ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏⵉⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ, ⵜⴰⵏⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ, ⵜⴰⵍⵎⴰⵏⵉⵜ, ⵜⴰⴱⵓⵍⵓⵏⵉⵜ, ⵜⴰⵊⴰⴱⴱⵓⵏⵉⵜ, ⵜⴰⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⵉⵜ, ⵜⴰⴱⵔⵜⵇⵇⵉⵣⵜ, ⵜⴰⵙⵡⵉⴷⵉⵜ, ⵜⴰⵚⴱⵏⵢⵓⵍⵉⵜ, ⵜⴰⵔⵓⵙⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵍⵏⴰⵏⴷⵉⵜⴳⵉⵙⵏⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 100 ⵉⴷ ⵡⴰⵍⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜ ⵢⴰⵜ ⴳⵉⵙⵏⵜ.
ⴰⵎⴰ ⵉⵖ ⵏⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⴼ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵉⵏ, ⵜⴱⴷⴰ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⴰⵢⵍⵉⵜ ⵖ 14 ⴰⴱⵔⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ 2007
. ⵖ 12 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 2015 ⴳⵉⵙ 2387 ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⴷ 4939 ⵏ ⵡⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⵜⵅⴷⴰⵎⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵅⴷⵎⵏ ⵢⴰⴷ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⵖⵉⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⴰⵍ. ⴰⵎⴰ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⴰ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴽⴰ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵖ ⵉⵏⴽⵓⴱⴰⵜⵓⵔ.
ⵏⵓⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ
ⵙⵏⴼⵍ
ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ
ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵙⵏⴰ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵇⵇⴰⵔⵏ ⴰⵙ ⵏⵓⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ
ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ, ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵏⵙⵎⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔ
ⵏⵓⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ
. ⵡⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴳⵯⵔⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵙⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴼⴰⴱⵓⵔ ⴳ ⵉⴼⵉⵍⵉ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵉⵜ, ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵏ ⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵣⴰⵢⵏ. ⵏⵓⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ 9 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ 2000 ⴷⴷⵓ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵎⵉⵙ, ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⴳⴳⵓⵔ ⵡⵉⴱ.
ⵜⵓⵙⵓⵔⵜ
ⵙⵏⴼⵍ
ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ
ⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⵔⴰⵏ
ⵙⵏⴼⵍ
ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ
ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵚ. ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ 365 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ 2009.
ⵜⵓⵏⵖⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ
ⵙⵏⴼⵍ
ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ
ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵙ 291 ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ.
ⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵕⵉⴳⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ (ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 2 ⴱⵕⴰⵢⵕ 2016)
ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ
ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ
ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵉⵜ
5,165,572
ⵜⴰⵙⵡⵉⴷⵉⵜ
3,203,701
ⵜⴰⴱⵉⵙⴰⵢⵜ
2,490,120
ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ
1,945,781
ⵜⴰⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⵉⵜ
1,870,759
ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ
1,761,332
ⵜⴰⵔⵓⵙⵉⵜ
1,314,912
ⵜⴰⵟⴰⵍⵢⴰⵏⵜ
1,275,526
ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵙⵜⵉⵍⵉⵜ
1,261,083
ⵡⴰⵔⴰⵢ
1,259,635
ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵙⵏⴼⵍ
ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ
ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⴷⵉⴰ ⵎⴰⴽⵙ ⴰ ⵀⵓⵓⵙ ⵛⴰⵍⵍ ⵜⵓ ⵎⴰⵛ"
- ⵎⴰⵔⴽ ⵎⵛⵏⵉⵎ
ⵛⴰⵏ ⵜⵀⵓⵓⵙⴰⵏⴷⵙ ⵓⴼ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⴷⵉⴰⵏⵙ ⴱ ⵓⵔⵓⵏⴳ? ⵀⵓⵡ ⴰⵏ ⴰⵜⵜⵎⴱⵜ ⵜⵓ ⴱⵓⵉⵍⴷ ⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⵍⵉⵏ ⵏⵛⵢⵛⵍⵓⴱⴷⵉⴰ ⵜⵓⵓⵛⵀⴷ ⵓⴼⴼ ⵀⵉⵙⵜⵓⵔⵢ’ⵙ ⴱⵉⴳⴳⵙⵜ ⵅⴱⵔⵉⵎⵏⵜ ⵉⵏ ⵛⵓⵍⵍⴰⴱⵓⵔⴰⵜⵉⴼ ⴽⵏⵓⵡⵍⴷⴳ
- ⵎⴰⵔⵙⵀⴰⵍⵍ ⴱⵓ
ⵛⵓⵎⵙⵛⵓⵔ ⵎⴷⵉⴰ ⵎⵜⵔⵉⵅ ⵔⴰⵏⴽⵙ ⵜⵓⴱ 50 ⵓ.ⵙ. ⵓⴱ ⴱⵔⵓⴱⵔⵜⵉⵙ ⴼⵓⵔ ⴰⵓⴳⵓⵙⵜ 2012
- ⵔⵙⵜⵓⵏ, ⴼⴰ, ⵛⵓⵏⵜⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 12, 2012
ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⴷⵉⴰ ⵀⴰⵙ ⴰ ⵜⵓⵏ ⵓⴼ ⵎⵓⵏⵢ. ⵙⵓ ⵓⵀⵢ ⵉⵙ ⵉⵜ ⴱⴳⴳⵉⵏⴳ ⵢⵓⵓ ⵜⵓ ⴷⵓⵏⴰⵜ ⵢⵓⵓⵔⵙ
- ⴽⴰⵜⵍⵉⵏ ⴷⵡⵉⵢ caitlin Dewey
ⵣⵖ ⵖⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⵖ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴽⵓⴱⴰⵜⵓⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⴱ/ⴽⴰⴱ
ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵢⴰⵙⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵙⴳ
ⵉⵙⵎⵉⵍⵏ
ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵙⴼⴽⵉⵜ
ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ
ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ
ⵔⵏⵓ ⴰⵙⵏⵜⵍ