ෆැසිස්ට්වාදය - විකිපීඩියා
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විකිපීඩියා වෙතින්
ෆැසිස්ට් ඉතාලියේ (1922-1943) සහ
නාසි ජර්මනියේ
නායකයින් වූ
බෙනීටෝ මුසොලීනි
(වමේ) සහ
ඇඩොල්ෆ් හිට්ලර්
(දකුණ), ෆැසිස්ට්වාදීන් විය.
මෙම ලිපිය
පැසිස්ට්වාදය
Themes
Actual idealism
Aestheticization of politics
Anti-communism
Anti-intellectualism
Anti-materialism
Anti-pacifism
Authoritarianism
Chauvinism
Class collaboration
Conspiracism
Corporatism
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ඒකාධිපතිවාදය
Direct action
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Eugenics
Heroic capitalism
Heroic realism
Heroism
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Indoctrination
Irrationalism
Machismo
Masculinity
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National syndicalism
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Integral
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Ultra
New Man
One-party state
Perpetual war
Populism
Proletarian nation
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Yockey
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Imperium: The Philosophy of History and Politics
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Beer Hall Putsch
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Second Italo-Senussi War
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Politics ද්වාරය
ෆැසිස්ට්වාදය
යනු අන්ත දක්ෂිනාංශික, ඒකාධිපති අන්තජාතිකවාදී දේශපාලන දෘෂ්ටිවාදයක් සහ ව්යාපාරයකි.
එය ඒකාධිපති බලය, මිලිටරිවාදය, විරුද්ධත්වය බලහත්කාරයෙන් මර්දනය කිරීම, ස්වාභාවික සමාජ ධුරාවලියක් කෙරෙහි විශ්වාසය, ජාතියේ යහපත සඳහා පුද්ගල අවශ්යතා යටපත් කිරීම සහ සමාජයේ සහ ආර්ථිකයේ ශක්තිමත් රෙජිමේන්තුව මගින් සංලක්ෂිත වේ.
එය 20 වැනි සියවසේ මුල් භාගයේ දී
යුරෝපයේ
වර්ධනයට පත් විය.
ජර්මනිය
වැනි අනෙකුත් යුරෝපීය රටවලට ව්යාප්ත වීමට පෙර, පළමුවන ලෝක සංග්රාමයේදී
ඉතාලියේ
, මුල්ම ෆැසිස්ට් ව්යාපාරයන් මතු විය.
ෆැසිස්ට්වාදයට යුරෝපයෙන් පිටත ද අනුගාමිකයින් සිටියහ. අරාජිකවාදයට,
ප්රජාතන්ත්රවාදය
ට,
ලිබරල්වාදය
ට සහ
මාක්ස්වාදය
ට එරෙහිව, ෆැසිස්ට්වාදය සම්ප්රදායික වාම-දකුනු වර්ණාවලිය තුළ අන්ත දක්ෂිනාංශය මත තබා ඇත.
ෆැසිස්ට්වාදීන් පළමු ලෝක යුද්ධය දුටුවේ යුද්ධයේ ස්වභාවය, සමාජය, රාජ්යය සහ තාක්ෂණයේ දැවැන්ත වෙනස්කම් ගෙන ආ විප්ලවයක් ලෙස ය. සම්පූර්ණ යුද්ධයේ පැමිණීම සහ සමාජයේ සමස්ත මහජන බලමුලු ගැන්වීම සිවිල් වැසියන් සහ සටන්කරුවන් අතර වෙනස බිඳ දමා ඇත. යුධ සමයේදී සියලුම පුරවැසියන් කිසියම් ආකාරයකින් හමුදාව සමඟ සම්බන්ධ වූ හමුදා පුරවැසිභාවයක් ඇති විය. යුද්ධයේ ප්රතිඵලයක් ලෙස මිලියන සංඛ්යාත ජනතාවක් ඉදිරි පෙළේ සේවය කිරීම සඳහා බලමුලු ගැන්වීමට සහ ඔවුන්ට ආධාර කිරීම සඳහා ආර්ථික නිෂ්පාදනය සහ සැපයුම් සැපයීමට මෙන්ම පුරවැසියන්ගේ ජීවිතවලට මැදිහත් වීමට පෙර නොවූ විරූ අධිකාරියක් ඇති බලවත් රාජ්යයක් බිහි විය.
ෆැසිස්ට්වාදීන් විශ්වාස කරන්නේ ලිබරල් ප්රජාතන්ත්රවාදය යල්පැන ඇති බවයි. සන්නද්ධ ගැටුම් සඳහා ජාතියක් සූදානම් කිරීමට සහ ආර්ථික දුෂ්කරතාවලට ඵලදායී ලෙස ප්රතිචාර දැක්වීම සඳහා ඒකාධිපති ඒකපාර්ශ්වික රාජ්යයක් යටතේ සමාජය සම්පූර්ණයෙන් බලමුලු ගැන්වීම අවශ්ය බව ඔවුහු සලකති.
ෆැසිස්ට් රාජ්යයක් මෙහෙයවනු ලබන්නේ ප්රබල නායකයෙකු (ඒකාධිපතියෙකු වැනි) සහ ජාතික සමගිය ඇති කිරීම සහ ස්ථාවර සහ ක්රමවත් සමාජයක් පවත්වාගෙන යාම සඳහා පාලක ෆැසිස්ට් පක්ෂයේ සාමාජිකයින්ගෙන් සමන්විත යුද නීති ආණ්ඩුවකි. ප්රචණ්ඩත්වය ස්වයංක්රීයව සෘණාත්මක ස්වභාවයක් ගන්නා බවට කරන ප්රකාශයන් ෆැසිස්ට්වාදය ප්රතික්ෂේප කරන අතර අධිරාජ්යවාදය, දේශපාලන ප්රචණ්ඩත්වය සහ යුද්ධය, ජාතික පුනර්ජීවනය ලබා ගත හැකි මාධ්යයන් ලෙස සලකයි. ආරක්ෂණවාදී සහ ආර්ථික මැදිහත්වීම්වාදී ප්රතිපත්ති හරහා ස්වයංපෝෂිත (ජාතික ආර්ථික ස්වයංපෝෂිතභාවය) සාක්ෂාත් කර ගැනීමේ ප්රධාන අරමුණ ඇතිව, ෆැසිස්ට්වාදීන් ඩිරිජිස්ට් ආර්ථිකයක්
වෙනුවෙන් පෙනී සිටියි.
ෆැසිස්ට්වාදයේ ආන්තික අධිකාරීවාදය සහ ජාතිකවාදය බොහෝ විට වාර්ගික සංශුද්ධතාවය හෝ ප්රධාන ජාතියක් පිළිබඳ විශ්වාසයක් ප්රකාශ කරයි, සාමාන්යයෙන් නොමිනිස්කරණය කළ "වෙනත්" කෙනෙකුට එරෙහිව වර්ගවාදයේ හෝ ආගම්වාදයේ යම් ප්රභේදයක් පැතිරවීම සමඟ සංශ්ලේෂණය වේ. මෙම අදහස් මගින් වාර්ගික ඝාතන, සමූලඝාතන, බලහත්කාර වන්ධ්යාකරණ, නිරායුධ මිනිසුන් සමූහ ඝාතන සිදු කිරීමට සහ බලහත්කාරයෙන් පිටුවහල් කිරීමට ෆැසිස්ට් පාලන තන්ත්රයන් පොළඹවා ඇත.
1945
දෙවන ලෝක සංග්රාමයේ
අවසානයෙන් පසු, පක්ෂ කිහිපයක් විවෘතව තමන් ෆැසිස්ට්වාදීන් ලෙස විස්තර කර ඇත; මෙම යෙදුම බොහෝ විට දේශපාලන විරුද්ධවාදීන් විසින් නින්දිත ලෙස භාවිතා කරයි. නව-ෆැසිස්ට්වාදී හෝ පශ්චාත්-ෆැසිස්ට්වාදී විස්තර සමහර විට 20 වැනි සියවසේ ෆැසිස්ට් ව්යාපාරවලට සමාන හෝ මුල් බැසගත් මතවාදයන් සහිත අන්ත දක්ෂිනාංශයේ සමකාලීන පක්ෂ විස්තර කිරීමට වඩාත් විධිමත් ලෙස යෙදේ.
10
ආශ්රිත ලිපි
සංස්කරණය
Politics ද්වාරය
History ද්වාරය
Christian fascism
Clerical fascism
Conservative Revolution
Crypto-fascism
Emergency government
Fascism in South America
Islamofascism
Neo-Nazism
Pact of Pacification
Proto-fascism
Rashism
Right-wing authoritarianism
Reactionary modernism
Squadrismo
Statism in Shōwa Japan
Strongman (politics)
මූලාශ්ර
සංස්කරණය
සටහන්
Turner (1975)
, p. 162
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: "... රැඩිකල් සහ ඒකාධිපති ජාතිකවාදයේ ඉලක්ක.";
Larsen, Hagtvet & Myklebust (1984)
, p. 424
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: "... ඒකාබද්ධ රැඩිකල් ජාතිකවාදී අධිකාරීවාදයේ සංවිධිත ස්වරූපය.";
Paxton (2004)
, pp. 32, 45, 173
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: (32) "...සාරධර්ම විරෝධී, වඩා ආක්රමණශීලී ජාතිකවාදය සහ වර්ගවාදය, සහ සහජ බුද්ධිය සහ ප්රචණ්ඩත්වයේ නව සෞන්දර්යය", (173) ".. ප්රචණ්ඩකාරී ජාතිවාදය සහ ජාතිකවාදය [...] එහි නිර්වචන අංග-අසීමිත විශේෂිත ස්වෛරීත්වය, යුද්ධය සඳහා රසයක් සහ ප්රචණ්ඩකාරී බැහැර කිරීම් මත පදනම් වූ සමාජයක්";
Nolte (1965)
, p. 300
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: "අප පෙන්වා දී ඇති පරිදි, ජාතික ෆැසිස්ට්වාදය ජාතිකවාදයෙන් වෙන්කර හඳුනාගෙන ඇත, වෙනත් දේ අතර, එහි පැවැත්මට තර්ජනයක් වන බව පෙනෙන අසල්වැසි රාජ්යයක් විනාශ කිරීම ඉල්ලා සිටී. තමන්ගේම බලයේ පිහිටීම සහ ප්රදේශයේ එහි අතීත අධිපති තත්ත්වයේ ඓතිහාසික ශේෂයන්."
"fascism"
fascism
. ප්රතිෂ්ඨාපනය 22 August 2017
Davies & Lynch (2002)
, pp.
1–5
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International Encyclopedia of Political Science
, Fascism.
Griffin (1995)
, pp. 8, 307
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Kallis (2003b)
, p. 71
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Hartley (2004)
, p. 187
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Reich (1970)
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Hawkesworth & Kogan (1992)
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Copsey (2008)
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Goodwin (2011)
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Woodley (2010)
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Blamires (2006)
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Richardson (2017)
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Eley (2013)
harvp error: no target: CITEREFEley2013 (
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Wistrich (1976)
harvp error: no target: CITEREFWistrich1976 (
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Horne (2002)
, pp. 237–239.
sfnp error: no target: CITEREFHorne2002 (
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Berend, I. T. (2016).
An Economic History of Twentieth-Century Europe: Economic Regimes from Laissez-Faire to Globalization
Cambridge University Press
. p. 93.
Lynch, D.; Davies, P.J. (2002).
The Routledge Companion to Fascism and the Far Right
. United Kingdom:
Routledge
. p. 275.
ආර්ථිකයේ සහ/හෝ සමාජයේ සවිස්තරාත්මක සහ ආක්රමණශීලී රාජ්ය දිශාව. Dirigisme ෆැසිස්ට්වාදයේ සහ කොමියුනිස්ට් පද්ධති දෙකෙහිම කේන්ද්රීය විය. කෙසේ වෙතත්, ෆැසිස්ට්වාදය සම්බන්ධයෙන් ගත් කල, ෆැසිස්ට්වාදීන් "ජාතික අවශ්යතා" ලෙස සලකන දෙයට සේවය කිරීම සඳහා ආර්ථිකය උපයෝගී කර ගත හැකි තාක්, නිෂ්පාදන මාධ්යවල සම්පූර්ණ රාජ්ය හිමිකාරිත්වය සඳහා අවශ්යතාවයක් නොතිබුණි.
Blamires (2006)
, pp. 188–189.
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Enciclopedia Italiana
Neofascismo
භාහිර සබැඳි
සංස්කරණය
fascism
, යන්න නිදහස් ශබ්දකෝෂය වන වික්ෂනරිය දී සොයා බලන්න.
විකිඋද්ධෘත
සතුව පහත තේමාව සම්බන්ධයෙන් උද්ධෘත එකතුවක් ඇත:
ෆැසිස්ට්වාදය
ෆැසිස්ට්වාදය
හා සබැඳි මාධ්ය විකිමාධ්ය කොමන්ස් හි ඇත.
The Doctrine of Fascism
by Benito Mussolini (1932)
(ඉංග්රීසි බසින්)
Authorized translation of Mussolini's "The Political and Social Doctrine of Fascism" (1933)
(PDF). media.wix.com.
Readings on Fascism and National Socialism by Various – Project Gutenberg
"Eternal Fascism: Fourteen Ways of Looking at a Blackshirt"
Umberto Eco
's list of 14 characteristics of Fascism, originally published 1995.
Authoritarian
and
totalitarian
forms of
government
Forms
Absolute monarchy
Autocracy
Benevolent dictatorship
Constitutional dictatorship
Communist state
Counterintelligence state
Dictablanda
Dictatorship
Dominant-party system
Mafia state
Managerial state
Military dictatorship
Mob rule
One-party state
Oligarchy
Police state
Semi-constitutional monarchy
Theocracy
Tsarist autocracy
Concepts
Authoritarian capitalism
Authoritarian democracy
Authoritarian socialism
Despotism
Democracy indices
Ecoauthoritarianism
Éminence grise
Enlightened absolutism
Fascism
National Socialism
Illiberal democracy
Imperialism
Inverted totalitarianism
Power behind the throne
Putinism
Right-wing dictatorship
Social engineering
Soft despotism
Soft tyranny
Statism
State within a state
Marxism–Leninism
Stalinism
Maoism
Militarism
Third Position
Totalitarian democracy
Tyranny
Tyranny of the majority
ෆැසිස්ට්වාදය
Themes
Core tenets
Actual idealism
Aestheticization of politics
Anti-communism
Anti-intellectualism
Anti-materialism
Anti-pacifism
Authoritarianism
Chauvinism
Class collaboration
Conspiracism
Corporatism
Cult of personality
ඒකාධිපතිවාදය
Direct action
Dirigisme
Economic interventionism
Eugenics
Heroic capitalism
Heroic realism
Heroism
Imperialism
Indoctrination
Irrationalism
Machismo
Masculinity
Militarism
National syndicalism
Nationalism
Integral
Palingenetic
Ultra
New Man
One-party state
Perpetual war
Populism
Proletarian nation
Propaganda
Racism
Reactionary modernism
Social Darwinism
Social interventionism
Social order
State capitalism
Statolatry
Supercapitalism
Syncretism
Third Position
Totalitarianism
Topics
Definitions
Economics
Fascism and ideology
Fascism worldwide
Symbolism
Variants
Austrian
Brazilian
British
Christian
Clerical
Crypto
Eco
Falangism
Francoism
French
Hindu
Hutu Power
Islamic
Italian
Israeli
Legionarism
Neo-Legionarism
Mystical
National Bolshevism
Nazism
Hitlerism
Neo-Nazism
Strasserism
Neo
Para
Revisionist Maximalism
Rexism
Russian
Shōwa Statism
Restoration
Syndicalist
Techno
Tropical
Ustašism
Movements
Africa
Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging
Greyshirts
Muslim Association of the Lictor
Ossewabrandwag
Young Egypt Party (1933)
Asia
Al-Muthanna Club
Aria Party
Azure Party
White Shirts Society
Brit HaBirionim
Blue Shirts Society
Rastakhiz Party
Concordia Association
Grey Wolves
Hindu Mahasabha
Imperial Rule Assistance Association
Iran-e-No Party
Kataeb Party
Kenkokukai
Kokumin Dōmei
Korea Nationalist Party
Korean National Youth Association
Liberal Party (South Korea)
Nasyonal Aktivite ve Zinde İnkişaf
National Socialism Association
National Socialist Japanese Workers' Party
Nationalist Movement Party
National Will Party
Nation Party of Iran
New Life Movement
Pan-Iranist Party
Palestine Arab Party
Patrol 36
Progress Party (Iran)
Philippine Falange
Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
Akhil Bharatiya Itihas Sankalan Yojana
Sakurakai
SUMKA
Syrian Social Nationalist Party
Tōhōkai
Tsagaan Khas
Northern / Northwestern Europe
Ailtirí na hAiséirghe
Autonome Nationalisten
Bases Autónomas
Black Front (Netherlands)
Blood & Honour
Blueshirts
Breton Social-National Workers' Movement
British Democratic Party
British Fascists
Britain First
British League of Ex-Servicemen and Women
British Movement
British National Party (1960)
British National Party
British People's Party (1939)
British People's Party (2005)
British Union of Fascists
The Britons
La Cagoule
Casuals United
Centre Party '86
Clerical People's Party
Dutch Fascist Union
English Defence League
English National Association
European Liberation Front
Le Faisceau
Fédération d'action nationale et européenne
Finnish National Socialist Labor Organisation
Finnish People's Organisation
Finnish-Socialist Workers' Party
Flemish National Union
French National-Collectivist Party
French Nationalist Party
French Popular Party
General Dutch Fascist League
Greater Britain Movement
Heathen Front
Imperial Fascist League
International Third Position
Jeune Nation
Lalli Alliance of Finland
Lapua Movement
League of Saint George
Les Identitaires
Mouvement d'Action Civique
Mouvement Franciste
Nasjonal Samling
National Action (UK)
National Alliance
National Corporate Party
National Fascisti
National Front
National League of Sweden
Nationalist Party
National Rally
National Socialist Bloc
National Socialist Dutch Workers Party
National Socialist Front
National Socialist League
National Socialist Movement (UK, 1962)
National Socialist Movement (United Kingdom)
National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands
National Socialist Movement of Norway
National Socialist Union of Finland
National Socialist Workers' Party (Sweden)
National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark
National Socialists of Finland
National Syndicalists
National Union (Netherlands)
National Union (Portugal)
New Party
Nipsters
Nordic League
The Nordic Realm Party
Nordic Resistance Movement
Northern League
Norwegian Defence League
Nouvelle Droite
L'Œuvre Française
Official National Front
Order of Flemish Militants
Order of Nine Angles
Organisation of National Socialists
Parti Communautaire National-Européen
Party of Finnish Labor
Party of the Swedes
Patriotic Alternative
Patriotic People's Movement
Patriotic People's Movement (1993)
Pērkonkrusts
Phalange Française
Rexist Party
Rising Finland
Scottish Democratic Fascist Party
Scottish Protestant League
Stormers
Terre et Peuple
Third Way
Union Movement
Verdinaso
Vigrid
White Aryan Resistance
World Union of National Socialists
Central Europe
Action Front of National Socialists/National Activists
Arrow Cross Party
Artgemeinschaft
Austrian Nazism
Black Front
Christian National Socialist Front
Deutsche Reichspartei
Eidgenössische Sammlung
Free German Workers' Party
German National Movement in Liechtenstein
German National Socialist Workers' Party (Czechoslovakia)
German Social Union
Hungarian National Front
Hungarian National Socialist Agricultural Labourers' and Workers' Party
Hungarian National Socialist Party
Liechtenstein Homeland Service
National Democratic Party (Austria)
National Democratic Party of Germany
National Front (Hungary)
National Front (Switzerland)
National Movement of Switzerland
National Radical Camp
National Radical Camp (1993)
National Union (Switzerland)
Nationalist Front (Germany)
Nazi Party
Nazi Germany
National Socialist Working Association
New Order
Nipsters
Positive Christianity
German Christians
The Right (Germany)
Socialist Reich Party
Sudeten German Party
The Third Path
United Hungarian National Socialist Party
Volksdeutsche Bewegung
Volkssozialistische Bewegung Deutschlands/Partei der Arbeit
Wiking-Jugend
Southern Europe
ADÑ–Spanish Identity
Albanian Fascist Party
Balli Kombëtar
Democratic Fascist Party
Fasci Italiani di Combattimento
Fascio d'Azione Rivoluzionaria
Falange
La Falange (1999)
Falange Auténtica
Falange Española
Falange Española Auténtica
Falange Española de las JONS
Falange Española de las JONS (1976)
Falange Española Independiente
Falangist Movement of Spain
Freethinkers' Party
Imperium Europa
Italian fascism
National Fascist Party
Italian Social Republic
Republican Fascist Party
Italian Social Movement
Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista
National Alliance July 18
National Democracy (Italy)
National Democracy (Spain)
National Union (Italy, 1923)
National Union (Spain)
New Force (Italy)
New Force (Spain)
Republican Social Movement
The Right (Italy)
Sammarinese Fascist Party
Tricolour Flame
Unidad Falangista Montañesa
Eastern and Southeastern Europe
Authentic Croatian Party of Rights
Bosnian Movement of National Pride
Bulgarian National Socialist Workers Party
Crusade of Romanianism
Eurasia Movement
Eurasia Party
For the Native Language!
Front of National Revolutionary Action
German Party
German People's Party
Golden Dawn
Greek National Socialist Party
Iron Guard
LEPEN
Liberal Democratic Party of Russia
National Agrarian Party
National Bolshevik Front
National Bolshevik Party
National-Christian Defense League
National Christian Party
National Fascist Community
National Fascist Movement
National Italo-Romanian Cultural and Economic Movement
National Party – Greeks
National Popular Consciousness
National Social Movement (Bulgaria)
National Radical Camp Falanga
National Romanian Fascio
National Renaissance Front
National Salvation Front
National Socialism / White Power
Order of Nine Angles
Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists
The Other Russia of E. V. Limonov
Pamyat
Patriotic Alliance
People's Party
Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine
Ratniks (Bulgaria)
Romanian Front
Russian Imperial Movement
Russian Fascist Party
Russian National Unity
Russian Women's Fascist Movement
Serbian Action
Serbian Radical Party
Slovak People's Party
Steel Shield
Svoboda
Terza Posizione
Union of Bulgarian National Legions
Ustaše
Vlajka
Yugoslav Radical Union
ZBOR
North America
Fascism in Canada
Aryan Guard
Canadian Association for Free Expression
Canadian Union of Fascists
Citizens for Foreign Aid Reform
Heritage Front
Parti national social chrétien
Fascism in the United States
American Front
American Nazi Party
Christian Party (United States, 1930s)
Creativity
Fascist League of North America
German American Bund
Hammerskins
Identity Evropa
League of the South
National Alliance (United States)
Nationalist Social Club-131
National Socialist Legion
National Socialist Liberation Front
National Socialist Movement
National Vanguard
Nationalist Front (United States)
The Order
Patriot Front
Proud Boys
Rise Above Movement
Silver Legion of America
Third Klan
Traditionalist Worker Party
Vanguard America
Volksfront
White Aryan Resistance
Wotansvolk
Revolutionary Mexicanist Action
Mexican Democratic Party
Mexican Fascist Party
National Pro Patria Party
National Synarchist Union
Nationalist Front of Mexico
Order of Nine Angles
Oceania
Action Zealandia
Antipodean Resistance
Australia First Movement
Australia First Party
Australian Defence League
Australian National Socialist Party
Centre Party
Lads Society
National Action (Australia)
National Democrats Party
National Socialist Network
National Socialist Party of Australia
Progressive Nationalist Party
Reclaim Australia
True Blue Crew
United Patriots Front
South America
Agrarian Labor Party
Argentine Anticommunist Alliance
Argentine Fascist Party
Argentine Nationalist Action
Argentine Patriotic League
Bolivian Socialist Falange
Brazilian Integralism
Brazilian Integralist Action
Brazilian Integralist Front
Falangism in Latin America
Female Peronist Party
Iron Guard (Argentina)
Nacionalismo
National Fascist Party (Argentina)
National Fascist Union
Nationalist Liberation Alliance
National Socialist Movement of Chile
National Universitary Concentration
New Triumph Party
Patriot Front (Argentina)
Popular Dignity
Popular Freedom Alliance
Popular Representation Party
Popular Socialist Vanguard
Republican League
La Resistencia Dios, Patria y Familia
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Politics ද්වාරය
දේශපාලන මතවාද ලැයිස්තුව
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සැඟවුණු ප්රවර්ග:
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ඉංග්රීසි-භාෂා මූලාශ්ර සහිත ලිපි (en)
BNE හැඳුනුම් සමග පවතින විකිපීඩියා ලිපි
BNF හැඳුනුම් සමග පවතින විකිපීඩියා ලිපි
BNFdata හැඳුනුම් සමග පවතින විකිපීඩියා ලිපි
GND හැඳුනුම් සමග පවතින විකිපීඩියා ලිපි
J9U හැඳුනුම් සමග පවතින විකිපීඩියා ලිපි
LCCN හැඳුනුම් සමග පවතින විකිපීඩියා ලිපි
NDL හැඳුනුම් සමග පවතින විකිපීඩියා ලිපි
NKC හැඳුනුම් සමග පවතින විකිපීඩියා ලිපි
PLWABN හැඳුනුම් සමග පවතින විකිපීඩියා ලිපි
NARA හැඳුනුම් සමග පවතින විකිපීඩියා ලිපි
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