Vajudha - Wikipedia
Svetuka kuchirochemo
Kubva Wikipedia
Vajudha
(mu
Chihebheru
: יְהוּדִים,
Yehudim
) kana
Vayehudha
rudzi rwevanhu vane madzitateguru akabva kunyika ye
Isiraeri / Yisiraeri
vari vanhu vakazvarwa nevanakomana gumi nevaviri va
Yakobho
(kana Jakove uye Jakobho). Nhoroondo yerudzi urwu inotevedza madzibaba avo ane mazita akanyorwa mu
Bhaibheri
vanoti:
Abarahama
Aseka
; na
Yakobho
. Abarahama na
Sara
vakazvara mwanakomana anonzi Aseka uyo akazvarwa mumakore ekunge vose vakwegura. Uku kwakanga kuri kuzadziswa kwechivimbiso chaMwari pavakataura naAbarahama vachiti uchava nemwanakomana kuburikidza nomudzimai wako Sara. Mwari vakaitawo zvimwe zvitsidzo kuna Abarahama zvinosanganisira: kuti huwandu hwevana vake huchawanda sejecha riri pamhenderedzo ye
gungwa
; kuti Mwari vachapa nyika ye
Kenani
kuna Abarahama nevana vake vaizotevera shure kwake; kuti Mwari vacharopafadza vana vaAbarahama zita ravo rikaita mukurumbira; kuti avo vanoropafadza vana vechipikirwa vaAbarahama navowo vacharopafadzwa; kuti avo vanotuka vana vaAbarahama navowo vachatukwa.
Vamwe vanoti
Juta/Vajuta
uye
Majuta
pamwe ndipo panobva
zita
uye
zita remhuri
rekuti:
Majuta
Nhoroondo ya Yakobho
chinjirudza
chinjirudza mabviro
Aseka (
kana
Isaka) akaroora
Ribheka
(kana Rabheka), vakazvara mapatya, mukuru ainzi
Esau
(kana Isawu) mudiki achinzi Yakobho. Uyu mukomana mudiki ndiye akaenda pamberi pababa vake nounyegeri akakwanisa kuti baba vamupe ropafadzo dzedangwe dzaifanirwa kunge dzakagadzwa pamukoma wake Esau. Mushure mokunge aba maropafadzo sezvizvi, Yakobho akatiza pamusha akanogara mumusha wemadziSekuru ake hanzvadzi dzaAmai vake. Ikoko Yakobho akanoshandira Sekuru vake
Rabhani
(Laban) zvichitevedza chivimbiso chekuti Yakobho aizopihwa mukunda wavo
Rakeri
(kana Racheri) kuti ave mukadzi wake. Pamusi wekuti chitsidzo chizadziswe, Rabhani akapinza mukunda mukuru
Rea
(Leah) mumba maYakobho, Rea akava ndiye mukadzi wekutanga waYakobho. Mushure mezvo Yakobho anonopopotedzana naRabhani, vakazoguma vatenderana kuti Yakobho ashande mamwe makore masere kuti apihwe Rakeri somukadzi wechipiri. Kwapera makore mazhinji Yakobho akadzokera kumusha kwake kuKenani mushure mokunge audzwa naMwari kuti achidzokera kwake. Pakuenda Yakobho akanoenda nevarongo vaviri vaiva varandakadzi vemadzimai ake Rea na Rakeri. Rea na Rakeri vakapa Yakobho varongo ava kuti vagozvarira Yakobho vana. Yakobho akava baba wevanakomana gumi nevaviri.
Yakobho vanakomana vake vakayambukira ku
Ijipita
vachitsvaga chokudya mumwaka wenzara. KuIjipita vanoyamurwa na
Yosefa
(kana Josefa) mwanakomana waYokobho uyo akanga atengeswa nevakoma vake muhuranda. Panguva iyoyo Yosefa akanga otonga segurukota re
Ijipita
anorayira vakoma vake kuti vanounza baba vake nemhuri yose - mambo we
Ijipita
anovagamuchira zvakanaka fani achivapa dunhu re
Goshen
kuti vagareko nezvipfuwo zvavo. Yosefa nevakoma vake vanofa vachisiya mhuri dzavo dzichigara muIjipita. Kwapera makore mazhinji, kunouya mumwe mambo akanga asingazive utongi hwa Yosefa uye chirangano chaivepo nerudzi rwemaJudha. Mambo aitya kuti vana vaIsiraeri vakanga vawanda zvokuti muhondo aizogona kukurirwa kana maJudha vakabatana nevavengi vake. Saka mambo anoranga nemachinda ake kuti vabate maJudha kuvaita varanda vachikanya zvidhinha nokuita mamwe mabasa amambo
Farao
. Panguva iyoyi vana vaIsiraeri vanochema kuna Mwari, ivo Jehovha vachibva vamutsa
Mhoze
kuti atungamire rudzi rwaIsiraeri kubva muIjipita kuenda kunyika yechipikirwa ye Kenani. Urwu ndirwo rudzi rwakatungamirwa naMhoze kubuda mu
Ijipita
rwudzi urwu rwakapiwa
Mitemo gumi yaMwari
iyo yaidzidziswa naMhoze apo akabva kunosangana naMwari pa
gomo reSinai
Mharadzirwa ye maJudha
chinjirudza
chinjirudza mabviro
Kune maJudha achiriko anogara munyika ye Isiraeri inova nzvimbo yavanokoshesa senyika ye
chipikirwa
chakaitwa pakati pa
Mwari
namadzibaba avo. MaJudah akawanda vakapararira Pasirose vaine
hugari
hwakawanda munyika dzinoti:
Amerika
Furanzi
Bhuritani
Rhashiya
Aryenthina
Bhuraziri
nedzimwewo nyika. Pachinyorwa chino mazwi anoti
mharadzirwa ye maJudha
(Dhiaspora ye Majudha) ari kureva vanhu vose veRudzi rwaIsiraeri vanogara mune dzimwe nyika dzisiri Isiraeri. Kuno ku
Afurika
maJudha vane
hugari
hwakawanda kunyanya mu
Afurika Chamhembe
; hugari hwavo hunoda kusvika 71,100 munyika iyi. MuAfurika Chamhembe maJudha vakauya panguva yekupambwa kwenyika iyi, vamwe vachizouya munguva yohutongi hwevachena. Kune maJudha ari muAfurika Chamhembe akabva ku
Rhashiya
uye kunyika dziri kumavirira kweRhashiya. Nyika idzi dzinosanganisira
Ritwaniya
Polandi
Estoniya
ne
Rativhiya
Mugore
722
PK
mawuto amambo we
Asiriya
akarwisa Isiraeri akaikurira - nyika yamambo akakurirwa yaiva ku
maodzanyemba
weIsrael yatinoziva nhasi - Umambo hwe kuMaodzanyemba. Mushure mezvi marudzi gumi vaigara munyika yamambo weIsrael vanodzingwa kubva munyika mavo, apo mambo weAsiriya anovamwararidza mumatunhu enyika yake.
Mumakore
597
na
586 PK
Nebhukadhinezari
mambo we
Bhabhironi
anorwisa
Judheya / Yudheya
achibva aikurira. Mushure mezvo Nebhukadhinezari anodzinga vanhu veJudheya achinovagarisa muhutapwa kuBhabhironi. Vari kuBhabhironi maJudha vanotenderwa kugara mumana mamwe nerudzi rwavo vasina kumwararidzwa.
Mushure memakore makumi masere muhutapwa hwe Bhabhironi,
Koreshi
mambo we
Perisiya
anotendera vanhu vakabva Judheya kuti vadzokere kunyika kwavo. Vakadzokerera panguva iyoyi vanosanganisira
Ezira
na
Nehemiya
. Asi kune vamwe maJudha vasina kudzokera kumusha, ava vakasarudza kuramba vari muBhabhironi makare.
Munguva iyo nyika yeIsiraeri yakanga iri pasi pehutongi hwemadzimambo ePerisiya ne
Vugiriki
, maJudha vakanga vachitenderwa kutevedza tsika dzemadzibaba avo, uye vachirarama zvinoenderana nemitemo yechinamato chavo. Zvinonzi vamwe vavo katendeukira kune zvimwe zvinamato; vamwe vakatanga kusanganisa tsika yokunamata
Yahweh
nokunamata vamwe vamwari. Asi chikamu chihombe ndicho cheavo vakaramba vachinamata netsika dzechiJudha vachitevedza zvinyorwa zve
Torah
Mugore 63 PK Judheya yakapambwa ikava nyika yaitongwa nemakurukota e
Varoma
. Vatongi veChiRoma vakanga vaine hutsinye samare, vaitora mari zhinji kubva kumaJudha yavairipiswa semitero. Mugore
70
MK
vagari veJudheya vakapanduka vakamutsa chimurenga chekuda kusvisunungura kubva pahutapwa hwevatongi veChiRoma. Chimurenga ichi chakakundika, mawuto emaJudha vakaurawa, vamwe vakatizira kumakomo kwavaigara mugona re
Masadha
. Varoma vakakomba gona reMasada kwemakore maviri, vanhu vakapoteramo vakange vave kuziya nenzara mugore 73 MK. Asi kunonzi vanhu vakahwanda kuMasada vakasarudza kuzviuraya pane kuzvipira kuti vaurawe neVaroma. Varoma vakaparadza Jerusalem panguva iyoyi, vakatora Judea seimwe yematunhu aiva pasi pamambo weVaroma.
Saka mushure megore
73 MK
, nhoroondo yemaJudha inenga yotaurwa ichionesa ruzhinji rwavo vapararira munyika dze
Afurika
Ezhiya
, uye
Yuropu
Vanhu / Wanhu
chinjirudza
chinjirudza mabviro
VaMajudha vanowanikwa mumaziwumbe epasirose akanyogwa pazasi (muna 2018):
Ziwumbe
Vajudha (estimeti)
Muzana we vagari vese
Amerika
6,469,800
0.64
6,593,000
0.15
Yuropu
1.359.100
0.17
voWushini
121,000
0.3
Afurika
73.600
0.006
Pasirose
14,606,700
Nyika ne nyika
chinjirudza
chinjirudza mabviro
Muna 2018 paive neMajudha 14.6 miriyoni pasirose. Izvi zvakaenzana ne0.19 muzana yehuwandu hwevanhu pasirose. Vazhinji vari mu
Isiraeri
ne
Amerika
Somugumisiro wesangano rokutama, kupararira kwevaJudha muzana remakore rechi20 kwakachinja zvikuru. Muna 1990
Mubatanidzwa we Sovhiyeti
yakanga ichiri neVajudha vakawanda. Mushure mekupera kwemubatanidzwa vazhinji vakasiya zvakanyanya kuIsrael neAmerika uye kune vashoma nhamba mu
Jerumani
zvakare.
Mastatistiki enyika ne nyika muna2018 aive sezvinotevera.
Nyika
Numeri ye Majudha
Muzana we Majudha ese
Muzana we huwandu
Tsanangurwa
Amerika
6.925.475
47.7
1.8
Isiraeri
6,697,000
46.2
74.8
pamwe ne Mabvazuva e
Jerusarema
, nzvimbo dziri ku madokero e
Jorodhani
ne Golan Heights
Furanzi
453,000
3,1
0.7
Kanadha
390,500
2.7
1,1
Bhuritani
290,000
2.0
0.4
Aryenthina
180,300
1,2
0.4
Rhashiya
172,000
1,2
0.1
Jerumani
116,000
0.8
0.1
chifungirwa: 150,000
Ostireriya
113,400
0.8
0.5
Bhuraziri
93.200
0.6
0,0
Afurika Chamhembe
69,000
0.5
0.1
Vukireni
50,000
0.3
0.2
Hungariya
47,400
0.3
0.5
Mehiko
40,000
0.3
0,0
Holandi
29,900
0.2
0.2
Bherujyamu
29,500
0.2
0.3
Itari
29,800
0.2
0,0
Vusvwisi
18,800
0.1
0.2
pachihofisi: 16,500
Turuki
21,000
0.1
0,0
Urugwayi
17,000
0.1
0.5
Chile
18,300
0.1
0.1
Swidheni
15,000
0.1
0.2
Bherarusi
10,400
0.1
0.1
Romania
9,300
0.1
0,0
Ostiriya
9,000
0.1
0.1
chifungirwa chinosvika ku 15,000
Irani
9,000
0.1
0,0
Chayina
2,600
0,0
0,0
pamwe ne
Hon'ukon'u
uye
Makawo
Moroko
2,300
0,0
0,0
Bhurugariya
2,000
0,0
0,0
Japani
1,000
0,0
0,0
Sin'apowo
900
0,0
0,0
Itopiya
100
0,0
0,0
Pasirose
14,606,000
100.00
0.19
Majudha muZimbabwe
chinjirudza
chinjirudza mabviro
Tarisai futi:
Majudha muZimambwe
MaJudha akauya mu
Zimbabwe
panguva yakauya Varungu ndokuumba Chita chavo chemaJudha mugore ra
1895
. Ichi chita chaitungamirwa na
Joe van Praagh
akava
Mayor
wechiJudah wekutanga muguta re
Harare
Milton Park
muHarare ine mugwagwa wakapiwa zita raJoe van Praagh. MuGuta re
Kadoma
kwakambova naMayor wechiJudah akagadzwa mugore ra
1956
; murume uyu ainzi
Robert Sternberg
Hugari hwemaJudah munyika ye Zimbabwe hwaderera kubva pahwaive panguva ye
Rusununguko
. Vamwe vavo vakatamira ku
Afurika Chamhembe
, vamwe vachienda ku
Isiraeri
, Amerika neku
Yuropu
. MaJudha anozivikanwa mu
nhoroondo
ye Zimbabwe anosanganisira:
Alfred Beit
Dr Michael Gelfand
Professor Laurence Levy
Joe van Praagh
B.S Leon
Sam Levy
Gary Thompson
nevamwe wo.
Mubayiro we Nobheru
chinjirudza
chinjirudza mabviro
Mubayiro we Nobheri
wakavambwa mugore ra
1901
nemururme ainzi
Alfred Nobel
akazvarwa kunyika ye
Swidheni
. Mibayiro yezvikamu zvinoti:
Fundoyetsimba
Chemishonga
Ruambamuta
kana
Mushonga
Uvaranomwe
, uye
Rugare
yakatanga kupiwa mugore ra1901.
Mubayiro weNobheri weRugare
Peace Prize
) inopiwa ku
Osiro
Noruweyi
, mimwe mibayiro inopiwa ku
Stokhomu
, Swidheni. Kunonzi chikamu gumi nemanomwe kubva muzana (18%) chemibayiro weNobheru chakatorwa nema
Judha
kubva pakavambwa mibayiro iyi.
Rushigido rwemaJudah
chinjirudza
chinjirudza mabviro
Rushigido
Holocaust
) raiva jambwa rokuurayiwa kukuru kwemaJudha munguva yakarwiwa
Hondo Yepasirose Yechipiri
. Urwu rushambwa rwakatungamirwa na
Adhorufu Hitla
ne
Bato re Nazi
avo vakakonzera kuurayiwa kwemaJudha vaigara mu
Jerumani
nevamwe vaigara kune mamwe matunhu akanga akapambwa ne
Jerumani
munguva iyi ku
Yuropu
. Nyanzvi dzenhoroondo dzine fungidziro yokuti maJudha vakaurayiwa nejambwa iri vakasvika mamiriyoni matanhatu (6m). Shoko rekuti
Holocaust
rinoreva
burnt whole
, saka kwedu kuChishona kwanzi
rushigido
kureva kuti muviri wemunhu waipiswa zvakaperera.
Kushigida
kana
kushikita
to burn utterly
Nyukura kubva ku "
Mipanguro
Vajudha
Vajudha ne Ujudha
Vajudha
Wedzera nhauro